JP4415536B2 - Power transmission device for hybrid vehicles - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  The present invention includes an engine for driving a vehicle, and a rotating electrical machine that is also used as an electric motor and a generator.hybridInstalled between the car engine and the rotating electrical machinehybridThe present invention relates to a vehicle power transmission device.
[0002]
[Prior art]
  In a hybrid vehicle using an engine (internal combustion engine) and an electric motor as drive sources, the required operating characteristics are different between the starting electric motor used for starting the engine and the engine assisting electric motor.
[0003]
  When starting the engine with the starting motor, it is necessary to generate a large torque in order to crank the engine, but it is sufficient that the engine can be started, so the rotational speed of the motor needs to be so high. The no-load rotational speed may be lower than the engine idling speed.
[0004]
  On the other hand, when assisting the engine with the electric motor after starting the engine (helping to drive the load by the engine), the no-load rotation speed of the electric motor is set sufficiently higher than the idling speed of the engine so that the electric motor is driven at the idling speed. It is necessary to be able to drive at a higher speed.
[0005]
  In general, the no-load rotational speed of the electric motor at the time of engine assist is often set to a speed near the rotational speed at which the engine output reaches its peak.
[0006]
  FIG. 6 shows the torque vs. rotational speed characteristics required of the electric motor when starting the engine and assisting the engine. A curve a in FIG. 6 indicates the characteristics required when starting the engine. The curve b shows the characteristics required when assisting the engine.
[0007]
  If the crankshaft of an engine and the rotating shaft of one motor are connected at a reduction ratio of 1: 1, and the motor tries to both start and assist the engine, the motor It is necessary to have a characteristic as shown by a curve c in FIG. 6 that satisfies both the required characteristic and the characteristic required at the time of assist.
[0008]
  When operating as a motor, the rotating electrical machine having the characteristics as shown by the curve c in FIG. 6 is operated as a generator, and the battery is charged by the output of the rotating electrical machine. There is a possibility that the charging current flowing through the battery becomes excessive, and it is not easy to adjust the output voltage to prevent the battery from being overcharged.
[0009]
  If the rotating electrical machine is of the magnet field rotating type with a magnet rotor, the voltage can be adjusted by short-circuiting the output of the rotating electrical machine when the power generation output becomes excessive. In this case, since a large short-circuit current flows in the armature winding of the rotating electrical machine, heat generation from the winding increases, which is not preferable. In addition, the rotating electric machine having the characteristics shown by the curve c in FIG. 6 is inevitably large and heavy, and the cost is inevitable.
[0010]
  In order to solve the above problem, when starting the engine, the rotation of the rotating electrical machine is reduced by a large reduction ratio and transmitted to the crankshaft of the engine, and when assisting the engine, the rotation of the rotating electrical machine is reduced. It is conceivable to configure a power transmission device provided between the rotating electrical machine and the engine so as to decelerate at a reduction ratio and transmit it to the crankshaft of the engine.
[0011]
  As a prior art related to a power transmission device provided between a rotating electrical machine for a vehicle and an engine, for example, as shown in Patent Document 1, there is one using a planetary gear mechanism.
[0012]
  FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram schematically showing the configuration of the power transmission device disclosed in Patent Document 1, in which 1 is an engine and 2 is connected to a crankshaft 1 a of the engine 1 via a transmission 3. 4 is a rotating electric machine (M / G) that is used as both an electric motor and a generator, and 5 is a rotating shaft on the engine 1 side (the crankshaft 1a or the crankshaft via an appropriate transmission mechanism or joint). Power transmission provided between a rotating shaft 6 connected to each other and a rotating shaft on the rotating electrical machine 4 side (a rotating shaft of the rotating electrical machine or a rotating shaft connected to the rotating shaft of the rotating electrical machine via a joint) 7. Device.
[0013]
  The power transmission device 5 includes a sun gear 501 attached to the rotating shaft 7 on the rotating electrical machine 4 side, an internal gear 502 provided so as to surround the sun gear 501 coaxially, and the rotating shaft 6 on the engine 1 side. The mounted carrier 503, the planetary gear 505 rotatably supported by the carrier 503 via the planetary gear shaft 504 and meshed with the sun gear 501 and the internal gear 502, and the internal gear 502 are fixed, The electromagnetic clutch 506 for releasing the fixing of the internal gear, the rotating shaft 7 on the rotating electric machine side, and the planetary gear shaft 504 are coupled to the rotating shaft 6 on the engine side through the carrier 503 and the planetary gear shaft 504. It consists of a one-way clutch 507 that transmits the transmitted power to the rotating shaft 7 on the rotating electrical machine 4 side.
[0014]
  When the engine is started, the power transmission device 5 shown in FIG. 7 turns on the electromagnetic clutch 506 and fixes the internal gear 502 to fix the rotation of the rotating electrical machine 4 that is driven as the starter motor. The speed is reduced by a planetary gear mechanism including a gear 501, a planetary gear 505, and an internal gear 502, and is transmitted to the crankshaft of the engine 1.
[0015]
  Further, after starting the engine, the electromagnetic clutch 506 is turned off to release the fixing of the internal gear, thereby rotating the engine 1 through the rotary shaft 6, the planetary gear shaft 504, and the one-way clutch 507. Is transmitted to the rotary shaft 7 at a reduction ratio of 1: 1, thereby driving the rotary electric machine 4 and operating the rotary electric machine as a generator.
[0016]
[Patent Document 1]
        JP 2001-298900 A
[0017]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
  According to the conventional power transmission device shown in FIG. 7, since the rotation of the rotating electrical machine can be decelerated and transmitted to the engine when the engine is started, a large torque is transmitted to the engine using a small rotating electrical machine. Can do. In addition, after the engine is started, the rotation of the rotating electrical machine is transmitted to the rotating electrical machine at a 1: 1 reduction ratio without being accelerated by the planetary gear mechanism, so that the rotational speed of the rotating electrical machine is prevented from becoming too high. Can do.
