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JP4428890B2 - Ceramic member, joined body, and container for vacuum switch - Google Patents
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JP4428890B2 - Ceramic member, joined body, and container for vacuum switch - Google Patents

Ceramic member, joined body, and container for vacuum switch Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4428890B2
JP4428890B2 JP2001189788A JP2001189788A JP4428890B2 JP 4428890 B2 JP4428890 B2 JP 4428890B2 JP 2001189788 A JP2001189788 A JP 2001189788A JP 2001189788 A JP2001189788 A JP 2001189788A JP 4428890 B2 JP4428890 B2 JP 4428890B2
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layer
ceramic
metallized layer
ceramic member
metallized
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JP2003002768A (en
Inventor
友亮 牧野
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Niterra Co Ltd
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NGK Spark Plug Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66207Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing
    • H01H2033/66215Details relating to the soldering or brazing of vacuum switch housings

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  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、例えばセラミック基板、外囲器、半導体パッケージなどの各種の用途に利用できるものであり、例えば金属とセラミックやセラミック同士をメタライズにより接合したセラミック部材、接合体、真空スイッチ用容器に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来より、焼成体であるセラミック基材の表面にメタライズを施す方法として、高融点金属法(Mo−Mn法;テレフンケン法)が知られている。
このテレフンケン法は、WやMo等の高融点金属の粉末に、Mn粉末、Ti粉末、ガラス成分(SiO2)等の接合助剤を添加し、有機バインダと混合してペーストとしたメタライズインクを、セラミック基材上に塗布し焼き付ける方法(焼成方法)である。
【0003】
また、このテレフンケン法をベースとして、金属層(メタライズ層)の接着強度を向上させる目的で、多くの手法が開発されている。
例えば特開昭56−96794号公報等などには、メタライズ層形成のためのメタライズペーストの組成を規定する技術が開示されており、また、特開昭59−132194号公報等には、メタライズペースト中の金属粉末の粒径や焼成温度等を規定する技術が開示されている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上述した従来技術では、メタライズ層を介した接合体の接合強度が向上するという効果はあるものの、必ずしも十分ではない。
つまり、実際には、メタライズペーストの組成や粒径、焼成温度等を規定しても、常に安定して高い接合強度を有する製品が得られる訳ではないという問題があった。
【0005】
例えば、前記の様な従来技術によって形成された接合体を用いて真空スイッチ用容器を製造した場合には、その接合強度がばらつくことがあるため、気密性が十分でない製品が発生することがあり、一層の改善が望まれていた。
本発明は前記課題を解決するためになされたものであり、その目的は、安定して高い接合強度が得られる、セラミック部材、接合体、真空スイッチ用容器を提供することにある。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
セラミック上のメタライズ層の形成及びメタライズ層を介した接合におけるメタライズ層の構造は、3次元網目構造の金属粒子の焼成体とその空隙に充填されたガラス成分で形成されている。
【0007】
このメタライズ層における強度(接合強度)に影響するのは、金属成分自体の焼結度と、セラミック母材と融合し金属粒子間に拡散したガラス成分のアンカー効果であると考えられる。
従って、メタライズペースト時の材料の粒径や組成を規定しても、印刷、乾燥、焼成、メッキ、ロー付け等の工程の条件によっては、メタライズ層中の組織は一定とは限らない。
【0008】
つまり、焼成後のメタライズ層の組織が適切な範囲にあることにより、セラミック/メタライズ層間の接合、メタライズ層自体の強度、メタライズ/金属層(メッキ層、ロー材層)間の接合など、全てにおいて最適な状態となり、メタライズ層を介したセラミック部材の接合強度が高く安定したものとなる。
