JP4411864B2 - New baker's yeast - Google Patents
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- JP4411864B2 JP4411864B2 JP2003141040A JP2003141040A JP4411864B2 JP 4411864 B2 JP4411864 B2 JP 4411864B2 JP 2003141040 A JP2003141040 A JP 2003141040A JP 2003141040 A JP2003141040 A JP 2003141040A JP 4411864 B2 JP4411864 B2 JP 4411864B2
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- maltose
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- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 title claims description 112
- 235000014680 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 112
- 235000008429 bread Nutrition 0.000 claims description 123
- OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 100676-05-9 Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(OC(O)C(O)C2O)CO)O1 OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 89
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N Maltose Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N 0.000 claims description 89
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 82
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 53
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 53
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 210000000349 chromosome Anatomy 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009402 cross-breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007362 sporulation medium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 27
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 23
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 23
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 8
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 description 7
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 229920000945 Amylopectin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl formate Chemical compound OCC(CO)OC=O LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000856 Amylose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 108010028144 alpha-Glucosidases Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000016127 added sugars Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 108090000637 alpha-Amylases Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000004139 alpha-Amylases Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 102000016679 alpha-Glucosidases Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 229940024171 alpha-amylase Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000014593 oils and fats Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011218 seed culture Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 240000001548 Camellia japonica Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108700005081 Overlapping Genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N beta-maltose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001055 chewing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000018597 common camellia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000004748 cultured cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003071 maltose group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 108010037640 maltose permease Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013028 medium composition Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229940057059 monascus purpureus Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002688 persistence Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108091008025 regulatory factors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000037983 regulatory factors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000130 stem cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 210000005253 yeast cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Bakery Products And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明はパン用の酵母、パン酵母を含有するパン生地、ならびにパン酵母を使用するパンの製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
パンは通常、小麦粉、水、パン酵母、砂糖(糖類)、食塩、油脂、乳製品、その他の副原料をミキシングし、パン酵母による発酵を行い製造される。パン酵母の発酵基質となる砂糖はパンの種類により添加量が変わり、全く添加されないフランスパンから、少量添加される食パン、さらには砂糖添加量が多い菓子パンまで様々な種類のものがある。
【0003】
また、パンの製法には、主としてストレート法と中種法がある。ストレート法は小麦粉にパン酵母、砂糖、食塩、油脂、水等を添加、ミキシングして発酵させる方法である。一方、中種法は、小麦粉の一部にパン酵母と水を加えてミキシングした生地を作製し、一次発酵即ち中種発酵を行った後、ミキサーに戻し、残りの小麦粉、砂糖数%、食塩、油脂等を加え再度ミキシングした後、二次発酵即ち本捏発酵を行う。
【0004】
こうした砂糖添加量や製法の違いにより、パン酵母の適性は異なる。食パンのような低糖濃度での中種法では、中種発酵時にパン酵母が活性化されるため、本捏生地では急激に発酵が進むことになる。このため、添加砂糖量が数%と少ない本捏生地では、発酵により生地中の添加した砂糖を活発に消費するため基質の量律速となる。本捏初期発酵力の高いパン酵母程、時間と共に炭酸ガス発生量が低下する問題があった。このため、ホイロ発酵の後半から生地膨張速度が低下し、一定のパン容積を得るために要するホイロ時間が長引く欠点がみられ、また焼成時の窯伸びも不十分となる。
【0005】
通常砂糖を添加していない無糖生地では、パン酵母は小麦粉中のマルトースをマルターゼにより2分子のグルコースに分解後、発酵する。
【0006】
マルターゼをコードするマルターゼ遺伝子は、マルトース透過酵素をコードする遺伝子及びこれらの発現に必要な制御因子をコードする遺伝子の3遺伝子によりマルトース発酵性遺伝子を構成している(非特許文献1)。マルトース発酵性遺伝子は異なる5本の染色体上に存在する重複遺伝子であることが知られており、そのうち1遺伝子を保有し、発現すればマルトース発酵性を示すこととなる(非特許文献2)。
