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JP4394965B2 - Microvibration MIG welding method of titanium or titanium alloy - Google Patents
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JP4394965B2 - Microvibration MIG welding method of titanium or titanium alloy - Google Patents

Microvibration MIG welding method of titanium or titanium alloy Download PDF

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JP4394965B2
JP4394965B2 JP2004010990A JP2004010990A JP4394965B2 JP 4394965 B2 JP4394965 B2 JP 4394965B2 JP 2004010990 A JP2004010990 A JP 2004010990A JP 2004010990 A JP2004010990 A JP 2004010990A JP 4394965 B2 JP4394965 B2 JP 4394965B2
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忠幸 大谷
潔 佐久間
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Description

本発明は、船舶、橋梁、建築物、その他構造物用のチタン又はチタン合金材を溶接するMIG溶接方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a MIG welding method of welding ships, bridges, buildings, titanium or titanium alloy material for other structures.

従来から、チタン又はチタン合金構造材が、高い耐食性が要求される船舶、橋梁、化学機器・装置、建築物、自動車、バイク等の構造材として使用されている。   Conventionally, titanium or titanium alloy structural materials have been used as structural materials for ships, bridges, chemical equipment / devices, buildings, automobiles, motorcycles and the like that require high corrosion resistance.

この構造材の溶接には、主に、非消耗電極式のTIG溶接(タングステンイナートガスアーク溶接)が用いられているが、板厚3mm以上の構造材を溶接する場合には、溶接能率がTIG溶接に比べ数倍も高い、消耗電極式のMIG溶接(メタルイナートガスアーク溶接)が用いられる。   For welding of this structural material, non-consumable electrode type TIG welding (tungsten inert gas arc welding) is mainly used. However, when welding a structural material having a thickness of 3 mm or more, the welding efficiency is TIG welding. Consumable electrode type MIG welding (metal inert gas arc welding), which is several times higher than the above, is used.

しかし、MIG溶接には、雰囲気ガスがアルゴンガスの場合、アークが不安定化するという課題がある。溶接アークが不安定であると、良好な形状の溶接ビードが得られず、溶接部で所要の機械的性質を確保できないだけでなく、被溶接物の外観を損なうことにもなるから、近年、MIG溶接において溶接アークの安定化は重要な課題である。   However, MIG welding has a problem that the arc becomes unstable when the atmospheric gas is argon gas. If the welding arc is unstable, a well-shaped weld bead cannot be obtained, and not only the required mechanical properties cannot be secured at the welded part, but also the appearance of the work piece is impaired. Stabilization of the welding arc is an important issue in MIG welding.

MIG溶接においては、溶接ワイヤ(消耗電極)と、被溶接物(チタン又はチタン合金)の表面上の陰極点との間に、メインアークと該アークを包むサブアークからなる溶接アークが形成されるが、溶接アークの不安定化は、サブアークが、アークを維持するため、被溶接材の表面上で電子を放出し易い酸化物(膜)(陰極点)を求めて激しく動き回るというワンダリング現象による。   In MIG welding, a welding arc consisting of a main arc and a sub-arc that encloses the arc is formed between a welding wire (consumable electrode) and a cathode spot on the surface of a workpiece (titanium or titanium alloy). The destabilization of the welding arc is due to a wandering phenomenon in which the sub-arc moves violently in search of an oxide (film) (cathode spot) that easily emits electrons on the surface of the workpiece to maintain the arc.

シールドガスとしてアルゴンガスを使用する場合、アルゴンガスの電離電圧が約16Vであるので、溶接ワイヤ(消耗電極)の陽極点が溶接トーチ側に移動してサブアーク長が長くなり、その結果、ワンダリング現象が顕著に発現し、溶接ビードが大きく蛇行したり、また、溶接スパッタが多量に発生して、被溶接材の表面に付着する。   When argon gas is used as the shielding gas, since the ionization voltage of argon gas is about 16V, the anode point of the welding wire (consumable electrode) moves to the welding torch side and the sub-arc length becomes long. As a result, wandering The phenomenon appears remarkably, the weld bead greatly meanders, and a large amount of welding spatter is generated and adheres to the surface of the workpiece.

シールドガスとしてヘリウムガスを使用すると、その電離電圧は約25Vで、アルゴンガスの電離電圧より高いので、サブアークの発生を抑制でき(陽極点が被溶接材側に移動する)、ワンダリング現象の発現を抑制できる。   When helium gas is used as the shielding gas, the ionization voltage is about 25V, which is higher than the ionization voltage of argon gas, so that the occurrence of subarcs can be suppressed (the anode point moves to the welded material side), and the wandering phenomenon appears. Can be suppressed.

しかし、ヘリウムガスは、アルゴンガスに比べ値段が高いので、溶接コストを高めることになる。   However, helium gas is expensive compared to argon gas, which increases the welding cost.

近年、ワンダリング現象を抑制するため、シールドガスとして不活性ガスに微量の酸化性ガスを添加したガスを用い、消耗電極にパルス電流を通電するチタン及びチタン合金のMIG溶接方法が提案された(特許文献1、参照)。   In recent years, in order to suppress the wandering phenomenon, a MIG welding method of titanium and titanium alloy in which a pulse gas is supplied to a consumable electrode using a gas obtained by adding a trace amount of an oxidizing gas to an inert gas has been proposed ( Patent Document 1).

