JP4428804B2

JP4428804B2 - Purification device

Info

Publication number: JP4428804B2
Application number: JP2000118650A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 孝昭前川; 和男藤田
Original assignee: Japan Science and Technology Agency; National Institute of Japan Science and Technology Agency
Current assignee: Japan Science and Technology Agency; National Institute of Japan Science and Technology Agency
Priority date: 1999-04-19
Filing date: 2000-04-19
Publication date: 2010-03-10
Anticipated expiration: 2020-04-19
Also published as: JP2001000979A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この出願の発明は、流水の浄化装置に関するものである。さらに詳しくは、この出願の発明は、河川流水の富栄養化の原因物質である窒素やリンの除去等に有用な、河川の水質汚濁物質の酸化分解による浄化装置に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術とその課題】
従来、河川の水質汚濁物質の浄化に関しては、河川内を微生物の棲息する膜が自然に発達する生物膜による接触酸化方が開発され応用されているが、この方法は主として廃水に含まれる炭素源の浄化に適しているが、富栄養化の原因物質である窒素やリンの除去には適していない。
【０００３】
このため、従来技術では、富栄養化防止のためには炭素源以外の窒素やリンの分解除去が必要で、必ずしもこれらの生物膜処理法は十分でなく、また、生物膜をさらに強化した栄養塩包括固定法による硝化・脱窒やＭｇ塩を用いたリン酸アンモニア結晶法の応用などを検討されているが、河川でアンモニアを除去する場合には窒素の除去率が６０％を越えないこと、Ｃ／Ｎ比の範囲によって十分な除去率が確保できないこと、アンモニア態窒素の硝化には硝化菌の反応速度が低いために、河川の流れの中で十分溶存酸素を確保しても硝化が進行しないなどの大きな欠点がある。従って、窒素やリン除去率を９０％以上に高める手段が是非とも必要になってきている。
【０００４】
そこで、この出願の発明は、以上のとおりの従来技術の問題点を解消し、河川等の流水中の窒素やリン等の水質汚濁物質を効果的に除去することのできる新しい浄化装置を提供することを課題としている。
【０００５】
【課題を解決するための手段】
この出願の発明は、上記の課題を解決するものとして、流水床に負極板を、また、この負極と対向して上面に正極板を配置した流水の浄化装置であって、正極板の流水流れ方向の前後および左右の少くともいずれかには浮子が配置されて正極板が流水水面下に沈むようにされており、正極板には負極への対向上面位置への配置手段が配設されており、正極板と負極板とには電場発生機構が備えられて、高電場パルス発生により流水中に含まれる水質汚濁物質が酸化分解されるようにしたことを特徴とする流水の浄化装置を提供する。
【０００６】
【発明の実施の形態】
上記のこの出願の発明は、高電場パルス発生によって発生する酸化力の強いＯ−ラジカル（酸素ラジカル）やＯＨ−ラジカル（ヒドロキシラジカル）をナノ秒〜マイクロ秒の間で金属面で発生させ、これに衝突する汚濁水の炭素源、窒素源を主として酸化させ、この時に発生するＨ⁺イオンの浮遊性懸濁物質への帯電に伴う粒子の凝集反応でリンを凝集沈降分離することで、従来技術で達成できなかった９０〜９５％の汚染物質の除去を１パスの操作で達成することをもって問題の解決を図ろうとしている。
【０００７】
そして、具体的な実施の形態においては、浄化装置の構造とともに、流水の水位と流量が非常に変動するので、これに対応するために投入電力量を水の流量、ＳＳの濃度によって適宜最適な電力量になるように自動的に制御し、汚濁物質の除去率を一定に保持する必要があることが考慮される。例えば、水河川の流水は１日のうちの時間的変動が大きく、最小時と最大時の比は１：１０〜２０に達するので、流量の大きさは通過速度に比例することになり、これを追尾した電力を投入するために、流速、浮遊性懸濁物の濃度、水深に対し、最適で最小の電力の投入量を調整する制御装置の付設が必要である。また、洪水など緊急時には本装置が流水中で障害にならないように退避することも設備されねばならない。
