JP4387919B2 - Seismic countermeasures for tunnels using seismic isolation materials, construction methods for seismic isolation walls, and construction structures - Google Patents
Seismic countermeasures for tunnels using seismic isolation materials, construction methods for seismic isolation walls, and construction structures Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 title claims description 93
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims description 54
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 4
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Landscapes
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
- Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
- Underground Structures, Protecting, Testing And Restoring Foundations (AREA)
Description
本発明は、免震材を用いたトンネルの耐震対策工法及びその免震壁の施工方法並びにその築造構造体に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a seismic countermeasure method for a tunnel using a seismic isolation material, a construction method for the seismic isolation wall, and a construction structure thereof.
図１３は、従来の既設開削トンネルの耐震補強工法の説明図であり、図１３（ａ）はその側壁の一部を切り出して示す図、図１３（ｂ）は図１３（ａ）のＡ−Ａ線断面図である。
これらの図において、１０１は既設開削トンネルの側壁の一部、１０２はその側壁の表面に補強される鋼板、１０３は現状の主鉄筋、１０４はアンカーボルトである。
FIG. 13 is an explanatory view of a conventional seismic reinforcement method for an existing excavated tunnel, FIG. 13 (a) is a diagram showing a part of the side wall, and FIG. 13 (b) is an A- view of FIG. 13 (a). It is A sectional view.
In these figures, 101 is a part of the side wall of the existing excavation tunnel, 102 is a steel plate reinforced on the surface of the side wall, 103 is the current main reinforcing bar, and 104 is an anchor bolt.
従来、既設開削トンネルの中柱や側壁を耐震補強する際には、鋼板巻補強を行う方法、または、図１３に示すように、部材の一面だけを鋼板１０１で補強して、変形性能及び耐力を向上させる方法が一般的に行われている。この場合には、開削トンネル内の作業となるため、近隣への影響（騒音等）は少ないという利点を有するが、施工空間が狭いこと、夜間線閉などを行う必要があり施工時間が拘束されること、鋼板１０１を固定するアンカーボルト１０４を用いるためにコンクリートを削孔する必要があるが、この際、現状の鉄筋１０３の位置を確認しながら作業を行うため非常に膨大な時間を要することなどの問題点がある。さらに、コンクリートを削孔するために、既存の健全なコンクリートを傷める恐れがあるとともに、常時においてひび割れ・止水性に不安がある。 Conventionally, when seismically reinforcing the middle pillars and side walls of an existing open-cut tunnel, a method of performing steel plate winding reinforcement, or, as shown in FIG. The method of improving is generally performed. In this case, since the work is carried out in the open tunnel, there is an advantage that there is little influence on the neighborhood (noise, etc.), but the construction space is narrow, the night line must be closed, and the construction time is restricted. In order to use the anchor bolt 104 for fixing the steel plate 101, it is necessary to drill concrete, but at this time, it takes a very long time to work while confirming the current position of the reinforcing bar 103. There are problems such as. Furthermore, in order to drill the concrete, there is a risk of damaging existing healthy concrete, and there is anxiety about cracking and water stoppage at all times.
また、周辺地盤の改良としては、地盤の剛性を高くすることもよく行われるが、この場合、慣性力により構造物が動かされ、地盤が抵抗側に働く場合には改良効果が認められるが、開削トンネルのように周辺地盤に追従して動く構造物では、ほとんどその効果が認められない。
なお、地盤又は土砂の改良ポリマー材及びそれを用いた改良地盤又は改良土砂自体としては、下記特許文献１が挙げられ、チェーン式カッター装置を用いた地中の地盤置換方法および地中地盤置換装置としては、下記特許文献２が挙げられる。
In addition, as the improved polymer material of the ground or earth and the improved ground or the improved earth and sand itself using the same, the following Patent Document 1 can be cited, and an underground ground replacement method and an underground ground replacement apparatus using a chain type cutter device. As the above, the following Patent Document 2 can be cited.