上記溶接方法では、不活性ガスに、溶接金属に悪影響を与えない程度の微量の酸化性ガスを添加し、陰極点の安定化(即ち、溶接アークの安定化)を図っているが、酸化性ガスの添加量は制御が難しく、溶接アークが安定化する一方で、溶接部の機械的性質が劣化することにもなる。また、微量の酸化性ガスを含む不活性ガスのコストは、ヘリウムガスより高くつき、溶接コストを高めることになる。   In the above welding method, a small amount of oxidizing gas that does not adversely affect the weld metal is added to the inert gas to stabilize the cathode spot (that is, stabilize the welding arc). The amount of gas added is difficult to control and stabilizes the welding arc while degrading the mechanical properties of the weld. Moreover, the cost of the inert gas containing a trace amount of oxidizing gas is higher than that of helium gas, which increases the welding cost.

溶接ワイヤの表面に絶縁性の酸化膜を形成して、ワイヤ側面において絶縁性を確保し、陽極点の位置を被溶接材側に押し下げ、サブアークの発生を抑制する手段もあるが、チタンワイヤ又はチタン合金ワイヤの表面に酸化皮膜を形成するためには、ワイヤを大気炉中で、所定時間加熱(例えば、700℃に)しなければならず、結局、多大なコストを必要とする。   There is also a means of forming an insulating oxide film on the surface of the welding wire, ensuring insulation on the side of the wire, and pushing down the position of the anode point toward the material to be welded to suppress the occurrence of subarcs. In order to form an oxide film on the surface of the titanium alloy wire, the wire must be heated in an atmospheric furnace for a predetermined time (for example, to 700 ° C.), which requires a great deal of cost.

チタン又はチタン合金材が構造材としての需要が増大する中、低コストで、ワンダリングのない形状良好な溶接ビードを形成して、溶接部の靭性を確保し、かつ、外観の優れた溶接構造物を提供し得るMIG溶接の開発が求められている。   With the demand for titanium or titanium alloy materials increasing as a structural material, a weld structure with a good shape without wandering is formed at low cost, ensuring the toughness of the welded part and having an excellent appearance There is a need for the development of MIG welding that can provide a product.

特開2000−280076号公報JP 2000-280076 A 特開平6−182545号公報JP-A-6-182545 特開平9−94659号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-94659

本発明は、上記要求に鑑み、チタン及びチタン合金を、低コストで、しかも、形状良好な溶接ビードを形成することができるMIG溶接方法を提供することを目的とする。 An object of the present invention is to provide a MIG welding method capable of forming a weld bead having a good shape and low cost from titanium and a titanium alloy in view of the above-described requirements.

本発明者は、安価なアルゴンガスを用いることを前提に、上記課題を解決する手段について検討した。溶接ワイヤにおいてアークが発生する陽極点を押し下げ、サブアーク長を短くすると、ワンダリング現象を抑制できるが、本発明者は、これを、溶接施工条件で解決できないかとの発想の下で、溶接試験を繰返した。   The present inventor has studied means for solving the above problems on the premise that an inexpensive argon gas is used. If the anode point where the arc is generated in the welding wire is pushed down and the sub-arc length is shortened, the wandering phenomenon can be suppressed, but the present inventor conducted a welding test under the idea that this could be solved under the welding conditions. Repeated.

その結果、溶接トーチを、溶接進行方向を横切る方向において、所定の振幅及び振動数で微小振動させると、ワンダリング現象を抑制できることを見いだした。   As a result, it has been found that the wandering phenomenon can be suppressed by minutely vibrating the welding torch with a predetermined amplitude and frequency in a direction crossing the welding progress direction.

特許文献2及び3に開示されているように、チタン及びチタン合金材のMIG溶接において、溶接トーチを振動(ウィービング)させることは行なわれているが、本発明者が見いだした“ワンダリング現象を抑制する溶接トーチの微小振動”は、上記振動(ウィービング)とは、振動条件が全く異なることは勿論のこと、作用効果の点でも異質なものである。   As disclosed in Patent Documents 2 and 3, in MIG welding of titanium and titanium alloy materials, the welding torch is vibrated (weaving), but the present inventors have found the “wandering phenomenon”. The “small vibration of the welding torch to be suppressed” is different from the above-described vibration (weaving) in terms of the operational effect as well as the vibration conditions.

本発明は、上記知見に基づいてなされたもので、その要旨は以下のとおりである。   This invention was made | formed based on the said knowledge, and the summary is as follows.

(1)アルゴン雰囲気中で、かつ被溶接材料面の上方からアークを発生し、チタン又はチタン合金をMIG溶接する溶接方法において、溶接トーチを、溶接進行方向を横断する方向に、
(a)振幅:ワイヤ径(mm)/10〜ワイヤ径(mm)、及び、
(b)周波数:3Hz以上
の条件で微小振動させ、ワンダリング現象による被溶接材料面上での溶接ビードの蛇行を下式で定義する蛇行率(Z)が、0.9以上1.1以下の溶接ビードを形成することを特徴とするチタン又はチタン合金の微小振動MIG溶接方法。
Z=最大蛇行幅/(1/2ビード幅)
最大蛇行幅:ビード中心線から最も大きく外れた溶接ビードの最外側端とビード
中心線との距離
(1) In a welding method in which an arc is generated from above the material to be welded in an argon atmosphere and titanium or a titanium alloy is MIG-welded, the welding torch is crossed in the direction in which the welding proceeds.
(A) Amplitude: wire diameter (mm) / 10 to wire diameter (mm), and
(B) The meandering rate (Z) defining the meandering of the weld bead on the surface of the material to be welded by the wandering phenomenon by the following formula is 0.9 to 1.1. A micro-vibration MIG welding method of titanium or a titanium alloy, characterized by forming a weld bead of
Z = maximum meandering width / (1/2 bead width)
Maximum meandering width: outermost edge of weld bead farthest from bead centerline and bead
Distance from center line

