JP4402240B2 - Embossed sheet creation method and data generation apparatus - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a method for automatically creating an embossed sheet having a surface shape having a large number of cells using a computer, and a data generating apparatus for creating such a sheet.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Nowadays, in many products such as shoes, bags, and wallets, synthetic leather is used on the surface instead of genuine leather or cloth. The surface of this synthetic leather is covered with a polyurethane resin, and the polyurethane resin has a leather-like or fabric-like three-dimensional shape, thereby enhancing the design of a product that is a synthetic leather.
Among these, the leather-like polyurethane resin is produced by transferring the unevenness of a leather-like three-dimensional sheet to the polyurethane resin to give fine unevenness for expressing the leather. The details of the method of giving irregularities to the polyurethane resin from a sheet having irregularities such as a leather-like sheet are also described in JP-B-62-41794.
The leather-like sheet that is the basis for making this leather-like polyurethane resin is obtained by taking the actual leather with a silicone resin, transferring the shape to the metal based on the die, and then repeatedly transferring it to the embossing cylinder. It is created by embossing.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The above-described conventional technique for producing a leather-like sheet has the following various problems. First, since it is necessary to take a leather mold, actual leather must be prepared. In other words, it is not possible to freely design and create leather that does not actually exist. Also, if there are wrinkles or kinks in the leather, it will be replicated together. In addition, since it is necessary to repeat the transfer in the production process, the final leather-like undulation is reduced.
[0004]
In view of the above points, the present invention is a cell-like embossed sheet having a sufficient depth and having a leather-like three-dimensional shape without wrinkles or kinks, particularly a ray-like leather, using a computer. It is an object of the present invention to provide an embossed sheet creating method and a data creating apparatus for creating an embossed sheet that can create an embossed sheet expressing leather having the structure described below with a free design.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, in the inventions according to claims 1 and 3, parameters relating to the size of a reference region defined by a two-dimensional plane and the number of cells that are closed regions surrounded by a plurality of sides are input. According to the input parameters, the generating points are arranged on the reference area, and the reference area is divided into a plurality of polygons by Voronoi division using the generating points, and each polygon obtained by the division is used. By providing a dividing point on each side, moving the dividing point in a direction perpendicular to the side, deforming the polygon, and reducing the distance between each vertex and the inner base point of each polygon, The contracted polygon is divided into a plurality of triangles whose apexes are the generating points inside the polygon, and it is determined which of the triangles generated by the division all coordinate points on the reference region are included in. identified, the mother point of the particular triangle The highest point, a predetermined mother points and opposite sides high Satoshi, based on the height difference between the base point and the base point and the opposite sides, exists between the sides facing the base point and the base point As a result of obtaining the height which is the value of each coordinate point and obtaining the height for all coordinate points in the reference area, a cell shape obtained from the xy coordinates of the reference area and the height in the direction perpendicular to the reference area to obtain a plurality of binary data by each binarized three-dimensional shape of a plurality of threshold values of the height direction, a plurality of stages by performing a plurality of times of etching based on a plurality of binary data obtained The embossing cylinder is prepared, and the embossing process is performed by the embossing cylinder to create a sheet. In the first and third aspects of the invention, a cellular three-dimensional shape is generated to represent ray leather and the like, and the cellular three-dimensional shape is binarized with a plurality of threshold values. Since a plurality of binary data is obtained and a sheet is created based on the obtained plurality of binary data, it is possible to create an embossed sheet having a cell structure with no wrinkles.