従来の既設開削トンネルの中柱や側壁を耐震補強する方法では、上記したように、（１）施工時間が拘束される、（２）既存の健全なコンクリートを傷める恐れがある、（３）コンクリートを切削するため、常時においてひび割れ・止水性に不安がある、などの問題があった。
本発明は、上記状況に鑑みて、部材全体の発生断面力が軽減され、全体としての耐震性能の向上を図ることができる免震材を用いたトンネルの耐震対策工法及びその免震壁の施工方法を提供することを目的とする。
In the conventional method of retrofitting the existing pillars and side walls of existing excavated tunnels, as described above, (1) construction time is restricted, (2) existing healthy concrete may be damaged, (3) concrete However, there was a problem that there was anxiety about cracks and water-stopping at all times.
In view of the above situation, the present invention provides a method for seismic countermeasures for a tunnel using a seismic isolation material capable of reducing the generated sectional force of the entire member and improving the seismic performance as a whole, and the construction of the seismic isolation wall It aims to provide a method.
本発明は、上記目的を達成するために、
〔１〕免震材を用いたトンネルの耐震対策工法において、トンネルの側面部に、周辺地盤に対して剛性比が小さく柔らかい材料からなる免震材を壁状に設置した免震壁を構築し、地震力を低減させる免震材を用いたトンネルの耐震対策工法であって、前記免震材がポリビニールアルコール系ポリマー剤および発泡スチロールビーズ混入土からなるポリマー改良土であることを特徴とする。
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides
[1] In the seismic countermeasure method for tunnels using seismic isolation materials, a seismic isolation wall was constructed on the side of the tunnel with seismic isolation materials made of a soft material with a small rigidity ratio relative to the surrounding ground. , a seismic measures method of tunnel using MenShinzai that Ru reduce seismic force, characterized in that said MenShinzai is polyvinyl alcohol-based polymer agent and made of foamed styrol beads mixed soil polymer modified soil .
〔２〕上記〔１〕記載の免震材を用いたトンネルの耐震対策工法において、前記周辺地盤に対する前記ポリマー改良土の剛性比が１／１０〜１／５００程度であることを特徴とする。
〔３〕上記〔１〕記載の免震材を用いたトンネルの耐震対策工法において、前記壁状に設置した免震壁の外側に土留め壁を構築することを特徴とする。
[ 2 ] The tunnel earthquake-proof construction method using the seismic isolation material according to [1] above, wherein the rigidity ratio of the polymer improved soil with respect to the surrounding ground is about 1/10 to 1/500.
[ 3 ] The tunnel seismic countermeasure method using the seismic isolation material according to [1] above, wherein a retaining wall is constructed outside the seismic isolation wall installed in the wall shape.
〔４〕上記〔３〕記載の免震材を用いたトンネルの耐震対策工法において、前記土留め壁がシートパイルや鋼管矢板井筒、ソイルセメント壁であることを特徴とする。
〔５〕免震材を用いたトンネルの築造構造体であって、上記〔１〕から〔４〕記載の何れか１項記載の免震材を用いたトンネルの耐震対策工法を施してなることを特徴とする。
〔６〕トンネルの免震壁の施工方法であって、上記〔１〕記載の免震材を用いたトンネルの耐震対策工法を、既設トンネルに適用する場合において、地盤に挿入したチェーンソー型カッターを有するベースマシンによって、カッターチェーンを回転させ地盤を切削し、固化液と切削土を攪拌混合、もしくは置き換えを行い、順次横方向に移動して掘削を続けることにより、地中に等厚で連続した免震壁を築造することを特徴とする。
[ 4 ] In the seismic countermeasure method for tunnels using the seismic isolation material according to [ 3 ], the earth retaining wall is a sheet pile, a steel pipe sheet pile well, or a soil cement wall.
[ 5 ] A tunnel construction structure using a seismic isolation material, which is subjected to a tunnel earthquake-proofing method using the seismic isolation material described in any one of [1] to [ 4 ] above. It is characterized by.
