Deprecated: The each() function is deprecated. This message will be suppressed on further calls in /home/zhenxiangba/zhenxiangba.com/public_html/phproxy-improved-master/index.php on line 456
JP4411705B2 - Coating material for coated granular fertilizer and coated granular fertilizer using the same - Google Patents
[go: Go Back, main page]

JP4411705B2 - Coating material for coated granular fertilizer and coated granular fertilizer using the same - Google Patents

Coating material for coated granular fertilizer and coated granular fertilizer using the same Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP4411705B2
JP4411705B2 JP27431899A JP27431899A JP4411705B2 JP 4411705 B2 JP4411705 B2 JP 4411705B2 JP 27431899 A JP27431899 A JP 27431899A JP 27431899 A JP27431899 A JP 27431899A JP 4411705 B2 JP4411705 B2 JP 4411705B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
elution
coated
granular fertilizer
coating material
main chain
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP27431899A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2001089280A (en
Inventor
修 木代
理恵 白浜
由之 石浜
久登 斎藤
豊彦 四家
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mitsubishi Chemical Corp
Original Assignee
Mitsubishi Chemical Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mitsubishi Chemical Corp filed Critical Mitsubishi Chemical Corp
Priority to JP27431899A priority Critical patent/JP4411705B2/en
Publication of JP2001089280A publication Critical patent/JP2001089280A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP4411705B2 publication Critical patent/JP4411705B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Landscapes