[0006]
According to the second and fourth aspects of the present invention, parameters relating to the size of the reference region defined by the two-dimensional plane and the number of cells that are closed regions surrounded by a plurality of sides are input, and the cells are input according to the input parameters. A generating point is arranged on a reference area, the reference area is divided into a plurality of polygons by Voronoi division using the generating point, and a dividing point is set on each side of each polygon obtained by the division. The polygon is deformed by moving the division point in a direction perpendicular to the side, and each polygon is shrunk by reducing the distance between each vertex and the inner base point. The polygon is divided into a plurality of triangles whose vertices are the internal points of the polygon, and all the coordinate points on the reference area are identified among the triangles generated by the division, and the identified triangle the highest point of the mother point, facing the mother point The predetermined high Satoshi, based on the height difference between the sides facing the base point and the base point, the height is the value of each coordinate point existing between the sides facing the base point and the base point As a result of obtaining the height with respect to all coordinate points in the reference region, the xy coordinates of the reference region and the cellular solid shape obtained by the height in the direction perpendicular to the reference region are values in the height direction. To obtain multi-value data by sampling at a predetermined stage, and based on the obtained multi-value data, create an emboss cylinder having a plurality of stages by engraving the cylinder with an engraving device, The sheet is produced by embossing with an embossing cylinder . In the second and fourth aspects of the invention, a cellular solid shape is generated in order to express rayon leather and the like, and the cellular solid shape is set to a predetermined stage with a value in the height direction. Since multivalued data is obtained by sampling and a sheet is created based on the obtained multivalued data, it is possible to create an embossed sheet having a cell structure without wrinkles.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
(First embodiment)
First, a first embodiment of a method for creating an embossed sheet according to the present invention will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. First, in step S1, a cellular solid shape is generated. Here, a cellular solid shape is generated in a three-dimensional space by expressing a large number of cells in the set reference region. In this specification, a cell means a closed region surrounded by a plurality of sides in a reference region, and a cellular solid shape means a distribution of heights perpendicular to the reference region plane in each cell. It means the entire three-dimensional shape in the reference area obtained by giving. The cellular solid shape generated in step S1 becomes a two-dimensional scalar field having a predetermined value (scalar value) at each point in the reference region defined by the two-dimensional plane.
[0008]
Next, in step S2, data obtained by binarizing the irregularities due to the cells is generated using a plane parallel to the generated reference region of the cellular solid shape as a threshold. A plurality of binary data is generated by using a plurality of threshold values. Subsequently, in step S3, using a plurality of generated binary data, multistage etching, that is, etching is performed a plurality of times to create an emboss cylinder having a plurality of stages. Furthermore, in step S4, a cellular embossed sheet is obtained by embossing the sheet.
[0009]
Here, the generation of the cellular three-dimensional shape in step S1 will be described using the flowchart of FIG. First, in step S11, parameters are input. As parameters, the reference area size width × height, the number of cells np, and the maximum cell height hp are input. The reference area size width × height indicates the size of the entire area that generates the cellular solid shape, and is regularly arranged in a grid pattern in the reference area and specified by xy coordinates (defined as coordinate points). Indicates the number of Later, each coordinate point is given a scalar value as the height. Since a value is defined for each coordinate point regularly arranged, it can be interpreted that the reference region is composed of width × height pixels.
[0010]
The cell number np indicates the number of cells generated in the reference area. The cell maximum height hp indicates the height of the highest part of the cell, and is the same for all cells in this embodiment. The fluctuation control parameters nd and max set the division number nd of each side in step S14 and the maximum value max of the movement amount of each division point.
[0011]
Subsequently, based on the set parameters, mother points are arranged on the reference area (step S12). The mother point is a point that later becomes the apex (highest point) of the cell. For this reason, np generating points equal to the number of cells set in step S11 are arranged. The generating point is arranged on the reference area according to a predetermined rule. As a method for arranging a certain point in a predetermined region, a number of known methods can be appropriately used. For example, it is possible to select and arrange np randomly from the coordinate points on the reference area, or after tentatively determining the arrangement position at a predetermined interval, the position moved from the tentative determination position by a value determined by a random number It can also be determined as an arrangement position. The latter is preferable in order to generate cells at a certain interval.
[0012]
Subsequently, a reference area is divided into a large number of polygons by drawing straight lines that are equidistant from the two generating points between the generating points (step S13). This division method is generally called Voronoi division, and is a well-known method used for geographic information processing and the like, so detailed description thereof is omitted.
[0013]
Next, about all the polygons obtained by the process of step S13, all the sides are divided into nd (step S14). This division number nd is the fluctuation control parameter nd set in step S11. Specifically, (nd-1) division points that divide the sides into nd equal intervals are moved in the direction perpendicular to the sides. FIG. 3 shows a state of division when nd = 3. It is preferable to apply a function having fluctuation such as fractal to the movement amount of each division point so that the movement amount of the adjacent division points changes smoothly. At this time, in step S11, by setting the maximum value max of the movement distance, it is possible to prevent the polygon from being deformed excessively.