[ 6 ] A method for constructing a base isolation wall of a tunnel, in which when the tunnel earthquake-proof construction method using the base isolation material described in [1] is applied to an existing tunnel, a chain saw type cutter inserted into the ground is used. the base machine having, cutting the ground plate to rotate the cutter chain, mixing and stirring the solidifying solution and cutting soil or replacement carried out, by continuing the drilling by moving sequentially laterally, at equal thickness in the ground It is characterized by building continuous seismic isolation walls.
〔７〕トンネルの免震壁の施工方法であって、上記〔１〕記載の免震材を用いたトンネルの耐震対策工法を、既設トンネルに適用する場合において、スクリューオーガーを有するベースマシンによって、スクリューオーガーロッドを回転させて地盤を排土し免震材と置き換えることにより、柱列状もしくは千鳥格子状、もしくは多少間隔が空いた柱状体の免震壁を築造することを特徴とする。 [ 7 ] A method for constructing a base isolation wall of a tunnel, in which the tunnel seismic countermeasure method using the base isolation material described in [ 1] above is applied to an existing tunnel by a base machine having a screw auger, By rotating the screw auger rod to remove the ground and replace it with a seismic isolation material, a seismic isolation wall is formed in a columnar shape, a staggered lattice shape, or a columnar body with some space.
〔８〕トンネルの免震壁の施工方法において、上記〔３〕記載の免震材を用いたトンネルの耐震対策工法を、既設の開削トンネルに適用する場合に、初めに、既設開削トンネルの外部に前記土留め壁を打設し、その後、前記既設開削トンネル側面と前記土留め壁の間を掘削し、掘削によって空いたスペースに、前記免震材を打設することを特徴とする。
〔９〕トンネルの免震壁の施工方法において、上記〔３〕記載の免震材を用いたトンネルの耐震対策工法を、新設の開削トンネルに適用する場合に、前記土留め壁を構築し、その後構築した新設開削トンネル側面との間を、土により埋め戻しを行うのではなく、前記免震材を打設して、耐震対策工法を構築することを特徴とする。
[8] In the construction method of MenShinkabe tunnel, seismic countermeasures method of tunneling employing a seismic Shinzai described in [3], when applied to existing cutting tunnel, at the beginning, the outside of the existing digging tunnels the soil retaining wall and Da設to, then, the excavating between existing digging tunnels side and the earth retaining wall, in the space vacated by drilling, characterized by pouring said MenShinzai.
[ 9 ] In the tunnel seismic isolation wall construction method, when applying the tunnel seismic countermeasure method using the seismic isolation material described in [3] above to a newly opened tunnel, the retaining wall is constructed, Then , the seismic isolation construction method is constructed by placing the seismic isolation material instead of backfilling the side of the newly constructed excavation tunnel with soil.
〔１０〕免震材を用いたトンネルの築造構造体であって、上記〔６〕から〔９〕記載の何れか１項記載のトンネルの免震壁の施工方法を施してなることを特徴とする。 [ 10 ] A tunnel construction structure using a seismic isolation material, wherein the tunnel seismic isolation wall construction method according to any one of [ 6 ] to [ 9 ] is applied. To do.
本発明によれば、次のような効果を奏することができる。
（１）部材全体の発生断面力が軽減され、全体としての耐震性能の向上を図ることができる。
（２）既設トンネルに適用する場合においては、既存のコンクリートを傷めることがない。
According to the present invention, the following effects can be achieved.
(1) The generated sectional force of the entire member is reduced, and the overall seismic performance can be improved.
(2) When applied to existing tunnels, existing concrete will not be damaged.
（３）開削トンネルの外部での施工となるので、夜間線閉をすることなく施工が可能であり、工期を短縮することができる。
（４）ポリマーと切削土との攪拌混合方式を採用すれば、廃土が少なくてすみ、工費削減や環境対策としても優れている。
(3) Since construction is performed outside the excavation tunnel, construction is possible without closing the night line, and the construction period can be shortened.
