JP4419636B2 - A method for regenerating a reduction catalyst and a method for producing (alkylamino) diphenylamines. - Google Patents
A method for regenerating a reduction catalyst and a method for producing (alkylamino) diphenylamines. Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、(アルキルアミノ)ジフェニルアミン類を製造する際に使用される還元触媒の再生方法に関するものである。また、本発明は、こうして再生した還元触媒を用いて、(アルキルアミノ)ジフェニルアミン類を製造する方法にも関係している。(アルキルアミノ)ジフェニルアミン類は、例えばゴムやプラスチックの酸化劣化やオゾン劣化を防止するための添加剤として、有用である。 The present invention relates to a method for regenerating a reduction catalyst used in the production of (alkylamino) diphenylamines. The present invention also relates to a method for producing (alkylamino) diphenylamines using the regenerated catalyst thus regenerated. (Alkylamino) diphenylamines are useful, for example, as additives for preventing oxidative degradation and ozone degradation of rubbers and plastics.
(アルキルアミノ)ジフェニルアミン類を製造する方法として、アミノジフェニルアミン類、ニトロジフェニルアミン類又はニトロソジフェニルアミン類を、水素と還元触媒の存在下にケトンと反応させる方法が知られている(所謂還元アルキル化反応)。また、この還元触媒の活性を向上させる方法として、特開昭63−51362号公報(特許文献1)には、還元触媒を予め脂肪族カルボン酸で処理することや、脂肪族カルボン酸の存在下に反応を行うことが、提案されている。
上記還元触媒は、コスト等の点から、回収、再使用するのが望ましいが、この使用回数が多くなるほど活性が低下して、(アルキルアミノ)ジフェニルアミン類が十分な収率で得られないことがある。そのため、回収した還元触媒の再生処理が必要となるが、これまでに有効な方法は知られておらず、上記特許文献1に記載のように脂肪族カルボン酸で処理しても、活性の回復効果は必ずしも満足できるものではなかった。 The reduction catalyst is preferably recovered and reused from the viewpoint of cost and the like, but the activity decreases as the number of use increases, and (alkylamino) diphenylamines may not be obtained in a sufficient yield. is there. Therefore, it is necessary to regenerate the recovered reduction catalyst. However, no effective method has been known so far, and even if it is treated with an aliphatic carboxylic acid as described in Patent Document 1, the activity is restored. The effect was not always satisfactory.
そこで、本発明者等は、上記還元触媒の優れた再生方法を開発すべく鋭意研究を行った結果、回収した還元触媒を無機酸と接触させることにより、その活性が効果的に回復しうることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。 Therefore, as a result of earnest research to develop an excellent regeneration method for the above-mentioned reduction catalyst, the present inventors can effectively recover its activity by bringing the recovered reduction catalyst into contact with an inorganic acid. As a result, the present invention has been completed.
すなわち、本発明は、アミノジフェニルアミン類、ニトロジフェニルアミン類又はニトロソジフェニルアミン類を水素の存在下にケトンと反応させて(アルキルアミノ)ジフェニルアミン類を製造する際に使用した還元触媒を、無機酸と接触させることにより、還元触媒を再生する方法を提供するものである。 That is, the present invention makes the reduction catalyst used in the production of (alkylamino) diphenylamines by reacting aminodiphenylamines, nitrodiphenylamines or nitrosodiphenylamines with ketones in the presence of hydrogen to contact with an inorganic acid. Thus, a method for regenerating the reduction catalyst is provided.
また、本発明は、こうして再生した還元触媒及び水素の存在下に、アミノジフェニルアミン類、ニトロジフェニルアミン類又はニトロソジフェニルアミン類をケトンと反応させることにより、(アルキルアミノ)ジフェニルアミン類を製造する方法にも関係している。 The present invention also relates to a process for producing (alkylamino) diphenylamines by reacting aminodiphenylamines, nitrodiphenylamines or nitrosodiphenylamines with ketones in the presence of the regenerated reduction catalyst and hydrogen. is doing.
本発明によれば、(アルキルアミノ)ジフェニルアミン類の製造に使用した還元触媒の活性を効果的に回復させることができ、こうして再生した還元触媒を用いることにより、(アルキルアミノ)ジフェニルアミン類を収率良く製造することができる。 According to the present invention, the activity of the reduction catalyst used in the production of (alkylamino) diphenylamines can be effectively recovered, and by using the reduction catalyst thus regenerated, (alkylamino) diphenylamines can be obtained in a yield. Can be manufactured well.