[0018]
  However, since the one-way clutch 507 is provided between the rotating shaft 4a of the rotating electrical machine and the planetary gear shaft 504, the power transmission device shown in FIG. Therefore, there is a problem that the engine cannot be assisted by operating the rotating electrical machine 4 as an electric motor during traveling of the vehicle. Therefore, this power transmission device cannot be applied to a hybrid vehicle that operates a rotating electric machine as an electric motor during driving of the vehicle and assists the engine by the electric motor.
[0019]
  The object of the present invention is to transmit the rotation of the rotating electrical machine to the crankshaft of the engine with a large reduction ratio when starting the engine, and to start the engine with a small rotating electrical machine. Hybrid that enables the rotating electrical machine to operate as an engine assisting motor or as a battery charging generator by connecting the engine and the engine crankshaft with a smaller reduction ratio than at the start. It is in providing the power transmission device for vehicles.
[0020]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
  The present invention includes an engine for driving a vehicle, and a rotating electrical machine that is also used as an electric motor and a generator.hybridProvided between the rotating shaft on the car engine side and the rotating shaft on the rotating electrical machine sidehybridThe present invention relates to a vehicle power transmission device.
[0021]
  The “engine-side rotating shaft” may be the engine crankshaft itself, a rotating shaft connected to the crankshaft via an appropriate transmission mechanism such as a belt transmission mechanism, or a coupling (joint) to the crankshaft. The rotating shafts connected together may be used.
[0022]
  The above-mentioned “rotating electric machine side rotating shaft” may be the rotating electric machine rotating shaft itself, and is coupled to the rotating electric machine rotating shaft via a coupling or the like.A rotating shaft may be used.
[0023]
  In the present invention,The power transmission device is made of a ferromagnetic material and a sun gear attached to the rotating shaft on the rotating electrical machine side, and is positioned between the sun gear and the rotating electrical machine with respect to the rotating shaft on the rotating electrical machine side. And a movable member supported so as to be rotatable in the axial direction of the rotating shaft on the rotating electrical machine side, a spring for urging the movable member toward the sun gear, and provided so as to surround the movable member. An electromagnetic coil that drives the movable member toward the rotating electrical machine against the biasing force of the spring, an internal gear that is provided so as to surround the sun gear coaxially and is supported by the movable member, A mechanism that includes a carrier attached to the rotating shaft, a planetary gear that is rotatably supported by the carrier and meshed with the internal gear and the sun gear, and is configured to accommodate the mechanism. Rotating electric housing And a mechanism case fixed to the case of the engine, a first clutch-forming movable side tooth portion provided on the inscribed gear side, and a direction in which the movable member is separated from the sun gear when the electromagnetic coil is excited. When the internal gear is driven and displaced together with the movable member, it engages with the movable first tooth portion for constituting the clutch, the electromagnetic coil is deenergized, and the movable member is displaced toward the sun gear by the biasing force of the spring. The first clutch-constituting fixed-side tooth portion fixed to the mechanism case and positioned so as to be disengaged from the first clutch-constituting movable-side tooth portion, and the electromagnetic coil deenergized. When the movable member is driven to the sun gear side by the biasing force of the spring, it engages with the teeth of the sun gear and mechanically integrates the internal gear and the sun gear, and the electromagnetic coil is excited. The movable member The second position is fixed to the movable member with the arrangement position determined so as to be disengaged from the tooth portion of the sun gear and release the coupling between the internal gear and the sun gear when driven to the side away from the positive gear. The clutch constituting tooth portion.
[0024]
  In the above configuration, the second clutch constituting tooth portion is provided on the movable member side so that the second clutch constituting tooth portion meshes with the sun gear. A portion may be provided on the carrier side so that the second clutch constituting tooth portion meshes with the internal gear.
[0025]
  That is, when the electromagnetic coil is de-energized and the movable member is driven to the sun gear side by the biasing force of the spring, it is engaged with the teeth of the internal gear and mechanically unites the internal gear and the carrier. When the electromagnetic coil is excited and the movable member is driven to the side away from the sun gear, the disposition position is determined so as to release from the tooth portion of the internal gear and release the coupling between the internal gear and the carrier. The second clutch constituting tooth portion may be provided in a fixed state with respect to the carrier.
[0026]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
[0027]
  FIG. 1 schematically shows the configuration of a first embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, 11 is an engine, 12 is a vehicle connected to a crankshaft 11a of the engine 11 via a transmission 13, and FIG. A drive wheel, 14 is a rotating electrical machine (M / G) used both as an electric motor and a generator, and 15 is a power transmission device provided between a rotating shaft 16 on the engine 11 side and a rotating shaft 17 on the rotating electrical machine 14 side. It is.
[0028]
  The power transmission device 15 includes a sun gear 20 provided to rotate together with the rotating shaft 17 on the rotating electrical machine side, an internal gear 21 provided so as to surround the sun gear 20 and rotatably supported, and an engine side. A planetary gear having a carrier 22 attached to the rotary shaft 16 and a planetary gear 24 rotatably supported by the carrier 22 via a planetary gear shaft 23 and meshed with the internal gear 21 and the sun gear 20. A first clutch mechanism C1 that can be switched between an on state in which the mechanism 25 and the internal gear 21 are fixed and the rotation of the internal gear 21 is blocked, and an off state in which the internal gear 21 is released from being fixed. An ON state in which the carrier 22 and the sun gear 20 are mechanically coupled so as to rotate the carrier 22 and the sun gear 20 at the same speed, and the carrier 22 and the sun. A second clutch mechanism C2 that can be switched to an off state in which the coupling between the carrier 22 and the sun gear 20 is released so as to allow relative rotation between the vehicle 20 and the vehicle 20; The clutch operating mechanism that operates the first clutch mechanism C1 and the second clutch mechanism C2 so that when one of the first clutch mechanism C1 and the second clutch mechanism C2 is turned on, the other is turned off. (Not shown in FIG. 1).
