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JP4425504B2 - Soft austenitic stainless steel - Google Patents
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JP4425504B2 - Soft austenitic stainless steel - Google Patents

Soft austenitic stainless steel Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4425504B2
JP4425504B2 JP2001279051A JP2001279051A JP4425504B2 JP 4425504 B2 JP4425504 B2 JP 4425504B2 JP 2001279051 A JP2001279051 A JP 2001279051A JP 2001279051 A JP2001279051 A JP 2001279051A JP 4425504 B2 JP4425504 B2 JP 4425504B2
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stainless steel
effect
austenitic stainless
softening
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JP2003082444A (en
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光司 高野
和久 竹内
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Nippon Steel Stainless Steel Corp
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Nippon Steel and Sumikin Stainless Steel Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼の軟質化に係わり、例えば、ステンレスねじの冷間加工性や冷間加工時の工具寿命向上等に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
オーステナイト系ステンレス製のねじ等は、冷間加工により製造されるため、優れた冷間加工性と工具寿命が要求される。
従来、ねじ等に冷間加工されるオーステナイト系ステンレス材料として、SUS304,SUS305,SUSXM7等が使用されているが、最近の強冷間加工性(長工具寿命化)ニーズを必ずしも満足していない。
そのため、Ni添加量を増やしたSUS384,SUS385が使用されている。また、Mn,Ni,Cuを添加し、C,Nを低減させた軟質化材料も提案されている(特開平61−190048公報)。
更に、近年、オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼において、Cu,Bを同時に添加して冷間鍛造性を向上させることが提案されている(特開平7−316743号公報)。
一方、介在物を制御して、結晶粒径を粗大化して冷間加工性を向上することも提案されている(特開2000−144340)。
しかしながら、これらの材料は、必ずしも強冷間加工性(長工具寿命化)、且つ、低価格化のニーズを満足していない。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、冷間加工性および工具寿命に優れる軟質オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼を安価に提供することにある。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記課題を解決するために種々検討した結果、オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼のマトリックスと粒界強度を低減させるように、C,Nを低減し、且つ、Bを適量添加して、結晶粒を適正化させるという従来技術の組み合わせで、大幅に冷間加工性と工具寿命を向上できる軟質オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼を安価に得ることを見いだし、本発明をなしたのである。
【0005】
すなわち、本発明の要旨とするところは以下の通りである。