  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、生分解性と光分解性を併せ持つ樹脂を主成分とする粒状肥料用コーティング材及びそれを使用して被覆された粒状肥料に関する。更に詳しくは、本発明は、土壌中にて肥料成分の溶出が制御され、且つコーティング材の皮膜が土壌内外で分解することにより生態系に蓄積することがない被覆粒状肥料とそのために使用するコ−ティング材に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
土壌中に施肥された肥料成分の溶出を物理的に制御するために、粒状肥料の表面を高分子を用いた皮膜で被覆する検討が広く実施されてきた。特に、特公昭54−3104、特公昭60−3040及び特公昭60−37074に開示されているポリオレフィン樹脂を主材料とする皮膜材を用いた被覆肥料は、溶出制御性が良好で実用化に至っている。被覆材に低透湿性のポリオレフィン樹脂を使用すると、直線型溶出タイプ及びシグモイド型溶出タイプ等の様々な溶出タイプを創製可能であり、且つ温度と水分以外の土壌条件に溶出が左右されないので、作物の生育に合わせた施肥管理が可能となる。
しかしながら、近年、ポリオレフィン樹脂が非分解性のため、被覆肥料が投入された圃場での皮膜殻の蓄積、さらには圃場域外への流出と生態系での蓄積が問題点として指摘されている。
【0003】
そこで、ポリオレフィン樹脂に崩壊性・分解性を付与するために種々の物質を添加する技術が提案されているが、各々に問題があり満足すべきものが得られていない。
例えば、被覆材としてのポリオレフィン樹脂に光分解性樹脂を添加して皮膜に崩壊性を付与する技術が提案され、その光分解性樹脂としてジエン系重合体(特公平6−99207)、ゴム系樹脂(特公平5−30798)、エチレン・酢酸ビニル・一酸化炭素共重合体(特公平2−23515)、ジエン系ブロック共重合体(特開平3−75288)が開示されている。しかし、これらは主被覆材であるポリオレフィン樹脂それ自体の分解を促進するものではないこと、及び露光条件下での分解のため、圃場での蓄積及び圃場域外への流出を回避できる物では無い欠点がある。
【0004】
そこで、ポリオレフィン樹脂に光分解促進剤として、特定の有機金属錯体を添加し皮膜の強度を低下させ崩壊に至らしめる技術が開示された(特開平5−201786)が、これも露光条件下での崩壊のため、圃場での蓄積及び圃場域外への流出を回避できる物では無い欠点を有している。
また、低分子量ポリオレフィンを必須成分とし、これに有機金属錯体を添加して土中崩壊性を高めた技術も開示された(特開平10−231190)が、耐磨耗性が弱いため溶出制御性が不安定になる欠点がある。
【0005】
更に、ポリオレフィン樹脂に生分解性資材を添加し皮膜を崩壊に至らしめる技術が提案され、その際、生分解性資材として糖重合体及びその誘導体(特開平6−87684)、脂肪族ポリエステル(特開平9−263476)を使用することが開示されている。しかしながら、主被覆材であるポリオレフィン樹脂の分解を促進するものではないこと、加えて生分解性資材の増加に伴う溶出パターンの促進と土壌中での溶出制御性が不安定である問題点を有している。
ポリオレフィン樹脂に酸化促進物質・生分解資材・昇華性物質・水溶性物質から選ばれる2種以上の物質を添加し皮膜を崩壊に至らしめる技術が開示された(特開平6−144981、特開平7−48194、特開平9−309783、特開平9−309784、特開平10−1386)が、皮膜組成が複雑になること、保存安定性が悪い、溶出制御性が不安定になる等により実用化に至っていない。
上記した技術の欠点を補うために2層以上の皮膜で粒状肥料を被覆する技術が開示された(特開平7−133179、特開平9−194280、特開平9−194281、特開平10−25179、特開平10−218693、特開平10−231191)が、被覆操作が煩雑になる等により実用化に至っていない。
【0006】
一方、被覆材自体に分解性を付与する技術も種々開示されているが、各々に欠点があり、充分な問題解決に至っていない。例えば、光分解性樹脂を皮膜主成分とする技術が提案され、その光分解性樹脂としてエチレン・一酸化炭素共重合体(特公平2−23516)、ビニルケトン共重合体(特公平7−506)、オレフィン類・一酸化炭素・オレフィン性不飽和化合物共重合体(特開平6−56568)を用いることが示されているが、これらは露光条件下での分解のため、圃場での蓄積及び圃場域外への流出を回避できる物ではなく、また保存中における皮膜変質によって溶出制御性が不安定になる問題がある。
また、生分解性樹脂を皮膜主成分とする技術も提案され、その生分解性樹脂としては種々の脂肪族ポリエステル類(特公平2−23517、特公平7−505、特開平4−89384、特開平5−85873、特開平7−33577、特開平7−61884、特開平7−315976、特開平8−157290、特開平9−24977、特開平10−7484)が知られているが、これらは土壌中で生分解により溶出が不安定なこと、透湿性が高いため溶出停滞期を持つ溶出パターンを設定できない等の問題点がある。
【0007】
ここで、「土壌中での溶出制御性が良好である」とは、土壌中の水分と温度条件のみで溶出を予測することが可能で、作物の生育に合わせた施肥管理を可能とすることを意味する。また、「溶出制御性が不安定である」とは、皮膜の崩壊性・分解性が水分と温度のみならず、微生物活性・pH等に影響されるので変化の予測が困難であり、よって分解に伴う溶出促進も予測困難であるので、土壌中での溶出を制御するに至っていないことを意味する。
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、以下の3つの課題を満たし、実質的に皮膜の非崩壊性による環境負荷を回避することができ、しかも各種溶出パターンの溶出制御性が良好な被覆粒状肥料及びそのための被覆用コーティング材を提供することにある。
本発明の第1の課題は、被覆粒状肥料の皮膜の成分である高分子を土壌中での生分解により圃場での蓄積を回避し、分解に伴い皮膜が容易に崩壊することで中空粒子の浮上や圃場域外への流出を抑制し、さらに、流出した皮膜は生態系の微生物や紫外線により分解させることで、生態系に蓄積させないことである。
【0009】
第2の課題は、被覆材成分を調整することにより、種々のタイプの溶出パターンを創製することである。特に、シグモイドタイプの溶出パターンを得るためには、被覆処理により適度の溶出停止性を付与することが必要である。例えば、樹脂単独の被覆材からなる被覆肥料の場合には、その溶出速度、即ち、25℃で100日後の溶出率が好ましくは50%以下、より好ましくは30%以下、特に好ましくは10%以下である。溶出停止後の溶出速度の加速及び溶出パターンの直線化は、従来の方法、例えば無機フィラーや界面活性剤等の皮膜内への添加によって調整される。
さらに、本発明の第3の課題は、土壌中での溶出制御性が良好で且つ保管中に皮膜の変質により溶出制御性を変化させないことである。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上述の課題を解決するために、シグモイドタイプの溶出パターンが可能なポリオレフィン系樹脂の被覆材としての特性について鋭意検討した結果、土中で生分解を受けつつあるポリエチレンには1640cm-1に吸収が見られ、それは主鎖中に二重結合が生じ、そこがトリガ−になって生分解が進行すると推定されていること(日本ゴム協会誌、67 (6) 448-455 ('94) など)から、ポリエチレン樹脂の主鎖中に予め二重結合を導入すれば、生分解性が促進され、しかも尿素などの溶出性に関する特性はポリエチレン樹脂と同様に維持されるとの想定に基づき本発明に到達した。
【0011】
即ち、上記課題を解決するための本発明の要旨は、主鎖中に、環状構造を有せず、主鎖中の炭素数1000個当たり2〜100個の炭素不飽和二重結合を含有するエチレンと共役ジエン化合物との共重合体からなる生分解性ポリオレフィン系樹脂を皮膜の主高分子成分となすことを特徴とする被覆粒状肥料用コ−ティング材及び該コ−ティング材で粒状肥料が被覆された被覆粒状肥料に存する。
【0012】
本発明の好ましい態様としては、主鎖中に、環状構造を有せず、主鎖中の炭素数1000個当たり2〜100個の炭素不飽和二重結合を含有するエチレンと共役ジエン化合物との共重合体からなる生分解性ポリオレフィン系樹脂のメルトインデックスが0.01〜1000であり、又該ポリオレフィン系樹脂はエチレンと1,3−ブタジエンとの共重合体であるコ−ティング材及び該コ−ティング材で粒状肥料が被覆された被覆粒状肥料が挙げられる。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明につき詳細に説明する。
本発明の被覆粒状肥料用コ−ティング材の一成分は、主鎖中に、主鎖中の炭素数1000個当たり2〜100個の炭素不飽和二重結合を含有するポリオレフィン系樹脂であり、特にポリエチレン系樹脂である。
本発明のポリオレフィン系樹脂の製造に用いられるオレフィンとしては、エチレン、プロピレン、1-ブテン、4-メチルペンテン-1、1-ヘキセン、1-オクテンなどを挙げることが出来るが、結晶化度、強度、弾性率、価格などの点で、エチレンとプロピレンが好ましく、特に結晶化の点でエチレンが好ましい。
【0014】
本発明の主鎖中に所定量の炭素二重結合を含有するポリオレフィン系樹脂は、オレフィン、特にエチレンと共役ジエン化合物とを共重合するによって得られる。
共役ジエン化合物としては、1,3-ブタジエン、イソプレン、2-エチル-1,3-ブタジエン、1,3-ヘキサジエンなどを挙げることができる。価格や反応性の点で、1,3-ブタジエン、イソプレンが好ましく、特に1,3-ブタジエンが好ましい。
【0015】
共重合反応に使用する触媒としては、この種の重合反応に使用されている公知の触媒から適宜選定し、使用することができ、具体的にはZiegler触媒(IV族の遷移金属化合物(例えばTi、Zr、Hfなどの化合物)と有機Al化合物の組み合わせや高活性なZiegler触媒(Mg、V、SiO2などに担持したタイプ、共晶タイプなど)が挙げられ、これらは例えば、特開昭55−82104,特開昭55−82105、特開昭56−61406、特開昭57−131206、特開昭58−1708、特開昭64−54007などに数多く開示されている。更に、他の触媒としてPhillips触媒(Cr系)、Standard Oil触媒(Mo系)、Kaminsky触媒、Brookhart触媒なども使用することができる。これらの触媒中、Ziegler触媒や高活性なZiegler触媒を用いるのが、共役ジエン化合物が優先的に1,4-付加し、活性もある程度示すので好ましく、特に活性の面から、高活性なZiegler触媒を用いるのが好ましい。
【0016】