[0029]
  The first clutch mechanism C1 is engaged with the internal gear 21 or a member mechanically coupled to the internal gear 21 to fix the internal gear 21 (on state), and the internal gear 21 In this example, an annular member fixed to the outer periphery of the internal gear 21 can be used. However, in the example shown in FIG. The first clutch mechanism C <b> 1 is configured by 26, and a locking tool 27 that is driven by an electromagnet to lock and release the annular member 26.
[0030]
  The second clutch mechanism C2 may be any mechanism that can take a state in which the carrier 22 and the sun gear 20 are mechanically coupled and a state in which the coupling between the carrier 22 and the sun gear 20 is released. In the example shown in FIG. 1, the rotating electrical machine side clutch plate 28 attached to the rotating shaft 17 on the rotating electrical machine side, and the engine side clutch plate 29 mechanically coupled to the carrier 22 are used. And a clutch member 30 that can be switched between a state in which the clutch plates 28 and 29 are mechanically coupled to each other using an electromagnet as a drive source and a state in which the coupling is released constitutes a second clutch mechanism C2. .
[0031]
  In the power transmission device shown in FIG. 1, the on / off states of the clutch mechanisms C1 and C2 are determined as shown in FIG. 2 according to the operating state of the rotating electrical machine. That is, when the rotary electric machine 14 is operated as a starter motor and the engine is started, the first clutch mechanism C1 is turned on, the second clutch mechanism C2 is turned off, and the rotary electric machine 14 is rotated. The sun gear 20, the planetary gear 24, and the carrier 22 are transmitted to the engine crankshaft. When the number of teeth of the sun gear is Z1 and the number of teeth of the internal gear is Z3, when the engine is started, the rotation of the rotating shaft 17 on the rotating electrical machine side is decelerated at a reduction ratio of Z1 / (Z1 + Z3) and the engine side rotates. The torque is transmitted to the shaft 16, and the output torque of the rotating electrical machine is multiplied by (Z1 + Z3) / Z1 and transmitted to the engine side. Therefore, the engine can be started by cranking the engine using a small rotating electric machine.
[0032]
  Further, after the engine is started, the first clutch mechanism C1 is turned off and the second clutch mechanism C2 is turned on. In this state, the sun gear 20, the planetary gear 24, and the carrier 22 are fixed so as not to rotate relatively, and the sun gear 20 and the carrier 22 are mechanically coupled to each other so as to rotate integrally. Since the internal gear 21 is in a rotatable state, the engine-side rotating shaft 16 and the rotating electrical machine-side rotating shaft 17 are coupled in a one-to-one reduction ratio in both directions.
[0033]
  Therefore, in this state, it is determined whether the rotating electrical machine 14 is in a state of operating as a generator or whether the rotating electrical machine 14 is operated as an electric motor to assist the engine in order to accelerate the vehicle. By controlling the rotating electric machine, the rotating electric machine can be operated as a generator to charge the battery, or the rotating electric machine can be operated as an electric motor to assist the engine.
[0034]
  In the example shown in FIG. 1, the first clutch mechanism C1, the second clutch mechanism C2, and both clutch mechanisms so that when one of these clutch mechanisms is turned on, the other is turned off. A reduction ratio switching mechanism for changing the reduction ratio of the planetary gear is configured by the clutch operation mechanism for operating the.
[0035]
  In this reduction ratio switching mechanism, the state in which the internal gear 21 is fixed and the planetary gear 24 is allowed to undergo planetary motion to decelerate and transmit the rotation of the rotating electrical machine 14 to the engine 11 side is set as the first state. A state in which the fixing of the internal gear is released so that power is transmitted between the engine 14 and the engine 11 at a reduction ratio of 1: 1, and the carrier 22 and the sun gear 20 are mechanically coupled to each other in the second state. In this state, the planetary gear mechanism 25 is switched between the first state and the second state to switch the reduction ratio of the planetary gear mechanism.
[0036]
  A more specific configuration example of the power transmission device 15 is shown in FIG. The upper half of FIG. 3 shows a state in which the first clutch mechanism C1 and the second clutch mechanism C2 are turned on and off, respectively, and the lower half of FIG. 3 shows the first clutch mechanism. The state where C1 and the second clutch mechanism C2 are in the off state and the on state, respectively, is shown.
[0037]
  In FIG. 3, 31 is a mechanism case fixed to the housing of the rotating electrical machine 14 and the case of the engine 11 (not shown). The mechanism case 31 shown in the figure includes a case main body 32 formed in a cup shape, and the case main body. It consists of a lid plate 33 that closes the opening. A cylindrical protrusion 34 protruding outward is formed at the end opposite to the opening of the case body 32, and the engine-side rotary shaft 16 is supported on the end wall of the protrusion 34 via a bearing 35. Has been. The rotating shaft 17 on the rotating electrical machine side is arranged in a state of sharing the central axis with the rotating shaft 16 on the engine side, and the rotating shaft 17 is rotatably supported on the cover plate 33 via a bearing 36.
[0038]
  A cylindrical boss portion 37 is integrally formed at an end portion of the engine-side rotating shaft 16 disposed in the mechanism case 31, and a disc-shaped carrier 22 is integrally formed at the tip of the boss portion 37. Yes. The tip end of the rotating shaft 17 on the rotating electrical machine side is inserted into the boss portion 37, and the tip end portion of the rotating shaft 17 and the boss portion 37 are coupled via a bearing 39.