(1)質量%で、C:0.001〜0.01%未満,Si:0.05〜1.0%,Mn:0.1〜6.0%,Ni:7.0〜13.0%,Cr:15.0〜20.0%,N:0.001〜0.06%,B:0.001〜0.01%、O:0.02%以下、Al:0.1%以下を含有し、残部Fe及び不可避不純物からなり、結晶粒度がJIS G 0551の粒度番号で3〜8であることを特徴とする冷間加工性に優れた軟質オーステナイトステンレス鋼である。
) O:0.005〜0.02%,Si:0.05〜0.3%,Al:0.008%以下を特徴とする前記(1)記載の冷間加工性に優れた軟質オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼である。
) O:0.005%以下,Al:0.008〜0.1%を特徴とする前記(1)記載の冷間加工性に優れた軟質オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼である。
4)Cu:0.5〜3.5%を含有することを特徴とする前記(1)〜()記載のいずれかの冷間加工性に優れた軟質オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼である。
) Mo:0.2〜3.0%を含有することを特徴とする前記(1)〜()記載のいずれかの冷間加工性に優れた軟質オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼である。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に、先ず、本発明請求項1記載の限定理由を述べる。
Cはオーステナイトのマトリックスを軟化し、且つ、B添加により効果的に粒界強度を低減させて冷間加工性を向上させるために0.035%以下にする。しかしながら、工業的に0.001%以下にするのは困難なため、下限を0.001%とする。好ましくは、0.003%以上、0.01%未満で本発明の効果が著しい。
【0007】
Siは脱酸のために0.05%以上添加するが、過剰の添加は強度を高め、冷間加工性を劣化させる。そのため、上限を1.0%に限定する。好ましい範囲は、後述するが、0.05〜0.3%である。
【0008】
Mnはオーステナイトを安定化させ、加工硬化を抑制して冷間加工性を向上させるために添加する。しかしながら、0.1%以下にすることは経済性に劣る。そのため、下限を0.1%とする。一方、6.0%を超えると耐食性を劣化させるばかりか、逆に固溶強化によりBの軟質化の効果が明確でなくなる。そのため、上限を6.0%に限定する。好ましい範囲は、0.5〜3.0%である。
【0009】
Niはオーステナイトを安定化させ、加工硬化を抑制して、Bによる軟質化の効果を明確にするために7.0%以上添加する。しかしながら、13.0%を超えると経済性に劣る。そのため、上限を13.0%にする。好ましい範囲は、8.0〜11.0%である。
【0010】
Crは耐食性確保のために15.0%以上添加する。しかしながら、20.0%を超えて添加すると経済的でないばかりか、固溶強化のためBによる軟質化の効果が低減する。そのため、上限を20.0%にする。好ましい範囲は、16.0〜19.0%である。
【0011】
Nはオーステナイトのマトリックスを軟化し、且つ、B添加により効果的に粒界強度を低減させて冷間加工性を向上させるために、0.06%以下にする。しかしながら、工業的に0.001%以下にするのは困難なため、下限を0.001%とする。好ましい範囲は、0.003〜0.03%である。
【0012】
Bは、結晶粒界へ偏析することによりCの粒界偏析を軽減させるため、粒界強度(強度)が低減し、冷間加工性が向上する。そのため、0.001%以上添加する。しかしながら、0.01%を超えて添加するとボライドの生成が著しく、逆に硬質化し、冷間加工性を劣化させる。そのため、上限を0.01%にする。好ましい範囲は0.002〜0.005%である。
【0013】
結晶粒径は、Bの粒界強度低減効果を著しく引き出すために、JIS G 0551の粒度番号で8以下にする。しかしながら、粒度番号で3未満になると冷間加工時の肌荒れが起こるので粒度番号の下限を3にする。好ましい範囲は、粒度番号で4〜6である。
【0014】
次に請求項2記載の限定理由について述べる。
Cはオーステナイトのマトリックスを軟化し、且つ、B添加により効果的に粒界強度を低減させて冷間加工性を向上させるために低減させる。ここで、結晶粒度を適正化して、Cを0.01%未満にすると粒界強度の低減、すなわち、軟質効果が特に著しくなる。図1は17%Cr―12.6%Ni―0.6%Mn―0.01%N鋼のC,B量と焼鈍後の結晶粒度および引張強さの関係を示したものである。Bを添加した材料では、Cが低く、結晶粒が粗大程、軟質化している。特に、Cが0.01%未満,結晶粒度が7以下の材料で、軟質の効果が著しい。図2に0.007%C−0.8%Mn−12.5%Ni−17.5%Cr−0.02%N鋼のB量と焼鈍後の結晶粒度および引張強さの関係を示す。結晶粒度が8以下、B量が0.001%〜0.01%の範囲で本発明の軟質効果が著しい。そのため、Bによる軟質化効果を最大限に引き出すため、Cを0.01%未満に限定する。しかしながら、工業的に0.001%以下にするのは困難なため、下限を0.001%とする。好ましい範囲は、0.003%以上、0.01%未満である。