共触媒には有機Al化合物を使用するのが好ましく、有機Al化合物としては、トリエチルアルミニウム、トリイソブチルアルミニウム、ジエチルアルミニウムクロライドなどを挙げることができる。このような触媒を用いた場合の重合反応の圧力は、2気圧から100気圧、特に5気圧から30気圧で重合を行うのが好ましい。
重合反応の形式は特に制限されず、不活性炭化水素溶媒下でスラリー重合を行ってもよいし、溶液重合を行ってもよい。また無溶媒下で気相重合を行ってもよい。スラリー重合がプロセス的に簡便で少量スケ−ルには適しており、スラリ−重合の場合は50〜90℃で重合を行うことが好ましい。
又、他の方法としてパ−オキサイドを触媒として使用し、数100〜数1000気圧の高圧下で重合させることによりポリオレフィン系樹脂を製造することが可能である。
【0017】
共役ジエン化合物とオレフィン、例えばエチレンとのモル比は特に制限されないが、主鎖中に、主鎖中の炭素数1000個当たり2〜100個の炭素不飽和二重結合を含有させるように選定することが必要である。
主鎖中の炭素不飽和二重結合の数は、主鎖中の炭素数1000個当たり5〜80個が好ましく、より好ましくは、7〜70個である。更に好ましくは10〜50個含有することであり、20〜35個含有することが最も好ましい。
炭素不飽和二重結合の数が主鎖中の炭素数1000個当たり2個より少ない場合は、分解性が悪く、100個より多い場合は、結晶性が低下したり、安定性が悪化し、また被覆後の肥料の溶出速度が大きくシグモイド型の溶出パターンを創製出来ないし、生分解性が速いため土壌溶出制御性が不安定になるので好ましくない。
【0018】
ポリオレフィン系樹脂の分子量に特に制限は無いが、MI(メルトインデックス)が0.01〜1000であるものが好ましい。MIが1000より大きいと皮膜の強度が低下して好ましくない。他方、MIが0.01より小さいと被覆するための溶媒に溶解し難くなって好ましくない。
MIとしては、0.1〜100が好ましく、特に0.5〜50が好ましく、1〜30が最も好ましい。
分子量の調整は、重合反応時にH2 ガスを導入することにより行うことができる。
【0019】
主鎖に分岐構造を有しないポリオレフィン系樹脂の方が皮膜が崩壊しやすいので好ましいが、場合により皮膜の強度を高め、タフさ(強靱性)を高めるために、(短鎖)分岐を導入してもよい。分岐としては、メチル分岐、エチル分岐、n-ブチル分岐、n-ヘキシル分岐、イソブチル分岐などを含有させることができる。このような分岐の導入は、それぞれ、プロピレン、1-ブテン、1-ヘキセン、1-オクテン、4-メチルペンテン-1などとエチレンとを共重合させることにより得られる。分岐の数は、主鎖の炭素数1000個当たり40個以下が好ましい。分岐の種類としては、エチル分岐以上の高級アルキルの分岐が好ましい。
また、上記のエチレンと共役ジエン化合物との共重合以外の製法として、ポリブタジエン、ポリイソプレンなどの主鎖中に二重結合を有するゴムを部分水添する方法も有り、この方法で製造してもよい。
【0020】
本発明のポリオレフィン系樹脂は、主鎖中に特定量の不飽和結合を有するので、この樹脂を有効成分とするコーティング材で粒状肥料を被覆すると、皮膜は生分解され、しかも直線タイプ及びシグモイドタイプの溶出パターンが得られるので作物の生育に適合した溶出パターンが得られ、土壌中での溶出制御性も良好で、且つ保管中に溶出制御性が変化しない利点を有する。
本発明のポリオレフィン系樹脂の分解促進の機構は、炭素不飽和結合部位がトリガーとなり、微生物酵素及び酸素の存在下に酸化分解を受けて低分子化され、また光を受けてラジカルが発生し、これにより主鎖切断が起こり低分子化されるが、これら低分子化された炭化水素は、従来の機構で更に分解されるものと推定される。
この様に、本発明のポリオレフィン系樹脂を構成成分とするコーティング材からなる皮膜は、ポリオレフィン系樹脂そのものが分解されるので、従来、種々のポリオレフィン樹脂、光分解性樹脂、生分解性樹脂の1種以上に分解促進剤を組合せた皮膜材とはその分解機作が相違し、従って、該ポリオレフィン系樹脂で被覆された粒状肥料の特性も異なることは明らかである。
【0021】
本発明のポリオレフィン系樹脂を粒状肥料の被覆材として使用する場合は、その目的を損なわない範囲で、従来の樹脂被覆肥料と同様種々の添加物を用いて肥料を溶出制御するとともに皮膜の分解性を高めることができる。
分解性を促進する目的で、例えば、光分解性資材、生分解性資材、酸化促進物質、光分解促進物質、昇華性物質等の1種以上を加えることができる。
光分解性資材として特に制限は無いが、感光性官能基が導入された樹脂、例えば、一酸化炭素とオレフィン類の共重合体、ジエン系重合体、ビニルケトン系共重合体が好ましい。添加量としては、溶出制御性・分解性・保存安定性を考慮して適宜決定されるが、概ね高分子全体に対して80(重量)%以下、好ましくは50(重量)%以下、特に好ましくは20(重量)%以下である。添加方法としては、本発明のポリオレフィン系樹脂に必要があれば相溶化剤を用いて均一に分散させても良いし、微粉末状で分散させても構わない。
【0022】
生分解資材として特に制限は無いが、糖重合体及びその誘導体、蛋白質及びその誘導体、脂肪族ポリエステル、芳香族又は環状エーテルが導入された脂肪族ポリエステル、水溶性樹脂(例えばポリエーテル、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリリンゴ酸)が好ましい。添加量としては、溶出制御性・分解性・保存安定性を考慮して適宜決定されるが、概ね高分子全体に対して50(重量)%以下、好ましくは20(重量)%以下、特に好ましくは10(重量)%以下である。添加方法としては、本発明のポリオレフィン系樹脂に必要があれば相溶化剤を用いて均一に分散させても良いし、微粉末状で均一分散させても構わない。
【0023】
酸化促進物質・光分解促進物質として特に制限はないが、炭素不飽和結合を有する不飽和脂肪酸、不飽和脂肪酸エステル、油脂類、遷移金属、遷移金属化合物、遷移金属錯体が好ましい。添加量としては、溶出制御性・分解性・保存安定性を考慮して適宜決定されるが、概ね高分子全体に対して20(重量)%以下、好ましくは10(重量)%以下、特に好ましくは5(重量)%以下である。
昇華性物質として特に制限は無いが、ナフタリン、樟脳、硫黄が好ましい。添加量としては、溶出制御性・分解性・保存安定性を考慮して適宜決定されるが、概ね高分子全体に対して等量以下、好ましくは50(重量)%以下、特に好ましくは20(重量)%以下である。
また、保存安定性を考慮して、光安定剤を添加しても構わない。
【0024】
また、溶出パターンを調整する目的でポリオレフィン重合体(例えばポリエチレン)又はポリオレフィンを含む共重合体(例えばエチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体)の1種以上を添加できる。特に、低分子量のポリエチレンワックスは生分解性があるので好ましい。添加量としては、溶出制御性・分解性・保存安定性を考慮して適宜決定されるが、概ね高分子全体に対して等量以下、好ましくは50(重量)%以下、特に好ましくは20(重量)%以下である。
同様に、溶出パターン調整の目的で、界面活性剤類も添加できる。界面活性剤としては、カチオン界面活性剤、アニオン界面活性剤、ノニオン界面活性剤、両性界面活性剤の何れをも使用できるが、例えばポリオキシエチレンノニルフェニルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル等のノニオン界面活性剤が好ましい。添加量は、目的とする溶出パターンに合わせて適宜選択される。
【0025】
更に、高価な樹脂の使用量の低減及び温度依存性を低減する目的で、例えば、無機粉末を添加するのが好ましい。特に、天然無機鉱物は、相当量添加しても溶出制御性が高く、かつ安価であるので好ましい。具体的には、タルク、マイカ、セリサイト、ガラスフレーク、金属箔、黒鉛、板状酸化鉄、板状水酸化アルミ、ハイドロタルサイト、炭カル、シリカ、クレーなどが挙げられ、特にタルク、マイカ、炭カル、クレーなどが好ましい。これらの天然無機鉱物は、いずれも添加量があまりに多すぎると、皮膜強度ならびに破砕強度が極端に低下し、溶出制御性が低下する。このような観点から、皮膜中の天然無機鉱物の添加割合は、重量で0〜80%の範囲である。また、いずれの天然無機鉱物も皮膜の連続性を阻害せず、かつ粉体同士が凝集を起こさない粒径、例えば膜厚の1/2以下の粒径が好ましい。
また、皮膜中に他の肥料成分、農薬、植物生理活性物などの農業資材、または植物の生長促進物質を混用することができる。それらの資材の皮膜中の分散位置に特に制限はない。
【0026】
本発明に使用される粒状肥料は特に限定されないが、溶出制御の観点から肥料成分が高く肥効が最も顕著に現れる尿素は特に好ましい。また、肥料自体に溶出制御性のあるイソブチリデンジウレアなどの化合物型緩効性肥料を用いるとさらに多様な溶出制御性が得られるので好ましい。さらに、粒状肥料の形状の真球性が高い場合、被覆均一性が高くなるので好ましい。
【0027】
本発明肥料の被覆率は特に限定されるものではなく、経済性、溶出制御性及び分解性を考慮して適宜選択される。経済性を高めるためには、被覆率が低いほうが有利である。一方溶出制御性を高めるには、被覆率が高いほうが有利である。皮膜の分解性を高めるためには、比表面積の小さい低被覆率が有利である。これらを考慮すると、被覆される肥料の重量に対して、被覆率が重量で4〜30%、好ましくは6〜20%の範囲である。最も好ましくは、8〜15%の範囲である。
溶出制御性、分解性、保存安定性、皮膜強度を考慮して、皮膜は2層以上の構造でも構わない。
【0028】
皮膜の被覆方法は特に限定されず、常法により行うことができるが、使用される被覆材を溶剤に溶解または分散して肥料に噴霧後、瞬時に溶剤を乾燥させると均一被覆性が高くなるので好ましい。
使用される溶媒は被覆材を溶解または分散させ、速乾性のものであれば良い。具体的には、トリクロロエチレン、テトラクロロエチレン等の塩素化炭化水素、ヘキサン、ヘプタン等の飽和炭化水素、トルエン、キシレン等の芳香族炭化水素等が用いられる。
【0029】
【実施例】
以下、製造例及び実施例により本発明をさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明はその要旨を超えない限り以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。
尚、下記製造例における生成ポリマーの基礎物性及び生分解性は下記の方法で測定した。
I.基礎物性の測定
(1)MI測定:ASTM−1238に基づき、メルトインデクサーを使用して測定した。
(2)主鎖中の二重結合導入量の測定:500MHz−H-NMRを使用して測定した。
(3)1,4-付加量は( 1,2-付加品の有無も含め)13C−NMRで確認した。
【0030】
II.生分解性の測定
▲1▼ 試料作成法
圧力プレス機にて各生成ポリマーのフィルム(厚さ30μm)を調製後10cmに切断し供試品とした。