[0039]
  A sun gear 20 is fixed to a portion of the rotating shaft 17 near the carrier 22 on the rotating electric machine side. Further, a rolling bearing 41 is attached to the rotating shaft 17 in a state of being positioned on the rotating electrical machine side with respect to the sun gear 20, and a cylindrical movable member 43 made of a ferromagnetic material is slidable on an outer ring of the rolling bearing 41. It is mated. Therefore, the movable member 43 is supported via the bearing 41 so as to be rotatable with respect to the rotary shaft 17 and capable of being thrust in the axial direction. A spring receiving plate 44 is also fixed to the rotating shaft 17, and a spring 45 that biases the movable member 43 toward the sun gear 20 is disposed between the spring receiving plate 44 and the movable member 43. An inscribed gear support portion 46 is provided in a state of projecting radially outward from the outer periphery of the end portion of the movable member 43 on the sun gear side, and the sun gear 20 is coaxially surrounded on the outer periphery of the support portion 46. An internal gear 21 is supported.
[0040]
  A plurality of planetary gears 24 are rotatably supported on the carrier 22 via planetary gear shafts 23, and these planetary gears 24 are meshed with the sun gear 20 and the internal gear 21. An electromagnetic coil 50 is provided so as to surround the movable member 43 concentrically, and the movable member 43 resists the biasing force of the spring 45 by the magnetic attractive force generated when the electromagnetic coil 50 is excited. When the electromagnetic coil 50 is deenergized, the movable member 43 is driven to the sun gear 20 side by the urging force of the spring 45.
[0041]
  The internal gear 21 is formed by engraving teeth 21b on the inner circumference of a base body 21a formed in an annular shape, and the first clutch-constituting movable side teeth are formed on the outer periphery of the end of the base body 21a on the rotating electric machine side. A portion 51 is formed, and a first clutch constituting fixed side tooth portion 52 is formed on the inner surface of the peripheral wall portion of the case body 32 of the mechanism case 31. The second clutch-constituting tooth portion 52 is the first clutch when the electromagnetic coil 50 is excited and the movable member 43 is driven away from the sun gear 20 and the internal gear 21 is displaced together with the movable member. When the electromagnetic coil 50 is de-energized and the movable member 43 is displaced to the sun gear side by the biasing force of the spring 45, the first clutch constituent movable side tooth 51 is engaged. The arrangement position is determined so as to be detached.
[0042]
  A second clutch constituting tooth portion 53 is formed on the inner periphery of the end portion of the movable member 43 on the sun gear side. When the electromagnetic coil 50 is de-energized and the movable member 43 is driven to the sun gear 20 side by the biasing force of the spring 45, the second clutch constituting tooth portion 53 meshes with the teeth of the sun gear 20 and is connected to the internal gear. 21 and the sun gear 20 are mechanically integrated, and when the electromagnetic coil 50 is excited and the movable member 43 is driven to the side away from the sun gear 20, it is disengaged from the teeth of the sun gear 20. The arrangement position is determined so as to release the coupling between the internal gear 21 and the sun gear 20.
[0043]
  In this example, a planetary gear mechanism 25 is configured by the carrier 22, the sun gear 20, the internal gear 21, and the planetary gear 24, and the planetary gear mechanism 25, the spring 45, and the electromagnetic coil 50 are configured. The mechanism portion of the power transmission device 15 is accommodated in the mechanism case 31.
[0044]
  In addition, the first clutch constituting movable side tooth portion 51 and the first clutch constituting fixed tooth portion 52 fix the internal gear 21, and prevent its rotation, A first clutch mechanism C1 that can be switched to an off state, which is a state where the fixing of the gear 21 is released, is configured, and the carrier 22 and the sun gear 20 are constituted by the second clutch constituting tooth portion 53 and the sun gear 20. And allowing the relative rotation to occur between the carrier 22 and the sun gear 20 and the on state, which is a state where the carrier 22 and the sun gear 20 are mechanically coupled to each other so as to rotate at the same speed. Thus, the second clutch mechanism C <b> 2 that can be switched to an OFF state, which is a state in which the coupling between the carrier 22 and the sun gear 20 is released, is configured.
[0045]
  Further, the electromagnetic coil 50 and the movable member 43 allow the first clutch mechanism C1 and the second clutch mechanism C1 and the second clutch mechanism C2 to be turned off when one of the first clutch mechanism C1 and the second clutch mechanism C2 is turned on. A clutch operating mechanism for operating the second clutch mechanism C2 is configured.
[0046]
  Further, the internal gear 21 is fixed by the first and second clutch mechanisms and the clutch operation mechanism so that the rotation of the rotating electrical machine 14 is decelerated and transmitted to the engine 11 side, and the planetary gear 24 is allowed to perform planetary motion. The state is set to the first state, the internal gear 21 is unlocked and the carrier 22 and the sun gear 20 are fixed to transmit power between the rotating electrical machine 14 and the engine 11 at a reduction ratio of 1: 1. A reduction ratio switching mechanism that switches the reduction ratio of the planetary gear mechanism 25 by switching the state of the planetary gear mechanism 25 between the first state and the second state by setting the state in which the two are mechanically coupled to each other as a second state. Has been.
[0047]
  In the power transmission device shown in FIG. 3, when the electromagnetic coil 50 is excited, as shown in the upper half of FIG. 3, the first clutch configuration formed on the outer periphery of the internal gear 21. Since the movable side tooth portion 51 meshes with the first clutch constituting fixed side tooth portion 52 formed on the inner periphery of the mechanism case 32 and the first clutch mechanism C1 is in the ON state, the internal gear 21 The rotation is blocked. At this time, the second clutch constituting tooth portion 53 formed on the inner periphery of the movable member 43 is detached from the sun gear 20, and the second clutch mechanism C2 is in an off state. Since the relative rotational movement between the planetary gear 24 and between the planetary gear 24 and the internal gear 21 is allowed, the rotating electric machine is operated as an electric motor and the rotating shaft 17 is moved. When driven to rotate, the rotation is transmitted to the rotating shaft 16 on the engine side via the sun gear 20, the planetary gear 24 and the carrier 22. At this time, the rotation of the rotating electrical machine is transmitted to the engine in a state of being decelerated by the planetary gear mechanism 25. Therefore, even if a small rotating electrical machine is used, a large torque is transmitted to the engine to hinder engine cranking. Can be done without.