その他の元素は、上記請求項1についての記載と同じである。
【0015】
次に請求項3記載の限定理由について述べる。
Oは、Si,Alとともに規定して、Cr−Si―Mn系の2次脱酸生成物の微細分散を抑制することにより結晶粒度を効果的に7以下にし、Bの軟質化効果を明確にするため、0.005%以上添加する。しかしながら、0.02%を超えると脱酸生成物が粗大化し、逆に冷間加工性が劣化する。そのため、上限を0.02%にする。好ましい範囲は、0.006〜0.015%である。
【0016】
Siは、O,Alとともに規定し、2次脱酸生成物を制御してBの軟質化効果を明確にするため、上限を0.3%以下にする。しかしながら、0.05%未満になると脱酸不良となり粗大介在物が生成し、冷間加工性が劣化する。そのため、下限を0.05%にする。好ましい範囲は、0.1〜0.25%以下である。Alは、Si,Oとともに規定し、2次脱酸生成物を制御してBによる軟質化の効果を引き出すため、0.008%以下に限定する。好ましい範囲は、0.005%以下である。
【0017】
次に請求項4記載の限定理由について述べる。
Oは、Alとともに規定して、Al系の2次脱酸生成物を生成させることにより2次脱酸生成物の微細分散を抑制し、且つ、介在物の清浄度を向上させ、結晶粒度を効果的に7以下にすることでBの軟質化効果を明確にする。そのため、上限を0.005%以下とする。好ましい範囲は、0.004%以下である。
【0018】
AlはOとともに規定し、Al系の2次脱酸生成物を制御してBの軟質化効果を明確にするため、0.008%以上添加する。しかしながら、0.1%を超えて添加すると非定常の粗大なAl系脱酸生成物が生成し、冷間加工性を劣化させる。そのため、上限を0.1%に限定した。好ましい範囲は、0.01〜0.06%である。
【0019】
次に請求項5記載の限定理由について述べる。
Cは上記請求項2に関する説明にて記載しているように、0.001以上、0.01%未満でその効果が特に著しくなる。
Cuは、マトリックスの加工硬化を抑制し、B添加およびC低減による粒界強度の低減効果を最大限に引き出すため、0.5%添加する。しかしながら、3.5%を超えて添加すると、Cuの偏析がひどくなり、熱間製造性が劣化する。そのため、上限を3.5%にする。
【0020】
次に請求項6記載の限定理由について述べる。
Moは、製品の耐食性を向上させるため0.2%以上添加する。しかしながら、3.0%を超えて添加すると固溶強化のためBおよび粒径による軟質効果が低減する。そのため、上限を3.0%にする。
【実施例】
以下に本発明の実施例について説明する。
表1に実施例の鋼のベース成分を示す。この鋼をベースにBを添加し、結晶粒度とBの効果を調査した。
【0021】
【表1】

Figure 0004425504
【0022】
鋼A〜Fは、0.7Mn−12.5Ni−17.8Cr−0.2Cuを基本成分として、強度に寄与するC量(%),N量(%)を変化させたものである。
鋼G〜Jは、0.008C−0.2Si−18.3Cr―0.01Nを基本成分として、オーステナイトの安定度に寄与するMn量(%),Ni量(%)を変化させたものである。
鋼K〜Nは、0.008C―0.2Si―12.5Ni―0.2Cuを基本成分として、耐食性に寄与するCr量(%),Mo量(%)を変化させたものである。
鋼O〜Rは、0.007C―0.2Si―10Ni―17.7Cr―0.2Mo―0.01Nを基本成分として、軟質化(冷間加工性)に寄与するCu量(%)を変化させたものである。
鋼S〜Uは、0.007C―0.7Mn―12.7Ni―18.1Cr―0.1Mo―0.2Cu―0.02Nを基本成分として、脱酸生成物に寄与するSi,Al,Oを変化させたものである。
【0023】
これらの成分の鋼は、100kgの真空溶解炉にて溶解して2分注を実施し、片方にBを添加した。その後、鋳片を熱間加工にてΦ9mmの熱間圧延し、その後、1100℃で溶体化処理を行って酸洗を施し、Φ3.9mmまで冷間伸線加工を施した。そして、引き続き、結晶粒径を変化させる目的で、1050〜1150℃でストランド焼鈍を施し、ステンレス鋼線とした。
【0024】
ステンレス鋼線の圧造時の工具寿命は、焼鈍時の強度にほぼ比例するため、引張強さで評価した。引張強さは、JIS Z 2241に従い、引張試験を行い、測定した。