【0007】
一般にマルターゼは、マルトースの存在下で発現する誘導酵素(非特許文献3)であり、グルコースの存在下では発現は抑制されるため、通常の食パンのような砂糖を加える生地では抑制された状態にある。一方、制御因子をコードする遺伝子の変異により構成的に発現する例(非特許文献4、5、6)が報告されており、且つこれらが劣性発現する例(非特許文献7)、及び優性発現する例(非特許文献8、9)が報告されている。
【0008】
既に、構成的に発現するマルトース発酵性遺伝子により、パン酵母の無糖発酵力が向上した例がみられるが(非特許文献10)、本発明のような低糖生地に関する内容ではなく、また、構成的マルトース発酵性遺伝子も1遺伝子保有しているのみである。通常の発酵では、パン酵母の保有する構成的マルトース発酵性遺伝子が1遺伝子でもグルコース低抑制性を示すが、中種法の本捏発酵では、グルコース低抑制性を示さない。
【0009】
また、上記のような発酵力の問題に加え、特に食パンにおいて問題となるのが老化である。老化は、小麦粉の主成分であるデンプンの結晶状態変化により生じる。
【0010】
以下老化について説明する。小麦粉の約70%を占めるデンプンは、ブドウ糖を構成単位として長く連なった構造をしており、ブドウ糖の結合方法の違いにより、直鎖状のアミロースと分枝状のアミロペクチンの2つに種別され、それらによりデンプン粒を形成している。
【0011】
パン生地の焼成段階で小麦粉中のデンプンは水の共存下で加熱されることにより、アミロースはデンプン粒外へ流出し、一方分枝状であるアミロペクチンはその側鎖が開き、水分子が結合して結晶性を失い、この結果、焼成直後のデンプンは柔らかな糊状となっている。このうちアミロースは焼成したパンの粗熱がとれる比較的短時間の間に急速にゲルを形成するが、まだ柔らかい状態で商品性は高い。
【0012】
しかし、数日の時間経過で分枝状のアミロペクチンから水分子が放出され、アミロペクチンの側鎖は閉じていき、元の結晶状態へと戻って行くとパンのみずみずしさ、柔らかさは失われ、ぱさついた状態即ち一般に老化とよばれる現象が進行し、パンの商品価値は低下する(非特許文献11)。
【0013】
パンの製造には、パンの老化を抑制するため、乳化剤やαアミラーゼなどが広く使用されている。乳化剤としては、モノグリセライド、有機酸モノグリセライドなどが使用され、これらはアミロース及びアミロペクチンと複合体を形成することで、再結晶化を抑制し老化を遅らせる効果を示す(非特許文献12)。
【0014】
一方、αアミラーゼはアミロペクチンを部分分解してデキストリンとすることにより、元の分子状態に戻りにくくさせる事により再結晶化を抑制し老化を遅らせている(非特許文献13)。
【0015】
このように添加物により老化の抑制が講じられているが、完全には老化を避けることはできず、また乳化剤使用によりパン咀嚼時のくちゃつき感が発生し食感が低下するのが現状である。
【0016】
【非特許文献1】
医学出版センター、「酵母のニューバイオテクノロジー」、1990年、235頁
【0017】
【非特許文献2】
Adv.Carbohydr.Chem.Biochem、1976年、32巻、126−234頁
【0018】
【非特許文献3】
Biochim.Biophys.Acta.、1970年、204巻、590−609頁
【0019】
【非特許文献4】
Mol.Cell.Biol.、1986年、6巻、2757−2765頁
【0020】
【非特許文献5】
Mol.Gen.Genet., 1974年,134巻,261−272頁
【0021】
【非特許文献6】
Mol.Gen.Genet.、1971年、112巻、317−322頁
【0022】
【非特許文献7】
Mol.Cell.Biol.、1986年、6巻、2757頁−2765頁
【0023】
【非特許文献8】
Mol.Gen.Genet.、1974年、134巻、261頁−272頁
【0024】
【非特許文献9】
Mol.Gen.Genet.、1971年、112巻、317頁−322頁
【0025】
【非特許文献10】
化学と生物、1991年、29巻、258−262頁
【0026】
【非特許文献11】
パン科学会誌、2001年、47巻、9,10号、3−15頁
【0027】
【非特許文献12】
パン科学会誌、1999年、45巻、7号、3−23頁
【0028】
【非特許文献13】
パン科学会誌、2001年、47巻、5号、5−15頁
【0029】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明では、第一に中種法の本捏工程での炭酸ガス発生量の持続性を高めることでホイロ時間を短縮させ、良好な窯伸び性と従来よりも柔らかな食感が得られることを可能とするパン酵母の開発、および第二に乳化剤、αアミラーゼなどの添加剤や製法による老化遅延法以外の老化抑制法を提供し、今までよりも柔らかな食感が持続し、パンの商品価値を高めることを可能とするパン酵母の開発を目的としている。
【0030】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記課題解決のため、小麦粉中のマルトースを活用することにより、糖律速を補いガス発生量の向上を追求した。
【0031】
本発明者らは、グルコースに抑制されずにマルトース発酵を行い発酵性の糖量を増加させるパン酵母の作製を鋭意検討した。その結果、構成的に発現するグルコース低抑制性のマルトース発酵性遺伝子を有する胞子株を取得し、このような構成的マルトース発酵性遺伝子を3遺伝子保有する株は、食パン本捏発酵において、グルコース存在下でもマルトース発酵を開始し、持続性のある発酵が得られることを見いだした。
【0032】
これにより、本捏発酵時にみられたガス発生量低下は減少し、かつ窯伸びの良好なパン酵母が得られた。また、こうしたガス発生量増大と窯伸びの改善により、ソフトな食パンが得られ、老化に対する抑制効果を有していた。
【0033】
すなわち本発明は、サッカロミセス・セレビシエ属に属するマルトース発酵力を有する複数の菌株を元株とし、これらの菌株を胞子形成培地により胞子を形成させ、下記(1)〜(5)のステップで交雑育種を実施することにより、構成的に発現するマルトース発酵性遺伝子を3遺伝子保有する交雑株を得、この交雑株より食パン中種法本捏発酵力を指標に選択することにより、小麦粉70g、65%水分換算したパン酵母2.2g、水40mlを加えてミキシングした中種生地を30℃、4時間発酵した後、小麦粉30g、砂糖6g、食塩2g、水19mlを添加し、本捏ミキシング後、生地を30℃で30分間インキュベートしてから38℃で2時間測定した炭酸ガス発生量が該生地50gあたり320ml以上である、中種法によるパン製造用のパン酵母を取得する方法に関する。
(1)分離胞子株より高マルトース発酵株を選択する。続いてこれら胞子株に非マルトース発酵株を交雑し、交雑株のマルトース発酵力から胞子株マルトース発酵性の優性、劣性を判定する。
(2)異なる元株に由来する優性、高マルトース発酵株を交雑することにより構成的マルトース発酵性遺伝子を2遺伝子保有する株を作製する。
(3)更に構成的マルトース発酵性遺伝子を3遺伝子保有する菌株を作製するために、(2)の交雑株を胞子化しマルトース発酵性に関する4分子分析よりマルトース発酵性遺伝子が同一染色体上に存在するか否かを判定する。
(4)マルトース発酵性遺伝子が異なる染色体上に存在すると想定される交雑株のマルトース発酵性分離比より、マルトース発酵性遺伝子を2遺伝子保有すると推定される胞子株を選択する。
(5)(4)よりマルトース発酵性遺伝子を2遺伝子保有すると推定される胞子株と他の元株由来の優性、構成的に発現するマルトース発酵性遺伝子を有する胞子株との間で交雑株を作製し、優性、構成的に発現するマルトース発酵性遺伝子を3遺伝子保有する株とする。
【0037】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明につき、さらに詳細に説明する。尚、本明細書において使用される用語は、以下に特に説明する場合を除いて、当該分野で通常に使用される用語の意味と同一であり、「部」、「%」は特に断りのない限り重量基準である。
【0038】
本発明のパン酵母は食パン中種法の本捏発酵に持続性を有している。即ち本発明のパン酵母は、日本イースト工業会編「パン用酵母試験法」に準拠して、小麦粉70g、水分65%換算したパン酵母2.2g、水40mlを加えて3分間中種ミキシングした中種生地を30℃で4時間発酵した後、小麦粉30g、砂糖6g、食塩2g、水19mlを添加し、3分間本捏ミキシング後、生地を30℃で30分間インキュベートしてから38℃で2時間測定した炭酸ガス発生量が該生地50gあたり、320ml以上、好ましくは330ml以上、より好ましくは340ml以上であることを特徴とする。ミキシングの例として、ホバート社製N−50型卓上ミキサーを用いて速度1で実施した。
【0039】
一般に、食パン中種法の本捏発酵の初期ガス発生量が高いパン酵母は本捏生地中の糖消費が早く、炭酸ガス発生の低下も早い結果となる。しかし、本発明のパン酵母を用いれば、初期ガス発生量が高いにも関わらず、炭酸ガス発生の持続性を有している。
【0040】
また本発明のパン酵母は胞子株の交雑により作製したパン酵母を例として挙げるが、自然界からの分離株でも何ら差し支えない。
【0041】
本発明において構成的に発現するマルトース発酵性遺伝子を保有するパン酵母とは、高マルトース発酵力を示しかつ生地系でグルコース抑制性の少ない発酵力を示す菌株のことをいい、そのために、マルトース発酵力測定において、乾燥菌体100mgあたり100mg以上の炭酸ガス発生量を示す。
【0042】
ここで、マルトース発酵力の測定は、次のように行った。まず表1の組成の培地を5ml/大型試験管、50ml/500ml坂口フラスコに分注し、オートクレーブ殺菌した後、培養に使用した。交雑育種株1白金耳を大型試験管に植菌し、30℃で20時間振とう培養後、500ml坂口フラスコに全量継植し、更に30℃で17時間振とう培養した培養液10mlを採取し、遠心分離後、水洗した菌体を用いて次のようにマルトース発酵力を測定した。
【0043】
【表1】
マルトース発酵力測定は表2に示した組成の発酵液を100ml三角フラスコに15ml分注し、上記培養菌体を5mlの水に懸濁してから該発酵液に加えて、総重量を測定後、33℃で4時間インキュベートし、再度総重量を測定して、初期重量から炭酸ガス発生により減少した値をマルトース発酵力とした。
【0044】
【表2】
【0045】
構成的に発現するマルトース発酵性遺伝子を1遺伝子保有する交雑株の場合、食パン中種法本捏生地での初期炭酸ガス発生量の高い交雑株を取得可能であった。しかし、それら交雑株の炭酸ガス発生量は時間とともに低下し、持続性がみられなかった。一方、構成的に発現するマルトース発酵性遺伝子を3遺伝子保有する交雑株は、炭酸ガス発生量が時間とともに低下することもなく、発酵の持続性がみられた。
【0046】