[0048]
  When the electromagnetic coil 50 is de-energized after the engine is started, the movable member 43 is driven by the spring 45 and moved to the sun gear 20 side as shown in the lower half of FIG. The clutch-constituting movable side tooth portion 51 is disengaged from the first clutch-constituting fixed side tooth portion 52, and the second clutch-constituting tooth portion 53 is engaged with the sun gear 20. As a result, the first clutch mechanism C1 is turned off so that the internal gear 21 can freely rotate together with the movable member 43, and the second clutch mechanism C2 is turned on so that the internal The gear 21 and the sun gear 20 are coupled to each other to prevent relative rotational movement between the planetary gear 24 and the sun gear 20 and between the planetary gear 24 and the internal gear 21. Therefore, the sun gear 20 and the carrier 22 are mechanically coupled to each other so as to rotate integrally, and a pair of the rotating electrical machine side rotating shaft 17 and the engine side rotating shaft 16 is bidirectionally paired. Combined at a reduction ratio of 1. In this state, the rotating electrical machine can be operated as a generator to charge the battery by setting the rotating electrical machine to be driven by the engine, and the rotating electrical machine can be operated as an electric motor to generate torque from the rotating electrical machine to the engine. By transmitting, the engine can be assisted.
[0049]
  In the example shown in FIG. 3, the second clutch mechanism C <b> 2 is constituted by the second clutch constituting tooth portion 53 provided on the inner peripheral side of the movable member 43 and the sun gear 20, and the second clutch constitution is obtained. By meshing the tooth portion 53 with the sun gear 20, the second clutch mechanism C2 is turned on and the sun gear 20 and the carrier 22 are mechanically coupled to rotate together. The second clutch mechanism C2 is not necessarily limited to such a configuration. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, a second clutch constituting fixed side tooth portion 55 is formed on the outer periphery of the carrier 22, and the second clutch constituting fixed side tooth portion 55 and the internal gear 21 Two clutch mechanisms C2 may be configured.
[0050]
  Also in FIG. 4, the upper half shows a state in which the first clutch mechanism C1 and the second clutch mechanism C2 are turned on and off, respectively, and the lower half shows the first clutch mechanism C1 and the second clutch mechanism C1. The second clutch mechanism C2 is shown in an off state and an on state, respectively.
[0051]
  In the example shown in FIG. 4, when the electromagnetic coil 50 is excited and the movable member 43 is moved to the rotating electrical machine side as shown in the upper half of the figure, the first clutch configuration movable Since the side tooth portion 51 meshes with the first clutch constituting fixed side tooth portion 52 on the inner periphery of the mechanism case 31, the first clutch mechanism C1 is turned on. At this time, the internal gear 21 is disengaged from the second clutch constituting fixed tooth portion 55 on the outer periphery of the carrier 22, so that the second clutch mechanism C2 is in an OFF state. In this state, the internal gear 21 is fixed, and relative rotational movement between the planetary gear 24 and the internal gear 21 and between the planetary gear 24 and the sun gear 20 is allowed. The rotation of the rotating electrical machine is decelerated by the planetary gear mechanism 25 and transmitted to the engine crankshaft.
[0052]
  When the electromagnetic coil 50 is de-energized, and the movable member 43 is urged by the spring 45 and moved to the sun gear 20 side, the internal gear 21 is provided on the outer periphery of the carrier 22 and the second clutch-constituting fixed side. The second clutch mechanism C2 is turned on by meshing with the tooth portion 55. In this state, relative rotational movement is prevented from being performed between the planetary gear 24 and the internal gear 21 and between the planetary gear 24 and the sun gear 20. 22 is mechanically coupled bidirectionally with a reduction ratio of 1: 1, and power is transmitted bidirectionally between the rotating electrical machine and the engine.
[0053]
  An example of the rotating electrical machine 14 used in the hybrid vehicle shown in FIG. 1 is shown in FIG. 5 together with an electric circuit for controlling the rotating electrical machine.
[0054]
  The rotating electrical machine 14 shown in FIG. 5 is a magnet rotor in which two permanent magnets 61 and 62 are attached to the inner periphery of a peripheral wall portion of a rotor yoke 60 formed in a cup shape to form a two-pole magnet field. 63 and a stator 65 formed by winding armature coils Lu to Lw around the tooth portions 64u to 64w of the armature core 64 having three tooth portions 64u to 64w provided at intervals of 120 °. Yes.
[0055]
  In the example shown in FIG. 5, the rotating electrical machine 14 is configured as an outer rotor type, but the rotating electrical machine 14 may be an inner rotor type.
[0056]
  In FIG. 5, B is a battery, and the output of the battery B is supplied to the armature coil of the rotating electrical machine 14 through the inverter INV. The illustrated inverter INV includes a switch circuit bridge circuit formed by connecting six switch elements Qu, Qv, Qw, Qx, Qy, and Qz that can be turned on / off in a three-phase bridge, and switches that constitute the bridge circuit. A well-known bridge-type inverter having feedback diodes Du, Dv, Dw, Dx, Dy, and Dz connected in reverse parallel to elements Qu, Qv, Qw, Qx, Qy, and Qz, respectively, and a direct current of the inverter INV A battery B is connected between the side terminals ta and tb. In the illustrated example, MOSFETs are used as the switch elements Qu, Qv, Qw, Qx, Qy and Qz constituting the inverter, and a parasitic diode formed between the drain and source of the FET constituting these switches is a feedback diode Du. , Dv, Dw, Dx, Dy and Dz.