Figure 0004411705
【0031】
製造例
(I)ポリオレフィン系樹脂の製造
[製造1]
1リットルのオ−トクレ−ブに420mlのn-ヘキサンを仕込み、1,3-ブタジエンを所定量仕込んだ。触媒として、特開昭55−82104、特開昭55−82105に記載されているSiO2に担持されたTiのTHF錯体を担持したものである高活性Ziegler触媒を使用した。共触媒の有機Al化合物としては、トリエチルアルミニウム化合物を使用した。これらの触媒を仕込んだ後、H2 ガス、更にエチレンを導入した。
80℃で3時間重合反応させた。H2 ガス量で分子量を調整し、H2とエチレンの合計圧として、圧力は10気圧を保った。
重合終了後、生成ポリマ−が112g得られた。得られたポリマーのMIは7.3であった。又、NMRでポリマーの主鎖中の二重結合導入量を測定したところ8個(炭素数1000個当たり)導入されていた。
【0032】
[製造2]
触媒として、特開昭56−61406に記載されているMg−Ti共晶タイプの高活性Ziegler触媒使用し、重合時間を1時間にした以外は[製造1]と同様にして重合反応を行った。重合終了後、生成ポリマ−は143g得られ、そのMIは32であった。又、ポリマーの主鎖中の二重結合導入量は15個であった。
[製造3]
2リットルのオートクレーブを用い、1,3-ブタジエン量を増大させ、重合時間を3時間にした以外は製造2と同様にして重合反応を行った。重合終了後、生成ポリマ−は270g得られ、そのMIは15であった。又、ポリマーの主鎖中の二重結合導入量は24個であった。
【0033】
得られたポリマー(樹脂)及び対照ポリマーの基礎物性及び生分解性を纏めて表−1及び表−2に示す。尚、対照ポリエチレン(日本ポリケム社製)及びポリブタジエン(日本ゼオン社製)は、市販品を使用した。
【0034】
【表1】
Figure 0004411705
【0035】
生分解性試験結果
【表2】
Figure 0004411705
【0036】
実施例1〜5及び比較例1〜2
(1)被覆肥料の製造
表−1に示した生成ポリマー(樹脂)及び対照ポリマーを用い、各々をトルエンに溶解した噴霧液(濃度5w/v%、100℃)2kgを、粒径2〜4mmの尿素粒1kgに図1に示す噴流式コーティング装置を使用し、乾燥風(流動ガス)温度90℃、風量100m32に/時間で噴霧被覆し、被覆率10%(対肥料)の被覆粒状肥料を得た(実施例1〜3、比較例1〜2)。
さらに、表−1の樹脂種▲3▼ を用い、皮膜組成が樹脂種▲3▼/タルク/エチレンノニルフェニルエーテルエチレンオキサイド8モル付加物=6/4/0.5(実施例4)、樹脂種▲3▼/クレイ/エチレンノニルフェニルエーテルエチレンオキサイド8モル付加物=5/5/0.2(実施例5)に調整した以外は上記と同様の方法で被覆粒状肥料を得た。
なお、図1の装置においては、槽内に充填した粒状肥料1を、下部から導入される乾燥風(流動ガス)3で噴流させながら、これに皮膜材料を溶解または分散した噴霧液(皮膜溶液)2を噴霧することにより肥料を被覆するものである。
【0037】
(2)被覆肥料の溶出特性の評価
下記a)〜c)の測定を行い、その結果を表−3〜表−4に示す。
a)水中溶出測定法
(1)で製造した被覆肥料を25℃恒温水中に7g/200ccの割合で投じ、経時的に水中の尿素態窒素を定量した。
b)暴露処理
(1)で製造した被覆肥料を自然光暴露1ヶ月経時させた後に、a)と同様の方法で水中溶出測定を行った。
c)土壌中溶出測定法
(1)で製造した被覆肥料を沖積土壌乾土200gに対し、窒素として60mgを加え、水を350cc添加し、25℃で静置培養した。経時的に土壌中から被覆肥料を取り出し、残存窒素を定量し、溶出量を算出した。
【0038】
【表3】
Figure 0004411705
【0039】
【表4】
Figure 0004411705
【0040】
本発明の主鎖中に炭素不飽和二重結合を2〜100個(主鎖中の炭素数1000個当たり)含有するポリオレフィン系樹脂は、表−2に示した結果から明らかなように、黴の繁殖が認められ生分解性を示しており、黴の繁殖程度は炭素不飽和結合数が多いほど旺盛であった。又、表−3に示したように、樹脂単独で被覆された肥料での水中溶出停止性は25℃100日間で10%以下であり、充分な溶出停止性を示すが、同時にフィラー及び界面活性剤を添加した被覆ではシグモイド型(溶出速度が途中から加速する)及び直線型の溶出を示し、種々の溶出パターンが得られることを明らかにしている。
更に、本発明の被覆肥料は自然光に暴露後も溶出パターンは変化せず、保存安定性が高いことが明らかである。表−4に示した結果は、土壌中での溶出パターンは水中溶出パターンと同一であり、土壌中での溶出制御性も良好であることは明らかで、本発明の課題を達成している。
【0041】
これに対し、炭素不飽和結合のないポリエチレン(PE)は、溶出停止性及び土壌中溶出制御性は良好な結果を示す(表−3、4)ものの、生分解性が認められず(表−2)、また、炭素不飽和結合数が250のポリブタジエン(PB)は、生分解性が良好であった(表−2)が、水中での溶出停止性が不十分なだけでなく保存時に溶出が変化(40日後に40%から80%、表−3)し、土壌中でも溶出速度が1割以上(対水中)大きくなる(表−3、4)ので、いずれのポリマーも本発明の課題を達成していない。
【0042】
【発明の効果】
主鎖中に、炭素不飽和二重結合を主鎖中の炭素数1000個当たり2〜100個含有するポリオレフィン系樹脂を少なくとも1成分とするコーティング材で被覆された被覆粒状肥料は、実質的に皮膜の環境負荷を回避でき、各種溶出パターンの溶出制御性が良好であるので、該コ−ティング材で被覆した被覆肥料は極めて有用である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 実施例の被覆肥料の製造に使用した噴流式コーティング装置を示す概略図
【符号の説明】
1 粒状肥料
2 皮膜溶液
3 乾燥風(流動ガス)
4 ガイド管[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a granular fertilizer coating material mainly composed of a resin having both biodegradability and photodegradability, and a granular fertilizer coated using the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a coated granular fertilizer in which elution of fertilizer components is controlled in the soil and the coating of the coating material does not accumulate in the ecosystem due to decomposition inside and outside the soil, and the coagulate used therefor. -Relating to ting materials.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In order to physically control the elution of fertilizer components fertilized in soil, studies have been widely conducted to coat the surface of granular fertilizer with a film using a polymer. In particular, the coated fertilizer using a coating material mainly composed of a polyolefin resin disclosed in JP-B-54-3104, JP-B-60-3040 and JP-B-60-37074 has good elution controllability and has been put into practical use. Yes. Using a low moisture-permeable polyolefin resin as the coating material allows creation of various elution types such as linear elution type and sigmoid elution type, and elution is not affected by soil conditions other than temperature and moisture. It becomes possible to manage fertilization according to the growth of the plant.
However, since polyolefin resins are non-degradable in recent years, accumulation of film shells in fields where coated fertilizer is introduced, as well as outflow and accumulation in ecosystems have been pointed out as problems.
[0003]
Therefore, techniques for adding various substances to impart disintegration / decomposability to polyolefin resins have been proposed, but there are problems with each of them, and satisfactory ones have not been obtained.
For example, a technique has been proposed in which a photodegradable resin is added to a polyolefin resin as a coating material to impart disintegration to the film. As the photodegradable resin, a diene polymer (Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-99207), a rubber resin (JP-B-5-30798), an ethylene / vinyl acetate / carbon monoxide copolymer (JP-B-2-23515), and a diene block copolymer (JP-A-3-75288) are disclosed. However, these do not promote the degradation of the polyolefin resin itself, which is the main coating material, and are disadvantageous in that it cannot be prevented from accumulating in the field and flowing out of the field due to degradation under exposure conditions. There is.
[0004]
Thus, a technique has been disclosed in which a specific organometallic complex is added to a polyolefin resin as a photodegradation accelerator to reduce the strength of the film and cause collapse (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-201786). Due to the collapse, it has the disadvantage that it is not a thing that can avoid accumulation in the field and outflow outside the field.
In addition, a technique in which low molecular weight polyolefin is an essential component and an organometallic complex is added to increase the disintegration property in the soil has been disclosed (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-231190). Has the disadvantage of becoming unstable.
[0005]
Furthermore, a technique for adding a biodegradable material to a polyolefin resin to cause the film to collapse is proposed. In this case, as the biodegradable material, a sugar polymer and a derivative thereof (JP-A-6-87684), an aliphatic polyester (special The use of Kaihei 9-263476) is disclosed. However, it does not promote the degradation of the polyolefin resin, which is the main coating material. In addition, it has problems that the elution pattern is increased due to the increase in biodegradable materials and the elution controllability in soil is unstable. is doing.
Techniques have been disclosed in which two or more substances selected from oxidation promoting substances, biodegradable substances, sublimable substances, and water-soluble substances are added to polyolefin resins to cause the film to collapse (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 6-144981 and 7). -48194, JP-A-9-309783, JP-A-9-309784, JP-A-10-1386) are put into practical use due to complicated film composition, poor storage stability, and unstable elution controllability. Not reached.
In order to compensate for the drawbacks of the above-described technique, techniques for coating granular fertilizer with a coating of two or more layers have been disclosed (JP-A-7-133179, JP-A-9-194280, JP-A-9-194281, JP-A-10-25179, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 10-218693 and 10-231191) have not been put into practical use because the covering operation becomes complicated.
[0006]
On the other hand, various techniques for imparting degradability to the covering material itself have been disclosed, but each has its own drawbacks, and has not yet been fully solved. For example, a technique in which a photodegradable resin is the main component of the film has been proposed, and as the photodegradable resin, an ethylene / carbon monoxide copolymer (JP-B-2-23516), a vinyl ketone copolymer (JP-B-7-506). Olefins, carbon monoxide and olefinically unsaturated compound copolymers (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-56568) have been shown to be used, but these are accumulated in the field and field because of decomposition under exposure conditions. There is a problem that the elution controllability becomes unstable due to the alteration of the film during storage.
In addition, a technique using a biodegradable resin as a main component of the film has also been proposed. As the biodegradable resin, various aliphatic polyesters (JP-B-2-23517, JP-B-7-505, JP-A-4-89384, Kaihei 5-85873, JP-A-7-33577, JP-A-7-61884, JP-A-7-315976, JP-A-8-157290, JP-A-9-24977, JP-A-10-7484) are known. There are problems that elution is unstable due to biodegradation in soil and elution patterns with elution stagnation period cannot be set due to high moisture permeability.
[0007]
Here, “elution controllability in soil is good” means that elution can be predicted only by moisture and temperature conditions in the soil, and that fertilization management in accordance with the growth of the crop should be possible. Means. “Unstable elution control” means that the disintegration / degradability of the film is affected not only by moisture and temperature, but also by microbial activity, pH, etc., making it difficult to predict changes, and therefore It is difficult to predict the elution promotion associated with this, which means that elution in the soil has not been controlled.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention satisfies the following three problems, can substantially avoid the environmental burden due to the non-disintegrating property of the film, and has excellent dissolution controllability of various dissolution patterns, and coated coating for the same To provide materials.
The first problem of the present invention is to avoid the accumulation in the field by biodegradation of the polymer, which is a component of the coated granular fertilizer, in the soil, and the coating is easily disintegrated along with the decomposition so that the hollow particles It is to prevent floating and outflow to the outside of the field, and to prevent the outflowing film from accumulating in the ecosystem by decomposing it with microorganisms and ultraviolet rays.
[0009]
The second problem is to create various types of elution patterns by adjusting the coating material components. In particular, in order to obtain a sigmoid-type elution pattern, it is necessary to provide an appropriate elution stopping property by coating treatment. For example, in the case of a coated fertilizer made of a resin-only coating material, the dissolution rate, that is, the dissolution rate after 100 days at 25 ° C. is preferably 50% or less, more preferably 30% or less, and particularly preferably 10% or less. It is. The acceleration of the elution rate after the elution is stopped and the linearization of the elution pattern are adjusted by a conventional method, for example, addition of an inorganic filler or a surfactant into the film.
Furthermore, the third problem of the present invention is that the elution controllability in soil is good and the elution controllability is not changed due to alteration of the film during storage.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have intensively studied the properties of a polyolefin resin coating material capable of a sigmoid-type elution pattern. Absorption is observed at 1640 cm −1 , which is presumed that a double bond occurs in the main chain, which triggers biodegradation (Japan Rubber Association, 67 (6) 448-455 ('94), etc.), if a double bond is introduced into the main chain of the polyethylene resin in advance, biodegradability is promoted, and the properties relating to elution properties such as urea are maintained in the same way as the polyethylene resin. The present invention has been reached based on assumptions.
[0011]