(2)前記ワイヤ径(mm)が、0.9〜1.6mmであることを特徴とする上記(1)に記載のチタン又はチタン合金の微小振動MIG溶接方法。   (2) The fine vibration MIG welding method of titanium or titanium alloy according to the above (1), wherein the wire diameter (mm) is 0.9 to 1.6 mm.

(3)前記周波数の上限が50Hzであることを特徴とする上記(1)又は(2)に記載のチタン又はチタン合金の微小振動MIG溶接方法。   (3) The fine vibration MIG welding method of titanium or titanium alloy according to the above (1) or (2), wherein the upper limit of the frequency is 50 Hz.

(4)前記横断する方向が、溶接進行方向と直角をなす方向であることを特徴とする上記(1)〜(3)のいずれかに記載のチタン又はチタン合金の微小振動MIG溶接方法。   (4) The micro-vibration MIG welding method for titanium or titanium alloy according to any one of (1) to (3) above, wherein the transverse direction is a direction perpendicular to the welding progress direction.

(5)前記条件で溶接トーチを微小振動させる際、溶接電流を実効値で、
(c1)240A/mm2以上、
とすることを特徴とする上記(1)〜(4)のいずれかに記載のチタン又はチタン合金の微小振動MIG溶接方法。
(5) When microvibrating the welding torch under the above conditions, the welding current is an effective value,
(C1) 240 A / mm 2 or more,
The micro vibration MIG welding method for titanium or titanium alloy according to any one of the above (1) to (4).

(6)前記条件で溶接トーチを微小振動させる際、溶接電流及び溶接電圧を実効値で、それぞれ、
(c2)275A/mm2以上、及び、
(d1)21.0V超23.5V以下
とすることを特徴とする上記(1)〜(4)のいずれかに記載のチタン又はチタン合金の微小振動MIG溶接方法。
(6) When the welding torch is vibrated minutely under the above conditions, the welding current and the welding voltage are effective values, respectively.
(C2) 275 A / mm 2 or more, and
(D1) The micro-vibration MIG welding method for titanium or titanium alloy according to any one of the above (1) to (4), characterized in that it is more than 21.0 V and not more than 23.5 V.

(7)前記条件で溶接トーチを微小振動させる際、溶接電流及び溶接電圧を実効値で、それぞれ、
(c2)275A/mm2以上、及び、
(d2)21.0V以下
とすることを特徴とする上記(1)〜(4)のいずれかに記載のチタン又はチタン合金の微小振動MIG溶接方法。
(7) When the welding torch is vibrated minutely under the above conditions, the welding current and welding voltage are effective values,
(C2) 275 A / mm 2 or more, and
(D2) The fine vibration MIG welding method of titanium or titanium alloy according to any one of the above (1) to (4), characterized by being 21.0 V or less.

本発明によれば、アルゴン雰囲気中で、かつ被溶接材料面の上方からアークを発生させるチタン及びチタン合金材のMIG溶接において、溶接トーチの微小振動によりワンダリング現象を抑制することができるし、さらに、電流電圧条件を適正に選択すれば、スパッタ付着量を低減できる。 According to the present invention, in MIG welding of titanium and a titanium alloy material that generates an arc from the upper side of the material to be welded in an argon atmosphere, the wandering phenomenon can be suppressed by the minute vibration of the welding torch, Furthermore, if the current-voltage conditions are properly selected, the amount of spatter deposition can be reduced.

ワンダリング現象を抑制する溶接施工条件を見いだすには、ワンダリング現象を客観的に評価する指標が必要である。溶接ワイヤの陽極点が溶接トーチ寄りにあり、サブアーク長が長いと、溶接アークが不安定化し(図3の(a)、参照)、図1に示すように、ビード中心線(図中、一点鎖線)を中心にして蛇行する溶接ビードBが形成される。   In order to find the welding conditions that suppress the wandering phenomenon, an index that objectively evaluates the wandering phenomenon is necessary. When the anode point of the welding wire is close to the welding torch and the sub-arc length is long, the welding arc becomes unstable (see FIG. 3A), and as shown in FIG. A weld bead B meandering around a chain line) is formed.

そこで、本発明者は、ワンダリング現象によりビード中心線から最も大きく外れた溶接ビードの被溶接材料面上での最外側端とビード中心線との距離を最大蛇行幅「Wmax」とし、下式に示すように、このWmaxと溶接ビード幅「W」の1/2との比「Z」を蛇行率と定義した。 Therefore, the present inventor determined the distance between the outermost end of the weld bead on the surface to be welded and the bead center line that is greatly deviated from the bead center line due to the wandering phenomenon as the maximum meandering width “Wmax”, As shown, the ratio “Z” between Wmax and ½ of the weld bead width “W” was defined as the meandering rate.