【0009】
本発明は、上述した知見により得られたものである。以下各請求項毎に説明する。
(1)請求項1の発明は、(セラミック焼成体である)セラミック基体上にメタライズ層を形成したセラミック部材において、前記(焼成後の)メタライズ層は高融点金属のMo又はWを主成分とし、前記セラミック基体に対して反対側の端面を含むように破断した前記メタライズ層の断面(以下単に断面と記すこともある)の10μm四方の測定範囲における金属成分の面積占有率が45〜75%である部分(特定部分)の割合が、前記メタライズ層の前記断面において80%以上であることを特徴とするセラミック部材を要旨とする。
【0010】
本発明では、10μm四方の測定範囲における特定部分の割合が、前記メタライズ層の断面全体の80%以上を占めているので、安定して高い接合強度を実現できる。従って、このセラミック部材を用いた製品のばらつきが少ない。
つまり、上述した測定範囲において、金属成分の面積占有率が45%未満の場合は、メタライズ層上に(他の部材との接合のために)形成されるメッキ層やロー材層との密着強度が不十分であり、また、メタライズ層自体の強度が不十分になり、一方、75%を超えると、金属部分が多すぎて、セラミックとメタライズ層との接合強度が低下する。しかも、特定部分が断面全体の80%未満の場合には、組成のばらつきが大きく、例えば(金属が過度に少ない)不適切な部分を起点として、接合不具合が生じ易い。
【0011】
そこで、本発明では、上述した条件を満たす構成を備えることにより、例えばセラミック部材に他の部材を接合して製品を製造する場合に、その接合強度(従って製品)のバラツキが少なく、接合強度の低減に起因する気密性の低下などを防止することができる。
【0012】
また、本発明によれば、焼成後のメタライズ組織と接合強度との因果関係を定量的に示すことができるので、安定した高い接合強度を有する接合体を製造する際の基準とすることができる。
尚、メタライズ層の厚みとしては、例えば平均厚みとして3〜50μmの範囲のものを採用できるが、このうち、メタライズ層に、5μm以上の箇所が存在している場合には、金属成分が分散し易く、規定する面積占有率を得易いので、好適である。
【0013】
2)請求項2の発明は、(焼成体である)セラミック基体上にメタライズ層を形成したセラミック部材において、前記(焼成後の)メタライズ層は高融点金属のMo又はWを主成分とし、前記セラミック基体に対して反対側の端面を含むように破断した前記メタライズ層の断面(以下単に断面と記すこともある)の5μm四方の測定範囲における金属成分の面積占有率が20〜90%である部分(特定部分)の割合が、前記メタライズ層の前記断面において80%以上であることを特徴とするセラミック部材を要旨とする。
【0014】
本発明では、5μm四方の測定範囲における金属成分の面積占有率が20〜90%であり、しかも、その特定部分の割合前記メタライズ層の断面全体の80%以上であるので、安定して高い接合強度を実現できる。従って、このセラミック部材を用いた製品のばらつきが少ない。
【0015】
つまり、上述した測定範囲において、金属成分の面積占有率が20%未満の場合は、メタライズ層上に(他の部材との接合のために)形成されるメッキ層やロー材層との密着強度が不十分であり、また、メタライズ層自体の強度が不十分になり、一方、90%を超えると、金属部分が多すぎて、セラミックとメタライズ層との接合強度が低下する。しかも、特定部分が断面全体の80%未満の場合には、組成のばらつきが大きく、例えば(金属が過度に少ない)不適切な部分を起点として、接合不具合が生じ易い。
【0016】
そこで、本発明では、上述した条件を満たす構成を備えることにより、例えばセラミック部材に他の部材を接合して製品を製造する場合に、その接合強度(従って製品)のバラツキが少なく、接合強度の低減に起因する気密性の低下などを防止することができる。
【0017】
また、本発明によれば、焼成後のメタライズ組織と接合強度との因果関係を定量的に示すことができるので、安定した高い接合強度を有する接合体を製造する際の基準とすることができる。
尚、メタライズ層の厚みとしては、例えば平均厚みとして3〜50μmの範囲のものを採用できるが、このうち、メタライズ層に、5μm以上の箇所が存在している場合には、金属成分が分散し易く、規定する面積占有率を得易いので、好適である。
【0019】
3)請求項3の発明は、前記請求項1又は2に記載のセラミック部材に、前記メタライズ層及びロー材層を介して、金属部材を接合したことを特徴とする接合体を要旨とする。
【0020】
本発明は、上述した構成のセラミック部材に金属部材を接合した接合体を示したものである。
この接合体は、安定した高い接合強度を有しているので、この接合体を用いた製品の気密性等のバラツキが少なく好適である。
【0021】
つまり、従来の接合体においては、十分に安定した高い接合強度を実現することが困難であったが、本発明により、高く安定した接合強度を実現することができ、これにより優れた製品を製造することができる。
尚、前記ロー材層を構成する材料としては、例えばAg、Cu、Au、Ni、Cd、及びそれらの化合物が挙げられる。
【0022】
(4)請求項4の発明は、前記請求項1又は2に記載のセラミック部材に、前記メタライズ層及びロー材層を介して、他のセラミック部材(通常はセラミック基体)を接合したことを特徴とする接合体を要旨とする。
本発明は、上述した構成のセラミック部材に他のセラミック部材を接合した接合体を示したものである。
【0023】
この接合体は、安定した高い接合強度を有しているので、この接合体を用いた製品の気密性等のバラツキが少なく好適である。
尚、前記ロー材層を構成する材料としては、例えばAg、Cu、Au、Ni、Cd、及びそれらの化合物が挙げられる。