本発明が再生の対象とする触媒は、アミノジフェニルアミン類、ニトロジフェニルアミン類又はニトロソジフェニルアミン類(以下、これらを単に「ジフェニルアミン類」と呼ぶことがある)を水素の存在下にケトンと反応させて(アルキルアミノ)ジフェニルアミン類を製造する際に使用される、所謂還元アルキル化反応用の還元触媒である。この還元触媒としては、通常、ニッケル、ルテニウム、ロジウム、パラジウム、白金等の水素化活性を有する金属触媒が用いられ、中でも、これら金属がカーボン、アルミナ、シリカ−アルミナ、ゼオライト等の担体に担持されてなる担持触媒が好適に用いられる。また、還元触媒の使用量は、その活性や種類、反応条件等により適宜調整されるが、原料のジフェニルアミン類に対し、通常0.001〜0.05重量倍程度である。 The catalyst to be regenerated by the present invention includes aminodiphenylamines, nitrodiphenylamines or nitrosodiphenylamines (hereinafter sometimes referred to simply as “diphenylamines”) reacted with a ketone in the presence of hydrogen ( It is a reduction catalyst for the so-called reductive alkylation reaction used in the production of (alkylamino) diphenylamines. As this reduction catalyst, a metal catalyst having hydrogenation activity such as nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, platinum or the like is usually used, and among these, these metals are supported on a carrier such as carbon, alumina, silica-alumina, zeolite and the like. The supported catalyst is preferably used. The amount of the reduction catalyst used is appropriately adjusted depending on the activity, type, reaction conditions, and the like, but is usually about 0.001 to 0.05 times the weight of the raw material diphenylamines.
原料に用いられるアミノジフェニルアミン類は、ジフェニルアミン又は置換ジフェニルアミンのベンゼン環にアミノ基(−NH2)が結合した化合物であり、同様に、ニトロジフェニルアミン類は、ジフェニルアミン又は置換ジフェニルアミンのベンゼン環にニトロ基が結合した化合物であり、ニトロソジフェニルアミン類は、ジフェニルアミン又は置換ジフェニルアミンのベンゼン環にニトロソ基が結合した化合物である。また、置換ジフェニルアミンにおける置換基の例としては、ハロゲン原子、炭素数1〜10程度のアルキル基やアルコキシ基、炭素数6〜10程度のアリール基やアリールオキシ基を挙げることができる。 Aminodiphenylamines used as raw materials are compounds in which an amino group (—NH 2 ) is bonded to the benzene ring of diphenylamine or substituted diphenylamine. Similarly, nitrodiphenylamines have a nitro group on the benzene ring of diphenylamine or substituted diphenylamine. A nitrosodiphenylamine is a compound in which a nitroso group is bonded to the benzene ring of diphenylamine or substituted diphenylamine. Moreover, as an example of the substituent in substituted diphenylamine, a halogen atom, a C1-C10 alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a C6-C10 aryl group, and an aryloxy group can be mentioned.
ケトンとしては、脂肪族ケトン、脂環式ケトン、芳香族ケトンのいずれも使用できるが、好ましくは、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトンのようなジアルキルケトン;メシチルオキサイドのようなアルキルアルケニルケトン;シクロヘキサノンのようなシクロアルカノンである。ケトンの使用量は、原料のジフェニルアミン類に対し、通常1〜10モル倍、好ましくは1.1〜5モル倍、さらに好ましくは1.5〜3モル倍である。 As the ketone, any of aliphatic ketones, alicyclic ketones, and aromatic ketones can be used, but preferably dialkyl ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and methyl isobutyl ketone; alkyl alkenyl ketones such as mesityl oxide; cyclohexanone Such as cycloalkanone. The amount of the ketone used is usually 1 to 10 moles, preferably 1.1 to 5 moles, more preferably 1.5 to 3 moles, relative to the raw material diphenylamines.
上記反応は、通常、反応系内を水素雰囲気下にして行われ、この水素圧力は常圧でもよいが、反応速度の点から、通常0.5〜7MPa、好ましくは1〜4MPaである。また、反応温度は、反応速度と副反応抑制のバランスの点から、通常50〜220℃、好ましくは80〜190℃である。 The above reaction is usually carried out under a hydrogen atmosphere in the reaction system, and this hydrogen pressure may be normal pressure, but is usually 0.5 to 7 MPa, preferably 1 to 4 MPa from the viewpoint of reaction rate. Moreover, reaction temperature is 50-220 degreeC normally from the point of the balance of reaction rate and side reaction suppression, Preferably it is 80-190 degreeC.