【０００８】
そこでまず、この発明の浄化装置の構造においては、限定的ではないが、以下の形態が適当なものとして、考慮される。
＜１＞正極板には、その上下可動のための手段が設けられる。
＜２＞ガス補集手段（酸化分解によって発生するガスを捕集する）が設けられる。
＜３＞正極板は、金属（合金を含む。以下同様である。）および金属酸化物のうちの少くとも１種の正極物質を有している。
＜４＞正極板は、たとえば、金属、セラミックス、樹脂またはそれらの２種以上の複合体である基板と正極物質とにより構成される。
＜５＞正極物質は、たとえば、酸化チタン、酸化ルテニウム、酸化コバルト、酸化ニッケル、酸化スズ、および白金のうちの少くとも１種である。
＜６＞より具体的な例では、正極板では、多孔質のチタン、多孔質のセラミックスまたはステンレスの板に、酸化チタン、酸化ルテニウム、酸化コバルト、酸化ニッケル、酸化スズおよび白金のうちの少くとも１種が一体化されている。
＜７＞正極板は、水面からの沈み込み深さが、水深の１／５〜１／１０とされている。
【０００９】
高電場パルス発生によって流水中に含まれる水質汚濁物質が酸化分解されるようにしたこの出願の発明においては、高電場パルスの発生とこれによる前記ラジカルの作用を効果的なものとするために、正極板をどのように構成するかは実施上の大変に重要な点である。より好適には、この発明においては、正極物質として金属酸化物あるいは貴金属を用いる。前記のとおりの酸化チタン、酸化ルテニウム、酸化コバルト、酸化ニッケル、酸化スズという金属酸化物、あるいは白金が効果的である。
【００１０】
これらの正極物質は、金属酸化物の場合には、それらの粒子を圧粉体とし、これを焼成、あるいは焼結して成形したものでもよいし、適宜な基板にこれらの物質やその粒子を担持させるようにしたものでもよい。この際の担持のための基板としては、耐食性の良好な、たとえば多孔質のチタンや多孔質のセラミックス、あるいはステンレス板等であってよく、これら正極物質が膜状に正極面部を構成するのが好ましい。基板そのものを導電性としてもよいし、これら膜状の正極物質が導電性を有するものとしてもよい。
【００１１】
基板に対しては金属酸化物は溶着や蒸留等による付着一体化、あるいはゾル溶液の塗布による焼結等の手段で一体化してもよい。
【００１２】
白金の場合には、表面メッキしてもよいし、あるいは白金箔を付着させて用いてもよい。
【００１３】
なお、負極は、耐食性の良好な金属あるいは表面金属被覆したものであれば各種であってよい。たとえばステンレス板や白金箔被覆した金属板が例示される。
【００１４】
正極板は、上下可動手段により水面から沈み込むようにするのが実際的であり、また、正極板には、その近傍に、酸化分解により発生するガスの捕集手段を設けるのが望ましい。
【００１５】
また、正極板は、負極に対向する凹状曲面を有していることが、高電圧パルスの発生や分解ガスの捕集の点において、この発明においては好ましい。
【００１６】
具体的に例示説明すると、たとえばこの発明の酸化分解による浄化装置では、ステンレス板または白金箔を配設した金属板を負極とし、これらの金属板と面平行に上面に酸化チタン、酸化ルテニウム、酸化コバルト、酸化ニッケル、酸化スズ、もしくは白金箔を電導性の多孔質なチタンまたはステンレスのダイカスト板等に溶着等により付着させ、かつこの面が負極板に対し凹状態の緩やかなカーブを描いたものを正極板とし、その流れ前後に浮子がつき、水深の１／５〜１／１０の正極が沈む構造を持ち、この浮子は正極板の四隅部において上下に可動できる構造を持つものとする。また、分解により発生したガスが逃げないようにシールし、ガス溜めを設け、発生ガスを捕集できるようにする。
【００１７】
そして、この発明の浄化装置では、高電場パルス波によって水流が乱流状態で、酸化電極面（正極板）に衝突し、汚染物の酸化反応が少なくとも２〜３秒継続するようにするのが好ましい。また前記のとおり、酸化分解により発生したガスが空中に放出するのを防止することが望ましい。酸化反応は物理化学的反応で発生するのでＮ源に関してはＮ₂、ＮＯ_X、Ｓ源に関してはＳＯ_XやＨ₂Ｓの有害ガスが発生し、Ｃ源はＣＯ₂ガスが大部分発生し、ＣＯガスはわずかに発生する。これらの中間生成物は水素等によって還元処理することが望ましい。これらのための処理手段、処理装置もこの出願の発明において提案される。
【００１８】