[0014]
Next, each polygon is contracted (step S15). Since each side constituting the polygon is also a side of an adjacent polygon, each side is duplicated in advance so that each side is unique to each polygon. Subsequently, each polygon is actually contracted. First, let rm be the distance from the mother point of a vertex (Voronoi point and dividing point) closest to the mother point in a certain polygon. Then, each vertex which comprises a polygon is moved so that it may approach a mother point based on the following (Formula 1).
[0015]
(Formula 1)
rn = (r + rm) / 2
[0016]
In (Equation 1), r represents the original distance between the vertex and the base point, and rn represents the distance after contraction. In this example, only the vertex at the shortest distance from the mother point does not move. By the processing in step S15, each polygon is slightly rounded and a gap is formed between the polygons. That is, a cell (polygon) and other areas are formed.
[0017]
Subsequently, each polygon is divided into a plurality of triangles (step S16). This division is performed by connecting a vertex of the polygon (Voronoi point and division point) and a generating point inside the polygon with a line segment. For example, when the polygon is a hexagon, it is divided into six triangles. The created triangle is held as vector data for each line segment. By the processing from steps S11 to S16, a large number of polygons are arranged in the reference area so as not to contact other polygons, and each polygon is spread with a plurality of triangles.
[0018]
Next, for each pixel in the reference area, which triangle is included in each pixel is specified (step S17). Since the pixel actually has a size, for the calculation, a point corresponding to the center of the pixel is used as a coordinate point, and each coordinate point is included in which triangle among the triangles created on the reference area. This is done by specifying The specification of the triangle is performed as follows. First, attention is paid to a certain triangle abc composed of vertices a, b, and c. At this time, as shown in FIG. 4A, when the target coordinate point w is inside the triangle abc, the vector outer product (vector ab) × (vector aw), (vector bc) × (vector bw), ( The signs of the direction components perpendicular to the reference area of the vector ca) × (vector cw) all match. There is only one triangle that satisfies this condition, or there is no triangle for a certain coordinate point, so whether or not the coordinate point of interest belongs to any triangle, and if so, to which triangle Whether it belongs will be specified.
[0019]
Subsequently, the height of the target coordinate point is calculated using the triangle to which the target coordinate point belongs (step S18). Since the triangle on the reference area is formed by connecting each vertex of the polygon generated by the division and the mother point as described above, one of the vertices becomes the highest point of the cell, and the reference point Has a height hp relative to the region. Further, the heights of two vertices other than the vertices serving as cell vertices are assumed to be on the reference area. For example, in the triangle abc shown in FIG. 4A, if the vertex a is a generating point, that is, the highest point of the cell, the height of the vertex a is hp, and the line segment bc is on the reference region and has a height. Becomes 0, and the height gradually changes from the vertex a toward the side bc.
[0020]
In such a triangle abc, a point where a straight line connecting the vertex a and the target coordinate point w intersects the side bc is p. The relationship between each point at this time is shown in FIG. Since the point p is on the side bc, the height is 0 and the vertex a is the height hp. At this time, the height h (w) of the coordinate point of interest w is calculated using the following (Equation 2).
[0021]
(Formula 2)
k (x, y) = hp × | aw | / | ap |
h (x, y) = F (k (x, y))
[0022]
In (Equation 2), F (k) is a function that determines the degree of change in height, and this determines the roundness of the shape in the height direction of the cell. For example, F (k) = hp × {1− (k / hp) ⁵ } can be used.
[0023]
The processing of step S17 and step S18 is performed on the coordinate points corresponding to all the pixels (x, y) on the reference region, that is, all the pixels (x, y) satisfying 1 ≦ x ≦ width and 1 ≦ y ≦ height. The height h (x, y) at each pixel (x, y) is calculated. In step S17, the height h (x, y) = 0 is set for a pixel having a coordinate point determined not to belong to the triangle. Through the above processing, a cellular solid shape in which a large number of convex cells are formed on the reference region is generated.