構成的に発現するマルトース発酵性遺伝子を3遺伝子保有する交雑株を得るために、本発明ではまず無糖発酵力の高い自然界からの分離株および保存菌株から胞子株を取得し、それらから構成的に発現するマルトース発酵性遺伝子を有する胞子株を選択し、続いて選択した胞子株を異なる接合型でマルトース発酵力が50mg以下の胞子株と交雑し、交雑株のマルトース発酵検定により優性、構成的に発現するマルトース発酵性遺伝子をもった胞子株を複数選択した。
【0047】
本発明のパン酵母のマルトース発酵性遺伝子はグルコース低抑制性である。マルトース発酵性遺伝子はグルコースの存在により発酵が抑制されるが、本発明におけるパン酵母は低抑制性マルトース発酵性遺伝子を保有し、パン酵母はグルコース存在下でもマルトース発酵が進行する。本発明のパン酵母は低糖生地で砂糖が生地中に存在してもマルトース発酵するため本捏生地における炭酸ガス発生量の増加をもたらし、その結果、持続性を示すことになる。
【0048】
上記で選択した構成的に発現するマルトース発酵性遺伝子をもつ胞子株を相互に交雑し、作製した交雑株より中種法本捏発酵力の高い菌株を選択した。これらは構成的に発現するマルトース発酵性遺伝子を3遺伝子保有しており、選択株からは本捏初期発酵力が高くかつ、本捏発酵力の炭酸ガス発生に持続性を有する菌株が得られた。
【0049】
本発明のパン酵母を用いて作製したパンは、従来のパン酵母を用いて作製したパンよりも老化が遅いことに特徴を有している。パンの硬さは、一般的にパンに荷重を加えた時のパンからの応力値で表すため、数値が小さいほどパンが柔らかいことを示し、パンが老化するほどこの数値が大きくなっていく。
【0050】
本発明でいう乳化剤、汎用パン酵母を使用した食パンとは、表3に示した標準的な配合で、表4に示したような条件で作製したパンのことである。一方、乳化剤無添加パンとは、表5に示した乳化剤無添加の配合で、表4に示したような条件で作製したパンのことである。
【0051】
【表3】
【0052】
【表4】
【0053】
【表5】
【0054】
乳化剤及び汎用パン酵母を使用したパンを室温で3日間保存すると、乳化剤無添加パンと比べて、レオナー測定値が10%以上低く、食感上も柔らかくなる。本発明のパン酵母では乳化剤無添加でパンを製造しても、乳化剤、汎用パン酵母を使用したパンと較べて−5%〜+5%の硬さであり、食感上も差が感じられない。また、乳化剤と本発明のパン酵母を併用すると、乳化剤無添加で本発明のパン酵母を用いて製造したパンに較べ、更にレオナー測定値が10%以上低下し、食感上も柔らかくなる。
【0055】
ここで、レオナー測定値とは、上記の条件で焼成したパンの端から2cm厚で2枚を切り捨てた後、更に2cm厚で6枚をスライスし、クラムの中心部より5cm四方の大きさの断片を切り取り山電製レオナー(RE3305)にて生地の硬さを測定した値の事である。
【0056】
本発明のパン酵母を用いて食パン中種法により食パンを製造した場合、従来のパン酵母と比べてホイロ時間の短縮または比容積の増大がみられ、かつ窯伸び良好となり、膜が薄く、ソフトな食パンが得られた。
【0057】
本発明において、パン酵母はサッカロミセス・セレビシエ(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)に属し、上記方法により選択した交雑株が好ましく、KSY290が例示できる。このKSY290株はサッカロミセス・セレビシエと同定され、本菌株は2002年5月17日にFERM P−18863として独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所特許生物寄託センター(日本国茨城県つくば市東1丁目1番地中央第6)に寄託されている。
【0058】
【実施例】
以下に本発明の実施例を記載するがこれらは本発明を例示的に記載するのみで本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。なお、以下の実施例に使用した材料について、小麦粉は日清製粉(株)社製のカメリアを使用し、イーストフードはイーストフードC(鐘淵化学工業(株)社製)、ショートニングはスノーライト(鐘淵化学工業(株)社製)を使用した。また乳化剤はモノグリセリド、コハク酸モノグリセリドから成る理研ビタミン(株)社製のパンマック200Bを使用した。その他の製パン材料および製パン副原料は、一般小売店から入手可能なものを使用した。また、対照菌株は鐘淵化学工業(株)から市販されているパン酵母2株及び交雑株RKB34を用いた。
従来パン酵母A(鐘淵化学工業(株)製REDイースト)
従来パン酵母B(鐘淵化学工業(株)製MYイースト)
RKB34(マルトース発酵性遺伝子1個を有する交雑株)
【0059】
<レオナー測定値の求め方>
山電レオナー(RE3305)により、以下の条件に従って、レオナー値を測定した。
プランジャー :6cm×6cm
ロードセル :2kgf
アンプの倍率 :1倍
測定点数 :550個
測定時間 :55sec
測定歪率 :50%
測定速度 :1mm/sec
戻り距離 :5mm
パンの厚さ :20mm
接触面積 :2500mm2
【0060】
(実施例1) 交雑育種
本出願人が保有するサッカロミセス・セレビシエ保存菌株よりマルトース発酵力を有する複数の菌株を元株として使用した。これらの菌株を胞子形成培地により胞子を形成させ、次のステップで交雑育種を実施した。
(1)分離胞子株より高マルトース発酵株を選択した。続いてこれら胞子株に非マルトース発酵株を交雑し、交雑株のマルトース発酵力から胞子株マルトース発酵性の優性、劣性を判定した。
(2)異なる元株に由来する優性、高マルトース発酵株を交雑することにより構成的マルトース発酵性遺伝子を2遺伝子保有する株を作製した。
(3)更に構成的マルトース発酵性遺伝子を3遺伝子保有する菌株を作製するために、(2)の交雑株を胞子化しマルトース発酵性に関する4分子分析よりマルトース発酵性遺伝子が同一染色体上に存在するか否かを判定した。
(4)マルトース発酵性遺伝子が異なる染色体上に存在すると想定される交雑株のマルトース発酵性分離比より、マルトース発酵性遺伝子を2遺伝子保有すると推定される胞子株を選択した。
(5)(4)よりマルトース発酵性遺伝子を2遺伝子保有すると推定される胞子株と他の元株由来の優性、構成的に発現するマルトース発酵性遺伝子を有する胞子株との間で交雑株を作製し、優性、構成的に発現するマルトース発酵性遺伝子を3遺伝子保有する株とした。
【0061】
上記の(2)および(5)の交雑株より食パン中種法本捏発酵力を指標に選択し、本発明のKSY290株を取得した。
【0062】
(実施例2) パン酵母菌体の作製方法
・バッチ培養
表6組成の培地を5ml/大型試験管、50ml/500ml坂口フラスコに分注し、オートクレーブ殺菌した後、培養に使用した。
交雑育種株1白金耳を大型試験管に全量植菌し、30℃、1日間振とう培養後、500ml坂口フラスコに継植、さらに30℃、1日管振とう培養により作製したバッチ培養菌体を以下の5Lジャーの種母培養、ならびに実施例3の2%グルコース低糖生地発酵力測定に供した。
【0063】
【表6】
【0064】
・5Lジャー種母培養
5Lジャーに表7組成の培地2Lを入れて、オートクレーブ殺菌後、500ml坂口フラスコ5本分の菌体を植菌し表8の条件で種母培養を行った。
【0065】
【表7】
【0066】
【表8】
【0067】
・5Lジャー本培養
始発液量を表9の培地組成で、5Lジャーで培養した種母菌体を湿菌体として50g添加し、表10の条件で本培養を行った。
【0068】
【表9】
【0069】
【表10】
【0070】
13時間培養を行い、糖は12時間培養の間に分割添加した。バッチ培養、ならびに5Lジャー培養菌体は培養終了後直ちに遠心分離し、ヌッチェにより吸引脱水し湿菌体を作製、以下の実施例に使用した。実験に使用する際には、湿菌体の水分含量を測定し、使用量は65%水分に換算した。
【0071】
(実施例3) グルコース2%低糖生地発酵力
表11に示すパン生地において、実施例2のバッチ培養後、ヌッチェにより吸引脱水、作製したパン酵母KSY290の湿菌体について炭酸ガス発生量を測定した。その結果を表12に示す。その際、炭酸ガス発生量測定法は、表11の生地組成でホバート卓上ミキサーにより3分間ミキシングし、38℃、4時間の炭酸ガス発生量をファーモグラフ(ATTO社製)にて測定し、550mlの炭酸ガス発生に要する時間を比較した。その結果は、表12に示す。
【0072】
【表11】
【0073】
【表12】
【0074】
(比較例1)
パン酵母として、従来パン酵母Aを用いた以外は、実施例3と同様にして、炭酸ガス発生量を測定し、550mlの炭酸ガス発生に要する時間を求めた。その結果は、表12に示す。
【0075】
(比較例2)
パン酵母として、従来パン酵母Bを用いた以外は、実施例3と同様にして、炭酸ガス発生量を測定し、550mlの炭酸ガス発生に要する時間を求めた。その結果は、表12に示す。
【0076】
炭酸ガス発生の基質は添加したグルコース2%と小麦粉中に元々存在するマルトースであり、通常、パン酵母はグルコース発酵後にマルトース発酵するため、全基質からの炭酸ガス発生が終了するにはかなりの時間を要する。本発明のパン酵母はグルコース2%と小麦粉中のマルトースから発酵される全炭酸ガス発生量に近い550mlの炭酸ガスを165分で発生、終了させ、従来パン酵母A、Bよりも著しく早い。本発明のパン酵母はグルコースの存在下でもグルコース発酵とマルトース発酵が平行して進行し、グルコース抑制性が低いことを示している。
【0077】
(実施例4) 中種法本捏発酵力
表13に示すパン生地においてパン酵母KSY290について炭酸ガス発生量を測定した。その結果を表14に示す。その際炭酸ガス発生量測定法は表13の生地組成でホバート卓上ミキサーにより3分間ミキシング、30℃、4時間の中種発酵を行い、発酵した中種生地と本捏生地の材料を混合、更に3分間ミキシングし、分割した生地玉50gについて30℃、30分間ベンチタイムを取った後、38℃でのガス発生量を2時間測定した。また、ベンチタイム後1時間までの炭酸ガス発生量に対する、ベンチタイム後1時間から2時間までの炭酸ガス発生量の比率も算出した。
【0078】
【表13】
【0079】
【表14】
【0080】
(比較例3)
パン酵母として、RKB34を用いた以外は、実施例4と同様にして、38℃での炭酸ガス発生量を2時間測定した。また、ベンチタイム後1時間までの炭酸ガス発生量に対する、ベンチタイム後1時間から2時間までの炭酸ガス発生量の比率も算出した。その結果は、表14に示す。
【0081】
(比較例4)
パン酵母として、従来パン酵母Aを用いた以外は、実施例4と同様にして、38℃での炭酸ガス発生量を2時間測定した。また、ベンチタイム後1時間までの炭酸ガス発生量に対する、ベンチタイム後1時間から2時間までの炭酸ガス発生量の比率も算出した。その結果は、表14に示す。
【0082】
(比較例5)