そこで、次に、図面に沿って、さらにこの出願の発明の実施の形態について例示説明する。まず、図１はこの発明の浄化装置の構成の主要部を示した横断面図（ａ）と正断面図（ｂ）である。正極板は、たとえばチタン等の電導性多孔質金属（Ａ）を基板とし、これに酸化チタン、酸化ルテニウム、酸化コバルト、酸化ニッケル、酸化スズ等の酸化物や白金からなる酸化電極または白金電極（Ｂ）を一体化したものとして構成されている。これらの電極（Ｂ）は流水の流れ方向（α）に直交して複数配置されている。
【００１９】
以上のような正極板は、流れ方向（α）において前後に配置された空気溜めの浮力を利用した空気浮（浮子）（Ｆ）によって浮上し、可動リュウズ（ｈ）によって上下動するようになっている。
【００２０】
可動リュウズ（ｈ）は、差動トランス（Ｉ）によってその位置が検出されるようにしている。
【００２１】
そして、この図１の例では、正極板を構成する基板としての多孔性金属（Ａ）の背面にガスシールのための手段としてシール板（Ｄ）を配設一体化し、正極板の下流側にガス溜（Ｃ）を装着し、電極（Ｂ）の表面で発生したガスが、直接的に、あるいは多孔性金属（Ａ）に入り込み、次いで、ガス溜（Ｃ）に回収され、ガス収集ポンプ（Ｐ）によって排出される構造となっている。図１（ｂ）に示されているように、電極（Ｂ）の断面は凹型として発生ガスの捕集を容易にしている。また、乱流を維持するため負極板（Ｅ）の表面に乱流発生板（Ｇ）を置き、乱流の発生を容易にし酸化分解効率を高めるようにしている。
【００２２】
そして、上下可動手段としての可動リュウズ（ｈ）に設けた差動トランスにより、正極板と負極板の両間電圧を２００Ｖ／ｃｍ〜１０ＫＶ／ｃｍの間で変動させるようにし、また、流れの前方には濃度検出器としての濁度計（Ｔｕ）を設け、この濃度に応じて電流値を１〜１００ｍＡの間で変動させる。また、流速計（Ｖ）を同様に設置し、流速から周波数を１０ｋＨｚから１５０ｋＨｚの間で変動させる。このような自動制御機構によって、水質汚濁の負荷量に応じた酸化分解がより効果的に実施されることになる。自動制御機構についてはさらに例示することができる。
【００２３】
たとえば図２のように、差動トランス（Ｉ）によって正負の位置を検出し、さらに流速計（Ｖ）にて流量を、濁度計（Ｔｕ）によってＳＳ量を検出し、制御装置（ＣＰＵ）および電場発生装置（ＰＡ）を用い、これをデジタル制御によって常に最適な電場処理として電圧、周波数、パルスタイミング、デューテイ比の制御が実施できるようにする。
【００２４】
たとえば以上のようなこの発明の例においては、図１（ｂ）および図２（ｂ）にも示したように、浄化装置は、コンクリート等の側壁（β）の幅内に配置している。このように配置することが実際上望ましいのである。
【００２５】
そして、この発明の酸化分解浄化装置では、図１および図２のように、負極板（Ｅ）上に金属製の突起からなる乱流発生板（Ｇ）の複数を、その高さが極板間の高さの１０〜１５％を限界として水流が乱流を形成する構造としたものが好適なものとして示される。
【００２６】
突起の後方角度は２０〜４０度程度とすることが、また水流の流れ方向に２〜１０個程度配置することが考慮される。
【００２７】
また、河川では懸濁物、砂、砂利の装置への侵入が考えられること、ＳＳ濃度が高い事による電極面の劣化の防止のため、図３のように、ブラシや水噴射によって電極面の清掃を定期的に自動制御で実施するのが好ましい。また洪水時は計画水量より流出が大きくなるので、正の電極を水中から引き上げパルス波の負荷を即時停止する装備を施すことも有効である。
【００２８】
さらにまた、ＮＯ_X、ＳＯ_X、Ｈ₂Ｓ等の有毒ガスの分解には水の電気分解により発生させた水素や、図４のようにＨ₂ボンベ（Ｂ）で供給した水素をガス混合装置（Ｃ）で混合させ触媒（ｄ）で還元し有毒ガスの発生の防止を図ることができる。
【００２９】
洪水時の対策として図１に示すとおり設定水位より上部に浮上した時、直ちにこの電極は電動モーターによって水面以上に持ち上げ、装置の保全を図るようにするのが望ましい。
【００３０】
そして、また、たとえば高電磁処理によってＳＳは沈澱するが下流側にポンプによるバイパス方式又は直接方式で沈澱槽を設け重力沈澱させ、上澄を元の河川に戻す（図５）ことによって、汚濁水中のリンとＳＳが８０〜９０％除去できる。
【００３１】
そこで、以下に、さらに詳しくこの出願の発明について実施例として説明する。
【００３２】
【実施例】
＜実施例１＞
０．５×０．５×０．５ｍのＵ字溝において約２００世帯の家庭排水の流量１〜２０Ｌ／分の側溝を図２および図４に例示したこの発明の装置で処理した。原水と処理水水質は表１に示すとおりである。
【００３３】
【表１】