[0024]
Next, returning to the flowchart of FIG. 1, step S2 will be described. In step S2, a plurality of binary data is created based on the cellular three-dimensional shape generated in step S1. First, as a pre-processing for generating binary data, the cell-like three-dimensional shape is expanded to the size of the embossed cylinder to be created by performing a joining process using the reference region as a unit. At this time, it is preferable to perform an endless process in which the value smoothly changes in the vicinity of the joint so that the joint between the reference regions does not stand out. Since the joining process for enlarging by repeatedly arranging and joining images of a predetermined size in this manner and the endless process for making the joints inconspicuous are well-known techniques, a detailed description is given here. Is omitted. Subsequently, binary data of the same size is generated for the cellular solid shape having the same size as the embossed cylinder, with the height direction as a threshold value. For example, when the height direction is the z-axis, z values are taken at predetermined intervals, and binary data for each threshold value is generated. An example of the binary data obtained in step S2 is shown in FIG. FIG. 8 shows data obtained by binarizing the cellular three-dimensional shape generated in step S1 with four threshold values, and the area expressed in white is the inside of the cell. Also, the data becomes lower right, upper right, lower left, and upper left in order from the smallest set threshold.
[0025]
In step S3, an embossing cylinder is created by performing printing using a technique such as etching using the generated binary data. Here, since the etching is performed by the binary data obtained in step S2, an emboss cylinder having a plurality of stages is created.
[0026]
In step S4, the sheet is embossed by the obtained embossing cylinder. Thus, an embossed sheet having a cellular solid shape is completed.
[0027]
Here, an apparatus configuration of the emboss sheet creation data generation apparatus according to the first embodiment will be described. FIG. 5 shows a functional block diagram of an emboss sheet creation data generation apparatus. This apparatus is composed of a parameter input means 1, a cellular solid shape generating means 2, a binarizing means 3, and a multi-stage etching means 4. The cellular solid shape generating means 2 includes a generating point arranging part 5, a polygon dividing part. 6, a polygon contracting unit 7, a triangle dividing unit 8, a triangle specifying unit 9, and a height calculating unit 10.
[0028]
The parameter input means 1 is for inputting parameters as described in step S11 of FIG. 2, and is actually realized by an input device such as a keyboard or a mouse. The cellular three-dimensional shape generation means 2 performs the processing from step S12 to step S18 in FIG. 2, and the generating point placement unit 5, the polygon division unit 6, and the polygon contraction unit in the cellular three-dimensional shape generation means 2 7, the triangle division unit 8, the triangle identification unit 9, and the height calculation unit 10 have a function of performing the processes of Step S <b> 12, Step S <b> 13, Steps S <b> 14 to S <b> 15, Step S <b> 16, Step S <b> 17, and Step S <b> 18 in FIG. The cellular solid shape generating means 2 is realized by a computer, and the generating point arranging unit 5, the polygon dividing unit 6, the polygon contracting unit 7, the triangular dividing unit 8, the triangle specifying unit 9, and the height calculating unit 10 are respectively This is realized by installing a dedicated program on the computer. The binarization means 3 performs the process of step S2 in FIG. 1, and is realized by mounting a dedicated program on the computer. The multi-stage etching means 4 executes the process of step S3 in FIG. 1, and is realized by executing a plurality of times while adjusting the normal etching process.
[0029]
(Second Embodiment)
Next, a second embodiment of the embossed sheet creation method of the present invention will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. As can be seen by comparing the flowchart of FIG. 1 and the flowchart of FIG. 6, in the second embodiment, steps S1 and S4 are the same as the first embodiment, and instead of steps S2 and S3, step S5, The process of step S6 is performed. For this reason, only the processes in steps S5 and S6 will be described here.
[0030]
When the cellular solid shape is generated in step S1, a plurality of z values are determined in step S5 as in step S2. However, instead of using z as a threshold value here, sampling is performed using a plurality of z values to generate multi-value data having the reference region as the image size. For example, when multi-value data is generated using n z values, multi-value data having values from 0 to n is obtained.