Z=Wmax/(1/2W)
Wmax:ビード中心線から最も大きく外れた溶接ビードの最外側端とビード 中心線との距離
ワンダリング現象がなければ、Wmax=1/2W であるから、Z=1が溶接ビードの理想型である。そこで、本発明者は、Zを限りなく1に近づける溶接施工条件を見いだすべく、溶接ビード形成試験を繰返した。
Z = Wmax / (1 / 2W)
Wmax: Distance between the outermost end of the weld bead that is farthest from the bead center line and the bead center line If there is no wandering phenomenon, Wmax = 1 / 2W, so Z = 1 is the ideal type of weld bead . Therefore, the present inventor repeated the weld bead formation test in order to find out the welding conditions for making Z as close to 1 as possible.

その結果、溶接トーチを微小振動させると、陽極点が溶接ワイヤの先端部に移動し、サブアークのアーク長が短くなるというアーク現象を発見した。   As a result, when the welding torch was vibrated minutely, an arc phenomenon was discovered in which the anode spot moved to the tip of the welding wire and the arc length of the sub arc was shortened.

本発明者は、上記アーク現象を基礎にし、さらに、溶接ビード形成試験を続行したところ、所要の振幅・振動数を選択し、図2に示すように、溶接ワイヤ1を繰り出す溶接トーチ5に、溶接進行方向6を横断する微小振動4を付与すれば、図3に示すように、サブアークを消滅せしめることができることを見いだした。   The inventor continued the welding bead formation test based on the arc phenomenon described above. As a result, the required amplitude and frequency were selected, and the welding torch 5 for feeding the welding wire 1 as shown in FIG. It was found that if the minute vibration 4 crossing the welding progress direction 6 is applied, the sub-arc can be extinguished as shown in FIG.

即ち、図3に示すように、溶接トーチに微小振動を与えない場合、溶接ワイヤにおける陽極点が上昇し、陽極点と被溶接材7との間に、アーク長の長いサブアーク3が発生し(図3(a)、参照)、その結果、メインアーク2を含むアーク全体が不安定化して、ワンダリング現象が誘起される。   That is, as shown in FIG. 3, when the vibration is not given to the welding torch, the anode point in the welding wire rises, and a sub arc 3 having a long arc length is generated between the anode point and the workpiece 7 ( As a result, the entire arc including the main arc 2 is destabilized and a wandering phenomenon is induced.

一方、溶接トーチを、溶接進行方向に直角な方向に所定の振幅で微小振動させ、溶接ワイヤ1に微小振動4(例えば、振幅0.9mm、振動数5Hz)を付与すると、陽極点が溶接ワイヤ1の先端部に固定されてサブアークが発生せず、したがって、安定したメインアークを、被溶接材との間で継続的に維持することができ(図3(b)、参照)、その結果、ワンダリング現象の発現を完全に抑制できることを見いだした。   On the other hand, when the welding torch is microvibrated with a predetermined amplitude in a direction perpendicular to the welding progress direction, and the microvibration 4 (for example, amplitude 0.9 mm, frequency 5 Hz) is applied to the welding wire 1, the anode point becomes the welding wire. 1 is fixed to the tip of 1 and no sub arc is generated, and therefore, a stable main arc can be continuously maintained with the material to be welded (see FIG. 3B), and as a result, It was found that the wandering phenomenon can be completely suppressed.

本発明者は、微小振動条件とワンダリング現象との関係を定量的に解析すべく、溶接ビード形成試験を、さらに継続して行った。   The present inventor further continued the weld bead formation test in order to quantitatively analyze the relationship between the minute vibration condition and the wandering phenomenon.

図4及び図5に、上記試験結果の一部を示す。図4は、ワイヤ径0.9mm、1.2mm及び1.6mmのチタンワイヤを用い、周波数5Hzで、溶接トーチを溶接進行方向に直角な方向に所定の振幅で微小振動させて溶接ビードを形成した場合における、蛇行率と振幅/ワイヤ径(微小振動条件)の関係を示す図である。最適振幅は、溶接ワイヤの太さに依存するので、振幅をワイヤ径で標準化した。   4 and 5 show part of the test results. Fig. 4 shows the use of titanium wires with wire diameters of 0.9mm, 1.2mm, and 1.6mm, and at a frequency of 5Hz, the welding torch is microvibrated with a predetermined amplitude in a direction perpendicular to the welding direction to form a weld bead. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the meandering rate and the amplitude / wire diameter (microvibration conditions) in the case of doing. Since the optimum amplitude depends on the thickness of the welding wire, the amplitude was standardized by the wire diameter.

図4から、微小振動条件として、振幅を“溶接ワイヤ径(mm)/10〜溶接ワイヤ径(mm)”の範囲内で設定すれば、略理想状態(Z≒1)の溶接ビードを形成できることが解かる。   From FIG. 4, it is possible to form a weld bead in a substantially ideal state (Z≈1) if the amplitude is set within the range of “welding wire diameter (mm) / 10 to welding wire diameter (mm)” as a minute vibration condition. Is solved.

図5は、ワイヤ径0.9mm、1.2mm及び1.6mmのチタンワイヤを用い、振幅/ワイヤ径は0.75と一定にし、周波数(Hz)を変えて、溶接トーチを溶接進行方向に直角な方向に微小振動させて溶接ビードを形成した場合における、蛇行率と周波数(微小振動条件)の関係を示す図である。   FIG. 5 uses titanium wires with wire diameters of 0.9 mm, 1.2 mm, and 1.6 mm, the amplitude / wire diameter is kept constant at 0.75, the frequency (Hz) is changed, and the welding torch is moved in the welding progress direction. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the meandering rate and frequency (microvibration conditions) in the case of forming a weld bead by microvibration in a perpendicular direction.