【００３４】
操作条件は表２に示すとおりである。
【００３５】
【表２】

【００３６】
又、発生ガスの濃度は表３の通りであり、水素添加によるニッケル、銅による触媒処理した後のガスは有害ガスが減少し痕跡程度であった。
【００３７】
【表３】

【００３８】
＜実施例２＞
筑波市内の生活排水を処理した。正極板としては、３０％の空隙をもつ多孔質セラミックスの表面にＴｉＯ₂粒子ゾルを厚さ２〜３ｍｍとなるように部分塗布し、乾燥後、５００〜６００℃で焼結し、塗布部が電極面となるようにしたものを用いた。
【００３９】
分解により発生するガスは、大気へ抜けるようにしてその後捕集した。
【００４０】
１１月〜１２月の２ヶ月間の処理の結果を表４に示した。
【００４１】
【表４】

【００４２】
ＴｉＯ₂に代えて、酸化ルテニウム、酸化コバルト、酸化ニッケル、酸化スズを用いた場合にもほぼ同様の結果が得られた。
【００４３】
【発明の効果】
以上詳しく説明したとおり、この出願の発明は、従来困難であった窒素・リン等の水質汚濁物質の効果的な除去が可能となり、河川等の流れの浄化が高効率に実施可能とされる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】この発明の浄化装置の構成を例示した側断面図と正断面図である。
【図２】電場制御の機構を備えた例を示した側断面図と正断面図である。
【図３】クリーナ機構を備えた例を示した側断面図である。
【図４】ガス触媒酸化装置を備えた例を示した構成図である。
【図５】沈澱物の捕集装置を備えた例を示した構成図である。
【符号の説明】
Ａ：電導性多孔性金属
Ｂ：酸化電極、白金電極
Ｃ：ガス溜め
Ｄ：シール板
Ｅ：負電極
Ｆ：空気浮（浮子）
Ｇ：乱流発生板
ｈ：可動リュウズ
ｌ：差動トラス
Ｐ：ガス収集ポンプ
Ｖ：流速計
Ｔｕ：濁度計
ＣＰＵ：制御装置
ＰＡ：電場発生装置[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention of this application relates to an apparatus for purifying running water. More specifically, the invention of this application relates to a purification device by oxidative decomposition of water pollutants in rivers, which is useful for removing nitrogen and phosphorus, which are substances causing eutrophication of river water.
[0002]
[Prior art and its problems]
Conventionally, for the purification of water pollutants in rivers, a catalytic oxidation method using biofilms has been developed and applied, in which the membranes inhabiting microorganisms naturally develop in the rivers. This method is mainly used as a carbon source contained in wastewater. Although it is suitable for purification of nitrogen, it is not suitable for removing nitrogen and phosphorus, which are eutrophication-causing substances.
[0003]
For this reason, in the prior art, it is necessary to decompose and remove nitrogen and phosphorus other than the carbon source in order to prevent eutrophication, and these biofilm treatment methods are not necessarily sufficient, and the nutrients further strengthen the biofilm. The application of the nitrification / denitrification by the salt-inclusive fixation method and the ammonium phosphate crystallization method using Mg salt is being studied, but when removing ammonia in a river, the nitrogen removal rate should not exceed 60%. Because of the C / N ratio range, a sufficient removal rate cannot be ensured, and the nitrification rate of ammonia nitrogen is low, so the nitrification rate is low. There are major drawbacks such as not progressing. Therefore, means for increasing the nitrogen and phosphorus removal rate to 90% or more is indispensable.
[0004]
Therefore, the invention of this application solves the problems of the prior art as described above, and provides a new purification device that can effectively remove water pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus in running water such as rivers. It is an issue.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The invention of this application is an apparatus for purifying flowing water in which a negative electrode plate is disposed on a flowing water bed and a positive electrode plate is disposed on an upper surface opposite to the negative electrode in order to solve the above-described problem. Floats are placed on at least one of the front and rear and left and right of the direction so that the positive electrode plate sinks below the running water surface, and the positive electrode plate is provided with arrangement means for the upper surface facing the negative electrode. An apparatus for purifying flowing water is provided, wherein the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate are provided with an electric field generating mechanism, and water pollutants contained in flowing water are oxidized and decomposed by generation of a high electric field pulse. .
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention of this application described above generates O-radicals (oxygen radicals) and OH-radicals (hydroxy radicals) generated by high electric field pulse generation on the metal surface between nanoseconds and microseconds. By oxidizing mainly the carbon source and nitrogen source of polluted water that collides with water, and aggregating and separating the phosphorus by the agglomeration reaction of particles accompanying the charging of suspended H ⁺ ions generated at this time, In order to solve the problem, the removal of 90 to 95% of the contaminants that could not be achieved by the above method is achieved by one pass operation.
[0007]
In a specific embodiment, the water level and flow rate of running water vary greatly with the structure of the purification device. Therefore, in order to cope with this, the input power amount is appropriately optimized depending on the water flow rate and SS concentration. It is considered that it is necessary to automatically control the amount of electric power so as to keep the removal rate of pollutants constant. For example, the flow of water in a river has a large temporal fluctuation in one day, and the ratio between the minimum time and the maximum time reaches 1:10 to 20, so the magnitude of the flow rate is proportional to the passing speed. Therefore, it is necessary to install a control device that adjusts the optimum input amount of power for the flow velocity, the concentration of suspended suspension, and the water depth. Also, in case of an emergency such as a flood, the apparatus must be installed so that it does not become an obstacle in running water.
[0008]