パン酵母として、従来パン酵母Bを用いた以外は、実施例4と同様にして、38℃での炭酸ガス発生量を2時間測定した。また、ベンチタイム後1時間までの炭酸ガス発生量に対する、ベンチタイム後1時間から2時間までの炭酸ガス発生量の比率も算出した。その結果は、表14に示す。
【0083】
本捏で小麦粉に対して糖量を6%添加する食パン中種法での本捏発酵では、本発明のKSY290はRKB34、従来パン酵母A、Bに比べて高い炭酸ガス発生量を示した。また、1時間までのガス発生量に対する1時間から2時間までのガス発生量の比率は、マルトース発酵性遺伝子を複数個保有するKSY290はマルトース発酵性遺伝子を1個しか保有しないRKB34と比べて高い値を示した。さらに、KSY290の1時間までの発酵力は従来パン酵母A、Bに対して向上しているにもかかわらず、1時間までのガス発生量に対する1時間から2時間までのガス発生量の比率は、従来パン酵母A、B並みの値を示した。これらの結果からKSY290株は持続性のある高い本捏発酵力を有しているといえる。
【0084】
(実施例5) 中種法製パン試験(定容積ホイロ法)
表15に示すパン生地組成、表16に示す工程においてパン酵母KSY290について中種製パン試験(定容積ホイロ法)を行った。結果を表17に示す。
【0085】
【表15】
【0086】
【表16】
【0087】
【表17】
【0088】
(比較例6)
パン酵母として、従来パン酵母Aを用いた以外は、実施例5と同様にして、中種製パン試験(定容積ホイロ法)を行った。結果を表17に示す。
【0089】
(比較例7)
パン酵母として、従来パン酵母Bを用いた以外は、実施例5と同様にして、中種製パン試験(定容積ホイロ法)を行った。結果を表17に示す。
【0090】
KSY290は従来パン酵母A、Bと比べてホイロ時間が大幅に短縮されており、かつ窯伸びも良好であるために比容積も大きくなり、中種法での本捏発酵力がすぐれていることが分かる。
【0091】
(実施例6) 中種法製パン試験(定時間ホイロ法)
表18に示すパン生地組成、表19に示す工程においてパン酵母KSY290について中種製パン試験(定時間ホイロ法)を行った。結果を表20に示す。
【0092】
【表18】
【0093】
【表19】
【0094】
【表20】
【0095】
(比較例8)
パン酵母として、従来パン酵母Aを用いた以外は、実施例6と同様にして、中種製パン試験(定時間ホイロ法)を行った。結果を表20に示す。
【0096】
(比較例9)
パン酵母として、従来パン酵母Bを用いた以外は、実施例6と同様にして、中種製パン試験(定時間ホイロ法)を行った。結果を表20に示す。
【0097】
従来パン酵母A、Bと比べてKSY290株の食パン比容積は向上し、食感は非常にソフトであった。
【0098】
(実施例7) パン老化抑制試験(1)
上述したようにKSY290株を用いて製造したパンは比容積が向上しソフトな食感であったため、さらにパンの硬さを数日の保存期間測定した。表21に示すパン生地組成(乳化剤添加)、表22に示す工程においてパン酵母KSY290について中種法製パン試験を行った。焼成したパンは2時間放置冷却後、ポリエチレン製袋に入れて密封し25℃で1、3日間保存した。保存後、端から2cm厚で2枚を切り捨てた後、更に2cm厚で6枚をスライスした。これらスライスしたパンのクラムの中心部より5cm四方の大きさの断片を切り取り、そのレオナー値を測定し、その平均値を求めた。レオナー値が低いほどパンが柔らかいことを示している。食感は同一パンを5名のパネラーにより◎、○、○〜△、△、×(順に優、良、並、やや悪い、悪い)の5段階で評価した。その結果を表23に示す。
【0099】
【表21】
【0100】
【表22】
【0101】
【表23】
【0102】
(実施例8)
表21に示すパン生地組成において、乳化剤を無添加にした以外は、実施例7と同様にして中種法製パン試験を行い、焼成したパンは2時間放置冷却後、ポリエチレン製袋に入れて密封し25℃で1、3日間保存した後、そのレオナー値を測定し、また食感を評価した。その結果を表23に示す。
【0103】
(比較例10)
パン酵母として従来パン酵母Aを用いた以外は、実施例7と同様にして中種法製パン試験を行い、焼成したパンは2時間放置冷却後、ポリエチレン製袋に入れて密封し25℃で1、3日間保存した後、レオナー値を測定し、また食感を評価した。その結果を表23に示す。
【0104】
(比較例11)
パン酵母として従来パン酵母Aを用いた以外は、実施例8と同様にして中種法製パン試験を行い、焼成したパンは2時間放置冷却後、ポリエチレン製袋に入れて密封し25℃で1、3日間保存した後、レオナー値を測定し、また食感を評価した。その結果を表23に示す。
【0105】
乳化剤を添加しない製造法の場合、焼成3日後においてKSY290を使用したパンは従来パン酵母Aを使用したパンよりもレオナー測定値に明らかな差が認められ、従来パン酵母Aと比べた場合、パンの老化を遅らせる効果があることが認められた。この傾向はパネラーによる食感の評価でも同様であり、本発明のパン酵母を用いて製造したパンの方が柔らかな食感が得られた。
さらにKSY290の特徴として、乳化剤を添加せずに作製したパンでも、従来パン酵母Aを用いて乳化剤を添加したパンと比較して焼成3日後の硬さは同程度であり、パネラーによる食感評価でも柔らかさに差は感じられなかった。
一般的なパン製造で行なわれているように乳化剤添加をした場合、焼成3日後においてKSY290を使用したパンは従来パン酵母Aを使用したパンよりもレオナー測定値に明らかな差が認められ、従来パン酵母Aと比べた場合、パンの老化を遅らせる効果があることが認められた。この傾向はパネラーによる食感の評価でも同様であり、本発明のパン酵母と乳化材を用いて製造したパンは、従来パン酵母Aと乳化剤を併用した今までのパンにはない柔らかな食感であった。
【0106】
(実施例9) パン老化抑制試験(2)
室温保存よりも老化が早くパンの品質低下がより顕著となる冷蔵条件下で測定を行なった。表24に示すパン生地組成(乳化剤添加)、表25に示す工程においてパン酵母KSY290について中種法製パン試験を行った。焼成したパンは2時間放置冷却後、ポリエチレン袋に入れて密封し5℃で1、2日間保存した。保存後、端から2cm厚で2枚を切り捨てた後、更に2cm厚で6枚をスライスした。これらスライスしたパンのクラムの中心部より5cm四方の大きさの断片を切り取り山電製レオナー(RE3305)にて生地の硬さを測定し、これらの平均値を求めた。食感は同一パンを5名のパネラーにより◎、○、○〜△、△、×(順に優、良、並、やや悪い、悪い)の5段階で評価した。これらの結果を表26に示す。
【0107】
【表24】
【0108】
【表25】
【0109】
【表26】
【0110】
(実施例10)
表24に示すパン生地組成において、乳化剤を無添加にした以外は、実施例9と同様にして中種法製パン試験を行い、焼成したパンは2時間放置冷却後、ポリエチレン製袋に入れて密封し25℃で1、2日間保存した後、そのレオナー値を測定し、また食感を評価した。その結果を表26に示す。
【0111】
(比較例12)
パン酵母として従来パン酵母Aを用いた以外は、実施例9と同様にして中種法製パン試験を行い、焼成したパンは2時間放置冷却後、ポリエチレン製袋に入れて密封し25℃で1、2日間保存した後、そのレオナー値を測定し、また食感を評価した。その結果を表26に示す。
【0112】
(比較例13)
パン酵母として従来パン酵母Aを用いた以外は、実施例10と同様にして中種法製パン試験を行い、焼成したパンは2時間放置冷却後、ポリエチレン製袋に入れて密封し25℃で1、2日間保存した後、そのレオナー値を測定し、また食感を評価した。その結果を表26に示す。
【0113】
乳化剤を添加しない場合、あるいは添加した場合ともに、焼成2日後においてKSY290を使用したパンは従来パン酵母Aを使用したパンよりもレオナー測定値に明らかな差が認められ、従来パン酵母Aと比べた場合、パンの老化を遅らせる効果があることが認められた。この傾向はパネラーによる食感の評価でも同様であり、本発明のパン酵母を用いて製造したパンの方が柔らかな食感が得られた。さらにKSY290の特徴として、乳化剤を添加せずに作製したパンでも、従来パン酵母Aを用いて乳化剤を添加したパンと比較して焼成2日後の硬さは同程度であり、パネラーによる食感評価でも柔らかさに差は感じられなかった。
【0114】
デンプン質の食品であるパンはマイナス2℃から2℃付近で最も老化速度が速いため、チルド用サンドイッチ食パンではその影響は大きく、室温保存と比べてパンの食感は低下しやすい。本実施例では5℃保存であるため老化進行が比較的速い条件下にあったと考えられるが、このような条件下においても本発明のパン酵母は従来パン酵母と比べて老化が遅く、食感上も柔らかさに差がみられたことは、チルド用サンドイッチ食パン製造に本発明のパン酵母は適していると考えられた。
【0115】
【発明の効果】
本発明のパン酵母は優性、構成的に発現し、かつグルコース抑制性の低いマルトース発酵性遺伝子を複数保有し、高いマルトース発酵性を獲得させることを目的として作製された。このために、食パン中種法製パン生地のホイロ発酵での炭酸ガス発生量が多く、この結果、従来のパン酵母と比べてホイロ時間の短縮さらには比容積の増大がみられ、膜が薄くソフトなパンが得られ、同時に乳化剤によって老化がある程度遅延されたパンの老化をさらに遅延させ、結果的に今までのパンよりも柔らかな食感が持続しパンの商品性を高めることが可能となった。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to bread yeast, bread dough containing bread yeast, and a method for producing bread using bread yeast.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Bread is usually produced by mixing flour, water, baker's yeast, sugar (sugar), salt, fats and oils, dairy products, and other auxiliary ingredients, and fermenting with baker's yeast. The amount of sugar used as a fermentation substrate for baker's yeast varies depending on the type of bread, and there are various types, from French bread that is not added at all, to bread that is added in a small amount, and confectionery bread that contains a large amount of sugar.