図5から、微小振動条件として、周波数を“3Hz以上”の範囲で設定すれば、理想状態の溶接ビードを形成できることが解かる。   From FIG. 5, it can be seen that if the frequency is set in the range of “3 Hz or more” as the minute vibration condition, the weld bead in the ideal state can be formed.

そして、本発明者は、上記溶接ビードを包む溶接部は、高い吸収エネルギー値(180J程度。ヘリウムガスでMIG溶接した場合と同程度の値である。)を有し、靭性が極めて優れた溶接部であることを確認した。   The inventor of the present invention has a weld portion that wraps the weld bead having a high absorbed energy value (about 180 J. The value is the same as that when MIG welding is performed with helium gas), and has extremely excellent toughness. It was confirmed that it was a part.

また、上記溶接ビード形成試験では、溶接トーチを、溶接進行方向と直角をなす方向に微小振動させたが、振動方向は、必ずしも溶接進行方向に直角である必要はない。本発明者は、上記微小振動を、溶接進行方向を横断する方向であれば、理想状態(蛇行率(Z)=1)に近い溶接ビードを形成できることを確認した。   In the weld bead formation test, the welding torch was vibrated slightly in a direction perpendicular to the welding progress direction, but the vibration direction is not necessarily perpendicular to the welding progress direction. The present inventor has confirmed that a weld bead close to an ideal state (meander rate (Z) = 1) can be formed if the minute vibration is in a direction crossing the welding progress direction.

以上の結果に基づいて、本発明は、アルゴン雰囲気中でアークを発生し、チタン又はチタン合金をMIG溶接する時、溶接トーチを、溶接進行方向を横断する方向に、
(a)振幅:ワイヤ径(mm)/10〜ワイヤ径(mm)、
(b)周波数:3Hz以上
の条件で微小振動させることを特徴とする。
Based on the above results, the present invention generates an arc in an argon atmosphere, and when TIG or titanium alloy is MIG welded, the welding torch is crossed in the direction of welding progress,
(A) Amplitude: wire diameter (mm) / 10 to wire diameter (mm),
(B) Frequency: Microvibration is performed under conditions of 3 Hz or more.

溶接ビード形成実験では、ワイヤ径が0.9mm、1.2mm及び1.6mmのチタンワイヤを用いたが、本発明において、ワイヤ径は特定の径に限定されない。   In the weld bead formation experiment, titanium wires having wire diameters of 0.9 mm, 1.2 mm, and 1.6 mm were used. However, in the present invention, the wire diameter is not limited to a specific diameter.

なお、上記実験の結果によれば、上記(a)及び(b)の条件下で、0.9〜1.6mmのチタンワイヤ又はチタン合金ワイヤを用いると、ワンダリング現象の発現をより効果的に抑制できる。   In addition, according to the result of the said experiment, when a 0.9-1.6 mm titanium wire or titanium alloy wire is used on the conditions of said (a) and (b), expression of a wandering phenomenon will be more effective. Can be suppressed.

また、上記(b)の周波数は、現在の溶接装置の周波数限界が50Hzであるので、実際の溶接施工において、該周波数限界50Hz以下の範囲で設定する。なお、本発明における周波数は、基本的には3Hz以上であればよい(図5、参照)。   Moreover, since the frequency limit of the present welding apparatus is 50 Hz, the frequency of said (b) is set in the range below this frequency limit 50Hz in actual welding construction. In addition, the frequency in this invention should just be 3 Hz or more fundamentally (refer FIG. 5).

本発明者は、上記(a)及び(b)の条件で溶接トーチを、溶接進行方向を横断する方向に微小振動させ、溶接電流及び溶接電圧(アーク電圧)を替えて、溶接ビードの外観とスパッタ付着量を調査した。その結果を、図6に示す。   The inventor finely vibrates the welding torch in the direction crossing the welding progress direction under the above conditions (a) and (b), and changes the welding current and the welding voltage (arc voltage). The amount of spatter adhesion was investigated. The result is shown in FIG.

図6において、◎及び○は、溶接ビードが理想型か又は理想型に近いものであることを示し、また、A、B及びCは、スパッタ付着量が、それぞれ、“少ない”、“中位”及び“多い”を示す。   In FIG. 6, ◎ and ○ indicate that the weld bead is an ideal type or a type close to the ideal type, and A, B, and C have spatter adhesion amounts of “small” and “medium”, respectively. "And" Many ".

図6から、溶接トーチを微小振動させ、240A/mm2以上の電流実効値(本発明の条件(c1))で溶接すれば、理想型か又は理想型に近い溶接ビードを形成できることが解かる。 It can be seen from FIG. 6 that if the welding torch is vibrated minutely and welded at a current effective value of 240 A / mm 2 or more (condition (c1) of the present invention), a weld bead that is ideal or close to the ideal type can be formed. .

溶接電流によっては、スパッタ付着量が多い場合もあるが、スパッタ付着量の多寡は、実質的に機械的性質に影響を及ぼさないが、外観上の問題を残す。   Depending on the welding current, there may be a large amount of spatter deposition, but the amount of spatter deposition does not substantially affect the mechanical properties, but leaves an appearance problem.