Therefore, first, in the structure of the purification apparatus of the present invention, the following embodiments are considered as appropriate, although not limited thereto.
<1> The positive electrode plate is provided with means for moving up and down.
<2> Gas collecting means (capturing gas generated by oxidative decomposition) is provided.
<3> The positive electrode plate has at least one positive electrode material of metal (including an alloy; the same shall apply hereinafter) and metal oxide.
<4> The positive electrode plate is made of, for example, a substrate that is a metal, ceramics, resin, or a composite of two or more thereof and a positive electrode material.
<5> The positive electrode material is, for example, at least one of titanium oxide, ruthenium oxide, cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, tin oxide, and platinum.
<6> In a more specific example, in the positive electrode plate, at least one of titanium oxide, ruthenium oxide, cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, tin oxide and platinum is formed on a porous titanium, porous ceramic or stainless steel plate. One type is integrated.
<7> The positive electrode plate has a sinking depth from the water surface of 1/5 to 1/10 of the water depth.
[0009]
In the invention of this application in which water pollutants contained in running water are oxidatively decomposed by the generation of high electric field pulses, in order to make the generation of high electric field pulses and the action of the radicals thereby effective, How to configure the positive electrode plate is a very important point in implementation. More preferably, in the present invention, a metal oxide or a noble metal is used as the positive electrode material. Metal oxides such as titanium oxide, ruthenium oxide, cobalt oxide, nickel oxide and tin oxide as described above, or platinum are effective.
[0010]
In the case of metal oxides, these positive electrode materials may be formed by forming these particles into green compacts, firing or sintering them, and placing these materials and their particles on an appropriate substrate. It may be supported. The substrate for supporting at this time may be, for example, porous titanium, porous ceramics, or a stainless steel plate having good corrosion resistance, and these positive electrode materials constitute the positive electrode surface portion in the form of a film. preferable. The substrate itself may be conductive, or these film-like positive electrode materials may be conductive.
[0011]
The metal oxide may be integrated with the substrate by means such as adhesion integration by welding or distillation, or sintering by application of a sol solution.
[0012]
In the case of platinum, surface plating may be used, or a platinum foil may be attached.
[0013]
The negative electrode may be of various types as long as it is a metal with good corrosion resistance or a surface metal coated. For example, a stainless steel plate or a metal plate covered with platinum foil is exemplified.
[0014]
It is practical that the positive electrode plate sinks from the water surface by means of vertically movable means, and it is desirable to provide a means for collecting gas generated by oxidative decomposition in the vicinity of the positive electrode plate.
[0015]
Moreover, it is preferable in this invention that the positive electrode plate has a concave curved surface facing the negative electrode in terms of generating high voltage pulses and collecting decomposition gas.
[0016]
Specifically, for example, in the purification apparatus by oxidative decomposition of the present invention, a metal plate provided with a stainless steel plate or a platinum foil is used as a negative electrode, and titanium oxide, ruthenium oxide, and oxidation are formed on the upper surface parallel to these metal plates. Cobalt, nickel oxide, tin oxide, or platinum foil attached to conductive porous titanium or stainless steel die-cast plate, etc. by welding, etc., and this surface has a concave curve with respect to the negative electrode plate The positive electrode plate has a structure in which a float is attached before and after the flow, and the positive electrode having a depth of 1/5 to 1/10 of the water sinks. The float has a structure that can move up and down at the four corners of the positive electrode plate. Further, the gas generated by the decomposition is sealed so as not to escape, and a gas reservoir is provided so that the generated gas can be collected.
[0017]
And in the purification apparatus of this invention, it is made for water flow to collide with an oxidation electrode surface (positive electrode plate) by a high electric field pulse wave, and to make the oxidation reaction of a contaminant continue for at least 2-3 seconds. preferable. Further, as described above, it is desirable to prevent the gas generated by oxidative decomposition from being released into the air. Oxidation occurs as a physicochemical reaction, so N ₂ , NO _x , and S source generate toxic gases such as SO _x and H ₂ S, and C source generates mostly CO ₂ gas. CO gas is slightly generated. These intermediate products are preferably reduced with hydrogen or the like. Processing means and a processing apparatus for these are also proposed in the invention of this application.
[0018]