[0003]
In addition, the bread production method mainly includes a straight method and a medium seed method. The straight method is a method in which baker's yeast, sugar, salt, oils and fats, water, etc. are added to wheat flour, mixed and fermented. On the other hand, in the middle seed method, a dough obtained by adding baker's yeast and water to a part of the flour to produce a dough, is subjected to primary fermentation, that is, medium seed fermentation, and then returned to the mixer, and the remaining flour, sugar several percent, salt Then, after adding oils and fats and mixing again, secondary fermentation, ie, main fermentation, is performed.
[0004]
The suitability of baker's yeast varies depending on the amount of sugar added and the manufacturing method. In the middle seed method with a low sugar concentration such as bread, the baker's yeast is activated during the medium seed fermentation, so that the fermentation progresses rapidly in the potato dough. For this reason, the main body dough with a small amount of added sugar of only a few percent, the amount of added sugar in the dough is actively consumed by fermentation, so that the amount of substrate is rate-controlled. Baker baker's yeast, which has a higher initial fermenting ability, has a problem that the amount of carbon dioxide generated decreases with time. For this reason, the dough expansion rate decreases from the latter half of the proofing fermentation, and there are disadvantages that the proofing time required to obtain a certain bread volume is prolonged, and the kiln elongation during baking becomes insufficient.
[0005]
Normally, in sugar-free dough without added sugar, baker's yeast ferments after breaking down maltose in wheat flour into two molecules of glucose by maltase.
[0006]
The maltase gene encoding maltase constitutes a maltose fermentable gene by three genes, a gene encoding a maltose permease and a gene encoding a regulatory factor necessary for their expression (Non-patent Document 1). It is known that the maltose fermentable gene is an overlapping gene existing on five different chromosomes, and if one gene is retained and expressed, maltose fermentability is exhibited (Non-patent Document 2).
[0007]
In general, maltase is an inducing enzyme that is expressed in the presence of maltose (Non-patent Document 3), and its expression is suppressed in the presence of glucose. is there. On the other hand, examples of constitutive expression due to mutations in genes encoding regulatory factors (Non-Patent Documents 4, 5, and 6) have been reported, and examples in which these are expressed recessively (Non-Patent Document 7), and dominant expression. Examples (Non-Patent Documents 8 and 9) have been reported.
[0008]
There is already an example in which the sugar-free fermentability of baker's yeast has been improved by a constitutively expressed maltose fermenting gene (Non-Patent Document 10), but it is not the content relating to the low-sugar dough as in the present invention, and Only one genetic maltose fermentative gene is possessed. In normal fermentation, even one constitutive maltose fermentable gene of baker's yeast shows low glucose inhibitory activity, but medium-grade mainstream fermentation does not show low glucose inhibitory properties.
[0009]
In addition to the above-mentioned problem of fermentation power, aging is a problem particularly in bread. Aging is caused by a change in the crystalline state of starch, which is the main component of wheat flour.
[0010]
Aging will be described below. Starch, which accounts for about 70% of wheat flour, has a long continuous structure with glucose as a structural unit, and is classified into two types, linear amylose and branched amylopectin, depending on the method of glucose binding. They form starch granules.
[0011]
In the baking stage of bread dough, starch in the flour is heated in the presence of water, so that amylose flows out of the starch granules, while amylopectin, which is branched, opens its side chains and binds water molecules. As a result, the starch immediately after baking becomes a soft paste. Among them, amylose rapidly forms a gel within a relatively short time during which the baked bread can take a rough heat, but it is still soft and has a high commercial value.
[0012]
However, water molecules are released from the branched amylopectin over the course of several days, the side chain of the amylopectin closes, and when returning to the original crystalline state, the freshness and softness of the bread are lost, A crunchy state, that is, a phenomenon generally called aging proceeds, and the commercial value of bread is reduced (Non-patent Document 11).
[0013]
In bread production, emulsifiers and α-amylase are widely used to suppress bread aging. As the emulsifier, monoglyceride, organic acid monoglyceride and the like are used, and these form a complex with amylose and amylopectin, thereby suppressing recrystallization and delaying aging (Non-patent Document 12).
[0014]
On the other hand, α-amylase suppresses recrystallization and delays aging by making it difficult to return to the original molecular state by partially decomposing amylopectin into a dextrin (Non-patent Document 13).
[0015]
In this way, aging is suppressed by additives, but aging cannot be completely avoided, and the use of emulsifiers causes a fluffy feeling during bread chewing and reduces the texture. It is.
[0016]
[Non-Patent Document 1]
Medical Publishing Center, “New Biotechnology of Yeast”, 1990, p.235
[0017]
[Non-Patent Document 2]
Adv. Carbohydr. Chem. Biochem, 1976, 32, 126-234
[0018]
[Non-Patent Document 3]
Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1970, 204, 590-609
[0019]
[Non-Patent Document 4]
Mol. Cell. Biol. 1986, Vol. 6, pp. 2757-2765
[0020]
[Non-Patent Document 5]
Mol. Gen. Genet. , 1974, 134, 261-272.
[0021]
[Non-Patent Document 6]
Mol. Gen. Genet. 1971, 112, 317-322
[0022]
[Non-Patent Document 7]
Mol. Cell. Biol. 1986, Vol. 6, pp. 2757-2765
[0023]
[Non-Patent Document 8]
Mol. Gen. Genet. 1974, 134, 261-272
[0024]
[Non-patent document 9]
Mol. Gen. Genet. 1971, 112, 317-322
[0025]
[Non-Patent Document 10]
Chemistry and Biology, 1991, 29, 258-262
[0026]
[Non-Patent Document 11]
Journal of bread science, 2001, 47, 9, 10, pp. 3-15
[0027]
[Non-Patent Document 12]
Journal of bread science, 1999, 45, 7, pp. 3-23
[0028]
[Non-Patent Document 13]
Journal of bread science, 2001, 47, 5, 5-15
[0029]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the present invention, first, the proofing time is shortened by increasing the sustainability of the amount of carbon dioxide generation in the main seed process of the middle seed method, and good kiln elongation and a softer texture than before can be obtained. The development of baker's yeast that makes it possible, and secondly, the provision of aging control methods other than the aging delay method using additives and additives such as emulsifiers, α-amylase, etc. The aim is to develop baker's yeast that can increase the value of its products.
[0030]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the present inventors have sought to improve the gas generation rate by supplementing the sugar rate limiting rate by utilizing maltose in the flour.
[0031]
The present inventors have intensively studied the production of baker's yeast that increases maltose fermentation without increasing glucose and increases fermentable sugar content. As a result, a spore strain having a constitutively expressed low-glucose-suppressing maltose fermentable gene was obtained, and such a constitutive maltose fermentable gene was obtained.3 genesIt was found that the strains held in the bread mash fermentation started maltose fermentation even in the presence of glucose, and sustained fermentation was obtained.
[0032]
As a result, a decrease in the amount of gas generation observed during the mainstream fermentation was reduced, and baker's yeast having good kiln elongation was obtained. Moreover, soft bread was obtained by such an increase in gas generation amount and improvement in kiln elongation, and had an inhibitory effect on aging.
[0033]
IeThe present inventionA plurality of strains belonging to the genus Saccharomyces cerevisiae having maltose fermenting ability are used as original strains, and these strains are formed into spores by a sporulation medium, and hybrid breeding is carried out in the following steps (1) to (5).By doingContains 3 constitutively expressed maltose fermentative genesBy selecting a hybrid strain to be used, and selecting from this hybrid strain, using the medium bread seed method fermenting power as an index,After fermenting 70g of wheat flour, 2.2g of baker's yeast converted to 65% water, and 40ml of water and mixing the mixed seed dough at 30 ° C for 4 hours, add 30g of flour, 6g of sugar, 2g of salt and 19ml of water. After the koji mixing, the dough is incubated at 30 ° C. for 30 minutes and then the amount of carbon dioxide generated measured at 38 ° C. for 2 hours is 320 ml or more per 50 g of the dough.To get the baker's yeastAbout.
(1) A high maltose fermentation strain is selected from the isolated spore strain. Subsequently, non-maltose fermentation strains are crossed with these spore strains, and the superiority and inferiority of the spore strain maltose fermentability are determined from the maltose fermentation power of the hybrid strains.
(2) A strain having two constitutive maltose fermentative genes is prepared by crossing dominant and high maltose fermenting strains derived from different original strains.
(3) Further, in order to produce a strain having 3 constitutive maltose fermentative genes, the hybrid strain of (2) is sporulated and the maltose fermentable gene is present on the same chromosome from the 4-molecule analysis on maltose fermentability. It is determined whether or not.
(4) A spore strain presumed to possess two maltose fermentative genes is selected from the maltose fermentative segregation ratio of the hybrid strains that are assumed to have different maltose fermentative genes on different chromosomes.
(5) A hybrid is established between a spore strain presumed to have two maltose fermentative genes from (4) and a spore strain having a dominant, constitutively expressed maltose fermentative gene derived from another original strain. A strain having 3 genes of maltose-fermenting genes that are produced and expressed dominantly and constitutively.
[0037]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail. The terms used in the present specification are the same as the meanings of the terms normally used in the field except for cases specifically described below, and “part” and “%” are not particularly specified. As far as weight basis.