また、実効値で、電流275A/mm2以上(本発明の条件(c2))及び電圧21.0V超23.5V以下(本発明の条件(d1))で溶接すれば、スパッタ付着量が減少し、外観が良好な溶接部を形成することができる。なお、この電流・電圧の領域で、溶滴移行は短絡移行である。 In addition, if the welding is performed at an effective value of current 275 A / mm 2 or more (condition (c2) of the present invention) and a voltage exceeding 21.0 V and 23.5 V or less (condition (d1) of the present invention), the amount of spatter adhesion is reduced. In addition, it is possible to form a welded portion having a good appearance. In this current / voltage region, the droplet transfer is a short-circuit transfer.

さらに、実効値で、電流275A/mm2以上(本発明の条件(c2))及び電圧21.0V以下(本発明の条件(d2))で溶接すれば、スパッタ付着量は大幅に減少し、外観が優れた溶接部を形成することができる。この電流・電圧の領域で、溶滴移行はスプレー移行である。 Furthermore, when welding is performed at an effective value of current 275 A / mm 2 or more (condition (c2) of the present invention) and voltage 21.0 V or less (condition (d2) of the present invention), the amount of spatter deposition is greatly reduced. A welded portion having an excellent appearance can be formed. In this current / voltage region, droplet transfer is spray transfer.

本発明によれば、上記式で定義する蛇行率(Z)が1又は略1の溶接ビードを形成することができるし、さらに、溶接電流及び溶接電圧を適正値に設定すれば、スパッタ付着量が少なくて外観が美麗な溶接部を得ることができる。   According to the present invention, a welding bead having a meandering rate (Z) defined by the above formula of 1 or approximately 1 can be formed, and further, if the welding current and welding voltage are set to appropriate values, the spatter deposition amount A weld with a small appearance and a beautiful appearance can be obtained.

1又は略1の蛇行率(Z)は、数値的には0.9以上1.1以下であることが好ましいが、溶接部の靭性と美麗性を維持できる限りにおいて、上記数値範囲を多少超えていてもよい。それ故、本発明においては、蛇行率(Z)を1又は略1と規定する。   The meandering ratio (Z) of 1 or approximately 1 is preferably numerically 0.9 or more and 1.1 or less, but slightly exceeds the numerical range as long as the toughness and beauty of the welded portion can be maintained. It may be. Therefore, in the present invention, the meandering rate (Z) is defined as 1 or substantially 1.

そして、本発明によれば、スパッタ付着量が少なくて外観が美麗な溶接部を得ることができるので、全体的な外観が美麗なチタン又はチタン合金MIG溶接構造物を構築することができる。   According to the present invention, since a welded portion having a small spatter deposition amount and a beautiful appearance can be obtained, a titanium or titanium alloy MIG welded structure having a beautiful overall appearance can be constructed.

次に、本発明の実施例について説明するが、実施例の条件は、本発明の実施可能性及び効果を確認するために採用した一条件例であり、本発明は、この一条件例に限定されるものではない。本発明は、本発明の要旨を逸脱せず、本発明の目的を達成する限りにおいて、種々の条件を採用し得るものである。   Next, examples of the present invention will be described. The conditions of the examples are one example of conditions adopted for confirming the feasibility and effects of the present invention, and the present invention is limited to this one example of conditions. Is not to be done. The present invention can adopt various conditions as long as the object of the present invention is achieved without departing from the gist of the present invention.

(実施例1)
(i)下記(1)〜(8)の溶接条件で、チタン板を溶接した。
Example 1
(I) A titanium plate was welded under the following welding conditions (1) to (8).

(1)メインシールドガス:アルゴンガス20L/min
(2)アフターシールドガス:アルゴンガス100L/min
(3)溶接電流(実効値):270A
(4)アーク電圧(実効値):25V
(5)溶接速度:60cm/min
(6)チタンワイヤ径:1.2mmφ
(7)振幅:0.9mm(≒1.2/1.3)
(8)周波数:5Hz
(ii)溶接部の特性は、次のとおりである。
(1) Main shield gas: Argon gas 20 L / min
(2) After shield gas: Argon gas 100 L / min
(3) Welding current (effective value): 270A
(4) Arc voltage (effective value): 25V
(5) Welding speed: 60 cm / min
(6) Titanium wire diameter: 1.2mmφ
(7) Amplitude: 0.9 mm (≒ 1.2 / 1.3)
(8) Frequency: 5Hz
(Ii) The characteristics of the weld are as follows.

(x)蛇行率Z:1.03
(y)スパッタ発生率:20個/10cm
(z)吸収エネルギー(0℃):180J
(iii)上記溶接結果から、上記微小振動条件下において、スパッタ付着量は多いが、ワンダリング現象が抑制され、靭性に優れた溶接部が形成されたことが解かる。
(X) Meander rate Z: 1.03
(Y) Sputter generation rate: 20 pieces / 10 cm
(Z) Absorbed energy (0 ° C.): 180 J
(Iii) From the above welding results, it can be seen that a spatter adhesion amount is large under the above minute vibration conditions, but the wandering phenomenon is suppressed and a welded portion having excellent toughness is formed.

