JP4408657B2 - Structure learning experience apparatus and method for creating the same - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a dynamic model used when explaining deformation to a stress of a building such as a house or providing technical education to a related person.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The frame of a building such as a house is composed of pillars and beams. In particular, a truss structure, a ramen structure, a brace structure, etc. are generally used for steel structures. In addition, there are structures equipped with energy absorbers such as “earthquake resistant elements” developed independently by construction companies and housing manufacturers. If there is knowledge of structural mechanics here, it is possible to understand, but otherwise it will not be easy to understand even if explanation is received. In particular, if the joint is one or a joint on a plane, it is possible to understand relatively the flow of force and the nature of the deformation, but if you are thinking about deformation of a three-dimensional structural model, you are not an expert. It can be said that it is extremely difficult.
[0003]
Conventionally, a structural model has been described on paper. In this case, the magnitude of deformation and force is generally expressed by the length and direction of the arrow, but there is a problem that there is no real feeling on the page and it is difficult to understand intuitively.
[0004]
In the past, there have been mechanical models that experience deformation using physical structural models. For example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2002-91294 discloses a monocoque structure strength experience device. This is a comparison between a model body in which a transparent film is pasted on a rubber column and beam, and a column support structure made of a rubber column and beam, and a force applied.
[0005]
However, the present invention is not limited to the above-described conventional example. Conventional mechanical models are generally created exclusively, and it is difficult to change the form and configuration, and only a typical configuration is experienced. Moreover, since it was manufactured exclusively, the price was also expensive.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a structural learning experience device that can experience the deformation of a building such as a house without requiring special materials, techniques, and knowledge. In particular, it is intended to provide a device that can reproduce the characteristics of pin joints with a simple structure and that can experience changes in the deformation characteristics of the frame depending on the presence or absence of braces or seismic elements.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a typical structure of the structural learning experience apparatus according to the present invention is the dynamics of a building in which a main frame such as a column or a beam is formed by a tubular member made of a cylindrical cross section and a thin resin. The model is characterized in that pin joining is reproduced by incising an end portion of one tube member and joining another tube member to the bent portion. Thereby, pin joint can be reproduced with respect to beams or columns in a plurality of directions.
[0008]
Another typical configuration of the structural learning experience device according to the present invention is a dynamic model of a building in which a main frame such as a column or a beam is formed by a pipe member made of a cylindrical resin and a thin resin, It is characterized in that the pin joint is reproduced by bending it in a substantially L shape in the middle of one pipe member. Thereby, the characteristic of pin joining can be reproduced very easily by making use of the characteristics of the pipe member.
[0009]
The tube member is a drinking straw. Thereby, an inexpensive and general material can be used.
[0010]
The tube member is formed of polypropylene. In general, many drinking straws are made of polystyrene or polypropylene, but polypropylene is more elastic and more easily deformed and is suitable for repeated use.
[0011]
Also, Of the pillar made of the pipe member The column base , Using adhesive tape, Installation surface Tori It is characterized by having been attached. Moreover, the column base part of the column comprised with the said pipe member is inserted in the hole provided in the installation surface, and was attached to this installation surface, It is characterized by the above-mentioned. Further, one end of a clip made of a rotating rod member is extended to form a rotating portion and a protruding portion, the rotating portion is press-fitted into an end portion that becomes a column base portion of the tube member, and the protruding portion is set on an installation surface. Alternatively, it may be inserted. Thereby, when a horizontal force is applied to the housing, it is possible to experience that a pulling force acts on the pillar portion.
[0012]
Also Said The column base may be attached to one end of a clip made of a rotating bar member on a mounting surface by a stapler so as to be swingable, and the other end of the clip may be press-fitted into an end serving as a column base of the tube member. . Furthermore, it is also possible to combine two clips made of rotating rod members, attach one clip to the installation surface, and press-fit the other clip into the end portion that becomes the column base portion of the tube member. Thereby, a column base part can be held rotatably and pin joint can be reproduced.
[0013]
Further, the installation surface is constituted by an elastic member that can be easily deformed. Thereby, it is possible to observe the pull-out force of the column base without breaking the model.
[0014]
Also, a thread-like or belt-like member that can be easily broken Made of the pipe member The brace is reproduced by passing diagonally between the pillars. As a result, it is possible to experience the change in the state of deformation due to the presence or absence of the brace and the force applied by the break of the brace. Moreover, the repair of a broken part is easy and suitable for repeated use. In particular, when a paper tape is used for the belt-shaped member, it can be easily restored with an adhesive tape.