[0057]
  Note that the switch element used in the inverter is not limited to the FET, and may be a bipolar transistor or IGBT.
[0058]
  The three-phase terminals tu, tv, and tw of the inverter INV are connected to the three-phase terminals drawn from the three-phase armature coils Lu, Lv, and Lw of the rotating electrical machine 2, respectively.
[0059]
  In FIG. 5, a CNT is a controller including a microprocessor and an inverter drive circuit. From the drive circuit of the controller CNT, control terminals of six switch elements Qu, Qv, Qw, Qx, Qy and Qz of the inverter INV ( In the illustrated example, drive signals (signals for turning on the switch elements) U, V, W, X, Y, and Z are given to the gate of the FET.
[0060]
  The controller CNT includes position sensors hu, hv, and hw outputs Hu, Hv, and Hw that detect the rotational angle position of the magnet field of the rotor of the rotating electrical machine 2, and an accelerator sensor 66 that detects the position of the accelerator operation member. Output is input. The position sensors hu to hw for detecting the rotational angle position of the magnet field of the rotor of the rotating electric machine are usually made of Hall ICs and are provided for each of the three-phase armature coils of the rotating electric machine. The position sensors hu to hw detect the polarity of the magnetic poles of the rotor (not shown) at the predetermined detection positions set for the three-phase armature coils Lu to Lw, respectively. In response, rectangular wave position detection signals Hu, Hv and Hw indicating a high level or a low level are output.
[0061]
  The controller CNT needs to be excited in order to rotate the rotor of the rotating electrical machine in a predetermined direction (direction for starting the engine or assisting the engine) from the position detection signal when the rotating electrical machine is operated as an electric motor. A certain phase (excitation phase) is determined, and a drive signal is given from the drive circuit to a predetermined switch element (switch element to be turned on) of the inverter INV so that a drive current flows through the armature coil of the determined excitation phase. .
[0062]
  The accelerator sensor 66 is composed of a potentiometer having an input shaft connected to an accelerator operation member (accelerator grip or accelerator pedal), and generates an electric signal proportional to the position of the accelerator operation member. The controller CNT is a switch that constitutes the upper side or the lower side of the bridge of the inverter INV so that the average value of the armature current of the electric motor is set to a magnitude corresponding to the position of the accelerator operating member when the electric rotating machine is operated as an electric motor. The element is turned on / off at a predetermined duty ratio, and the drive current supplied from the battery B to the armature coils Lu to Lw of the rotating electrical machine 14 through the inverter INV is PWM-controlled.
[0063]
  The controller CNT also includes voltage adjusting means for controlling the inverter INV so as to keep the voltage across the battery B mounted on the vehicle at a target value. This voltage adjusting means detects the voltage of the battery B, performs the chopper control or drive control when the detected voltage is lower than the target value and the rotation speed is equal to or less than the no-load rotation speed, and charges the battery. When the detection voltage is lower than the target value and the rotation speed is equal to or higher than the no-load rotation speed, the battery is charged by performing drive control, or the battery is switched in a rectification mode (a mode in which all switch elements of the inverter are turned off) Charge the battery.
[0064]
  The voltage adjusting means also turns off all the switching elements of the inverter when the detected voltage is higher than the target value and the rotational speed is equal to or less than the no-load rotational speed, the detected voltage is higher than the target value, and When the speed exceeds the no-load rotation speed, drive control or short-circuit control is performed to control the voltage across the battery at a target value.
[0065]
  In the above-mentioned drive control, in the rotating electric machine of the magnet field rotation type, the inverter is configured such that an AC control voltage having a predetermined phase angle with respect to the induced voltage of the armature coil is applied to the armature coil from the battery through the inverter. A drive period (a period during which the switch element is turned on) and a non-drive period (a period during which the switch element is turned off) are determined, and each switch element is turned on during the predetermined drive period. AC control for the induced voltage of the armature coil in order to provide a desired characteristic of output (output voltage or output current of the rotating electrical machine) versus rotational speed characteristics by providing a switch control device that provides a drive signal to each switch element This control is to change the phase of the voltage.
[0066]
  In a magnetic field rotation type rotating electric machine, the magnetic field acting on the armature coil can be controlled by changing the phase of the AC control voltage applied to the armature coil from the battery through the inverter. The output versus rotational speed characteristic, the input torque versus rotational speed characteristic, and the like when operating as a generator can be appropriately changed.
[0067]
  In general, by applying an AC control voltage having a phase angle advanced with respect to the phase of the current induced voltage of the armature coil from the battery to the armature coil through the inverter, the power generation output is lowered to reduce the charging current of the battery. The power generation output is increased by applying an AC control voltage having a phase angle retarded with respect to the phase of the current induced voltage of the armature coil from the battery through the inverter to the armature coil. The charging current can be increased.
[0068]
  Therefore, when the above drive control is performed, the phase angle of the control voltage with respect to the phase of the current induced voltage of the armature coil is changed to the delay side even when the rotation speed is equal to or less than the no-load rotation speed of the rotating electric machine. The charging current can be supplied from the armature coil to the battery, and when the rotation speed exceeds the no-load rotation speed and the battery voltage exceeds the target value, the current induced voltage of the armature coil By changing the phase angle of the control voltage with respect to the phase to the advance side, the battery charging current can be suppressed and overcharging of the battery can be prevented.
[0069]
  The above drive control is already known as disclosed in JP-A-11-46456.
[0070]
  In the chopper control, all the switching elements Qx, Qy, and Qz that form the lower side of the inverter bridge are simultaneously turned on and off to interrupt the current flowing through the armature coil and boost the induced voltage of the armature coil. Control. If the voltage at both ends of the battery is low when the rotation speed is less than the no-load rotation speed and the battery needs to be charged, performing the chopper control as described above will cause the battery even if the rotation speed is less than the no-load rotation speed. Can be charged.