また、オーステナイト粒度は、鋼線縦断面中心を鏡面研磨後、硝酸電解エッチし、JIS G 0551により中心部付近の結晶粒度を測定した。
【0025】
一部のステンレス鋼線は、実際に高冷間加工性(長工具寿命化)の効果を確認するため、蓚酸被膜を施し、Φ3.85mmまで軽伸線を実施し、圧造試験を行った。圧造試験は、プラス十字頭形状に2万本圧造加工し、プラス十字工具先端の工具摩耗量にて評価した。本発明鋼の工具寿命は、ベース鋼に対して優れていた。
【0026】
ストランド焼鈍後の引張強さの評価結果について、本発明のBの軟質化の効果と比較例を表2に示す。
【0027】
【表2】
Figure 0004425504
【0028】
本発明例では、Bの軟質化の効果が明確であり、B添加により20N/mm2以上の軟質化が認められる。
これに対し、比較例No.1では、ストランド焼鈍温度が低く、結晶粒径が小さいため、Bの軟質化の効果が明確でない。
比較例No.2では、B量の添加量が多すぎるため、ボライドが多く析出し、逆に硬質化している。
比較例No.4では、N量が高いため、Bの軟質化の効果が明確でない。
比較例No.5では、Ni量が低いため、Bの軟質化の効果が明確でない。
比較例No.6では、Mn量が高いため、Bの軟質化の効果が明確でない。
比較例No.7,8では、Cr量およびMo量がそれぞれ高いため、Bの軟質化の効果が明確でない。
比較例No.9では、Cu量が高いため、Bの軟質化の効果が確認できるが、表面疵が多発し、工業的に有用でない。
比較例No.10,11では、Si量が高く、且つ、ストランド焼鈍温度が低めであり、結晶粒径が小さいため、Bの軟質化の効果が明確でない。
比較例No.12,13では、ストランド焼鈍温度が高く、結晶粒径が大きすぎるため、Bの軟質化の効果が明確であるが、加工肌荒れの観点から工業的に好ましくない。
【0029】
次に圧造試験時の工具寿命の評価結果について、本発明例と比較例を表3に示す。B添加量,ストランド焼鈍条件およびストランド焼鈍後の特性は表2の同一鋼種と同じである。
【0030】
【表3】
Figure 0004425504
【0031】
本発明例は本発明例では、Bの軟質化の効果により、大幅な工具寿命の向上が認められる。
一方、比較例No.14では、ストランド焼鈍後の結晶粒径が小さく、Bの軟質化の効果が明確でないため、工具寿命の向上が認められない
比較例No.16では、N量が高いため、工具が損傷し、Bの効果は明確でない。
比較例No.17では、Si量が高く、結晶粒径が小さいため、Bの軟質化の効果が明確でなく、工具寿命の向上が認められない。
以上の結果、本発明のBの軟質化の効果の優位性は明らかである。
【0032】
【発明の効果】
以上の各実施例から明らかなように、本発明により軟質なオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼、例えば、冷間加工性および工具寿命に優れた冷間鍛造用ステンレス線材および鋼線を安価に、且つ、安定して提供することが可能であり、産業上、極めて有用である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】17%Cr―12.6%Ni―0.6%Mn―0.01%N鋼のC,B量と焼鈍後の結晶粒度および引張強さの関係
【図2】0.007%C−0.8%Mn−12.5%Ni−17.5%Cr−0.02%N鋼の結晶粒度、B量と引張強さの関係[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to softening of austenitic stainless steel, and relates to, for example, cold workability of stainless steel screws and improvement of tool life during cold working.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Since austenitic stainless steel screws are manufactured by cold working, excellent cold workability and tool life are required.
Conventionally, SUS304, SUS305, SUSXM7, and the like have been used as austenitic stainless materials cold-worked on screws and the like, but they do not necessarily satisfy the recent needs for strong cold workability (long tool life).