That is, the gist of the present invention for solving the above problems is that the main chain does not have a cyclic structure and contains 2 to 100 carbon unsaturated double bonds per 1000 carbon atoms in the main chain. for coated granular fertilizer, characterized in that forming the biodegradable polyolefin resin comprising a copolymer of ethylene and a conjugated diene compound as a main polymer component of the coating co - coating material and該Ko - coating material in granular fertilizers It exists in the coated granular fertilizer.
[0012]
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an ethylene having a cyclic structure in the main chain and containing 2 to 100 carbon unsaturated double bonds per 1000 carbon atoms in the main chain is combined with a conjugated diene compound. The melt index of the biodegradable polyolefin resin comprising a copolymer is 0.01 to 1000, and the polyolefin resin is a coating material that is a copolymer of ethylene and 1,3-butadiene, and the copolymer. -Coated granular fertilizer in which granular fertilizer is coated with a tinging material.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
One component of the coating material for coated granular fertilizer of the present invention is a polyolefin resin containing 2 to 100 carbon unsaturated double bonds per 1000 carbon atoms in the main chain in the main chain, In particular, it is a polyethylene resin.
Examples of the olefin used in the production of the polyolefin resin of the present invention include ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 4-methylpentene-1, 1-hexene, 1-octene, etc., but the crystallinity, strength Ethylene and propylene are preferable from the viewpoint of elastic modulus and price, and ethylene is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of crystallization.
[0014]
The polyolefin resin containing a predetermined amount of carbon double bonds in the main chain of the present invention is obtained by copolymerizing an olefin, particularly ethylene and a conjugated diene compound.
Examples of the conjugated diene compound include 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, 2-ethyl-1,3-butadiene, 1,3-hexadiene, and the like. In view of price and reactivity, 1,3-butadiene and isoprene are preferable, and 1,3-butadiene is particularly preferable.
[0015]
The catalyst used in the copolymerization reaction can be appropriately selected and used from known catalysts used in this type of polymerization reaction. Specifically, a Ziegler catalyst (group IV transition metal compound (eg, Ti , Zr, Hf, etc.) and organic Al compounds, and highly active Ziegler catalysts (types supported on Mg, V, SiO 2 , eutectic types, etc.). -82104, JP-A-55-82105, JP-A-56-61406, JP-A-57-131206, JP-A-58-1708, JP-A-64-54007, etc. Further, other catalysts. Phillips catalyst (Cr-based), Standard Oil catalyst (Mo-based), Kaminsky catalyst, Brookhart catalyst, etc. Among them, Ziegler catalyst and highly active Ziegler catalyst are used as conjugated diene compounds. Is preferred 1,4-addition is preferable because it exhibits a certain degree of activity, and from the standpoint of activity, it is preferable to use a highly active Ziegler catalyst.
[0016]
An organic Al compound is preferably used as the cocatalyst, and examples of the organic Al compound include triethylaluminum, triisobutylaluminum, and diethylaluminum chloride. When such a catalyst is used, the polymerization reaction pressure is preferably 2 to 100 atm, particularly 5 to 30 atm.
The form of the polymerization reaction is not particularly limited, and slurry polymerization may be performed in an inert hydrocarbon solvent, or solution polymerization may be performed. Further, gas phase polymerization may be performed in the absence of a solvent. Slurry polymerization is simple in terms of process and suitable for a small scale, and in the case of slurry polymerization, polymerization is preferably performed at 50 to 90 ° C.
As another method, it is possible to produce a polyolefin-based resin by using peroxide as a catalyst and polymerizing under a high pressure of several hundred to several thousand atmospheres.
[0017]
The molar ratio of the conjugated diene compound and the olefin, for example, ethylene is not particularly limited, but is selected so that the main chain contains 2 to 100 carbon unsaturated double bonds per 1000 carbon atoms in the main chain. It is necessary.
The number of carbon unsaturated double bonds in the main chain is preferably 5 to 80, more preferably 7 to 70, per 1000 carbon atoms in the main chain. More preferably, it contains 10-50 pieces, and it is most preferable to contain 20-35 pieces.
When the number of carbon unsaturated double bonds is less than 2 per 1000 carbon atoms in the main chain, the decomposability is poor, and when it is more than 100, the crystallinity decreases or the stability deteriorates. Moreover, the elution rate of the fertilizer after coating is so large that it is impossible to create a sigmoid type elution pattern, and the biodegradability is so fast that the soil elution controllability becomes unstable.
[0018]
Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular in the molecular weight of polyolefin resin, MI (melt index) is what is 0.01-1000. When MI is larger than 1000, the strength of the film is lowered, which is not preferable. On the other hand, if MI is smaller than 0.01, it is difficult to dissolve in a solvent for coating, which is not preferable.
As MI, 0.1-100 are preferable, 0.5-50 are especially preferable, and 1-30 are the most preferable.
The molecular weight can be adjusted by introducing H 2 gas during the polymerization reaction.
[0019]
Polyolefin resins that do not have a branched structure in the main chain are preferred because the film tends to collapse, but in some cases, (short chain) branching is introduced to increase the strength of the film and increase toughness (toughness). May be. As the branch, a methyl branch, an ethyl branch, an n-butyl branch, an n-hexyl branch, an isobutyl branch and the like can be contained. Such branching can be obtained by copolymerizing propylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 4-methylpentene-1, and the like with ethylene, respectively. The number of branches is preferably 40 or less per 1000 carbon atoms in the main chain. As the kind of branching, higher alkyl branching or higher than ethyl branching is preferable.
Further, as a production method other than the copolymerization of ethylene and a conjugated diene compound, there is a method in which a rubber having a double bond in a main chain such as polybutadiene and polyisoprene is partially hydrogenated. Good.
[0020]
Since the polyolefin-based resin of the present invention has a specific amount of unsaturated bonds in the main chain, when the granular fertilizer is coated with a coating material containing this resin as an active ingredient, the coating is biodegraded, and the linear type and sigmoid type Thus, an elution pattern suitable for the growth of crops can be obtained, the elution controllability in soil is good, and the elution controllability does not change during storage.
The mechanism of the decomposition promotion of the polyolefin resin of the present invention is triggered by a carbon unsaturated bond site, undergoes oxidative decomposition in the presence of microbial enzymes and oxygen, is reduced in molecular weight, and receives light to generate radicals, As a result, the main chain is cleaved to reduce the molecular weight, but it is presumed that these low molecular weight hydrocarbons are further decomposed by the conventional mechanism.
As described above, since the coating made of the coating material containing the polyolefin resin of the present invention as the constituent component is decomposed, the polyolefin resin itself is decomposed. Therefore, conventionally, various types of polyolefin resins, photodegradable resins, and biodegradable resins 1 It is obvious that the decomposition mechanism is different from the coating material in which a decomposition accelerator is combined with more than the seeds, and therefore the characteristics of the granular fertilizer coated with the polyolefin resin are also different.
[0021]
When the polyolefin-based resin of the present invention is used as a coating material for granular fertilizers, the elution control of the fertilizer is performed using various additives as in the case of conventional resin-coated fertilizers, and the degradability of the film is within the range that does not impair the purpose. Can be increased.
For the purpose of promoting degradability, for example, one or more of a photodegradable material, a biodegradable material, an oxidation promoting substance, a photodegradation promoting substance, a sublimation substance, and the like can be added.
Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular as a photodegradable material, For example, the resin in which the photosensitive functional group was introduce | transduced, for example, the copolymer of carbon monoxide and olefins, a diene polymer, and a vinyl ketone copolymer are preferable. The addition amount is appropriately determined in consideration of elution controllability, degradability, and storage stability, but is generally 80% by weight or less, preferably 50% by weight or less, particularly preferably based on the whole polymer. Is 20 (weight)% or less. As a method of addition, if necessary for the polyolefin resin of the present invention, it may be uniformly dispersed using a compatibilizing agent or may be dispersed in the form of fine powder.
[0022]
There are no particular restrictions on the biodegradable material, but sugar polymers and derivatives thereof, proteins and derivatives thereof, aliphatic polyesters, aliphatic polyesters into which aromatic or cyclic ethers have been introduced, water-soluble resins (for example, polyethers, polyvinyl alcohols, Polymalic acid) is preferred. The addition amount is appropriately determined in consideration of elution controllability, degradability, and storage stability, but is generally 50% by weight or less, preferably 20% by weight or less, and particularly preferably based on the whole polymer. Is 10% by weight or less. As a method of addition, if necessary for the polyolefin resin of the present invention, it may be uniformly dispersed using a compatibilizing agent, or may be uniformly dispersed in a fine powder form.
[0023]
Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular as an oxidation promotion substance and a photodegradation promotion substance, The unsaturated fatty acid which has a carbon unsaturated bond, unsaturated fatty acid ester, fats and oils, a transition metal, a transition metal compound, and a transition metal complex are preferable. The amount to be added is appropriately determined in consideration of elution controllability, degradability and storage stability, but is generally 20% by weight or less, preferably 10% by weight or less, particularly preferably based on the whole polymer. Is 5 (wt)% or less.
Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular as a sublimation substance, A naphthalene, camphor, and sulfur are preferable. The addition amount is appropriately determined in consideration of elution controllability, degradability, and storage stability, but is generally equal to or less than the total polymer, preferably 50 (weight)% or less, particularly preferably 20 ( Weight)% or less.
In consideration of storage stability, a light stabilizer may be added.
[0024]
In addition, for the purpose of adjusting the elution pattern, one or more of a polyolefin polymer (for example, polyethylene) or a copolymer containing polyolefin (for example, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer) can be added. In particular, low molecular weight polyethylene wax is preferred because it is biodegradable. The addition amount is appropriately determined in consideration of elution controllability, degradability, and storage stability, but is generally equal to or less than the total polymer, preferably 50 (weight)% or less, particularly preferably 20 ( Weight)% or less.