[0038]
The baker's yeast of the present invention has a persistence in the main bread fermentation of the bread seed method. That is, the baker's yeast of the present invention was mixed for 3 minutes by adding 70 g of flour, 2.2 g of baker's yeast converted to 65% water, and 40 ml of water in accordance with the “East Testing Method for Bread” edited by the Japan East Industry Association. After fermenting the medium seed dough at 30 ° C. for 4 hours, add 30 g of flour, 6 g of sugar, 2 g of salt and 19 ml of water, mix for 3 minutes, and incubate the dough for 30 minutes at 30 ° C. The amount of carbon dioxide generated as measured over time is 320 ml or more, preferably 330 ml or more, more preferably 340 ml or more per 50 g of the dough. As an example of mixing, it was carried out at a speed of 1 using an N-50 type desktop mixer manufactured by Hobart.
[0039]
In general, baker's yeast, which has a high initial gas generation amount in the mainstream fermentation of the bread seed method, consumes sugar quickly in the mainstream dough and results in an early decrease in carbon dioxide generation. However, if the baker's yeast of the present invention is used, carbon dioxide gas generation is sustained despite the high initial gas generation amount.
[0040]
Moreover, although baker's yeast of the present invention is exemplified by baker's yeast produced by crossing of spore strains, it may be any isolate from the natural world.
[0041]
The baker's yeast having a maltose fermentable gene that is constitutively expressed in the present invention refers to a strain that exhibits a high maltose fermenting power and exhibits a fermenting power with a low glucose-suppressing ability in a dough system. In the force measurement, a carbon dioxide generation amount of 100 mg or more per 100 mg of dry cells is shown.
[0042]
Here, the measurement of maltose fermentation power was performed as follows. First, a medium having the composition shown in Table 1 was dispensed into a 5 ml / large test tube and a 50 ml / 500 ml Sakaguchi flask, sterilized by autoclave, and used for culture. Cross breeding strain 1 platinum ears are inoculated into a large test tube, shake cultured at 30 ° C. for 20 hours, then transferred to a 500 ml Sakaguchi flask, and further cultured at 30 ° C. for 17 hours with shaking for 10 ml. After centrifuging, maltose fermentation power was measured as follows using the cells washed with water.
[0043]
[Table 1]
The measurement of maltose fermenting power was performed by dispensing 15 ml of the fermentation broth having the composition shown in Table 2 into a 100 ml Erlenmeyer flask, suspending the cultured cells in 5 ml of water, and adding the fermentation broth to the fermentation broth. After measuring the total weight, After incubating at 33 ° C. for 4 hours, the total weight was measured again, and the value reduced by the generation of carbon dioxide from the initial weight was defined as maltose fermentation power.
[0044]
[Table 2]
[0045]
In the case of a hybrid strain having a constitutively expressed maltose fermentable gene, it was possible to obtain a hybrid strain having a high initial carbon dioxide generation amount in the loaf-battered seed method. However, the carbon dioxide generation amount of these hybrids decreased with time, and no sustainability was observed. On the other hand, the maltose fermentable gene expressed constitutively3 genesThe crossbred strains possessed the sustainability of fermentation without the carbon dioxide generation amount decreasing with time.
[0046]
Constitutively expressed maltose fermentability gene3 genesIn order to obtain a hybrid strain to be retained, in the present invention, a spore strain is first obtained from a isolate and a preserved strain from the natural world having a high sugar-free fermentation ability, and a spore strain having a maltose fermentable gene expressed constitutively from them. The selected spore strain is then crossed with a spore strain having a maltose fermentation ability of 50 mg or less in a different mating type, and a spore strain having a maltose fermentative gene expressed predominantly and constitutively by a maltose fermentation assay of the hybrid strain Multiple selected.
[0047]
The maltose fermentative gene of the baker's yeast of the present invention has a low glucose inhibitory property. Although the maltose fermentable gene is inhibited from fermentation by the presence of glucose, the baker's yeast in the present invention has a low-inhibitory maltose fermentable gene, and the baker's yeast undergoes maltose fermentation even in the presence of glucose. The baker's yeast of the present invention is a low-sugar dough and is maltose-fermented even when sugar is present in the dough, resulting in an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide generated in the main dough, and as a result, sustainability.
[0048]
The spore strains having the constitutively expressed maltose fermentability gene selected above were crossed with each other, and a strain having a medium seed method with higher fermentative ability than the crossed strain was selected. These are constitutively expressed maltose fermentative genes3 genesIn addition, the selected strain obtained a strain having high initial fermentation ability of home potato and having sustainability in the generation of carbon dioxide with the fermentation power of home potato.
[0049]
The bread produced using the baker's yeast of the present invention is characterized in that aging is slower than bread produced using conventional baker's yeast. Since the hardness of bread is generally expressed by the stress value from the bread when a load is applied to the bread, the smaller the value, the softer the bread, and the larger the value as the bread ages.
[0050]
The bread using the emulsifier and general-purpose baker's yeast referred to in the present invention is a bread prepared with the standard composition shown in Table 3 and under the conditions shown in Table 4. On the other hand, an emulsifier-free bread is a bread prepared under the conditions shown in Table 4 with the formulation without an emulsifier shown in Table 5.
[0051]
[Table 3]
[0052]
[Table 4]
[0053]
[Table 5]
[0054]
When bread using emulsifiers and general-purpose baker's yeast is stored at room temperature for 3 days, the Leoner measurement value is 10% or more lower and the texture becomes softer than bread with no emulsifier added. Even if bread is produced without adding an emulsifier in the baker's yeast of the present invention, it has a hardness of -5% to + 5% compared to bread using an emulsifier and general-purpose baker's yeast, and there is no difference in texture. . In addition, when the emulsifier and the baker's yeast of the present invention are used in combination, the Leoner measurement value is further reduced by 10% or more and the texture becomes softer than that of the bread produced using the baker's yeast of the present invention without adding an emulsifier.
[0055]
Here, the Leoner measurement value means that after cutting 2 sheets with a thickness of 2 cm from the end of the bread baked under the above conditions, further slicing 6 sheets with a thickness of 2 cm and measuring 5 cm square from the center of the crumb. This is a value obtained by cutting a piece and measuring the hardness of the dough with a Yamaden Leoner (RE3305).
[0056]
When bread is produced using the bread yeast of the present invention by the bread seed method, bread time is shortened or specific volume is increased compared to conventional bread yeast, and the kiln elongation is good, the film is thin, the film is soft Bread was obtained.
[0057]
In the present invention, baker's yeast belongs to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and a hybrid strain selected by the above method is preferable, and KSY290 can be exemplified. This KSY290 strain was identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and this strain was designated as FERM P-18863 on May 17, 2002, at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 6).
[0058]
【Example】
Examples of the present invention will be described below, but these are merely illustrative of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to these examples. In addition, about the material used for the following examples, wheat flour uses the Camellia made by Nisshin Flour Milling Co., Ltd., yeast food uses East Food C (made by Kaneka Chemical Co., Ltd.), and shortening uses snow light. (Kanebuchi Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was used. As the emulsifier, Panmac 200B manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd. consisting of monoglyceride and succinic monoglyceride was used. Other bread-making materials and bread-making auxiliary materials used were those available from general retailers. As control strains, two baker's yeast strains and a hybrid strain RKB34 commercially available from Kaneka Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. were used.
Conventional baker's yeast A (RED yeast manufactured by Kaneka Chemical Co., Ltd.)
Conventional baker's yeast B (MY yeast manufactured by Kaneka Chemical Co., Ltd.)
RKB34 (a hybrid strain having one maltose fermentative gene)
[0059]
<How to determine Leonor measurement value>
The Leoner value was measured with a Yamaden Leoner (RE3305) according to the following conditions.
Plunger: 6cm x 6cm
Load cell: 2kgf
Amplifier magnification: 1x
Number of measurement points: 550
Measurement time: 55 sec
Measurement distortion: 50%
Measurement speed: 1mm / sec
Return distance: 5 mm
Pan thickness: 20mm
Contact area: 2500mm2
[0060]
(Example 1) Cross breeding
A plurality of strains having maltose fermentation ability from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae preservation strain possessed by the present applicant was used as the original strain. These strains were sporulated with a sporulation medium, and cross breeding was performed in the next step.
(1) A high maltose fermentation strain was selected from the isolated spore strain. Subsequently, non-maltose fermentation strains were crossed with these spore strains, and the superiority and inferiority of the spore strain maltose fermentability were determined from the maltose fermentation power of the hybrid strains.
(2) A strain having two constitutive maltose fermentative genes was prepared by crossing dominant and high maltose fermentative strains derived from different original strains.
(3) Further, in order to produce a strain having 3 constitutive maltose fermentative genes, the hybrid strain of (2) is sporulated and the maltose fermentable gene is present on the same chromosome from the 4-molecule analysis on maltose fermentability. It was determined whether or not.
(4) A spore strain presumed to possess two maltose fermentative genes was selected based on the maltose fermentative segregation ratio of the hybrid strains assumed to have maltose fermentable genes on different chromosomes.
(5) A hybrid is established between a spore strain presumed to possess two maltose fermentative genes from (4) and a spore strain having a dominant, constitutively expressed maltose fermentative gene derived from another original strain. A strain having 3 genes of maltose fermentable genes that were produced and expressed dominantly and constitutively was used.