Then, next, an embodiment of the invention of this application will be described with reference to the drawings. First, FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view (a) and a front cross-sectional view (b) showing the main part of the configuration of the purification apparatus of the present invention. The positive electrode plate is made of a conductive porous metal (A) such as titanium, for example, and an oxide electrode or a platinum electrode made of an oxide such as titanium oxide, ruthenium oxide, cobalt oxide, nickel oxide or tin oxide or platinum ( B) is integrated. A plurality of these electrodes (B) are arranged orthogonal to the flow direction (α) of running water.
[0019]
The positive electrode plate as described above is levitated by an air float (floating element) (F) that uses the buoyancy of an air reservoir disposed at the front and rear in the flow direction (α), and is moved up and down by a movable crown (h). ing.
[0020]
The position of the movable crown (h) is detected by the differential transformer (I).
[0021]
In the example of FIG. 1, a sealing plate (D) is disposed and integrated as a means for gas sealing on the back surface of the porous metal (A) as a substrate constituting the positive electrode plate, and is disposed downstream of the positive electrode plate. The gas reservoir (C) is attached, and the gas generated on the surface of the electrode (B) directly or enters the porous metal (A), and then recovered in the gas reservoir (C), and the gas collecting pump ( P) is discharged. As shown in FIG. 1B, the cross section of the electrode (B) is concave to facilitate the collection of the generated gas. In order to maintain turbulent flow, a turbulent flow generating plate (G) is placed on the surface of the negative electrode plate (E) to facilitate the generation of turbulent flow and increase the oxidative decomposition efficiency.
[0022]
The voltage between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate is varied between 200 V / cm to 10 KV / cm by a differential transformer provided on the movable crown (h) as the vertically movable means, and the front of the flow Is provided with a turbidimeter (Tu) as a concentration detector, and the current value is varied between 1 and 100 mA according to this concentration. In addition, the flow velocity meter (V) is similarly installed, and the frequency is changed between 10 kHz and 150 kHz from the flow velocity. By such an automatic control mechanism, oxidative decomposition according to the load amount of water pollution is more effectively carried out. The automatic control mechanism can be further exemplified.
[0023]
For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the positive / negative position is detected by the differential transformer (I), the flow rate is detected by the velocimeter (V), the SS amount is detected by the turbidimeter (Tu), and the control device (CPU). In addition, an electric field generator (PA) is used, and voltage, frequency, pulse timing, and duty ratio can be controlled by digital control as an optimum electric field process.
[0024]
For example, in the example of the present invention as described above, as shown in FIGS. 1B and 2B, the purification device is disposed within the width of the side wall (β) such as concrete. This arrangement is practically desirable.
[0025]
In the oxidative decomposition purification apparatus of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, a plurality of turbulent flow generation plates (G) made of metal protrusions are arranged on the negative electrode plate (E) and the height thereof is an electrode plate. A structure in which the water flow forms a turbulent flow with a limit of 10 to 15% of the height in between is shown as a preferable one.
[0026]
It is considered that the rear angle of the protrusion is about 20 to 40 degrees and that about 2 to 10 are arranged in the flow direction of the water flow.
[0027]
In addition, in rivers, suspensions, sand, and gravel can be considered to enter the device, and the electrode surface can be prevented by brushing or water jetting as shown in FIG. 3 to prevent deterioration of the electrode surface due to high SS concentration. It is preferable to carry out the cleaning periodically and automatically. In addition, since the outflow is larger than the planned water volume during floods, it is also effective to install equipment that pulls up the positive electrode from the water and immediately stops the pulse wave load.
[0028]
Furthermore, for the decomposition of toxic gases such as NO _x , SO _x , H ₂ S, etc., a gas mixing device uses hydrogen generated by electrolysis of water or hydrogen supplied by an H ₂ cylinder (B) as shown in FIG. It can be mixed in (C) and reduced with the catalyst (d) to prevent generation of toxic gas.
[0029]
As a countermeasure against flooding, it is desirable that when the surface rises above the set water level as shown in FIG. 1, the electrode is immediately lifted above the water surface by an electric motor to maintain the device.
[0030]
And, for example, SS is precipitated by high electromagnetic treatment, but a sedimentation tank is provided on the downstream side by a bypass method using a pump or a direct method to cause gravity sedimentation, and the supernatant is returned to the original river (FIG. 5), so that 80 to 90% of phosphorus and SS can be removed.
[0031]
Therefore, the invention of this application will be described below in more detail as examples.
[0032]
【Example】
<Example 1>
In the U-shaped groove of 0.5 × 0.5 × 0.5 m, a gutter of about 200 household household wastewater flow rate of 1 to 20 L / min was treated with the apparatus of the present invention illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 4. Table 1 shows the quality of raw water and treated water.
[0033]
[Table 1]