(4) If a stirring mixing method of polymer and cutting soil is adopted, the amount of waste soil can be reduced, and it is excellent as a construction cost reduction and environmental measure.
トンネルの免震壁の施工方法であって、既設トンネルに適用する場合において、地盤に挿入したチェーンソー型カッター（カッターポスト）を有するベースマシンによって、カッターチェーンを回転させ、地盤を切削し、固化液と切削土を攪拌混合、もしくは置き換えを行い、順次横方向に移動して掘削を続けることにより地中に等厚で連続した免震壁を築造することができる。 A method for constructing a base isolation wall for a tunnel. When applied to an existing tunnel, a base machine having a chain saw cutter (cutter post) inserted into the ground is used to rotate the cutter chain, cut the ground, By mixing and replacing the cutting soil and replacing them, and moving sequentially in the horizontal direction and continuing excavation, it is possible to build a seismic isolation wall with an equal thickness in the ground.
以下、本発明の実施の形態について詳細に説明する。
図１は本発明の実施例を示す免震材を用いたトンネルの耐震対策工法を講じた免震壁を有するトンネル断面模式図である。
この図において、１は支持地盤、２は車両の通路となる開削トンネル（コンコース）、３は周辺地盤、４はその開削トンネル２と周辺地盤３との間に構築される剛性の小さい免震壁（ポリマー改良土）である。
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a tunnel having a seismic isolation wall in which a tunnel seismic countermeasure construction method using a seismic isolation material according to an embodiment of the present invention is taken.
In this figure, 1 is a supporting ground, 2 is an excavation tunnel (concourse) that serves as a passage for a vehicle, 3 is a surrounding ground, and 4 is a seismic isolation with low rigidity constructed between the excavating tunnel 2 and the surrounding ground 3 Wall (polymer modified soil).
本発明では、まず始めに、図１に示すように、開削トンネル２と周辺地盤３の間に非常に剛性が小さく柔らかい免震材（ポリマー改良土）を打設することにより、剛性の小さい免震壁４を構築する。
このように構成することにより、地震時に周辺地盤３が振動すると、開削トンネル２を強制的に変形させようとする力が働くが、この力を有効に低減することができる。つまり、周辺地盤に対して剛性比が小さく柔らかい免震材（ポリマー改良土）を壁状に設置した免震壁４、例えば、剛性比が１／１０〜１／５００程度の免震壁４を構築することで、地震力を低減させることができる。
In the present invention, first, as shown in FIG. 1, a soft base isolation material (polymer improved soil) having a very low rigidity is placed between the excavation tunnel 2 and the surrounding ground 3 so as to reduce the rigidity. Build seismic wall 4.
With such a configuration, when the surrounding ground 3 vibrates during an earthquake, a force for forcibly deforming the excavation tunnel 2 works, but this force can be effectively reduced. That is, the seismic isolation wall 4 in which a soft base isolation material (polymer improved soil) having a small rigidity ratio with respect to the surrounding ground is installed in a wall shape, for example, a base isolation wall 4 having a rigidity ratio of about 1/10 to 1/500. By constructing, the seismic force can be reduced.
ここで、本発明の実施例を示す免震材（ポリマー改良土）の作製の一例を示すと、まず、ポリビニールアルコールに白色粉末を入れて、ポリビニールアルコール系ポリマー剤を作製して、このポリビニールアルコール系ポリマー剤に発泡スチロールビーズ混入土を混ぜて、免震材を作製することができる。なお、本発明は、発泡スチロールビーズ混入土に限定するものではなく、これに代えて、現場における土であってよい。 Here, when an example of the production of the seismic isolation material (polymer improved soil) showing the embodiment of the present invention is shown, first, a white powder is put into polyvinyl alcohol to produce a polyvinyl alcohol-based polymer agent. A seismic isolation material can be prepared by mixing a polystyrene alcohol bead-containing soil with a polyvinyl alcohol polymer agent. In addition, this invention is not limited to a foam polystyrene bead soil, It may replace with this and may be the soil in the field.