Similarly, surfactants can be added for the purpose of adjusting the elution pattern. As the surfactant, any of a cationic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, and an amphoteric surfactant can be used. For example, nonionic interfaces such as polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether and polyoxyethylene alkyl ether are used. Activators are preferred. The addition amount is appropriately selected according to the target elution pattern.
[0025]
Furthermore, for the purpose of reducing the amount of expensive resin used and reducing temperature dependence, for example, it is preferable to add inorganic powder. In particular, natural inorganic minerals are preferable because they have high elution controllability and are inexpensive even when added in a considerable amount. Specific examples include talc, mica, sericite, glass flake, metal foil, graphite, plate-like iron oxide, plate-like aluminum hydroxide, hydrotalcite, charcoal cal, silica, clay, etc. Especially talc, mica , Charcoal cal, clay and the like are preferable. If any of these natural inorganic minerals is added too much, the film strength and the crushing strength are extremely lowered, and the elution controllability is lowered. From such a viewpoint, the addition ratio of the natural inorganic mineral in the film is in the range of 0 to 80% by weight. Further, any natural inorganic mineral preferably has a particle size that does not inhibit the continuity of the film and does not cause aggregation between the powders, for example, a particle size that is 1/2 or less of the film thickness.
In addition, other fertilizer components, agricultural chemicals such as plant bioactive substances, or plant growth promoting substances can be mixed in the film. There are no particular restrictions on the position of dispersion of these materials in the film.
[0026]
The granular fertilizer used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but urea is particularly preferred from the viewpoint of elution control, since it has a high fertilizer component and the most remarkable effect of fertilization. In addition, it is preferable to use a compound-type slow-acting fertilizer such as isobutylidene diurea, which has elution controllability, in the fertilizer itself, because more various elution controllability can be obtained. Furthermore, when the sphericity of the shape of the granular fertilizer is high, the coating uniformity becomes high, which is preferable.
[0027]
The coverage of the fertilizer of the present invention is not particularly limited, and is appropriately selected in consideration of economy, elution controllability, and degradability. In order to improve economy, a lower coverage is advantageous. On the other hand, in order to improve elution controllability, a higher coverage is advantageous. In order to improve the decomposability of the film, a low coverage with a small specific surface area is advantageous. Considering these, the coverage is in the range of 4 to 30%, preferably 6 to 20% by weight with respect to the weight of the fertilizer to be coated. Most preferably, it is 8 to 15% of range.
Considering elution controllability, decomposability, storage stability, and film strength, the film may have a structure of two or more layers.
[0028]
The coating method of the film is not particularly limited, and can be performed by a conventional method. However, the uniform coating property is improved by instantaneously drying the solvent after dissolving or dispersing the coating material used in the solvent and spraying it on the fertilizer. Therefore, it is preferable.
Any solvent may be used as long as it dissolves or disperses the coating material and can be quickly dried. Specifically, chlorinated hydrocarbons such as trichlorethylene and tetrachloroethylene, saturated hydrocarbons such as hexane and heptane, aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene, and the like are used.
[0029]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated further in detail by a manufacture example and an Example, this invention is not limited to a following example, unless the summary is exceeded.
In addition, the fundamental physical property and biodegradability of the production | generation polymer in the following manufacture example were measured with the following method.
I. Measurement of basic physical properties (1) MI measurement: Measurement was performed using a melt indexer based on ASTM-1238.
(2) Measurement of double bond introduction amount in main chain: Measured using 500 MHz-H-NMR.
(3) The amount of 1,4-addition (including the presence or absence of 1,2-addition products) was confirmed by 13 C-NMR.
[0030]
II. Measurement of biodegradability (1) Sample preparation method Films of each polymer produced (thickness 30 μm) were prepared with a pressure press machine and then cut into 10 cm to obtain specimens.
Figure 0004411705
[0031]
Production Example (I) Production of polyolefin resin [Production 1]
A 1 liter autoclave was charged with 420 ml of n-hexane, and a predetermined amount of 1,3-butadiene was charged. As the catalyst, there was used a highly active Ziegler catalyst which carries a Ti THF complex supported on SiO 2 described in JP-A-55-82104 and JP-A-55-82105. A triethylaluminum compound was used as the organic Al compound of the cocatalyst. After charging these catalysts, H 2 gas and further ethylene were introduced.
The polymerization reaction was carried out at 80 ° C. for 3 hours. The molecular weight was adjusted by the amount of H 2 gas, and the pressure was maintained at 10 atm as the total pressure of H 2 and ethylene.
After the polymerization was completed, 112 g of the produced polymer was obtained. The MI of the obtained polymer was 7.3. Further, when the amount of double bonds introduced into the main chain of the polymer was measured by NMR, 8 (per 1000 carbon atoms) were introduced.
[0032]
[Manufacturing 2]
The polymerization reaction was carried out in the same manner as in [Production 1] except that a highly active Ziegler catalyst of the Mg-Ti eutectic type described in JP-A-56-61406 was used as the catalyst, and the polymerization time was 1 hour. . After completion of the polymerization, 143 g of the produced polymer was obtained, and its MI was 32. Further, the number of introduced double bonds in the main chain of the polymer was 15.
[Manufacturing 3]
A polymerization reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Production 2, except that a 2-liter autoclave was used and the amount of 1,3-butadiene was increased and the polymerization time was 3 hours. After the completion of polymerization, 270 g of a produced polymer was obtained, and its MI was 15. The number of introduced double bonds in the main chain of the polymer was 24.
[0033]
The basic properties and biodegradability of the obtained polymer (resin) and control polymer are summarized in Table-1 and Table-2. In addition, the control polyethylene (made by Nippon Polychem) and polybutadiene (made by Nippon Zeon) used the commercial item.
[0034]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004411705
[0035]
Results of biodegradability test [Table 2]
Figure 0004411705
[0036]
Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-2
(1) Production of coated fertilizer Using the produced polymer (resin) and control polymer shown in Table 1 and 2 kg of spray solution (concentration 5 w / v%, 100 ° C.) dissolved in toluene, particle size 2 to 4 mm 1 kg of urea granules are spray-coated at a dry air (fluid gas) temperature of 90 ° C. and an air volume of 100 m 3 N 2 / hour using a jet coating device shown in FIG. The granular fertilizer was obtained (Examples 1-3, Comparative Examples 1-2).
Furthermore, using resin type (3) in Table 1, the film composition is resin type (3) / talc / ethylene nonylphenyl ether ethylene oxide 8-mole adduct = 6/4 / 0.5 (Example 4), resin type 3 ▼ / Clay / ethylene nonylphenyl ether ethylene oxide 8 mol adduct = 5/5 / 0.2 (Example 5) A coated granular fertilizer was obtained by the same method as described above.
In the apparatus of FIG. 1, the granular fertilizer 1 filled in the tank is sprayed with a dry air (fluid gas) 3 introduced from below, and a spray liquid (film solution) in which the film material is dissolved or dispersed therein ) The fertilizer is coated by spraying 2).
[0037]
(2) Evaluation of dissolution characteristics of coated fertilizer The following measurements a) to c) were performed, and the results are shown in Tables 3 to 4.
a) The coated fertilizer produced by the water elution measurement method (1) was poured into constant temperature water at 25 ° C. at a rate of 7 g / 200 cc, and urea nitrogen in the water was quantified over time.
b) Exposure treatment After the coated fertilizer produced in (1) was exposed to natural light for one month, elution measurement in water was performed in the same manner as in a).
c) 60 mg of nitrogen was added to the coated fertilizer produced by the elution measurement method (1) in soil for 200 g of alluvial soil dry soil, 350 cc of water was added, and the mixture was statically cultured at 25 ° C. The coated fertilizer was taken out from the soil over time, the residual nitrogen was quantified, and the elution amount was calculated.
[0038]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004411705
[0039]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004411705
[0040]
As is clear from the results shown in Table 2, the polyolefin resin containing 2 to 100 carbon unsaturated double bonds (per 1000 carbon atoms in the main chain) in the main chain of the present invention Breeding was observed and the biodegradability was observed, and the breeding degree of the straw was more active as the number of carbon unsaturated bonds increased. Moreover, as shown in Table-3, the elution stopping property in water with a fertilizer coated with resin alone is 10% or less at 25 ° C. for 100 days, indicating a sufficient elution stopping property. In the coating with the added agent, sigmoid type (elution speed is accelerated from the middle) and linear type elution are shown, and various elution patterns are obtained.
Furthermore, it is clear that the coated fertilizer of the present invention does not change its elution pattern even after exposure to natural light and has high storage stability. The results shown in Table 4 clearly show that the elution pattern in the soil is the same as the elution pattern in water, and that the elution controllability in the soil is good, and the object of the present invention is achieved.
[0041]
On the other hand, polyethylene (PE) having no carbon unsaturated bond shows good results in elution stopping property and soil elution controllability (Tables 3 and 4), but biodegradability is not recognized (Table- 2) Polybutadiene (PB) having 250 carbon unsaturated bonds was excellent in biodegradability (Table 2), but it was not only insufficient in stopping dissolution in water but also eluted during storage. Change from 40% to 80% after 40 days (Table 3), and the dissolution rate in soil increases by 10% or more (with respect to water) (Tables 3 and 4). Not achieved.
[0042]
【The invention's effect】
The coated granular fertilizer coated with a coating material comprising at least one polyolefin-based resin containing 2 to 100 carbon unsaturated double bonds per 1000 carbon atoms in the main chain in the main chain is substantially Since the environmental load of the film can be avoided and the elution controllability of various elution patterns is good, the coated fertilizer coated with the coating material is extremely useful.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a jet-type coating apparatus used in the production of coated fertilizers of Examples.
1 Granular fertilizer 2 Coating solution 3 Dry air (fluid gas)
4 Guide tube