Therefore, SUS384 and SUS385 with increased Ni addition amount are used. A softening material in which Mn, Ni and Cu are added to reduce C and N has also been proposed (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 61-190048).
Further, in recent years, it has been proposed to simultaneously add Cu and B to austenitic stainless steel to improve cold forgeability (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-316743).
On the other hand, it has also been proposed to control the inclusions to increase the crystal grain size and improve the cold workability (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-144340).
However, these materials do not necessarily satisfy the needs for strong cold workability (long tool life) and low cost.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a soft austenitic stainless steel excellent in cold workability and tool life at low cost.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of various investigations to solve the above problems, the present inventors have reduced C and N, and added an appropriate amount of B so as to reduce the matrix and grain boundary strength of austenitic stainless steel, The present inventors have found that soft austenitic stainless steel that can greatly improve cold workability and tool life can be obtained at a low cost by a combination of conventional techniques of optimizing crystal grains.
[0005]
That is, the gist of the present invention is as follows.
(1) By mass%, C: 0.001 to less than 0.01%, Si: 0.05 to 1.0%, Mn: 0.1 to 6.0%, Ni: 7.0 to 13.0 %, Cr: 15.0 to 20.0%, N: 0.001 to 0.06%, B: 0.001 to 0.01% , O: 0.02% or less, Al: 0.1% or less It contains, and the balance Fe and unavoidable impurities, is cold workability excellent soft austenitic stainless steel, wherein the grain size is 3 to 8 in grain size number of JIS G 0551.
(2) O: 0.005~0.02%, Si: 0.05~0.3%, Al: above, wherein 0.008% or less (1) Symbol excellent cold workability of the mounting Soft austenitic stainless steel.
(3) O: 0.005% or less, Al: from 0.008 to 0.1% above, wherein the (1) Symbol is an excellent soft austenitic stainless steel cold workability of the mounting.
( 4) The soft austenitic stainless steel having excellent cold workability according to any one of (1) to ( 3 ) above, containing Cu: 0.5 to 3.5%.
( 5 ) The soft austenitic stainless steel having excellent cold workability according to any one of (1) to ( 4 ), characterized by containing Mo: 0.2 to 3.0%.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Below, the reason for limitation of Claim 1 of this invention is described first.
C softens the austenite matrix, and by adding B, the grain boundary strength is effectively reduced to improve the cold workability, so the content is made 0.035% or less. However, since it is difficult to make it 0.001% or less industrially, the lower limit is made 0.001%. Preferably, the effect of the present invention is remarkable at 0.003% or more and less than 0.01%.
[0007]
Si is added in an amount of 0.05% or more for deoxidation, but excessive addition increases strength and degrades cold workability. Therefore, the upper limit is limited to 1.0%. A preferable range is 0.05 to 0.3% as described later.
[0008]
Mn is added to stabilize austenite, suppress work hardening, and improve cold workability. However, making it 0.1% or less is inferior in economic efficiency. Therefore, the lower limit is made 0.1%. On the other hand, if it exceeds 6.0%, not only the corrosion resistance is deteriorated, but also the effect of softening B is not clear due to solid solution strengthening. Therefore, the upper limit is limited to 6.0%. A preferable range is 0.5 to 3.0%.
[0009]
Ni is added in an amount of 7.0% or more to stabilize austenite, suppress work hardening, and clarify the effect of softening by B. However, if it exceeds 13.0%, the economy is inferior. Therefore, the upper limit is made 13.0%. A preferable range is 8.0 to 11.0%.
[0010]
Cr is added at 15.0% or more to ensure corrosion resistance. However, if added over 20.0%, it is not economical, and the effect of softening by B is reduced due to solid solution strengthening. Therefore, the upper limit is made 20.0%. A preferred range is 16.0 to 19.0%.
[0011]
N softens the austenite matrix, and in order to effectively reduce the grain boundary strength and improve cold workability by adding B, the N content is made 0.06% or less. However, since it is difficult to make it 0.001% or less industrially, the lower limit is made 0.001%. A preferred range is 0.003 to 0.03%.