また、ポリマー改良土に代えて、免震材として、ポリビニールアルコール系ポリマー剤、又は発泡スチロールビーズ混入土を用いるようにすることができる。
図２は本発明の耐震対策工法を施す前と施した後のトンネル側壁の剪断力の比率を示す特性図であり、横軸に免震材の原地盤に対する剛性比を、縦軸に剪断力の低減率（対策後／対策前）を示している。
Moreover, it can replace with a polymer improvement soil, and can use a polyvinyl alcohol-type polymer agent or a polystyrene bead mixed soil as a seismic isolation material.
FIG. 2 is a characteristic diagram showing the ratio of the shearing force of the tunnel side wall before and after applying the seismic countermeasure method of the present invention. The horizontal axis indicates the rigidity ratio of the base isolation material to the original ground, and the vertical axis indicates the shearing force. Reduction rate (after / before).
この図より、原地盤に対する剛性比が０．１の場合、剪断力の低減率が約０．７５であるのに対し、原地盤に対する剛性比が０．０１の場合は、剪断力の低減率が約０．５と、剪断力が軽減されていることが分かる。すなわち、本発明のように、原地盤に対して剛性比が小さい免震材を築造することにより、本発明を施す前の剪断力に比べて、トンネルの剪断力が低減していることが分かる。 From this figure, when the rigidity ratio with respect to the original ground is 0.1, the reduction rate of the shearing force is about 0.75, whereas when the rigidity ratio with respect to the original ground is 0.01, the reduction ratio of the shearing force It can be seen that the shearing force is reduced by about 0.5. That is, it can be seen that by constructing a base-isolated material having a small rigidity ratio with respect to the original ground as in the present invention, the shearing force of the tunnel is reduced compared to the shearing force before applying the present invention. .
図３は本発明の免震材（ポリマー改良土）の静的強度・変形特性図であり、横軸は軸ひずみεa （％）、縦軸は軸差応力ｑ（ｋＰａ）を示している。図３において、Ｎｏ．１豊浦砂は豊浦砂だけのもの、Ｎｏ．１ホモゲル、Ｎｏ．２ホモゲルはポリマーのみを硬化させた固結物、Ｎｏ．６混合土（大）、Ｎｏ．７混合土（大）は豊浦砂とポリマーを３０％の割合で混合したもの、Ｎｏ．７混合土（小）、Ｎｏ．８混合土（小）は豊浦砂とポリマーを２０％の割合で混合したものを指している。 FIG. 3 is a static strength / deformation characteristic diagram of the seismic isolation material (polymer modified soil) of the present invention, where the horizontal axis indicates axial strain ε a (%) and the vertical axis indicates axial differential stress q (kPa). . In FIG. 1 Toyoura sand is only for Toyoura sand. 1 homogel, no. No. 2 homogel is a consolidated product obtained by curing only the polymer. 6 mixed soil (large), No. 6 No. 7 mixed soil (large) is a mixture of Toyoura sand and polymer in a proportion of 30%. 7 mixed soil (small), no. 8 mixed soil (small) refers to a 20% mixture of Toyoura sand and polymer.
図４は試験終了後の供試体であるＮｏ．８混合土（小）を示す図面の代用写真である。
図３から明らかなように、ポリマー水溶液の土への注入充填量の多寡に応じて土とホモゲル（ポリマーのみを硬化させた固結物）の中間的な強度・変形特性を有する。
供試体であるＮｏ．８混合土（小）においては、図３から明らかなように、大ひずみレベル（εa ＝２５％）でも剪断面が生成されない。
FIG. 4 shows the specimen No. 1 after the test. It is a substitute photograph of drawing which shows 8 mixed soil (small).