反応溶媒は任意であるが、使用する場合、メタノール、エタノール、イソプロパノールのようなアルコール系溶媒や、1,3−ジメチル−2−イミダゾリジン、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミドのような極性溶媒が、好適に用いられる。反応溶媒を使用する場合、その使用量は、原料のジフェニルアミン類に対し、通常1〜10重量倍程度である。また、反応速度の向上等を目的として、例えば、前記特許文献1に記載の如き酢酸やプロピオン酸等の脂肪族カルボン酸を共存させる方法、特願2002−253215号明細書に記載の如き水を共存させる方法、特願2002−253216号明細書に記載の如き活性炭を共存させる方法を採用してもよい。 The reaction solvent is arbitrary, but when used, alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol and isopropanol, and polar solvents such as 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidine and N, N-dimethylformamide are preferable. Used for. When a reaction solvent is used, the amount used is usually about 1 to 10 times the weight of the raw material diphenylamines. For the purpose of improving the reaction rate, for example, a method of coexisting an aliphatic carboxylic acid such as acetic acid or propionic acid as described in Patent Document 1, water as described in Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-253215 is used. You may employ | adopt the method of making it coexist, and the method of making activated carbon coexist as described in Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-253216.
以上のように反応を行った後、濾過やデカンテーション等により反応混合物から還元触媒を回収して、再度、反応に使用すると、特に使用回数が多くなるほど、その活性低下が原因となって、(アルキルアミノ)ジフェニルアミン類が十分な収率で得られないことがある。そこで、本発明では、この回収した還元触媒を無機酸との接触処理に付す。かかる処理を施すことで、回収した還元触媒の活性を効果的に回復させることができ、こうして再生した還元触媒を用いて上記反応を行うことにより、原料のジフェニルアミン類を高転化率で(アルキルアミノ)ジフェニルアミン類に変換することができる。 After carrying out the reaction as described above, the reduction catalyst is recovered from the reaction mixture by filtration, decantation, etc., and is used again for the reaction. Alkylamino) diphenylamines may not be obtained in sufficient yield. Therefore, in the present invention, the recovered reduction catalyst is subjected to a contact treatment with an inorganic acid. By performing such treatment, the activity of the recovered reduction catalyst can be effectively recovered, and by performing the above reaction using the reduction catalyst thus regenerated, the raw material diphenylamines can be converted to (alkylamino) at a high conversion rate. ) Can be converted to diphenylamines.
無機酸の例としては、塩化水素、臭化水素のようなハロゲン化水素や、硫酸、硝酸、ホウ酸、リン酸、過塩素酸のようなオキソ酸を挙げることができる。中でも、塩化水素や硫酸のような強酸が好ましい。無機酸の使用量は、還元触媒に対し、通常0.001〜100重量倍、好ましくは0.01〜10重量倍である。 Examples of inorganic acids include hydrogen halides such as hydrogen chloride and hydrogen bromide, and oxo acids such as sulfuric acid, nitric acid, boric acid, phosphoric acid, and perchloric acid. Of these, strong acids such as hydrogen chloride and sulfuric acid are preferred. The amount of the inorganic acid used is usually 0.001 to 100 times by weight, preferably 0.01 to 10 times by weight with respect to the reduction catalyst.
無機酸は液状で用いるのが好ましく、例えば、水溶液として用いてもよいし、有機溶媒の溶液として用いてもよく、また、それ自身液体として存在しうるものはそのまま用いてもよいが、水溶液として用いるのがより好ましい。無機酸を溶液として用いる場合、その濃度は通常0.001重量%以上である。 The inorganic acid is preferably used in a liquid state. For example, the inorganic acid may be used as an aqueous solution, an organic solvent solution, or a liquid which may exist as a liquid itself. More preferably it is used. When an inorganic acid is used as a solution, the concentration is usually 0.001% by weight or more.