[0012]
Since B segregates at the crystal grain boundaries to reduce the C grain boundary segregation, the grain boundary strength (strength) is reduced and the cold workability is improved. Therefore, 0.001% or more is added. However, if added over 0.01%, the formation of boride is remarkable, conversely becoming hard and cold workability is deteriorated. Therefore, the upper limit is made 0.01%. A preferred range is 0.002 to 0.005%.
[0013]
The crystal grain size is set to 8 or less in the grain size number of JIS G 0551 in order to bring out the B grain boundary strength reducing effect remarkably. However, if the particle size number is less than 3, rough skin occurs during cold working, so the lower limit of the particle size number is set to 3. A preferred range is 4 to 6 in particle size number.
[0014]
Next, the reason for limitation described in claim 2 will be described.
C softens the austenite matrix, and is reduced to improve the cold workability by effectively reducing the grain boundary strength by adding B. Here, when the crystal grain size is optimized and C is less than 0.01%, the grain boundary strength is reduced, that is, the soft effect is particularly remarkable. FIG. 1 shows the relationship between the C and B amount of 17% Cr-12.6% Ni-0.6% Mn-0.01% N steel, the grain size after annealing, and the tensile strength. In the material to which B is added, the lower the C and the coarser the crystal grains, the softer. In particular, the effect of softness is remarkable in a material having C of less than 0.01% and a crystal grain size of 7 or less. FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the B content of 0.007% C-0.8% Mn-12.5% Ni-17.5% Cr-0.02% N steel, grain size after annealing, and tensile strength. . The soft effect of the present invention is remarkable when the crystal grain size is 8 or less and the B content is in the range of 0.001% to 0.01%. Therefore, in order to maximize the softening effect by B, C is limited to less than 0.01%. However, since it is difficult to make it 0.001% or less industrially, the lower limit is made 0.001%. A preferable range is 0.003% or more and less than 0.01%.
The other elements are the same as those described in claim 1 above.
[0015]
Next, the reason for limitation described in claim 3 will be described.
O is specified together with Si and Al to suppress the fine dispersion of the Cr—Si—Mn secondary deoxidation product, thereby effectively reducing the grain size to 7 or less and clarifying the softening effect of B. Therefore, 0.005% or more is added. However, if it exceeds 0.02%, the deoxidized product becomes coarse, and conversely, the cold workability deteriorates. Therefore, the upper limit is made 0.02%. A preferable range is 0.006 to 0.015%.
[0016]
Si is specified together with O and Al, and in order to clarify the softening effect of B by controlling the secondary deoxidation product, the upper limit is made 0.3% or less. However, if it is less than 0.05%, deoxidation is poor and coarse inclusions are generated, and cold workability deteriorates. Therefore, the lower limit is made 0.05%. A preferable range is 0.1 to 0.25% or less. Al is specified together with Si and O, and is limited to 0.008% or less in order to control the secondary deoxidation product to bring out the softening effect by B. A preferred range is 0.005% or less.
[0017]
Next, the reason for limitation described in claim 4 will be described.
O is specified together with Al to suppress the fine dispersion of the secondary deoxidation product by generating an Al-based secondary deoxidation product, and to improve the cleanliness of inclusions, and to improve the crystal grain size. The effect of softening B is clarified by effectively setting it to 7 or less. Therefore, the upper limit is made 0.005% or less. A preferred range is 0.004% or less.
[0018]
Al is specified together with O, and is added in an amount of 0.008% or more in order to control the Al-based secondary deoxidation product and clarify the softening effect of B. However, if added over 0.1%, an unsteady coarse Al-based deoxidation product is formed, and cold workability is deteriorated. Therefore, the upper limit is limited to 0.1%. A preferable range is 0.01 to 0.06%.
[0019]
Next, the reason for limitation described in claim 5 will be described.