[0071]
  The chopper control of the rotating electrical machine is already known as disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 59-35538.
[0072]
  The short-circuit control constitutes the lower side of the inverter bridge when the voltage at both ends of the battery B exceeds the target value while the rotational speed of the engine 11 exceeds the no-load rotational speed of the rotating electrical machine 14. When the switch elements Qx, Qy, and Qz are simultaneously turned on and the terminals of the rotating electrical machine 14 are short-circuited through these switch elements and any of the feedback diodes, and the voltage across the battery B becomes equal to or lower than the target value. The switching elements Qx, Qy and Qz on the lower side of the inverter bridge are turned on / off according to the voltage across the battery so that the switching elements Qx, Qy and Qz are turned off and the short circuit between the terminals of the rotating electrical machine is released. It is something to control.
[0073]
  By performing such control, it is possible to prevent an excessive voltage from being applied to the battery or an excessive charging current to flow while the rotational speed exceeds the no-load rotational speed. Can be maintained at the target value.
[0074]
  A method for adjusting the voltage applied to the battery from the generator through the rectifier circuit in the inverter by controlling the switching elements constituting the inverter is already known.
[0075]
  The controller CNT further includes various control means necessary for operating the engine, such as a means for controlling the ignition timing of the engine and a fuel injection amount from an injector for supplying engine fuel. However, since these means are the same as the conventional ones, the description thereof is omitted.
[0076]
  In the hybrid vehicle shown in FIG. 1, when the engine 11 is started, the controller CNT turns on the first clutch mechanism C1 when a start command is given by a key switch (not shown) or the like, and the second clutch mechanism C2 Is turned off. When the power transmission device is configured as shown in FIG. 3 or FIG. 4, the first clutch mechanism and the second clutch mechanism are turned on and off, respectively, by exciting the electromagnetic coil 50. . In this state, the inverter INV is controlled so that the rotating electrical machine 14 is operated as a starter motor, and the engine is started.
[0077]
  The controller CNT turns off the first clutch mechanism C1 and turns on the second clutch mechanism C2 when the rotational speed of the rotating electrical machine 14 operated as a motor reaches the start completion speed. . When the power transmission device is configured as shown in FIG. 3 or FIG. 4, the electromagnetic clutch 50 is de-energized so that the first clutch mechanism and the second clutch mechanism are turned off and on, respectively. To do. In this state, the rotating shaft 17 on the rotating electrical machine 14 side is coupled bi-directionally to the rotating shaft 16 on the engine side with a reduction ratio of 1: 1, so the rotational speed of the rotating shaft 17 on the rotating electrical machine 14 side is the engine-side rotation. The rotational speed of the shaft 16 is the same.
[0078]
  When the rotary electric machine 14 is operated as an electric motor in this state, the torque of the rotary electric machine is transmitted to the crankshaft of the engine 11 through the path of the rotary shaft 17 -the sun gear 20 -the planetary gear 24 -the carrier 22 -the rotary shaft 16 and the engine rotates. Assisted by an electric machine. In this state, the drive wheels 12 of the vehicle are driven by both the engine 11 and the rotating electrical machine 14.
[0079]
  Thus, when the rotating electrical machine 14 is operated as an engine assisting motor, the switching phase of the excitation phase of the rotating electrical machine is set to the output Hu, Hv and the position detector so as to increase the output torque of the rotating electrical machine. It is preferable to carry out the advance angle control to advance the theoretical switching phase determined by the output of Hw.
[0080]
  As described above, when the rotating shaft 17 on the rotating electrical machine 14 side and the rotating shaft 16 on the engine side are coupled at a reduction ratio of 1: 1, when the battery B needs to be charged (the voltage at both ends of the battery is When the value is equal to or less than the target value, the output torque of the engine 11 is transmitted to the rotating electrical machine 14 and the rotating electrical machine 14 is driven to operate the rotating electrical machine 14 as a generator.
[0081]
  Thus, when the rotating electrical machine 14 is operated as a generator, the feedback diodes Du, Dv, Dw, Dx, Dy, and Dz in the inverter INV from the armature coils Lu to Lw of the rotating electrical machine 14 and the switch A charging current flows to the battery B through a circuit constituted by the elements Qu, Qv, Qw, Qx, Qy and Qz, and the battery is charged. When the battery B is fully charged and the voltage at both ends thereof exceeds the target value while the battery B is charged in this way, the controller CNT simultaneously turns on the switch elements Qx to Qz on the lower side of the inverter INV bridge. In this state, short-circuit control for short-circuiting the output of the rotating electrical machine is performed, or the drive control is performed, thereby stopping or suppressing charging of the battery B to prevent overcharging of the battery B.
[0082]
【The invention's effect】
  As described above, according to the present invention, the sun gear rotates with the rotating shaft on the rotating electrical machine side, and the planetary gear mechanism provided so that the carrier holding the planetary gear rotates with the rotating shaft on the engine side, A reduction ratio switching mechanism that switches between the state in which the rotation of the electric machine is decelerated by the planetary gear mechanism and transmitted to the rotation shaft on the engine side and the state in which the sun gear and the carrier are rotated together is provided. The rotation of the electric machine can be decelerated by the planetary gear mechanism and transmitted to the engine. After the engine is started, the rotating shaft on the rotating electric machine side and the rotating shaft on the engine side are coupled at a reduction ratio of 1: 1. Thus, power can be transmitted bidirectionally between the rotating electrical machine and the engine.
[0083]
  As described above, when the power transmission device according to the present invention is used, the rotation of the rotating electrical machine can be decelerated and transmitted to the engine when the engine is started. Can be done without.