[0015]
Also, clips are attached to both ends of the belt-like member that can be easily broken, the clip is composed of a bar member that circulates, and has a straight portion that is a short side, and both ends of the belt-like member are wound around the straight portion of the clip. Attaching, attaching the clips at both ends to the pipe member constituting the main frame, Made of the pipe member The brace is reproduced by passing the belt-like member diagonally between the columns. Thereby, a brace can be comprised, without using an adhesive tape.
[0016]
Further, using a string-like member provided with rigid portions at both ends, the rigid portion is inserted into the opening of the end portion of the pipe member constituting the main frame, Made of the pipe member The brace is reproduced by passing the string-like member diagonally between the columns. As a result, a brace that is easy to assemble and can be used repeatedly can be configured.
[0017]
In addition, the bellows portion of the bent straw is used as the portion of the seismic element that receives the shear stress when the casing is deformed. By using the bellows portion, the straw can be deformed in the shear direction. Further, since a part of the straw is used, it can be manufactured at low cost.
[0018]
Further, in order to reproduce a cantilever projecting in a perpendicular direction from a column or a beam, a tube member that becomes a cantilever and a reinforcement that is attached to the fixed end side of the cantilever in the direction of extending the cantilever A pipe member that serves as a beam, and divides the opposite ends of the tube member that serves as a cantilever beam and a reinforcing beam into two parts, and sandwiches the pipe member that constitutes the column or beam between the divided parts. It is characterized by being joined by. It is an example of a structure of the part of a cantilever.
[0019]
Further, the plurality of pipe members are linearly connected by crushing the end of one pipe member into a wedge shape or making a cut and inserting it into the opening of another pipe member. Since a length may be limited when a general-purpose member is used, this is an example of a configuration for creating a longer member.
[0020]
In addition, a typical configuration of the method for creating a structural learning experience apparatus according to the present invention is to create a mechanical model of a building in which a main frame such as a column or a beam is formed of a tubular member made of a cylindrical cross-section and a thin resin. In the method of reproducing the pin connection of the column beam connection, the tube member is bent in a substantially L shape in the middle in one direction, and the other tube member is added to the bent portion in the other direction. It is characterized in that the end portions of the two are joined together with an adhesive tape. Thereby, the characteristic of pin joining can be reproduced very easily by making use of the characteristics of the pipe member.
[0021]
In addition, another typical configuration of the method for creating the structural learning experience device according to the present invention is a dynamic model of a building in which a main frame such as a column or a beam is formed by a tubular member made of a cylindrical cross section and a thin resin. In the part that reproduces the pin connection of the column beam connection, the end part of one pipe member is incised, and the incised part is bent in the direction of expanding, and the bent part and the end part of another pipe member Are bonded with an adhesive tape. Thereby, pin joint can be reproduced with respect to beams or columns in a plurality of directions.
[0022]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[First embodiment]
A first embodiment of a structural learning experience apparatus and a method for creating the same according to the present invention will be described.
[0023]
(Overall schematic configuration)
FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a structural learning experience apparatus according to the present embodiment. An actual building such as a house has a complicated configuration including a plurality of rooms. In the present embodiment, a minimum configuration including columns and beams for one room will be described. This minimum configuration is called a grid.
[0024]
As shown in FIG. 1, one grid includes a column 1, a beam 2, a rigid floor 3, a brace 4, and a seismic element 5. In the present embodiment, the connection between the column 1 and the beam 2 reproduces the pin connection. Each will be described below.
[0025]
(Materials used)
FIG. 2 is a view for explaining materials to be used. The column 1, the beam 2, the seismic element 5, etc. use a drinking straw 10 as a pipe member made of a resin having a cylindrical cross section and a thin wall. Further, as will be described later, a bending straw 11 having a bellows portion 11a is also used for the earthquake resistant element 5.
[0026]
The straw 10 is advantageous in that it is generally sold at a low price and easily available, and is lightweight and easy to process. Moreover, since the straw 10 is cylindrical, it is also advantageous to be strong against axial force and bending.
[0027]
As a material of the straw 10, generally, many beverage straws are commercially available in polystyrene or polypropylene. However, polypropylene is preferable because it has elasticity and is easy to experience deformation. Specifically, when comparing compressive strength, polystyrene is 980 [kg / cm ² ], 400-550 [kg / cm for polypropylene ² ] About. The flexural modulus is 3.5 [kg / cm for polystyrene. ² ], Polypropylene 1.2-2.1 [kg / cm ² ] About. This is because polystyrene tends to withstand the load and bend more rapidly at a certain point. On the contrary, polypropylene is rich in elasticity and bends due to the load, but is not easily broken and is restored when the load is removed. Accordingly, polypropylene is more suitable for reproducing the deflection of the beam and the buckling of the column. The diameter of the straw 10 is preferably about 5 to 7 mm. This is because if it is too thin, it is difficult to work and it is difficult to bond with the adhesive tape 12.