Claims (5)

主鎖中に、環状構造を有せず、主鎖中の炭素数1000個当たり2〜100個の炭素不飽和二重結合を含有するエチレンと共役ジエン化合物との共重合体からなる生分解性ポリオレフィン系樹脂を皮膜の主高分子成分となすことを特徴とする被覆粒状肥料用コ−ティング材。 Biodegradability comprising a copolymer of ethylene and a conjugated diene compound having no cyclic structure in the main chain and containing 2 to 100 carbon unsaturated double bonds per 1000 carbon atoms in the main chain A coated material for coated granular fertilizer, comprising a polyolefin resin as a main polymer component of the film . 生分解性ポリオレフィン系樹脂のメルトインデックスが0.01〜1000であることを特徴とする請求項1記載のコ−ティング材。 The coating material according to claim 1, wherein the biodegradable polyolefin resin has a melt index of 0.01 to 1,000. 生分解性ポリオレフィン系樹脂はエチレンと1,3−ブタジエンとの共重合体であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載のコ−ティング材。 The coating material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the biodegradable polyolefin resin is a copolymer of ethylene and 1,3-butadiene . 主鎖中に、環状構造を有せず、主鎖中の炭素数1000個当たり2〜100個の炭素不飽和二重結合を含有するエチレンと共役ジエン化合物との共重合体からなる生分解性ポリオレフィン系樹脂を皮膜の主高分子成分となすコーティング材で粒状肥料が被覆されたことを特徴とする被覆粒状肥料。 Biodegradability comprising a copolymer of ethylene and a conjugated diene compound having no cyclic structure in the main chain and containing 2 to 100 carbon unsaturated double bonds per 1000 carbon atoms in the main chain Coated granular fertilizer, characterized in that the granular fertilizer is coated with a coating material comprising a polyolefin resin as the main polymer component of the film . 請求項2及び/又は3に記載のコーティング材で粒状肥料が被覆された被覆粒状肥料。Coated granular fertilizer in which granular fertilizer is coated with the coating material according to claim 2 and / or 3.
JP27431899A 1999-09-28 1999-09-28 Coating material for coated granular fertilizer and coated granular fertilizer using the same Expired - Lifetime JP4411705B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP27431899A JP4411705B2 (en) 1999-09-28 1999-09-28 Coating material for coated granular fertilizer and coated granular fertilizer using the same