As described in the explanation relating to the second aspect, the effect is particularly remarkable when C is 0.001 or more and less than 0.01%.
Cu is added in an amount of 0.5% in order to suppress the work hardening of the matrix and to maximize the effect of reducing the grain boundary strength by adding B and reducing C. However, if added over 3.5%, Cu segregation becomes severe and hot manufacturability deteriorates. Therefore, the upper limit is made 3.5%.
[0020]
Next, the reason for limitation described in claim 6 will be described.
Mo is added in an amount of 0.2% or more in order to improve the corrosion resistance of the product. However, if added over 3.0%, the soft effect due to B and particle size is reduced due to solid solution strengthening. Therefore, the upper limit is made 3.0%.
【Example】
Examples of the present invention will be described below.
Table 1 shows the base components of the steels of the examples. B was added to this steel as a base, and the grain size and the effect of B were investigated.
[0021]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004425504
[0022]
Steels A to F have 0.7M-12.5Ni-17.8Cr-0.2Cu as a basic component, and vary C amount (%) and N amount (%) contributing to strength.
Steels G to J have 0.008C-0.2Si-18.3Cr-0.01N as a basic component, and the amounts of Mn (%) and Ni (%) contributing to the stability of austenite are changed. is there.
Steels K to N have 0.008C-0.2Si-12.5Ni-0.2Cu as a basic component, and the Cr amount (%) and Mo amount (%) contributing to corrosion resistance are changed.
Steels O to R have 0.007C-0.2Si-10Ni-17.7Cr-0.2Mo-0.01N as a basic component and change the amount of Cu (%) contributing to softening (cold workability). It has been made.
Steels S to U are composed of 0.007C-0.7Mn-12.7Ni-18.1Cr-0.1Mo-0.2Cu-0.02N as basic components and contribute to deoxidation products. Is a change.
[0023]
The steels of these components were melted in a 100 kg vacuum melting furnace and dispensed into 2 portions, and B was added to one side. Thereafter, the slab was hot-rolled to Φ9 mm by hot working, and then subjected to solution treatment at 1100 ° C., pickling, and cold-drawing to Φ3.9 mm. Then, for the purpose of changing the crystal grain size, strand annealing was performed at 1050 to 1150 ° C. to obtain a stainless steel wire.
[0024]
Since the tool life during forging of stainless steel wire is almost proportional to the strength during annealing, it was evaluated by tensile strength. The tensile strength was measured by performing a tensile test according to JIS Z 2241.
As for the austenite grain size, the center of the steel wire longitudinal section was mirror-polished and then subjected to nitric acid electrolytic etching, and the grain size near the center was measured according to JIS G 0551.
[0025]
In order to confirm the effect of high cold workability (longer tool life), some stainless steel wires were actually coated with oxalic acid coating, lightly drawn to Φ3.85 mm, and subjected to a forging test. In the forging test, 20,000 pieces were forged into a plus cross head shape, and the amount of tool wear at the tip of the plus cross tool was evaluated. The tool life of the inventive steel was superior to the base steel.
[0026]
About the evaluation result of the tensile strength after strand annealing, the softening effect of B of the present invention and a comparative example are shown in Table 2.
[0027]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004425504
[0028]
In the example of the present invention, the effect of softening B is clear, and softening of 20 N / mm 2 or more is recognized by adding B.
In contrast, Comparative Example No. In No. 1, since the strand annealing temperature is low and the crystal grain size is small, the effect of softening B is not clear.
Comparative Example No. In No. 2, since the addition amount of B amount is too much, a lot of boride is precipitated and hardened.
Comparative Example No. In 4, fried N amount is high, is not clear effect of softening the B.
Comparative Example No. In No. 5, since the amount of Ni is low, the effect of softening B is not clear.
Comparative Example No. In No. 6, since the amount of Mn is high, the effect of softening B is not clear.
Comparative Example No. In Nos. 7 and 8, since the Cr amount and the Mo amount are high, the effect of softening B is not clear.