[0031]
Subsequently, in step S6, the cylinder is engraved by an engraving apparatus such as an NC machine tool based on the generated multi-value data to create an embossed cylinder having a plurality of stages.
[0032]
In step S4, as in the first embodiment, the sheet is embossed by the obtained emboss cylinder.
[0033]
Next, the device configuration of the emboss sheet creation data generation device according to the second embodiment will be described. FIG. 7 shows a functional block diagram of an emboss sheet creation data generation apparatus according to the second embodiment. This apparatus includes a parameter input unit 1, a cellular solid shape generation unit 2, a sampling unit 11, and an engraving unit 12. Among these, the components denoted by the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 5 have the same functions as those in the first embodiment, and thus description thereof is omitted.
[0034]
The sampling means 11 performs the process of step S5 in FIG. 6, and is realized by mounting a dedicated program on the computer. The engraving means 12 executes the process of step S6 in FIG. 6, and a commercially available engraving apparatus such as an NC machine tool can be applied.
[0035]
In the embossed sheet obtained as a final product, the size of each cell preferable in terms of design is about 0.2 to 0.5 mm in diameter and the height is about 0.05 to 0.30 mm. Therefore, in practice, it is preferable to set parameters in consideration of these. At that time, it is necessary to consider the image resolution (pixels / mm) affected by the apparatus.
[0036]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, in accordance with the input parameters, a generating point that is a vertex of a cell is arranged on a reference region, and the reference region is divided into a plurality of polygons using the generating point. , Each polygon is contracted in the direction of the internal point of the polygon, the contracted polygon is divided into a plurality of triangles having the internal point of the polygon as a vertex, and each coordinate point on the reference area is divided by the division. Identify which of the generated triangles is included, determine the height of the coordinate point based on the height difference between the base point of the specified triangle and the side facing the base point, and Obtaining a plurality of binary data by binarizing the cellular solid shape obtained as a result of obtaining the height with respect to the coordinate points with a plurality of threshold values, and based on the obtained plurality of binary data Create a cell-like three-dimensional shape value in the height direction Since multi-value data is obtained by sampling at a predetermined stage and a sheet is created based on the obtained multi-value data, it is possible to create an embossed sheet with a cell structure without wrinkles or distortion. It becomes possible.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a first embodiment of a method for producing an embossed sheet according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing details of step S1 in FIG.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of division of each side and provision of fluctuation in step S14 of FIG. 2;
4 is an explanatory diagram of processing in steps S17 and S18 of FIG.
FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram of a first embodiment of an emboss sheet creation data generation device of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a second embodiment of a method for creating an embossed sheet according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a functional block diagram of a second embodiment of an emboss sheet creation data generation device of the present invention.
8 is a diagram illustrating an example of binary data generated in step S2 of FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Parameter input means 2 ... Cell-like solid shape generation means 3 ... Binarization means 4 ... Multistage etching means 5 ... Mother point arrangement | positioning part 6 ... Polygon division | segmentation part 7 .. Polygon contraction part 8 ... Triangular division part 9 ... Triangle specifying part 10 ... Height calculation part 11 ... Sampling means 12 ... Engraving means

Claims (4)

Inputting parameters relating to the size of the reference region defined by the two-dimensional plane, the number of cells that are closed regions surrounded by a plurality of sides, and
The mother points according to the input parameters the apex of the cell, and placing on the reference area,
Dividing the reference region into a plurality of polygons by Voronoi division using the generating point;
For each polygon obtained by dividing the division point provided on each side, by moving the dividing point to the side perpendicular direction, and the steps you deforming the polygon,
Contracting each polygon by reducing the distance between each vertex and the interior base;
Dividing the contracted polygon into a plurality of triangles having the interior generating point as a vertex;
Identifying which of the triangles generated by the division all the coordinate points on the reference area are included in;
Based on the difference in height between the generating point and the side facing the generating point, the generating point of the identified triangle is the highest point, the side facing the generating point is a predetermined height, and the generating point Obtaining a height which is a value of each coordinate point existing between opposing sides ;
As a result of obtaining the height with respect to all coordinate points in the reference region, the xy coordinates of the reference region and the cellular solid shape obtained by the height in the direction perpendicular to the reference region are obtained with a plurality of threshold values in the height direction. Obtaining a plurality of binary data by binarizing each ;