As is apparent from FIG. 3, it has intermediate strength / deformation characteristics between the soil and the homogel (consolidated product obtained by curing only the polymer) according to the amount of the polymer aqueous solution injected into the soil.
No. which is a specimen. In 8 mixed soil (small), as is clear from FIG. 3, no shear plane is generated even at a large strain level (ε a = 25%).
本発明の免震材を用いたトンネルの耐震対策工法と従来工法を比較した場合の特徴は、以下の通りである。
（１）免震材からなる免震壁により、構造物全体の相対変形を抑制することができるので、鉄板補強のようにある一部の部材の補強になるのではなく、部材全体の発生断面力が軽減され、全体としての耐震性能の向上を図ることができる。
The characteristics when the seismic countermeasure method for a tunnel using the seismic isolation material of the present invention is compared with the conventional method are as follows.
(1) Since the seismic isolation wall made of the seismic isolation material can suppress the relative deformation of the entire structure, it does not reinforce some members like the steel plate reinforcement, but the generated cross section of the entire members The power is reduced and the overall seismic performance can be improved.
（２）開削トンネルの外部での施工となるので、夜間線閉をすることなく施工が可能であり、工期を短縮することができる。
（３）既存のコンクリートを傷めることがない。
（４）ポリマーと切削土との攪拌混合方式を採用すれば、廃土が少なくてすみ、工費削減や環境対策にも優れている。
(2) Since the construction is performed outside the open tunnel, construction can be performed without closing the night line, and the construction period can be shortened.
(3) Existing concrete will not be damaged.
(4) If a stirring and mixing method of polymer and cutting soil is adopted, the amount of waste soil can be reduced, and the construction cost reduction and environmental measures are excellent.
さらに、この免震材は、汚染封鎖壁、振動遮断壁、液状化対策工としても有効である。
図５は本発明の免震壁の外側に土留め壁を構築する例を示す図である。
この図において、１１は支持地盤、１２は開削トンネル、１３は免震壁（ポリマー改良土）、１４は土留め壁である。この土留め壁１４としては、シートパイルや鋼管矢板井筒、ソイルセメント壁などを用いることができる。
Furthermore, this seismic isolation material is also effective as a pollution blocking wall, a vibration isolation wall, and a liquefaction countermeasure.
FIG. 5 is a view showing an example in which a retaining wall is constructed outside the seismic isolation wall of the present invention.
In this figure, 11 is a supporting ground, 12 is an excavation tunnel, 13 is a seismic isolation wall (polymer modified soil), and 14 is a retaining wall. As this earth retaining wall 14, a sheet pile, a steel pipe sheet pile well, a soil cement wall, etc. can be used.
このように対策する場合には、免震壁（ポリマー改良土）１３は、土留遮水壁としても機能させることができる。
次に、本発明の免震壁の施工例について順次説明する。
〔施工例１〕
図６は本発明の免震壁のカッターチェーンを用いた施工状況を示す模式図である。
When measures are taken in this way, the seismic isolation wall (polymer modified soil) 13 can also function as a soil retaining wall.
Next, the construction example of the seismic isolation wall of this invention is demonstrated one by one.
[Construction Example 1]
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a construction situation using the cutter chain of the seismic isolation wall of the present invention.
この図において、２１は支持地盤、２２は開削トンネル、２３は免震壁（ポリマー改良土）、２４はカッターポスト、２５はＴＲＤ施工機（チェーンソー型カッターを有するベースマシン）、３１はポリマー供給のためのプラント、３２はポリマータンク、３３はポンプ、３４はミキサー、３５は水槽、３６はＴＲＤ施工機２５に接続されるポリマー供給のためのホースである。 In this figure, 21 is a supporting ground, 22 is an excavation tunnel, 23 is a seismic isolation wall (polymer modified soil), 24 is a cutter post, 25 is a TRD construction machine (base machine having a chainsaw cutter), 31 is a polymer supply Plant 32, polymer tank 33, pump 34, mixer 34, water tank 35, 36 hose for polymer supply connected to TRD construction machine 25.