[0084]
  In addition, according to the present invention, after the engine is started, the rotary shaft on the rotating electrical machine side and the rotary shaft on the engine side can be coupled bidirectionally with a 1: 1 reduction ratio. The engine can be assisted by operating as an electric motor, or the rotating electrical machine can be operated as a generator to charge the battery with the output of the rotating electrical machine.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram schematically showing a configuration example of a hybrid vehicle according to the present invention.
2 is a chart showing a relationship between an operating state of a rotating electrical machine and a state of a clutch mechanism of a power transmission device in the vehicle shown in FIG.
3 is a cross-sectional view showing a specific configuration example of a power transmission device used in the vehicle shown in FIG.
4 is a cross-sectional view showing another specific configuration example of the power transmission device used in the vehicle shown in FIG. 1. FIG.
FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing a specific example of a rotating electrical machine used in the hybrid vehicle shown in FIG. 1 and an example of an electric circuit for controlling the rotating electrical machine.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing torque versus rotational speed characteristics required for a rotating electrical machine when starting an engine and assisting the engine.
FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram schematically showing a configuration of a vehicle in which a rotating electrical machine is used as a generator and a starting motor.
[Explanation of symbols]
  11: Engine, 14: Rotating electric machine, 15: Power transmission device, 16: Engine side rotating shaft, 17: Rotating electric machine side rotating shaft, 20: Sun gear, 21: Internal gear, 22: Carrier, 23: Planetary gear shaft 24: planetary gear, 25: planetary gear mechanism, C1: first clutch mechanism, C2: second clutch mechanism, 31: mechanism case, 50: electromagnetic coil, 43: movable member, 45: spring, 51: first 1 clutch-constituting movable side tooth portion, 52: first clutch-constituting fixed tooth portion, 53, 55: second clutch-constituting tooth portion.

Claims (2)

A hybrid vehicle power transmission device provided between a rotating shaft on the engine side and a rotating shaft on the rotating electrical machine side of a hybrid vehicle including a vehicle driving engine and a rotating electrical machine that is also used as an electric motor and a generator. In
The sun gear mounted on the rotating shaft on the rotating electrical machine side, and made of a ferromagnetic material, and rotates with respect to the rotating shaft on the rotating electrical machine side in a state of being positioned between the sun gear and the rotating electrical machine. A movable member supported freely and thrustably in the axial direction of the rotating shaft on the rotating electrical machine side, a spring that biases the movable member toward the sun gear, and a movable member is provided so as to surround the movable member. An electromagnetic coil that drives the movable member toward the rotating electrical machine against the biasing force of the spring when excited, and an inner coil that is provided so as to surround the sun gear and is supported by the movable member. A mechanism unit including a contact gear, a carrier attached to the rotation shaft on the engine side, and a planetary gear that is rotatably supported by the carrier and meshed with the internal gear and the sun gear;
A mechanism case configured to accommodate the mechanism part and fixed to the housing of the rotating electrical machine and the case of the engine;
A first clutch constituting movable side tooth portion provided on the inscribed gear side;
  When the electromagnetic coil is excited and the movable member is driven in a direction away from the sun gear, and the internal gear is displaced together with the movable member, the first clutch constituting movable side tooth portion is engaged. When the electromagnetic coil is de-energized and the movable member is displaced toward the sun gear by the biasing force of the spring, the disposition position is determined so as to be disengaged from the first clutch-constituting movable side tooth portion. A first clutch-constituting fixed-side tooth portion fixed to the mechanism case
When the electromagnetic coil is de-energized and the movable member is driven to the sun gear side by the biasing force of the spring, the internal gear and the sun gear are mechanically integrated by meshing with the teeth of the sun gear. When the electromagnetic coil is excited and the movable member is driven away from the sun gear, the internal gear and the sun gear are coupled with each other by disengaging from the tooth portion of the sun gear. A second clutch-constituting tooth portion that is fixed with respect to the movable member and is positioned so as to release
A power transmission device for a hybrid vehicle comprising: A hybrid vehicle power transmission device provided between a rotating shaft on the engine side and a rotating shaft on the rotating electrical machine side of a hybrid vehicle including a vehicle driving engine and a rotating electrical machine that is also used as an electric motor and a generator. In
The sun gear mounted on the rotating shaft on the rotating electrical machine side, and made of a ferromagnetic material, and rotates with respect to the rotating shaft on the rotating electrical machine side in a state of being positioned between the sun gear and the rotating electrical machine. A movable member supported freely and thrustably in the axial direction of the rotating shaft on the rotating electrical machine side, a spring that biases the movable member toward the sun gear, and a movable member is provided so as to surround the movable member. An electromagnetic coil that drives the movable member away from the sun gear against the biasing force of the spring when excited, and is provided so as to surround the sun gear coaxially and is supported by the movable member. And a planetary gear that is rotatably supported by the carrier and meshed with the internal gear and the sun gear. When
A mechanism case configured to accommodate the mechanism part and fixed to the housing of the rotating electrical machine and the case of the engine;
A first clutch constituting movable side tooth portion provided on the inscribed gear side;
When the electromagnetic coil is excited and the movable member is driven in a direction away from the sun gear, and the internal gear is displaced together with the movable member, the first clutch constituting movable side tooth portion is engaged. When the electromagnetic coil is de-energized and the movable member is displaced toward the sun gear by the biasing force of the spring, the disposition position is determined so as to be disengaged from the first clutch-constituting movable side tooth portion. A first clutch-constituting fixed-side tooth portion fixed to the mechanism case
When the electromagnetic coil is de-energized and the movable member is driven to the sun gear side by the biasing force of the spring, it meshes with the teeth of the internal gear and mechanically integrates the internal gear and the carrier. When the electromagnetic coil is excited and the movable member is driven away from the sun gear, the internal gear and the carrier are coupled with each other by disengaging from the tooth portion of the internal gear. A second clutch-constituting tooth portion, the disposition position of which is fixed to the carrier and fixed to the carrier;
A power transmission device for a hybrid vehicle comprising:

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