[0034]
The operating conditions are as shown in Table 2.
[0035]
[Table 2]

[0036]
Further, the concentration of the generated gas is as shown in Table 3. The gas after the catalyst treatment with nickel and copper by hydrogenation was traced due to the reduction of harmful gases.
[0037]
[Table 3]

[0038]
<Example 2>
We treated domestic wastewater in Tsukuba city. As the positive electrode plate, a TiO ₂ particle sol is partially coated on the surface of a porous ceramic having 30% voids to a thickness of 2 to 3 mm, dried and then sintered at 500 to 600 ° C. The electrode surface was used.
[0039]
The gas generated by the decomposition was then collected so as to escape to the atmosphere.
[0040]
The results of the treatment for 2 months from November to December are shown in Table 4.
[0041]
[Table 4]

[0042]
Substantially similar results were obtained when ruthenium oxide, cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, and tin oxide were used instead of TiO ₂ .
[0043]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, the invention of this application enables effective removal of water pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus, which has been difficult in the past, and makes it possible to purify rivers and the like with high efficiency.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side sectional view and a front sectional view illustrating the configuration of a purification apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a side sectional view and a front sectional view showing an example provided with an electric field control mechanism.
FIG. 3 is a side sectional view showing an example provided with a cleaner mechanism.
FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram showing an example provided with a gas catalytic oxidation device.
FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram showing an example provided with a precipitate collecting device.
[Explanation of symbols]
A: Conductive porous metal B: Oxidation electrode, platinum electrode C: Gas reservoir D: Seal plate E: Negative electrode F: Air float (float)
G: turbulent flow generation plate h: movable crown l: differential truss P: gas collection pump V: velocimeter Tu: turbidity meter CPU: controller PA: electric field generator