[0028]
As the hard floor 3, a cardboard 30 or a styrene plate 31 is used. The rigid floor 3 is a floor surface that is assumed not to be deformed, and is assumed to be an installation surface of the frame.
[0029]
As the brace 4, a paper tape 40 is used as a belt-like member that can be easily broken. The braces are so-called braces that are passed diagonally between the columns, and each acts only on the pulling force in an X shape on the diagonal of the surface. The thread 41 can also be used on condition that the material can be easily broken.
[0030]
Further, in order to connect these members, the adhesive tape 12 is used in the present embodiment.
[0031]
(Column, beam grid)
Next, the structure of the grid using the above materials and the method for producing the grid will be described. In the present embodiment, the joint portion of the main frame of the grid reproduces the pin joint.
[0032]
FIG. 3 shows the actual structure of the pin joint that is the basis of the model. As shown in the figure, when a beam 101 is joined to a steel column 100, a joint box 102 is attached to the column 100, and a joint 103 of the beam 101 is fixed to the column 100 with a bolt. The joint 103 and the flange portion of the beam 101 are not joined and are configured so that no bending moment is transmitted, and can be regarded as a pin joint that freely rotates in all directions in terms of structural mechanics.
[0033]
(First pin joint)
FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of the first pin joint using a pipe member. As shown in FIG. 4A, first, the end of one straw 10 is cut, bent at about 90 degrees and opened. Then, another straw 10 is applied to the bent portion 10b, and the adhesive tape 12 is wound and joined as shown in FIG. 4 (b). Unnecessary bent portions 10c are cut.
[0034]
By configuring in this way, the beam 2 freely rotates on a plane including the axis of the column 1. Also, the beam 2 can freely rotate in the plane perpendicular to the axis of the column 1 by the elasticity of the bent portion 10b of the opened straw. That is, the beam 2 can freely rotate in all directions with respect to the column 1, and pin joint can be reproduced. Then, as shown in FIG. 4C, a required number of pillars 1 and beams 2 are joined to create a grid.
[0035]
(Second pin joint)
FIG. 5 is a view for explaining the configuration of the second pin joint using the pipe member. As shown in FIG. 5 (a), the straw 10 is bent in the vicinity of the end (about 2 cm from the end) in a substantially L shape. Since the bent portion 10a, which is a fold, is crushed and has a substantially linear cross section, the bending rigidity is significantly reduced as compared with other portions that maintain a circular cross section. In other words, it is possible to reproduce pin joint in which only the joint portion freely rotates.
[0036]
Next, as shown in FIG. 5 (b), the four straws 10 are similarly bent in the vicinity of the end portions and are connected together in order. This is the beam 2 on the grid roof surface. Then, as shown in FIG. 5 (c), a straw 10 serving as the pillar 1 is disposed under the four apexes, and the adhesive tape 12 is wound and fixed as shown in FIG. 5 (d). At this time, when the adhesive tape 12 is bonded to a single layer (one sheet) and joined, the degree of fixation is low, so the joint portion can be bent to some extent, and its movement also reproduces the pin joint. Therefore, even with this configuration, pin joints that can freely rotate in all directions can be reproduced. If the adhesive tape 12 is affixed five or more times, the degree of fixation is increased, so that the joint portion is rigidly joined and the ramen structure can be reproduced.
[0037]
(Third pin joint)
FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of the third pin joint using the pipe member. FIG. 6A is a diagram illustrating an actual configuration in which a column 100 is pin-joined in the middle part of the beam 101. As shown in FIG. 6B, such joining can be reproduced by winding the straw that becomes the column 1 and the straw that becomes the beam 2 by winding and fixing the adhesive tape 12 thereon.
[0038]
(Cantilever)
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of a cantilever using a pipe member. This is because there is a case where it is desired to reproduce a veranda or a large eaves.
[0039]
As shown in FIG. 7A, a straw that becomes the cantilever 13, a straw that becomes the reinforcing beam 14, and a straw that becomes the beam 2 that supports these are prepared. The reinforcing beam 14 is attached via the beam 2 in the direction in which the cantilever 13 is extended. Then, at the fixed end of the cantilever 13, the opposing ends of the cantilever 13 and the reinforcing beam 14 are each divided into two.