還元触媒と無機酸との接触処理は、例えば、両者を混合して攪拌や振盪することにより行ってもよいし、還元触媒を管状容器等の中で固定して、ここに無機酸を流通させることにより行ってもよい。接触処理の温度は通常0〜100℃、好ましくは0〜70℃である。なお、還元触媒は、接触処理に付す前に、予め水や有機溶媒、上記反応で用いたケトン等で洗浄しておくのがよい。 The contact treatment between the reduction catalyst and the inorganic acid may be performed, for example, by mixing the two together and stirring or shaking, or fixing the reduction catalyst in a tubular container or the like and allowing the inorganic acid to flow therethrough. It may be done by. The temperature of the contact treatment is usually 0 to 100 ° C, preferably 0 to 70 ° C. In addition, it is good to wash | clean a reduction catalyst previously with water, an organic solvent, the ketone used by the said reaction, etc. before attaching | subjecting contact processing.
接触処理後の還元触媒は、例えば濾過やデカンテーションにより無機酸から分離し、必要に応じて、水や有機溶媒で洗浄してもよいし、さらに乾燥、還元、酸化等の処理に付してもよい。また、接触処理は複数回繰り返してもよい。こうして得られる再生触媒は、上記反応に再使用することができ、このように触媒を再生、再使用することで、触媒コストを低減して、(アルキルアミノ)ジフェニルアミン類を収率良く製造することができる。 The reduction catalyst after the contact treatment is separated from the inorganic acid by, for example, filtration or decantation, and may be washed with water or an organic solvent as necessary, and further subjected to treatment such as drying, reduction, oxidation, etc. Also good. Moreover, you may repeat a contact process in multiple times. The regenerated catalyst thus obtained can be reused in the above reaction. By regenerating and reusing the catalyst in this way, the catalyst cost can be reduced and (alkylamino) diphenylamines can be produced in high yield. Can do.
以下、本発明の実施例を示すが、本発明はこれらによって限定されるものではない。例中、含有量乃至使用量を表す%及び部は、特記ないかぎり重量基準である。 Examples of the present invention will be described below, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In the examples, “%” and “part” representing the content or amount used are based on weight unless otherwise specified.
参考例1(回収触媒の取得)
攪拌式オートクレーブに、4−アミノジフェニルアミン100部、メチルイソブチルケトン93部、及び白金触媒(エヌ・イーケムキャット(株)製、3%Ptカーボンサルファイド粉末含水品)を入れ、水素雰囲気下とした後、内温を150℃とした。次いで、水素で3MPaに加圧し、消費される水素を補給しながら、同温度、同圧力を保持して反応を行った。水素の消費が観測されなくなった後、オートクレーブから水素を抜いて常圧に戻すと共に、反応液を100℃まで冷却した。反応液を濾過して触媒を分離し、メチルイソブチルケトンで洗浄した。こうして回収した触媒を用いて上記と同様に反応を行い、さらに同様に触媒の回収及び反応を複数回繰り返した。また、その際、反応が毎回、同程度の速度で進行するように、新品触媒の追加や回収触媒の一部除去を行った。最後に反応液を濾過して触媒を分離し、メチルイソブチルケトンと水で洗浄した。得られた回収触媒を、以下の例で使用した。
Reference Example 1 (Acquisition of recovered catalyst)
In a stirring autoclave, 100 parts of 4-aminodiphenylamine, 93 parts of methyl isobutyl ketone, and platinum catalyst (manufactured by NP Chemcat Co., Ltd., 3% Pt carbon sulfide powder-containing product) were placed in a hydrogen atmosphere. The internal temperature was 150 ° C. Next, the reaction was carried out by pressurizing to 3 MPa with hydrogen and maintaining the same temperature and pressure while replenishing the consumed hydrogen. After consumption of hydrogen was no longer observed, hydrogen was removed from the autoclave to return to normal pressure, and the reaction solution was cooled to 100 ° C. The reaction solution was filtered to separate the catalyst and washed with methyl isobutyl ketone. Using the catalyst thus recovered, the reaction was performed in the same manner as described above, and the recovery and reaction of the catalyst were repeated a plurality of times in the same manner. At that time, a new catalyst was added and a part of the recovered catalyst was removed so that the reaction proceeded at the same speed every time. Finally, the reaction solution was filtered to separate the catalyst, and washed with methyl isobutyl ketone and water. The resulting recovered catalyst was used in the following examples.