図７は本発明のカッターチェーンを用いた施工例の工程図である。
まず、図７（ａ）に示すように、地盤４１上にＴＲＤ施工機４３のカッターポスト４２をセットする。
次に、図７（ｂ）に示すように、ＴＲＤ施工機４３のカッターチェーン４４を回転して、地盤４１の掘進削孔を行い排土する。
FIG. 7 is a process diagram of a construction example using the cutter chain of the present invention.
First, as shown in FIG. 7A, the cutter post 42 of the TRD construction machine 43 is set on the ground 41.
Next, as shown in FIG. 7B, the cutter chain 44 of the TRD construction machine 43 is rotated to excavate and excavate the ground 41.
次に、図７（ｃ）に示すように、掘進削孔を完了する。
次に、図７（ｄ）に示すように、カッターチェーン４４を引抜くとともに、ポリマー４５を吐出して、ポリマー混合土の充填置換を行う。
次に、図７（ｅ）に示すように、カッターチェーン４４の引抜き完了とともに、ポリマー混合土よりなる免震壁４６の築造を完了する。
Next, as shown in FIG. 7C, the excavation hole is completed.
Next, as shown in FIG. 7 (d), the cutter chain 44 is pulled out and the polymer 45 is discharged to perform filling and replacement of the polymer mixed soil.
Next, as shown in FIG. 7E, the construction of the seismic isolation wall 46 made of polymer mixed soil is completed along with the completion of the drawing of the cutter chain 44.
図８は、図６及び図７によって構築された本発明のポリマー改良土からなる免震壁を有する開削トンネルの断面模式図である。
図８に示すように、開削トンネル２２と周辺地盤２４との間にポリマー改良土からなる免震壁２３を築造することができる。
この実施例では、上記したように、既設トンネルに適用する場合において、地盤４１に挿入したチェーンソー型カッター（カッターポスト４２）を有するベースマシン（ＴＲＤ施工機４３）によって、カッターチェーン４４を回転、地盤の切削及びポリマー混合土への置き換えを行い、横方向に移動させることにより、地中に等厚で連続した免震壁２３を築造することができる。
FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an excavated tunnel having a base-isolated wall made of the polymer-modified soil of the present invention constructed according to FIGS. 6 and 7.
As shown in FIG. 8, a seismic isolation wall 23 made of polymer-modified soil can be constructed between the excavation tunnel 22 and the surrounding ground 24.
In this embodiment, as described above, when applied to an existing tunnel, the cutter chain 44 is rotated by the base machine (TRD construction machine 43) having the chainsaw cutter (cutter post 42) inserted into the ground 41. The seismic isolation wall 23 having an equal thickness and continuous in the ground can be constructed by cutting the material and replacing it with polymer mixed soil and moving it laterally.
〔施工例２〕
図９は本発明の柱状体の免震壁のスクリューオーガーを用いた施工状況を示す模式図である。
この図において、５１は地盤、５２はスクリューオーガーを有するベースマシンのオーガーロッドであり、この方式でも、スクリューオーガーロッド５２を回転させて地盤５１を切削して排土し、スクリューオーガーロッド５２の引抜き時に免震材（ポリマー改良土）５３への置換を行い、又は、切削土にポリマーを注入後、攪拌混合し、スクリューオーガーを有するベースマシンを横方向に移動して、図１０に示すように、列状に並んだ柱状体５３よりなる免震壁を構築する。
[Example 2]
FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing a construction situation using the screw auger of the seismic isolation wall of the columnar body of the present invention.
In this figure, 51 is the ground, and 52 is an auger rod of a base machine having a screw auger. Even in this system, the ground is removed by rotating the screw auger rod 52 and the screw auger rod 52 is pulled out. As shown in FIG. 10, sometimes the seismic isolation material (polymer modified soil) 53 is replaced, or the polymer is poured into the cutting soil and mixed by stirring, and the base machine having a screw auger is moved laterally. Then, a seismic isolation wall composed of columnar bodies 53 arranged in a row is constructed.