Comparative Example No. In No. 9, since the amount of Cu is high, the effect of softening B can be confirmed, but surface flaws occur frequently and are not industrially useful.
Comparative Example No. In 10 and 11, since the Si amount is high, the strand annealing temperature is low, and the crystal grain size is small, the effect of softening B is not clear.
Comparative Example No. 12 and 13, since the strand annealing temperature is high and the crystal grain size is too large, the effect of softening B is clear, but it is not industrially preferable from the viewpoint of rough processing.
[0029]
Next, Table 3 shows an example of the present invention and a comparative example of the evaluation results of the tool life during the forging test. The amount of B added, strand annealing conditions, and properties after strand annealing are the same as those of the same steel types shown in Table 2.
[0030]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004425504
[0031]
In the present invention example, a significant improvement in tool life is recognized due to the effect of softening B.
On the other hand, Comparative Example No. In No. 14, since the crystal grain size after strand annealing is small and the effect of softening B is not clear, the improvement of the tool life is not recognized .
Comparative Example No. In No. 16, since the amount of N is high, the tool is damaged, and the effect of B is not clear.
Comparative Example No. In No. 17, since the amount of Si is high and the crystal grain size is small, the effect of softening B is not clear and no improvement in tool life is observed.
As a result, the superiority of the softening effect of B of the present invention is clear.
[0032]
【The invention's effect】
As is clear from each of the above examples, the soft austenitic stainless steel according to the present invention, for example, a stainless steel wire for cold forging and a steel wire excellent in cold workability and tool life, is inexpensive and stable. This is extremely useful industrially.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 Relationship between C and B amount of 17% Cr-12.6% Ni-0.6% Mn-0.01% N steel and grain size and tensile strength after annealing. Relationship between grain size, B content and tensile strength of% C-0.8% Mn-12.5% Ni-17.5% Cr-0.02% N steel

Claims (5)

質量%で、C:0.001〜0.01%未満,Si:0.05〜1.0%,Mn:0.1〜6.0%,Ni:7.0〜13.0%,Cr:15.0〜20.0%,N:0.001〜0.06%,B:0.001〜0.01%、O:0.02%以下、Al:0.1%以下を含有し、残部Fe及び不可避不純物からなり、結晶粒度がJIS G 0551の粒度番号で3〜8であることを特徴とする冷間加工性に優れた軟質オーステナイトステンレス鋼。By mass%, C: 0.001 to less than 0.01%, Si: 0.05 to 1.0%, Mn: 0.1 to 6.0%, Ni: 7.0 to 13.0%, Cr : 15.0 to 20.0%, N: 0.001 to 0.06%, B: 0.001 to 0.01% , O: 0.02% or less, Al: 0.1% or less , the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities, grain size cold workability excellent soft austenitic stainless steel, which is a 3 to 8 in grain size number of JIS G 0551. O:0.005〜0.02%,Si:0.05〜0.3%,Al:0.008%以下を特徴とする請求項記載の冷間加工性に優れた軟質オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼。O: 0.005~0.02%, Si: 0.05~0.3 %, Al: cold according to claim 1, wherein 0.008% or less excellent formability soft austenitic stainless steel . O:0.005%以下,Al:0.008〜0.1%を特徴とする請求項記載の冷間加工性に優れた軟質オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼。O: 0.005% or less, Al: from .008 to .1 cold of% claim 1, wherein the formability excellent soft austenitic stainless steel. u:0.5〜3.5%を含有することを特徴とする請求項1〜記載のいずれかの冷間加工性に優れた軟質オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼。 C u: 0.5 to 3.5% a characterized in that it contains claim 1-3 either cold workability excellent soft austenitic stainless steel according. Mo:0.2〜3.0%を含有することを特徴とする請求項1〜記載のいずれかの冷間加工性に優れた軟質オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼。Mo: 0.2 to 3.0% a characterized in that it contains claim 1-4 either cold workability excellent soft austenitic stainless steel according.
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