参考例2(回収触媒の評価)
500mlの攪拌式オートクレーブに、4−アミノジフェニルアミン100部、メチルイソブチルケトン93部及び参考例1で得られた回収触媒1部を入れ、窒素雰囲気下とした後、内温を150℃とした。次いで、水素雰囲気下とした後、水素で3MPaに加圧し、消費される水素を補給しながら、同温度、同圧力を保持して反応を行った。水素加圧開始から4時間後に、オートクレーブから水素を抜いて常圧に戻すと共に、反応液を室温まで冷却した。反応液を濾過して触媒を分離し、濾液をガスクロマトグラフィーにより分析した結果、4−アミノジフェニルアミンの転化率は54.3%であり、4−(1,3−ジメチルブチルアミノ)ジフェニルアミンの選択率は95.4%であった。
Reference Example 2 (Evaluation of recovered catalyst)
In a 500 ml stirring autoclave, 100 parts of 4-aminodiphenylamine, 93 parts of methyl isobutyl ketone and 1 part of the recovered catalyst obtained in Reference Example 1 were put in a nitrogen atmosphere, and the internal temperature was set to 150 ° C. Next, after the hydrogen atmosphere, the pressure was increased to 3 MPa with hydrogen, and the reaction was performed while maintaining the same temperature and pressure while replenishing the consumed hydrogen. Four hours after the start of hydrogen pressurization, hydrogen was removed from the autoclave to return to normal pressure, and the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature. The reaction solution was filtered to separate the catalyst, and the filtrate was analyzed by gas chromatography. As a result, the conversion of 4-aminodiphenylamine was 54.3%, and the selection of 4- (1,3-dimethylbutylamino) diphenylamine was performed. The rate was 95.4%.
実施例1
100mlのビーカーに、参考例1で得られた回収触媒1部及び2%塩酸水溶液37部を入れ、50℃にて30分間攪拌した後、濾過し、次いで濾残の触媒を水30部で3回洗浄した。こうして得られた再生触媒の全量を用いて、参考例2と同様に反応を行って評価した結果、4−アミノジフェニルアミンの転化率は93.1%であり、4−(1,3−ジメチルブチルアミノ)ジフェニルアミンの選択率は99.0%であった。
Example 1
In a 100 ml beaker, 1 part of the recovered catalyst obtained in Reference Example 1 and 37 parts of a 2% aqueous hydrochloric acid solution were added, stirred at 50 ° C. for 30 minutes, filtered, and then the remaining catalyst was filtered with 3 parts of water. Washed twice. Using the total amount of the regenerated catalyst thus obtained, the reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Reference Example 2. As a result, the conversion of 4-aminodiphenylamine was 93.1%, and 4- (1,3-dimethylbutyl The selectivity for amino) diphenylamine was 99.0%.
実施例2
2%塩酸水溶液に代えて、2%硫酸水溶液を使用した以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行った。4−アミノジフェニルアミンの転化率は87.2%であり、4−(1,3−ジメチルブチルアミノ)ジフェニルアミンの選択率は98.8%であった。
Example 2
The same operation as in Example 1 was performed except that a 2% aqueous sulfuric acid solution was used instead of the 2% aqueous hydrochloric acid solution. The conversion of 4-aminodiphenylamine was 87.2%, and the selectivity for 4- (1,3-dimethylbutylamino) diphenylamine was 98.8%.
実施例3
2%塩酸水溶液に代えて、0.1%硫酸水溶液を使用した以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行った。4−アミノジフェニルアミンの転化率は89.6%であり、4−(1,3−ジメチルブチルアミノ)ジフェニルアミンの選択率は99.0%であった。
Example 3
The same operation as in Example 1 was performed except that a 0.1% aqueous sulfuric acid solution was used in place of the 2% aqueous hydrochloric acid solution. The conversion of 4-aminodiphenylamine was 89.6%, and the selectivity for 4- (1,3-dimethylbutylamino) diphenylamine was 99.0%.
比較例1
2%塩酸水溶液に代えて、2%酢酸水溶液を使用した以外は、実施例1と同様の操作を行った。4−アミノジフェニルアミンの転化率は80.4%であり、4−(1,3−ジメチルブチルアミノ)ジフェニルアミンの選択率は98.4%であった。
Comparative Example 1
The same operation as in Example 1 was performed except that a 2% aqueous acetic acid solution was used instead of the 2% aqueous hydrochloric acid solution. The conversion of 4-aminodiphenylamine was 80.4%, and the selectivity for 4- (1,3-dimethylbutylamino) diphenylamine was 98.4%.
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