[0061]
From the hybrid strains of (2) and (5) above, the KSY290 strain of the present invention was obtained by selecting the medium bread method of the bread bread method as an index.
[0062]
(Example 2) Method for producing baker's yeast cells
・ Batch culture
The medium having the composition shown in Table 6 was dispensed into a 5 ml / large test tube and a 50 ml / 500 ml Sakaguchi flask, sterilized by autoclave, and used for culture.
Inoculate all of the cross-breeding strain 1 platinum ears into large test tubes, shake culture at 30 ° C for 1 day, transfer to 500 ml Sakaguchi flasks, and further culture at 30 ° C for 1 day. Was subjected to the following 5 L jar seed culture and the 2% glucose low-sugar dough fermentation power measurement of Example 3.
[0063]
[Table 6]
[0064]
・ 5L jar seed mother culture
2 L of the medium having the composition shown in Table 7 was placed in a 5 L jar, and after sterilization by autoclave, the cells of five 500 ml Sakaguchi flasks were inoculated, and seed culture was performed under the conditions shown in Table 8.
[0065]
[Table 7]
[0066]
[Table 8]
[0067]
・ 5L jar main culture
50 g of seed mother cells cultured in a 5 L jar with the medium composition shown in Table 9 were added as wet cells, and main culture was performed under the conditions shown in Table 10.
[0068]
[Table 9]
[0069]
[Table 10]
[0070]
Culture was performed for 13 hours, and sugar was added in portions during the 12-hour culture. Batch culture and 5 L jar culture cells were centrifuged immediately after completion of the culture, and sucked and dehydrated by Nutsche to prepare wet cells, which were used in the following examples. When used in the experiment, the moisture content of the wet cells was measured, and the amount used was converted to 65% moisture.
[0071]
(Example 3) Glucose 2% low sugar dough fermentation power
In the bread dough shown in Table 11, after the batch culture of Example 2, the amount of carbon dioxide generated was measured for the wet cells of baker's yeast KSY290 that was sucked and dehydrated with Nutsche. The results are shown in Table 12. At that time, the carbon dioxide gas generation amount measurement method was performed by mixing the dough composition shown in Table 11 for 3 minutes with a Hobart desktop mixer, and measuring the carbon dioxide generation amount at 38 ° C. for 4 hours with a farm graph (manufactured by ATTO). The time required for generating 550 ml of carbon dioxide was compared. The results are shown in Table 12.
[0072]
[Table 11]
[0073]
[Table 12]
[0074]
(Comparative Example 1)
The amount of carbon dioxide generated was measured in the same manner as in Example 3 except that conventional bread yeast A was used as the baker's yeast, and the time required to generate 550 ml of carbon dioxide was determined. The results are shown in Table 12.
[0075]
(Comparative Example 2)
The amount of carbon dioxide generated was measured in the same manner as in Example 3 except that conventional bread yeast B was used as the baker's yeast, and the time required to generate 550 ml of carbon dioxide was determined. The results are shown in Table 12.
[0076]
The substrate for carbon dioxide generation is 2% of added glucose and maltose originally present in the flour. Normally, baker's yeast is maltose fermented after glucose fermentation, so it takes a considerable amount of time to complete the generation of carbon dioxide from all substrates. Cost. The baker's yeast of the present invention generates and terminates 550 ml of carbon dioxide close to the total amount of carbon dioxide produced from glucose 2% and maltose in wheat flour in 165 minutes, and is significantly faster than conventional baker's yeasts A and B. In the baker's yeast of the present invention, glucose fermentation and maltose fermentation proceed in parallel even in the presence of glucose, indicating that glucose inhibition is low.
[0077]
(Example 4) Medium seed method potato fermentation power
In the bread dough shown in Table 13, the amount of carbon dioxide generation was measured for baker's yeast KSY290. The results are shown in Table 14. At that time, the carbon dioxide generation amount is measured by mixing the dough composition shown in Table 13 for 3 minutes with a Hobart desktop mixer, 30 ° C for 4 hours of medium seed fermentation, mixing the fermented medium seed dough and the main loaf dough material, After mixing for 3 minutes and taking 50 g of the divided dough balls at 30 ° C. for 30 minutes, the amount of gas generated at 38 ° C. was measured for 2 hours. The ratio of the amount of carbon dioxide generated from 1 hour to 2 hours after the bench time to the amount of carbon dioxide generated until 1 hour after the bench time was also calculated.
[0078]
[Table 13]
[0079]
[Table 14]
[0080]
(Comparative Example 3)
The amount of carbon dioxide generated at 38 ° C. was measured for 2 hours in the same manner as in Example 4 except that RKB34 was used as baker's yeast. The ratio of the amount of carbon dioxide generated from 1 hour to 2 hours after the bench time to the amount of carbon dioxide generated until 1 hour after the bench time was also calculated. The results are shown in Table 14.
[0081]
(Comparative Example 4)
The amount of carbon dioxide generated at 38 ° C. was measured for 2 hours in the same manner as in Example 4 except that conventional baker's yeast A was used as baker's yeast. The ratio of the amount of carbon dioxide generated from 1 hour to 2 hours after the bench time to the amount of carbon dioxide generated until 1 hour after the bench time was also calculated. The results are shown in Table 14.
[0082]
(Comparative Example 5)
The amount of carbon dioxide generated at 38 ° C. was measured for 2 hours in the same manner as in Example 4 except that conventional baker's yeast B was used as baker's yeast. The ratio of the amount of carbon dioxide generated from 1 hour to 2 hours after the bench time to the amount of carbon dioxide generated until 1 hour after the bench time was also calculated. The results are shown in Table 14.
[0083]
In this potato fermentation by the middle seed method of bread that adds 6% sugar to wheat flour with potato, KSY290 of the present invention showed a higher carbon dioxide generation amount than RKB34 and conventional bread yeasts A and B. In addition, the ratio of the gas generation amount from 1 hour to 2 hours with respect to the gas generation amount up to 1 hour is higher in KSY290 having a plurality of maltose fermentative genes than RKB34 having only one maltose fermentative gene. The value is shown. Furthermore, although the fermenting power of KSY290 up to 1 hour has improved with respect to conventional baker's yeasts A and B, the ratio of the gas generation rate from 1 hour to 2 hours to the gas generation rate up to 1 hour is The values of conventional baker's yeast A and B were shown. From these results, it can be said that the KSY290 strain has a long-lasting and high fermentation ability of potato.
[0084]
(Example 5) Medium seed method bread test (constant volume proofing method)
In the bread dough composition shown in Table 15 and the step shown in Table 16, a medium-sized bread test (constant volume proofing method) was conducted for baker's yeast KSY290. The results are shown in Table 17.
[0085]
[Table 15]
[0086]
[Table 16]
[0087]
[Table 17]
[0088]
(Comparative Example 6)
A medium-sized bread test (constant volume proofing method) was performed in the same manner as in Example 5 except that conventional bread yeast A was used as the bread yeast. The results are shown in Table 17.
[0089]
(Comparative Example 7)
A medium-sized bread test (constant volume proofing method) was performed in the same manner as in Example 5 except that conventional bread yeast B was used as the bread yeast. The results are shown in Table 17.
[0090]
KSY290 has a significantly reduced proofing time compared to conventional baker's yeasts A and B, and also has a large specific volume due to good kiln elongation. I understand.
[0091]
(Example 6) Medium seed method bread test (fixed time proofing method)
In the dough composition shown in Table 18 and the step shown in Table 19, a medium-sized bread test (fixed time proofing method) was conducted for baker's yeast KSY290. The results are shown in Table 20.
[0092]
[Table 18]
[0093]
[Table 19]
[0094]
[Table 20]
[0095]
(Comparative Example 8)
A medium-sized bread test (fixed time proofing method) was performed in the same manner as in Example 6 except that conventional bread yeast A was used as the bread yeast. The results are shown in Table 20.
[0096]
(Comparative Example 9)
A medium-sized bread test (fixed time proofing method) was performed in the same manner as in Example 6 except that conventional bread yeast B was used as the bread yeast. The results are shown in Table 20.
[0097]
Compared with conventional baker's yeast A and B, the bread specific volume of KSY290 strain was improved and the texture was very soft.
[0098]
(Example 7) Bread aging inhibition test (1)
As described above, the bread produced using the KSY290 strain had a higher specific volume and a soft texture. Therefore, the bread hardness was further measured for a storage period of several days. In the process shown in Table 21, the dough composition (addition of an emulsifier) and in the step shown in Table 22, a bread test made in the middle seed method was conducted for baker's yeast KSY290. The baked bread was allowed to cool for 2 hours, then sealed in a polyethylene bag, and stored at 25 ° C. for 1 to 3 days. After storage, after cutting off 2 sheets with a thickness of 2 cm from the end, 6 sheets were sliced with a thickness of 2 cm. A slice of 5 cm square was cut from the center of the crumb of the sliced bread, the Leoner value was measured, and the average value was obtained. The lower the Leoner value, the softer the bread. The texture of the same bread was evaluated by five panelists in five stages: ◎, ○, ○ to Δ, Δ, × (excellent, good, average, slightly bad, bad). The results are shown in Table 23.