[0040]
Then, as shown in FIG. 7B, the straw constituting the beam 2 is sandwiched between the divided portions, and the adhesive tape 12 is wound around and fixed to the overlapped portions as shown in FIG. 7C. In this way, a cantilever can also be reproduced.
[0041]
In addition, as shown in FIG. 7 (d), the cantilever can also be reproduced in the same way by making the straw that becomes the cantilever 13 the length that also serves as the reinforcing beam and inserting the beam 2 with a cut in the middle. can do.
[0042]
(Extension of beam)
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a configuration in which a pipe member is extended and extended. This is because when a general-purpose straw 10 is used, the length is limited, and thus a longer column 1 or beam 2 may be desired.
[0043]
As an example for adding, as shown in FIG. 8A, the end of one straw 10 is crushed to form a wedge-shaped portion 10d. And as shown in FIG.8 (b), it can be set as one long member by press-fitting this wedge-shaped part 10d in the edge part of the other straw 10. FIG. In addition, although it has a certain degree of bonding strength just by press-fitting, the bonding can be strengthened by further winding and fixing the adhesive tape 12 around the bonding portion.
[0044]
As another example, as shown in FIG. 8 (c), the end of one of the straws 10 is cut and slightly narrowed, and is pressed into the end of the other straw 10. In this way, the length of the straw 10 can be similarly extended.
[0045]
(Pillar)
FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining joining of column bases. The grid created as described above is joined to the rigid floor 3 at the column base, that is, the lower end of the column 1. Here, in the actual structure, the movement in the horizontal direction is fixed and does not cause a problem, but the movement in the pulling direction becomes a problem. This is because when a lateral force is applied to the entire building, a pulling force may be generated in the axial direction of the column 100 due to a moment generated in the entire building. Therefore, also in the model of the present embodiment, it is preferable that the column 1 is attached so as to be movable in the pulling direction with respect to the rigid floor 3 which is the installation surface and fixed in the horizontal direction.
[0046]
In FIG. 9A, the column base of the column 1 is fixed by sticking with an adhesive tape 12 on the rigid floor 3 (cardboard 30). The adhesive tape 12 is wound around and attached to the pillar 1 and is simply attached to the cardboard 30. Moreover, it is preferable to stick the adhesive tape 12 in four directions in order to fix the horizontal direction. When a pulling force is applied to the pillar 1 attached in this way, peeling occurs in a part of the adhesive tape 12 as shown in FIG. Therefore, it is possible to know that the pulling force is generated and its direction.
[0047]
Further, as shown in FIG. 9C, the same effect can be obtained by opening the column base and pasting the bent portion on the cardboard 30 with the adhesive tape 12. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 9 (d), a rigid plate 3 may be used to support the grid by providing holes 31a using a styrene plate 31 and inserting a column base at the lower end of the column 1. The adhesive tape 12 loses the adhesive force while observing the pulling force many times, but the insertion can be performed without deterioration by adopting such a configuration.
[0048]
In addition, although the rigid floor 3 is a floor surface that is assumed not to be deformed, a pedestal 32 (corresponding to a foundation of a building) that can be easily deformed may be used to attach a column base. The pedestal 32 may be any material that can be easily elastically deformed, and a hard sponge, foamed polyethylene used as a cushioning material, or the like can be suitably used. With this configuration, when a pulling force (short-term load axial force) is applied to the model and a force is applied to the model, the pedestal 32 bends. Accordingly, it is possible to know that the pull-out force has been generated, the direction thereof, and the external force applied to the foundation of the building and the state of deformation without breaking the model.
[0049]
(Seismic element)
The seismic element 5 is to reduce the shaking of the building by absorbing the deformation energy of the frame by shear deformation when a horizontal force is applied to the building by a typhoon or an earthquake.
[0050]
FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining an example of the structure of the seismic element that is the basis of the model. As shown in FIG. 10A, the seismic element is attached between the two pillars 100. The butterfly frame 104 attached to the pillars 100 on both sides and facing each other, and these butterfly frames 104 are connected to each other. It consists of a seismic device 105 to be connected. The earthquake-resistant device 105 uses an extremely low yield point steel and is difficult to break against deformation. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 10B, when the casing is deformed by applying a horizontal force, the seismic device 105 is subjected to shear stress, and shear deformation occurs. At that time, the energy applied to the housing can be absorbed much more effectively than ordinary braces.