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP27431899A JP4411705B2 (en) 1999-09-28 1999-09-28 Coating material for coated granular fertilizer and coated granular fertilizer using the same

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2001089280A JP2001089280A (en) 2001-04-03
JP4411705B2 true JP4411705B2 (en) 2010-02-10

Family

ID=17539989

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP27431899A Expired - Lifetime JP4411705B2 (en) 1999-09-28 1999-09-28 Coating material for coated granular fertilizer and coated granular fertilizer using the same

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP4411705B2 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105461429A (en) * 2015-12-02 2016-04-06 深圳市芭田生态工程股份有限公司 Coated controlled-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2001089280A (en) 2001-04-03

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
KR100340610B1 (en) Granular fertilizer coated with decomposable coating film and process for producing the same
US7592408B2 (en) Olefin copolymers containing hydrolytically cleavable linkages and use thereof in degradable products
US7399817B2 (en) Olefin copolymers containing hydrolytically cleavable linkages and use thereof in degradable products
KR890002933B1 (en) Preparation of low density low modulus ethylene copolymers in a fluidized bed
JPH07500868A (en) Chemically degradable polyolefin film
SG172397A1 (en) Absorbing resin particles, process for producing same, and absorbent and absorbing article both including same
EP0435557A2 (en) Dimethylaluminum chloride-activated olefin polymerisation catalyst composition
JPH03146492A (en) Coated granular fertilizer with degradable coating film
JP4050052B2 (en) Coated granular fertilizer
JP4411705B2 (en) Coating material for coated granular fertilizer and coated granular fertilizer using the same
JP4411706B2 (en) Coating material for coated granular fertilizer and coated granular fertilizer using the same
JPH05209016A (en) Catalyst composition for producing linear low-density ethylene-hexene copolymer, and film produced from said copolymer
JPH07309689A (en) Slow-release fertilizer and method for producing the same
JP4804632B2 (en) Degradable sigmoid-eluting coated granular fertilizer
JP4212677B2 (en) Degradable coating-coated granular fertilizer and method for producing the same
JPH07206565A (en) Coated granular fertilizer containing minor element
JP2001031489A (en) Degradable film-coated fertilizer excellent in preventing property of floating
JP4014699B2 (en) Coated granular fertilizer
CN113402735A (en) Water-absorbent resin particles easily subjected to dehydration treatment and process for producing the same
JP2000143379A (en) Granules with degradable coating
JP2004002158A (en) Coated granular fertilizer
EP0577627A1 (en) Ionically and covalently crosslinked biodegradable barrier films of ionomer polymer
JPH0971666A (en) Agricultural coating film
JP4097302B2 (en) Coated granular fertilizer
JP2000239090A (en) Granular fertilizer coated with degradable coating film

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A621 Written request for application examination

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621

Effective date: 20060904

RD03 Notification of appointment of power of attorney

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A7423

Effective date: 20060904

A977 Report on retrieval

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007

Effective date: 20090805

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20090811

A521 Written amendment

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20090925

TRDD Decision of grant or rejection written
A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

Effective date: 20091027

A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20091109

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20121127

Year of fee payment: 3

R150 Certificate of patent or registration of utility model

Ref document number: 4411705

Country of ref document: JP

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20121127

Year of fee payment: 3

S111 Request for change of ownership or part of ownership

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313113

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20121127

Year of fee payment: 3

R350 Written notification of registration of transfer

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20131127

Year of fee payment: 4

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

EXPY Cancellation because of completion of term