(比較例1)
(i)実施例1の溶接条件(1)〜(6)及び(8)と同じ溶接条件、及び、振幅0.1mm(=1.2/12)で、チタン板を溶接した。
(Comparative Example 1)
(I) A titanium plate was welded under the same welding conditions (1) to (6) and (8) as in Example 1 and an amplitude of 0.1 mm (= 1.2 / 12).

(ii)溶接部の特性は、次のとおりである。   (Ii) The characteristics of the weld are as follows.

(x)蛇行率:1.65
(y)スパッタ発生率:20個/10cm
(z)吸収エネルギー(0℃):溶接ビード形成不良で計測不能
(iii)振幅条件が、本発明で規定する振幅範囲“ワイヤ径(mm)/10〜ワイヤ径(mm)”から外れているため、ワンダリング現象が激しく、溶接部の形状が不良で吸収エネルギーを計測できなかった。
(X) Meander rate: 1.65
(Y) Sputter generation rate: 20 pieces / 10 cm
(Z) Absorbed energy (0 ° C.): Measurement cannot be performed due to poor weld bead formation (iii) The amplitude condition is out of the amplitude range “wire diameter (mm) / 10 to wire diameter (mm)” defined in the present invention. For this reason, the wandering phenomenon was severe, the shape of the weld was poor, and the absorbed energy could not be measured.

(比較例2)
(i)溶接条件は、比較例1と同じであるが、酸化膜で被覆したチタンワイヤを用いて、チタン板を溶接した。
(Comparative Example 2)
(I) The welding conditions are the same as those in Comparative Example 1, but a titanium plate was welded using a titanium wire coated with an oxide film.

(ii)溶接部の特性は、次のとおりである。   (Ii) The characteristics of the weld are as follows.

(x)蛇行率:1.03
(y)スパッタ発生率:20個/10cm
(z)吸収エネルギー(0℃):20J
(iii)振幅条件は、本発明で規定する振幅範囲“ワイヤ径(mm)/10〜ワイヤ径(mm)”から外れているが、酸化膜でチタンワイヤの側面の絶縁性が確保されているので、サブアーク長が短くなり、ワンダリング現象の発現が抑制され、その結果、蛇行率は1.03と略理想値に近い値となった。
(X) Meander rate: 1.03
(Y) Sputter generation rate: 20 pieces / 10 cm
(Z) Absorbed energy (0 ° C): 20J
(Iii) The amplitude condition is out of the amplitude range “wire diameter (mm) / 10−wire diameter (mm)” defined in the present invention, but the insulating property of the side surface of the titanium wire is ensured by the oxide film. Therefore, the sub-arc length is shortened, and the occurrence of the wandering phenomenon is suppressed. As a result, the meandering rate is 1.03, which is a value close to an ideal value.

しかし、溶接部の吸収エネルギーは20Jと極端に低い値となった。これは、溶接部に酸素が吸収され、該酸素による酸化物の形成が溶接部の靭性を阻害したことによると考えられる。   However, the absorbed energy of the weld was an extremely low value of 20J. This is considered to be due to oxygen being absorbed by the weld and the formation of oxides by the oxygen hindering the toughness of the weld.

本発明では、通常のチタンワイヤ又はチタン合金ワイヤを用いるので、上記のような靭性の低下はない。   In the present invention, since a normal titanium wire or titanium alloy wire is used, there is no reduction in toughness as described above.

(実施例2)
(i)実施例1の溶接条件(1)、(2)及び(5)〜(8)と同じ溶接条件で、溶接電流(実効値)を280A、アーク電圧を21Vとして、チタン板を溶接した。
(Example 2)
(I) Welding conditions (1), (2) and the same welding conditions as in (5) to (8) of Example 1 were used to weld a titanium plate with a welding current (effective value) of 280 A and an arc voltage of 21 V. .

(ii)溶接部の特性は、次のとおりである。   (Ii) The characteristics of the weld are as follows.

(x)蛇行率:1.03
(y)スパッタ発生率:0個/10cm
(z)吸収エネルギー(0℃):180J
(iii)上記溶接結果から、上記微小振動条件下において、ワンダリング現象が抑制され、かつ、スパッタ付着のない、靭性に優れた溶接部が形成されたことが解かる。
(X) Meander rate: 1.03
(Y) Sputter generation rate: 0 piece / 10 cm
(Z) Absorbed energy (0 ° C.): 180 J
(Iii) From the above welding results, it can be seen that a welded portion with excellent toughness, in which the wandering phenomenon is suppressed and there is no spatter adhesion, is formed under the minute vibration conditions.

本発明によれば、チタン及びチタン合金材を、形状良好な溶接ビードを形成しつつ、かつ、スパッタの付着なく、しかも、高能率で溶接することができるので、外観に優れた溶接構造物を、低コストで構築することができる。   According to the present invention, it is possible to weld titanium and a titanium alloy material with high efficiency while forming a weld bead having a good shape and without spatter adhesion. Can be built at low cost.

したがって、本発明は、チタン及びチタン合金の溶接構造物のコスト低減及び普及に大きく貢献し、産業上の利用可能性が大きいものである。   Therefore, the present invention greatly contributes to the cost reduction and widespread use of titanium and titanium alloy welded structures, and has great industrial applicability.