[0051]
FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a seismic element according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of creating a seismic element. As shown in FIG. 11A, the seismic element 5 includes a column 50, a truss 51, and a damping mechanism 52. The upper part of the column 50 is fixed to the beam 2 and the lower part is fixed to the rigid floor 3 with an adhesive tape 12. As the damping mechanism 52, the bellows portion 11a of the bending straw 11 shown in FIG. 2 is used.
[0052]
As shown in FIG. 12, the end of the damping mechanism 52 is crushed to form a flat portion 52 a and is attached to the column 50. Similarly, the truss 51 is also crushed to form a flat portion 51 a and attached to the damping mechanism 52. The reason why the flat portions 51a and 52a are formed in this way is to increase the strength when pasted with the adhesive tape 12. The other end 51b of the truss 51 is folded in a concave shape and joined with the adhesive tape 12 in a state of being applied to the column 50 (not shown).
[0053]
The seismic element 5 formed as described above has a truss structure that is not deformed, like the butterfly frame 104, because the truss 51 and the non-accordion portion of the damping mechanism 52 are firmly fixed. Then, as shown in FIG. 11B, when the grid is deformed by applying a force, a shearing stress is applied to the damping mechanism 52, and the bellows portion extends obliquely, so that the shearing stress is visually observed. be able to.
[0054]
(Operations you can experience)
13 and 14 are diagrams for explaining an experiment using the structural learning experience apparatus. First, as shown in FIG. 13A, a force is applied in a state where only the column 1 and the beam 2 are attached to the rigid floor 3. As a result, you can experience moving with a grid alone (that you cannot resist earthquakes).
[0055]
As shown in FIG.13 (b), one brace 4 is attached and force is applied from the left-right direction. Thereby, it is possible to experience the difference in deformation between the state with and without the brace and the direction in which the brace 4 acts (acts in the pulling direction).
[0056]
As shown in FIG. 13 (c), two vertical braces (wall brace 4) are attached and force is applied from various directions. Thereby, it is possible to experience in which direction the vertical brace can counter seismic force.
[0057]
As shown in FIG. 13 (d), vertical braces on opposite surfaces are attached and force is applied from various directions. Thereby, it can be seen that the grid is distorted into a parallelogram, and it is understood that the deformation of the roof surface needs to be restrained.
[0058]
As shown in FIG. 13 (e), a vertical brace on one surface and a horizontal brace on the roof surface are attached and force is applied. If it does so, it can observe that a grid rotates centering | focusing on the surface which provided the vertical brace, and can observe the rigidity of a building. In particular, if multiple grids are connected further, if the braces are biased, the building's rigid core will also be biased, and it can be experienced that a rotational force is generated against the roll due to the deviation of the rigid core and the center of gravity. .
[0059]
As shown in FIG. 13 (f), the difference in operation between the brace 4 and the seismic element 5 can be observed by attaching the seismic element 5 and applying a force. As for the brace 4, it can be observed that it resists tightly against small deformation, but can play when extended (plastic deformation) is caused by large deformation, and can be broken when a larger force is applied. . Regarding the seismic element 5, it is possible to confirm the shear deformation of the damping mechanism 52, and to experience that even if a large deformation occurs, play does not occur and the damping mechanism 52 continues to absorb energy strongly.
[0060]
As shown in FIG. 14A, a floor slab 6 made of cardboard 30 is attached to the roof surface in place of the horizontal brace, and a force is applied. Thereby, the difference between the rigid floor surface by the brace 4 and the rigid floor surface by the floor slab 6 can be observed.
[0061]
Similarly, as shown in FIG. 14B, a load bearing wall 7 made of cardboard 30 is attached instead of the vertical brace, and the difference in motion between the vertical brace and the seismic element 5 is observed by applying a force. Thereby, the difference in the horizontal displacement between the case of the vertical brace and the case of the load bearing wall 7 can be experienced.
[0062]
As shown in FIG. 14 (c), the rigid floor 3 is vibrated in the horizontal direction with the load 8 placed on the roof surface, and the deformation is observed. Depending on the state of the deformation, you can add vertical braces or change the placement and experience the effect. Thereby, the balance of arrangement | positioning of the brace 4 and the seismic element 5 can be confirmed. In addition, it is possible to confirm the difference in deformation due to the difference in load by changing the weight of the load and applying the same vibration.
[0063]
In addition, it is possible to experience a difference in motion from the pin joint (truss structure) by reproducing the rigid joint (ramen structure) by sticking the adhesive tape 12 in five or more layers at each joint. At this time, since the straw 10 has elasticity and is easily bent, the bending in the ramen structure can be sufficiently reproduced.