Claims

A purification apparatus for flowing water in which a negative electrode plate is disposed on the flowing water bed and a positive electrode plate is disposed on the upper surface so as to face the negative electrode. The positive electrode plate sinks below the surface of the flowing water, the positive electrode plate is provided with an arrangement means for the upper surface facing the negative electrode, and the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate are provided with an electric field generating mechanism. The apparatus for purifying running water is characterized in that water pollutants contained in running water are oxidatively decomposed by generation of high electric field pulses.

The purification device according to claim 1, wherein means for vertically moving the positive electrode plate is disposed.

The purification apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein gas collecting means is provided.

The purification device according to claim 3, wherein a gas collecting means is disposed at a rear portion in the flowing direction of the flowing water with respect to the positive electrode plate.

The purifying device according to claim 3 or 4, wherein a gas collecting means is disposed on the upper part of the back surface of the positive electrode plate opposite to the negative electrode facing surface.

6. The purification device according to claim 1, wherein the positive electrode plate has at least one positive electrode material of metal and metal oxide.

The purification apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the positive electrode plate is composed of a substrate that is a composite of metal, ceramics, resin, or two or more thereof and a positive electrode material.

The purification apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the positive electrode plate is a porous plate.

The purification device according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the positive electrode material is at least one of titanium oxide, ruthenium oxide, cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, tin oxide and platinum.

The purification apparatus according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the positive electrode plate uses porous titanium, porous ceramics, or stainless steel plate as a substrate.

The purification apparatus according to claim 6, wherein a plurality of positive electrode surface portions having a positive electrode material are disposed on the positive electrode plate.

The purification device according to claim 1, wherein the positive electrode plate has a concave curved surface facing the negative electrode.

The purification device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein a gas sealing means is disposed on the positive electrode plate.

The purifier according to claim 13, wherein the gas seal means is disposed on the back surface of the positive electrode plate opposite to the negative electrode facing surface.

The purification device according to any one of claims 2 to 14, wherein the positive electrode plate has a sinking depth from the water surface of 1/5 to 1/10 of the water depth by the vertically movable means.

The purification device according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the negative electrode is a stainless steel plate or a metal plate coated with platinum foil.

The movable means for moving the positive electrode plate up and down in the direction of gravity is provided with a differential transformer, and a control mechanism is configured to vary the voltage between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate between 200 V / cm and 10 KV / cm. The purifying device according to any one of 2 to 16.

The turbidity detector is provided in front of the flowing water flow with respect to the positive electrode plate, and an automatic control mechanism for changing a current value between 1 to 100 mA according to the turbidity is configured. Purification equipment.

The purifier according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein a flowmeter is installed in the flowing water, and an automatic control mechanism is configured to vary the frequency from 10 kHz to 150 kHz based on the flow velocity.

A plurality of metal protrusions are provided on at least one of the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate, and the height thereof is set to 10 to 15% of the distance between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate. The purification device according to any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the purification device has a structure.

The purification device according to any one of claims 1 to 20, further comprising a mechanism for manually or automatically cleaning one or both surface portions of the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate with a high-pressure fountain device or a roll brush.

The gas collecting means has a gas reservoir, and the gas in the gas reservoir is sucked with water pressure or a suction pump or blower, and this gas is mixed with hydrogen gas by electrolysis or hydrogen gas by a hydrogen cylinder, and the gas is N by the catalyst. either purifying apparatus of claims 3 to 21 with a mechanism for reducing the ₂ and water.

A sedimentation tank that reduces the flow velocity is attached to the rear of the flow direction along with a device for collecting and separating sediment generated by suspension, or damped and partially pumped up by a pump and bypassed from the water stream and settled in a gravity sedimentation tank. The purifier according to any one of claims 1 to 22, further comprising a method of returning the supernatant to the original river.

The purifier according to any one of claims 2 to 23, further comprising an emergency evacuation device that lifts the vertically movable means upward by a hydraulic or electric motor when an abnormal flow rate such as flood occurs.

25. A method for purifying running water, wherein the treatment is performed using the apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 24.