Performing etching a plurality of times based on a plurality of obtained binary data to create an embossed cylinder having a plurality of steps, performing embossing with the embossed cylinder to create a sheet,
A method for producing an embossed sheet, comprising: Inputting parameters relating to the size of the reference region defined by the two-dimensional plane, the number of cells that are closed regions surrounded by a plurality of sides, and
The mother points according to the input parameters the apex of the cell, and placing on the reference area,
Dividing the reference region into a plurality of polygons by Voronoi division using the generating point;
For each polygon obtained by dividing the division point provided on each side, by moving the dividing point to the side perpendicular direction, and the steps you deforming the polygon,
Contracting each polygon by reducing the distance between each vertex and the interior base;
Dividing the contracted polygon into a plurality of triangles having the interior generating point as a vertex;
Identifying which of the triangles generated by the division all the coordinate points on the reference area are included in;
Based on the difference in height between the generating point and the side facing the generating point, the generating point of the identified triangle is the highest point, the side facing the generating point is a predetermined height, and the generating point Obtaining a height which is a value of each coordinate point existing between opposing sides ;
As a result of obtaining the height with respect to all coordinate points in the reference area, a cellular solid shape obtained from the xy coordinates of the reference area and the height in the direction perpendicular to the reference area is set to a predetermined value in the height direction. Obtaining multi-valued data by sampling in stages,
Based on the obtained multivalued data , engraving the cylinder with an engraving device to create an embossed cylinder having a plurality of steps, and performing embossing with the embossed cylinder to create a sheet;
A method for producing an embossed sheet, comprising: An input means for inputting a parameter relating to the size of a reference area defined by a two-dimensional plane and the number of cells that are closed areas surrounded by a plurality of sides ;
Mother point as a vertex of the cell according to the input parameters, the ability to place on the reference area, the function of dividing into a plurality of polygons by Voronoi dividing the reference area using the mother points, divided the division point provided on each side of each polygon obtained by, by moving the dividing point to the side perpendicular direction, a function for deforming the polygon, each polygon, each vertex and internal mother The function of contracting by reducing the distance from the point , the function of dividing the contracted polygon into a plurality of triangles whose vertices are the internal points, and all coordinate points on the reference area are divided A function to specify which of the generated triangles is included, the generating point of the specified triangle is the highest point, the side opposite to the generating point is a predetermined height, and the generating point is opposed to the generating point based on the difference in height between the sides, the base point It has a function of obtaining the height of the value of each coordinate point existing between the mother points and opposite sides, the xy coordinates of the reference area, the reference area and the cellular solid obtained by the vertical height A cellular solid shape generating means for generating a shape;
Binarization means for obtaining a plurality of binary data by binarizing each of the cellular three-dimensional shapes with a plurality of threshold values in the height direction ;
A data generation device for creating an embossed sheet. An input means for inputting a parameter relating to the size of a reference area defined by a two-dimensional plane and the number of cells that are closed areas surrounded by a plurality of sides ;
Mother point as a vertex of the cell according to the input parameters, the ability to place on the reference area, the function of dividing into a plurality of polygons by Voronoi dividing the reference area using the mother points, divided the division point provided on each side of each polygon obtained by, by moving the dividing point to the side perpendicular direction, a function for deforming the polygon, each polygon, each vertex and internal mother The function of contracting by reducing the distance from the point , the function of dividing the contracted polygon into a plurality of triangles whose vertices are the internal points, and all coordinate points on the reference area are divided A function to specify which of the generated triangles is included, the generating point of the specified triangle is the highest point, the side opposite to the generating point is a predetermined height, and the generating point is opposed to the generating point based on the difference in height between the sides, the base point It has a function of obtaining the height of the value of each coordinate point existing between the mother points and opposite sides, the xy coordinates of the reference area, the reference area and the cellular solid obtained by the vertical height A cellular solid shape generating means for generating a shape;
A multi-value conversion means for obtaining multi-value data by sampling the cellular solid shape at a predetermined stage with the value in the height direction;
A data generation device for creating an embossed sheet.

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