[0099]
[Table 21]
[0100]
[Table 22]
[0101]
[Table 23]
[0102]
(Example 8)
In the bread dough composition shown in Table 21, except that no emulsifier was added, a medium-type bread test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 7. The baked bread was left to cool for 2 hours, and then sealed in a polyethylene bag. After storing at 25 ° C. for 1 to 3 days, the Leoner value was measured and the texture was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 23.
[0103]
(Comparative Example 10)
Except that the conventional baker's yeast A was used as the baker's yeast, the medium seed method bread test was carried out in the same manner as in Example 7. The baked bread was allowed to cool for 2 hours, then sealed in a polyethylene bag and sealed at 25 ° C. After storage for 3 days, the Leoner value was measured and the texture was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 23.
[0104]
(Comparative Example 11)
Except that the conventional baker's yeast A was used as the baker's yeast, the medium seed method bread test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 8. The baked bread was allowed to cool for 2 hours, then sealed in a polyethylene bag and sealed at 25 ° C. After storage for 3 days, the Leoner value was measured and the texture was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 23.
[0105]
In the case of the production method in which no emulsifier is added, bread using KSY290 after 3 days after baking has a clear difference in Leoner measurement value compared to bread using conventional baker's yeast A. It was recognized that it has the effect of delaying aging. This tendency is the same in the evaluation of the texture by the panelists, and a soft texture was obtained in the bread produced using the baker's yeast of the present invention.
Furthermore, as a feature of KSY290, even bread made without adding an emulsifier has the same hardness after baking for 3 days as compared to bread with an emulsifier added using conventional baker's yeast A. But there was no difference in softness.
When emulsifiers are added as is done in general bread production, bread using KSY290 after baking 3 days has a clear difference in Leoner measurement values compared to bread using conventional bread yeast A. When compared with baker's yeast A, it was found that there was an effect of delaying aging of bread. This tendency is the same in the evaluation of the texture by the panelists. The bread produced using the baker's yeast of the present invention and the emulsifying material is a soft texture that is not found in conventional bread using baker's yeast A and an emulsifier together. Met.
[0106]
(Example 9) Bread aging inhibition test (2)
Measurements were made under refrigerated conditions where aging was faster than storage at room temperature and bread quality was more prominent. In the process shown in Table 24, the bread dough composition (addition of emulsifier) and the process shown in Table 25 were carried out for the bread yeast KSY290 and subjected to a medium seed method bread test. The baked bread was left to cool for 2 hours, sealed in a polyethylene bag, and stored at 5 ° C. for 1 to 2 days. After storage, after cutting off 2 sheets with a thickness of 2 cm from the end, 6 sheets were sliced with a thickness of 2 cm. A piece of 5 cm square was cut from the center of the crumb of the sliced bread, and the hardness of the dough was measured with a Yamaden Leoner (RE3305), and the average value was obtained. The texture of the same bread was evaluated by five panelists in five stages: ◎, ○, ○ to Δ, Δ, × (excellent, good, average, slightly bad, bad). These results are shown in Table 26.
[0107]
[Table 24]
[0108]
[Table 25]
[0109]
[Table 26]
[0110]
(Example 10)
In the bread dough composition shown in Table 24, except that no emulsifier was added, a medium-type bread test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 9. The baked bread was left to cool for 2 hours, and then sealed in a polyethylene bag. After storing at 25 ° C. for 1 or 2 days, the Leoner value was measured and the texture was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 26.
[0111]
(Comparative Example 12)
Except that the conventional baker's yeast A was used as the baker's yeast, the medium seed method bread test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 9. The baked bread was allowed to cool for 2 hours, then sealed in a polyethylene bag and sealed at 25 ° C. After storage for 2 days, the Leoner value was measured and the texture was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 26.
[0112]
(Comparative Example 13)
A medium-type bread test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 10 except that conventional bread yeast A was used as the baker's yeast. The baked bread was allowed to cool for 2 hours, then sealed in a polyethylene bag and sealed at 25 ° C. After storage for 2 days, the Leoner value was measured and the texture was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 26.
[0113]
In the case where the emulsifier was not added or in the case where the emulsifier was added, the bread using KSY290 after baking two days showed a clear difference in the Leoner measurement value compared with the bread using the conventional baker's yeast A, and compared with the baker's yeast A. In some cases, it has been observed that it has the effect of delaying bread aging. This tendency is the same in the evaluation of the texture by the panelists, and a soft texture was obtained in the bread produced using the baker's yeast of the present invention. Furthermore, as a feature of KSY290, even bread made without adding an emulsifier has the same hardness after baking for 2 days as compared to bread with an emulsifier added using conventional baker's yeast A. But there was no difference in softness.
[0114]
Bread, which is a starchy food, has the fastest aging rate in the vicinity of minus 2 ° C. to 2 ° C., so the influence is large in chilled sandwich bread, and the texture of bread tends to be lower than that at room temperature storage. In this example, since it was stored at 5 ° C., the aging progress was considered to be relatively fast. However, even under such conditions, the baker's yeast of the present invention has a slower aging than the conventional baker's yeast, and the texture is The difference in softness was also considered that the baker's yeast of the present invention was suitable for producing chilled sandwich bread.
[0115]
【The invention's effect】
The baker's yeast of the present invention was produced for the purpose of obtaining a high level of maltose fermentability by possessing a plurality of maltose fermentative genes that are dominantly and constitutively expressed and have low glucose-suppressing properties. For this reason, a large amount of carbon dioxide gas is generated in the proofing of the dough produced by the middle seed method of bread. As a result, the proofing time is shortened and the specific volume is increased compared to conventional bakers' yeast, and the membrane is thin and soft. Bread was obtained, and at the same time, the aging of bread that had been delayed to some extent by the emulsifier was further delayed, and as a result, it became possible to maintain a softer texture than conventional bread and improve the product quality of bread. .
Claims (1)
(1)分離胞子株より高マルトース発酵株を選択する。続いてこれら胞子株に非マルトース発酵株を交雑し、交雑株のマルトース発酵力から胞子株マルトース発酵性の優性、劣性を判定する。
(2)異なる元株に由来する優性、高マルトース発酵株を交雑することにより構成的マルトース発酵性遺伝子を2遺伝子保有する株を作製する。
(3)更に構成的マルトース発酵性遺伝子を3遺伝子保有する菌株を作製するために、(2)の交雑株を胞子化しマルトース発酵性に関する4分子分析よりマルトース発酵性遺伝子が同一染色体上に存在するか否かを判定する。
(4)マルトース発酵性遺伝子が異なる染色体上に存在すると想定される交雑株のマルトース発酵性分離比より、マルトース発酵性遺伝子を2遺伝子保有すると推定される胞子株を選択する。
(5)(4)よりマルトース発酵性遺伝子を2遺伝子保有すると推定される胞子株と他の元株由来の優性、構成的に発現するマルトース発酵性遺伝子を有する胞子株との間で交雑株を作製し、優性、構成的に発現するマルトース発酵性遺伝子を3遺伝子保有する株とする。By using a plurality of strains having maltose fermentation ability belonging to the genus Saccharomyces cerevisiae as original strains, forming these strains with a sporulation medium, and carrying out cross breeding in the following steps (1) to (5) , A hybrid strain possessing 3 genes of constitutively expressed maltose fermentability gene is obtained, and by selecting from this hybrid strain the bread seed method of main bread fermenting power as an index, 70 g of wheat flour, 65% converted to moisture After the medium seed dough mixed with 2.2 g and 40 ml of water was fermented at 30 ° C. for 4 hours, 30 g of flour, 6 g of sugar, 2 g of salt and 19 ml of water were added. Bakery yeast for bread production by the medium seed method, wherein the amount of carbon dioxide generated measured at 38 ° C. for 2 hours after incubation for at least 320 ml per 50 g of the dough How to get.
(1) A high maltose fermentation strain is selected from the isolated spore strain. Subsequently, non-maltose fermentation strains are crossed with these spore strains, and the superiority and inferiority of the spore strain maltose fermentability are determined from the maltose fermentation power of the hybrid strains.
(2) A strain having two constitutive maltose fermentative genes is prepared by crossing dominant and high maltose fermenting strains derived from different original strains.
(3) Further, in order to produce a strain having 3 constitutive maltose fermentative genes, the hybrid strain of (2) is sporulated and the maltose fermentable gene is present on the same chromosome from the 4-molecule analysis on maltose fermentability. It is determined whether or not.
(4) A spore strain presumed to possess two maltose fermentative genes is selected based on the maltose fermentative segregation ratio of the hybrid strains that are assumed to have different maltose fermentative genes on different chromosomes.
(5) A hybrid is established between a spore strain presumed to possess two maltose fermentative genes from (4) and a spore strain having a dominant, constitutively expressed maltose fermentative gene derived from another original strain. A strain having 3 genes of maltose-fermenting genes that are produced and expressed dominantly and constitutively is used.
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| CN104388326B (en) * | 2011-03-18 | 2018-11-23 | 株式会社钟化 | Novel Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
| JP5794623B2 (en) * | 2011-07-20 | 2015-10-14 | 日本製粉株式会社 | Process for producing sugar-free bread using α-amylase |
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