蛇行する溶接ビードを示し、蛇行率の定義を説明する図である。It is a figure which shows the meandering welding bead and demonstrates the definition of the meandering rate. 溶接トーチの微小振動態様を模式的に示す図である。It is a figure which shows typically the minute vibration aspect of a welding torch. 溶接トーチの微小振動によりサブアークが消失する態様を模式的に示す図である。(a)は、溶接トーチが振動せず、サブアーク長が長いアーク態様を示し、(b)は、微小振動によりサブアークが消失したアーク態様を示す。It is a figure which shows typically the aspect from which a subarc lose | disappears by the minute vibration of a welding torch. (A) shows an arc mode in which the welding torch does not vibrate and the sub-arc length is long, and (b) shows an arc mode in which the sub-arc disappears due to minute vibrations. 蛇行率と振幅/ワイヤ径(微小振動条件)の関係を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the relationship between a meander rate and an amplitude / wire diameter (micro vibration condition). 蛇行率と周波数(微小振動条件)の関係を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the relationship between a meander rate and a frequency (micro vibration condition). 溶接電流、溶接電圧(アーク電圧)及びスパッタ付着量の相関を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the correlation of a welding current, a welding voltage (arc voltage), and spatter adhesion amount.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1…溶接ワイヤ
2…メインアーク
3…サブアーク
4…微小振動
5…溶接トーチ
6…溶接進行方
7…被溶接材
B…溶接ビード
W…溶接ビード幅
Wmax…最大蛇行幅
1 ... welding wire 2 ... main arc 3 ... Sabuaku 4 ... small vibrations 5 ... welding torch 6 ... welding proceeds row direction 7 ... workpieces B ... weld bead W ... weld bead width Wmax ... maximum meandering width

Claims (7)

アルゴン雰囲気中で、かつ被溶接材料面の上方からアークを発生し、チタン又はチタン合金をMIG溶接する溶接方法において、溶接トーチを、溶接進行方向を横断する方向に、
(a)振幅:ワイヤ径(mm)/10〜ワイヤ径(mm)、及び、
(b)周波数:3Hz以上
の条件で微小振動させ、ワンダリング現象による被溶接材料面上での溶接ビードの蛇行を下式で定義する蛇行率(Z)が、0.9以上1.1以下の溶接ビードを形成することを特徴とするチタン又はチタン合金の微小振動MIG溶接方法。
Z=最大蛇行幅/(1/2ビード幅)
最大蛇行幅:ビード中心線から最も大きく外れた溶接ビードの最外側端とビード
中心線との距離
In a welding method in which an arc is generated from above the material to be welded in an argon atmosphere, and titanium or a titanium alloy is MIG welded, the welding torch is moved in a direction crossing the welding progress direction,
(A) Amplitude: wire diameter (mm) / 10 to wire diameter (mm), and
(B) The meandering rate (Z) defining the meandering of the weld bead on the surface of the material to be welded due to the wandering phenomenon by the following formula: Frequency: 0.9 to 1.1 A micro-vibration MIG welding method of titanium or a titanium alloy, characterized by forming a weld bead of
Z = maximum meandering width / (1/2 bead width)
Maximum meandering width: the outermost edge of the weld bead farthest from the bead centerline and the bead
Distance from center line
前記ワイヤ径(mm)が、0.9〜1.6mmであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のチタン又はチタン合金の微小振動MIG溶接方法。   The micro vibration MIG welding method of titanium or titanium alloy according to claim 1, wherein the wire diameter (mm) is 0.9 to 1.6 mm. 前記周波数の上限が50Hzであることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のチタン又はチタン合金の微小振動MIG溶接方法。   3. The method of micro vibration MIG welding of titanium or titanium alloy according to claim 1, wherein the upper limit of the frequency is 50 Hz. 前記横断する方向が、溶接進行方向と直角をなす方向であることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のチタン又はチタン合金の微小振動MIG溶接方法。   The micro vibration MIG welding method of titanium or a titanium alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the transverse direction is a direction perpendicular to the welding progress direction. 前記条件で溶接トーチを微小振動させる際、溶接電流を実効値で、
(c1)240A/mm2以上、
とすることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載のチタン又はチタン合金の微小振動MIG溶接方法。
When vibrating the welding torch under the above conditions, the welding current is an effective value,
(C1) 240 A / mm 2 or more,
The method of micro-vibration MIG welding of titanium or a titanium alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
前記条件で溶接トーチを微小振動させる際、溶接電流及び溶接電圧を実効値で、それぞれ、
(c2)275A/mm2以上、及び、
(d1)21.0V超23.5V以下
とすることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載のチタン又はチタン合金の微小振動MIG溶接方法。
When microvibrating the welding torch under the above conditions, the welding current and welding voltage are effective values, respectively.
(C2) 275 A / mm 2 or more, and
(D1) More than 21.0V and 23.5V or less, The micro vibration MIG welding method of titanium or a titanium alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
前記条件で溶接トーチを微小振動させる際、溶接電流及び溶接電圧を実効値で、それぞれ、
(c2)275A/mm2以上、及び、
(d2)21.0V以下
とすることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載のチタン又はチタン合金の微小振動MIG溶接方法。
When microvibrating the welding torch under the above conditions, the welding current and welding voltage are effective values, respectively.
(C2) 275 A / mm 2 or more, and
(D2) 21.0V or less, The minute vibration MIG welding method of the titanium or titanium alloy of any one of Claims 1-4 characterized by the above-mentioned.
JP2004010990A 2004-01-19 2004-01-19 Microvibration MIG welding method of titanium or titanium alloy Expired - Fee Related JP4394965B2 (en)

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