[0064]
FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a model reproducing a rigid floor structure by a floor ALC plate. Although the floor slab 6 used in FIG. 14A covers the entire roof surface, a plurality of floor ALC plates are usually arranged, so that the floor slab 6 is made of cardboard 30 as shown in FIG. A plurality of floor boards 15 are arranged.
[0065]
Here, the configuration of a rigid floor using an actual floor ALC plate will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 16 (a), the floor ALC plate 106 has a notch at the end thereof positioned by a hard floor metal piece 107, a reinforcing bar 108 is inserted into the joint, and the joint is filled with the joint mortar 109. The end of the reinforcing bar 108 is fixed to a hard floor metal fixture 107. As shown in FIG. 16B, the joint is formed so that the inside is widened, and the floor ALC plate 106 is prevented from floating. Further, as shown in FIG. 16C, a depression is formed at a position facing the surface of the floor ALC plate 106, and a depression called a cotter 110 is formed by combining the depressions of the adjacent floor ALC plate 106. Filling the cotter 110 with the joint mortar 109 prevents the floor ALC plate 106 from being displaced due to shear deformation that distorts the building frame.
[0066]
Therefore, as shown in FIG. 15, the floor board 15 is provided with a mark 15a to make it easy to recognize the displacement of the floor board 15 due to the shearing force applied to the floor surface. First, in this state, by applying force to the model from various directions, it is possible to experience the behavior of displacement between the floorboards 15. Then, by sticking the adhesive tape 12 across the floor board 15 and observing the behavior of the adhesive tape 12 resisting the displacement between the floor boards 15, the action of the cotter 110 can be understood.
[0067]
When the adhesive tape 12 is pasted, if the floor plates 15 are firmly fixed, it is difficult to observe the displacement behavior. For this reason, when the adhesive tape 12 has a certain degree of hardness, it is preferable that the gap between the floor plates 15 be about 5 mm to 1 cm. In addition, if a soft tape having elasticity is used as the adhesive tape 12, the floor plates 15 are displaced without providing a large gap between the floor plates 15, so that the behavior of the displacement can be easily observed.
[0068]
[Second Embodiment]
A second embodiment of the structural learning experience apparatus according to the present invention will be described. FIG. 17 is a diagram for explaining the pin connection of the structural learning experience device according to the present embodiment, FIG. 18 is a diagram for explaining the footnote part, and FIG. 19 is a diagram for explaining the brace. About the overlapping part, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and description is abbreviate | omitted. In the first embodiment, the straw 10 that becomes a beam or a column is joined using the adhesive tape 12. On the other hand, in this embodiment, it joins using a clip. Here, the clip is a clip (a so-called gem clip) made of a rod member that goes around.
[0069]
As shown in FIG. 17A, first, the same number of clips 16 as the straws 10 to be joined are combined. Each clip 16 is press-fitted into the end of the straw 10. The size of the clip 16 is preferably fixed to some extent by being inserted into the straw 10, and specifically, the width of the short side of the clip 16 is not less than the diameter of the straw 10 and not more than half of the circumference. preferable. With this configuration, as shown in FIG. 17B, the straws 10 are joined, but they are extremely rotatable and engaged with each other with difficulty in separation. Therefore, the pin joint of the truss model can be faithfully reproduced.
[0070]
As shown in FIG. 17 (c), when the other straw 10 (column 1) is connected to the middle portion of one straw 10 (beam 2), a hole or notch 10e is formed in the straw 10 serving as the beam 2. The first clip 16 is attached, the second clip 16 is combined with the first clip 16, and the combined second clip 16 is press-fitted into the end of the straw 10 serving as the pillar 1.
[0071]
In the column base, as shown in FIG. 18 (a), one end of the clip 16 is extended to form a rotating portion 16a and a protruding portion 16b, and the protruding portion 16b is inserted into the polystyrene plate 31 (installation surface). The rotating portion 16 a is press-fitted into the end portion that becomes the column base portion of the straw 10 that becomes the column 1. By comprising in this way, as shown in FIG.18 (b), the pillar 1 can be rotated and it can move to an extraction direction. Therefore, when a pulling force is generated by applying a horizontal force to the model, the protruding portion 16b comes off from the styrene plate 31 and the column 1 is lifted, so observe which column 1 the pulling force is generated. Can do.