この場合、免震壁は、図１１に示すように千鳥格子状に配置された柱状体６１、もしくは、図１２に示すように、多少間隔ｌを空けて配置された柱状体列７１よりなるようにしてもよい。
このように、既設トンネルに適用する場合において、スクリューオーガーを有するベースマシンによって、スクリューオーガーを回転させて地盤を排土し免震材と置き換えることにより、列状に並んだ柱状体もしくは千鳥格子状、もしくは多少間隔を空けて配置された柱状体よりなる免震壁を築造することができる。
In this case, the seismic isolation wall is composed of columnar bodies 61 arranged in a staggered pattern as shown in FIG. 11 or columnar body rows 71 arranged somewhat apart from each other as shown in FIG. You may do it.
In this way, when applied to an existing tunnel, a column machine or a staggered lattice arranged in a row by rotating the screw auger to remove the ground and replacing it with a base isolation material by a base machine having a screw auger. It is possible to build a seismic isolation wall consisting of columnar bodies arranged in a shape or at some intervals.
なお、本発明は矩形断面を基本とする開削トンネルに用いられることを想定しているが、例えば、都市部などにおいて耐震設計を必要とする円形断面、馬蹄形断面の一般的なトンネルの耐震対策工としても適用できる。
また、本発明は上記実施例に限定されるものではなく、本発明の趣旨に基づき種々の変形が可能であり、これらを本発明の範囲から排除するものではない。
Although the present invention is supposed to be used for open-cut tunnels based on rectangular cross sections, for example, earthquake resistant work for general tunnels with circular cross sections and horseshoe cross sections that require seismic design in urban areas, etc. It can also be applied.
Further, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made based on the spirit of the present invention, and these are not excluded from the scope of the present invention.
本発明の免震材を用いたトンネルの耐震対策工法及びその免震壁の施工方法並びにその構築構造体は、特に、開削トンネルの耐震対策工として利用可能である。 The seismic countermeasure construction method for a tunnel using the seismic isolation material of the present invention, the construction method of the seismic isolation wall, and the construction structure thereof can be used particularly as the seismic countermeasure construction for the open tunnel.
１，１１，２１ 支持地盤
２ 開削トンネル（コンコース）
３ 周辺地盤
４，１３，２３ 剛性の小さい免震壁
１２，２２ 開削トンネル
１４ 土留め壁
２４，４２ カッターポスト
２５，４３ ＴＲＤ施工機
３１ ポリマー供給のためのプラント
３２ ポリマータンク
３３ ポンプ
３４ ミキサー
３５ 水槽
３６ ホース
４１，５１ 地盤
４４ カッターチェーン
４５ ポリマー混合土
４６ ポリマー混合土よりなる免震壁
５２ スクリューオーガーロッド
５３，６１，７１ 柱状体
1,11,21 Supporting ground 2 Opening tunnel (Concourse)
3 Ground around 4,13,23 Seismic isolation wall with small rigidity 12,22 Opening tunnel 14 Earth retaining wall 24,42 Cutter post 25,43 TRD machine 31 Plant for polymer supply 32 Polymer tank 33 Pump 34 Mixer 35 Water tank 36 Hose 41, 51 Ground 44 Cutter chain 45 Polymer mixed soil 46 Seismic isolation wall made of polymer mixed soil 52 Screw auger rod 53, 61, 71 Columnar body
Claims (10)
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| JP2008196212A (en) * | 2007-02-14 | 2008-08-28 | Shimizu Corp | Ground vibration propagation suppressing structure and construction method thereof |
| JP2013119714A (en) * | 2011-12-06 | 2013-06-17 | Ohbayashi Corp | Reversely driven column, and arrangement method of studs in reversely driven column |
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