[0072]
As another column base portion, one end of the clip 16 is attached to the polystyrene plate 31 by a stapler 17 as shown in FIG. Then, as shown in FIG. 18 (d), the clip 16 is swingable, so that the other end is raised and press-fitted into the end portion that becomes the column base portion of the column 1. As a result, it is possible to reproduce pin joints that are rotatable in all directions. In this configuration, the pulling force can be observed by pulling out the pillar 1 from the clip 16.
[0073]
As another column base configuration, as shown in FIG. 18 (e), two clips 16 are first combined, and one clip 16 is attached to a polystyrene plate 31 with an adhesive tape 12. This is caused because the other clip 16 can freely swing, and is press-fitted into the end portion of the column 1 which becomes the column base. Even in this way, pin joints that are rotatable in all directions can be reproduced.
[0074]
In the brace 4, clips 18 are attached to both ends of the paper tape 40 as shown in FIGS. 19 (a) and 19 (b). As shown in FIG. 19B, the clip 18 is provided with a straight portion 18a having a short side at the end, and a paper tape 40 is wound around and attached to the straight portion 18a. This is because, if the both ends are curved like the clip 16 shown above, stress concentrates on the end portion of the paper tape 40 and it becomes extremely easy to cut. The clip 18 may have a substantially triangular shape as shown in FIG.
[0075]
[Other Embodiments]
In each of the above embodiments, the brace 4 has been described as using the paper tape 40 or the thread 41 (see FIG. 2), but a binding string 19 can also be used as shown in FIG. The binding string 19 has rigid portions 19a at both ends, and is widely marketed as stationery. When the binding string 19 is used as a brace, as shown in FIGS. 20B and 20C, the rigid portion 19a is inserted into the open end of the straw 10 serving as the column 1 or the beam 2, thereby Can be stopped. In this case, the brace by the binding string 19 can be attached both in the configuration of the first embodiment as shown in FIG. 20B and in the configuration of the second embodiment as shown in FIG. 20C. .
[0076]
As shown in FIG. 20D, the length of the binding string 19 is adjusted by putting the middle portions together with the adhesive tape 12 or by wrapping the gathered portions with the rubber band 20 as shown in FIG. May be. When the brace 4 configured in this manner is deformed by applying a horizontal force to the model, the brace 4 is stretched when the force is applied and is bent when the force is not applied. Can be observed. Further, when the model is deformed excessively, the binding string 19 is not easily broken, but plastic deformation can be observed by extending (drawing out) the collected portion. By using the binding string 19 in this way, it is possible to configure a brace that is easy to assemble and can be used repeatedly.
[0077]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, in the structure learning experience device and the method for creating the same according to the present invention, the method of applying force and structure while making pin joints by reproducing a tubular member made of a resin having a cylindrical cross section and a thin wall. Therefore, even if there is no specialized knowledge, actual mechanical characteristics can be easily understood. In addition, since it has a simple structure and does not require any skill to be mastered, anyone can easily create a device in a short time. In addition, the material is easy to obtain, inexpensive, light and easy to carry, and has the advantage that the place of work and presentation is not limited.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a structural learning experience apparatus according to an embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a material to be used.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an actual structure of a pin joint that is a base of a model.
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of first pin joining using a pipe member.
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of second pin joining using a pipe member.
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of third pin joining using a pipe member.
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a cantilever using a pipe member.
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a configuration in which a pipe member is extended and extended.
FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining joining of column bases.
FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of a seismic element that is the basis of a model.
FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a seismic element according to the present embodiment.
FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of creating seismic elements.
FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an experiment using a structure learning experience device.
FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an experiment using a structure learning experience device.
FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a model reproducing a floor ALC plate.
FIG. 16 is a diagram for explaining a configuration of a floor using an actual floor ALC plate.
FIG. 17 is a diagram for explaining pin connection of the structure learning experience device according to the second embodiment.
FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating a footnote part.
FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of a brace.
FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of another brace.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 ... pillar
2 ... Beam
3 ... Hard floor
4… Brace
5… Seismic elements
6 ... Floor slab
7 ... bearing wall
8… Load
10 ... straw
10a ... Bent part
10b ... Folded part
10c ... Unnecessary bent part
10d ... wedge-shaped part
10e ... cutting
11… Bending straw
11a ... bellows part
12… Adhesive tape
13… cantilever
14… Reinforcement beam
15… floor board
15a ... Mark
16… Clip
16a ... Circulation part
16b ... Projection
17… Stapler
18… Clip
18a ... straight section
19 ... Binding string
19a ... Rigid part
20 ... rubber band
30… cardboard
31 ... Styrofoam board
31a hole
32… pedestal
40… paper tape
41 ... Yarn
50… pillar
51… Truss
51a ... plane part
51b ... the other end
52… Damping mechanism
52a ... plane part
100 ... pillar
101… Beam
102 ... Joint box
103… Fitting
104… Butterfly frame
105… Seismic device
106 ... Floor ALC board
107… Rigid floor hardware
108… rebar
109 ... Joint mortar
110… cotter

Claims (18)

It is a mechanical model of a building that consists of a main frame such as a column or beam made of a tubular member made of resin with a cylindrical cross section and a thin wall,
A structure learning experience device that reproduces pin joining by incising an end of one tube member and joining another tube member to the bent portion. It is a mechanical model of a building that consists of a main frame such as a column or beam made of a tubular member made of resin with a cylindrical cross section and a thin wall,
A structure learning experience device characterized in that pin joints are reproduced by bending in a substantially L shape in the middle of one pipe member.   The structure learning experience apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the pipe member is a drinking straw.   The structure learning experience apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the pipe member is made of polypropylene. The column base of the column constituted by the pipe member, with adhesive tape, the structure learning experience apparatus according to claim 1, wherein in that attach to the mounting surface. The structure learning experience device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a column base portion of a column made of the pipe member is inserted into a hole provided on an installation surface and attached to the installation surface . Extending one end of the clip consisting of a rotating rod member to form a rotating part and a protruding part,
Press-fit the circumferential portion into the end portion that becomes the column base portion of the pipe member,
The structure learning experience device according to claim 1, wherein the protruding portion is inserted into the installation surface. Attach one end of a clip consisting of a rotating rod member to the installation surface with a stapler so that it can swing,
The structure learning experience device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the other end of the clip is press-fitted into an end portion which becomes a column base portion of the pipe member. Combining two clips consisting of rotating rod members,
Attach one clip to the installation surface,
The structure learning experience device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the other clip is press-fitted into an end portion which becomes a column base portion of the pipe member. The structure learning experience apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the installation surface is configured by an elastic member that can be easily deformed. The structural learning experience device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a brace is reproduced by passing a thread-like member or a belt-like member that can be easily broken obliquely between pillars constituted by the pipe member . Attach clips to both ends of a strip that can be easily broken,
The clip is composed of a rod member that circulates, and includes a straight portion that becomes a short side,
Both ends of the belt-shaped member are wound around the straight portion of the clip and attached,
The brace is reproduced by attaching the clips at both ends to a pipe member constituting a main frame and passing the belt-like member obliquely between the pillars constituted by the pipe member. 2. Structure learning experience device according to 2. Using a string-like member with rigid parts at both ends,
The brace was reproduced by inserting the rigid part into the opening of the end of the pipe member constituting the main frame and passing the string-like member diagonally between the pillars constituted by the pipe member. The structure learning experience device according to claim 1 or 2.   4. The structural learning experience device according to claim 3, wherein a bellows portion of a bent straw is used as a portion of the seismic element that receives shear stress when the casing is deformed. To reproduce a cantilever beam that protrudes perpendicularly from a column or beam,
A pipe member to be cantilevered;
On the fixed end side of the cantilever beam, a tube member serving as a reinforcing beam attached in a direction extending the cantilever beam,
The pipe member which becomes a cantilever beam and a reinforcing beam is divided into two at opposite ends at the fixed end, and a pipe member constituting a column or a beam is sandwiched and joined by the divided parts. The structure learning experience apparatus according to 1 or 2.   3. A plurality of pipe members are linearly connected by crushing an end portion of one pipe member into a wedge shape or making a cut and inserting it into an opening of another pipe member. The structure learning experience device described. A method for creating a mechanical model of a building in which a main frame such as a column or a beam is constituted by a tubular member made of a resin having a cylindrical cross section and a thin wall,
In the part that reproduces the pin connection of the column beam connection,
For one direction, the tube member is bent in a substantially L shape in the middle,
For the other direction, a method for creating a structural learning experience device, characterized in that an end of another pipe member is brought into contact with the bent portion and bonded with an adhesive tape. A method for creating a mechanical model of a building in which a main frame such as a column or a beam is constituted by a tubular member made of a resin having a cylindrical cross section and a thin wall,
In the part that reproduces the pin connection of the column beam connection,
Incising the end of one tube member,
Bend the incised part in the direction of spreading,
A method for creating a structure learning experience device, characterized in that a bent portion and an end of another pipe member are joined with an adhesive tape.

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