【0024】
(5)請求項5の発明は、前記メタライズ層とロー材層との間に、メッキ層を備えたことを特徴とする前記請求項3又は4に記載の接合体を要旨とする。
本発明では、メタライズ層とロー材層との間にメッキ層を備えているので、メタライズ層とロー材層との接合強度が増加し、ひいては、セラミック部材と金属部材との接合強度や、セラミック部材同士の接合強度が向上する。
【0025】
尚、前記メッキ層を構成する材料としては、例えばNi、Cu、Au、Ag、Pdなどが挙げられる。
(6)請求項6の発明は、前記請求項3〜5のいずれかの接合体を備えたことを特徴とする真空スイッチ用容器を要旨とする。
【0026】
本発明は、上述した接合体を用いた真空スイッチ用容器である。この真空スイッチ用容器とは、真空スイッチを収容する真空容器(例えば絶縁バルブ)であり、この真空容器内に電極などを配置することにより、真空スイッチ(電気回路開閉器)を形成することができる。尚、真空スイッチは、特に高電圧、大電流の開閉に好適なものである。
【0027】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の、セラミック部材、接合体、真空スイッチ用容器の実施の形態の例(実施例)を、図面を参照して説明する。
(実施例1)
ここでは、セラミック部材と金属部材の接合体を例に挙げる。
【0028】
a)図1に模式的に示す様に、本実施例では、アルミナを主成分とするセラミック部材1とコバール製の金属部材3とが、銀ロー製のロー材5により接合されて接合体7が形成されている。
詳しくは、セラミック部材1は、アルミナ製の焼結体であるセラミック基材9上に、モリブデンを主成分とするメタライズ層11が形成されたものであり、このメタライズ層11上にNiからなるメッキ層13が形成されている。そして、メッキ層13と金属部材3とがロー材5により接合されることにより、セラミック部材1と金属部材3とが接合一体化されている。
【0029】
b)次に、この接合体7の1例として円筒形のテストピースの製造方法を、セラミック部材の製造方法とともに説明する。
(1)まず、平均粒径φ1μmの、Mo粉:71体積%、Mn粉:9体積%、SiO2粉:18体積%、TiH2粉:2体積%と、溶剤に溶解したエチルセルロース:30外体積%とを混合し、メタライズペーストを製造した。
【0030】
(2)次に、前記メタライズペーストを、セラミック基体であるアルミナ製(例えばアルミナ92重量%)のセラミック基材9の表面に、厚さ12μm程度に塗布した。
つまり、図2に示す様に、例えば外径φ60mm×厚み5mm×長さ90mmの円筒形のセラミック基体9の表面(図2の上端面)に、メタライズペーストを塗布した。
【0031】
(3)次に、前記メタライズペーストを塗布したセラミック基材9を炉中に入れ、ウエッター雰囲気(露点40℃)のH2/N2(1:1)のガス雰囲気にて、例えば1350〜1400℃の焼成温度にて焼成した。
これにより、セラミック基材9の表面に(焼成された)メタライズ層11を備えたセラミック部材1が得られた。
【0032】
(4)次に、メタライズ層11の表面(メタライズ面)に、電解メッキによりNiメッキを施して、厚さ1〜5μmのメッキ層13を形成した。その後、H2雰囲気中、温度830℃にて、メッキ層13を焼成(シンタリング)した。
(5)次に、図2に示す様に、セラミック部材1の上端面にコバール製(Fe−Ni−Co)の金属部材3を、5本ロー付けした。
【0033】
具体的には、メッキ層13と5本の金属部材3(例えば外径φ2.5×長さ100mmの円柱のコバール部材)との間に、銀ロー材(BAg−8)5の箔をそれぞれ配置して、所定のロー付け温度にて加熱して冷却することにより、セラミック部材1と金属部材3とをロー付け接合して接合体7を完成した。
【0034】
c)次に、本実施例の効果を確認するために行った実験例について説明する。
(i)接合体のテストピースの製造方法
まず、前記実施例の製造方法にて、本発明の範囲の接合体(テストピース)を製造した。
【0035】
つまり、上述した(1)〜(3)の製造工程によって、接合体を製造する際に、(3)の製造工程において、焼成条件を違えて、試料No.2、3のセラミック部材を製造した。
具体的には、焼成昇温速度を2℃/分とし、ピーク温度1350℃で45分間焼成して、試料No.2のセラミック部材を製造した。また、同じ焼成昇温速度にて、ピーク温度1400℃で45分間焼成して、試料No.3のセラミック部材を製造した。
【0036】
また、本発明の範囲外の比較例として、平均粒径φ2.5μmの、Mo粉:67体積%、Mn粉:8体積%、SiO2粉:23体積%、TiH2粉:2体積%と、溶剤に溶解したエチルセルロース:30外体積%とを混合し、メタライズペーストを製造した。
【0037】
これを、前記実施例と同様に印刷し焼成して、試料No.1のセラミック部材を製造した。但し、焼成昇温速度は4℃/分とし、ピーク温度1380℃で45分間焼成した。
更に、本発明の範囲外の他の比較例として、前記実施例と同様にしてメタライズペーストを製造し、印刷し焼成して、試料No.4のセラミック部材を製造した。但し、焼成昇温速度は2℃/分とし、ピーク温度1420℃で90分間焼成した。
【0038】
次に、上述した様にして製造した各セラミック部材に対して、前記(4)及び(5)の製造工程によって、金属部材を接合して、試料No.1〜4の接合体を製造した。
(ii)実験方法
・強度試験
前記テストピースの接合体に対して、金属部材の接合強度を測定した。
【0039】
具体的には、図3に示す様に、接合体の上端面を治具21で抑え、この状態で、金属部材の上部を保持部材23で1本づつチャッキングし、この保持部材23を上方に0.5mm/minの速度で引張った。
そして、この際に、金属部材が剥がれるまでの強度(接合強度)を、それぞれ島津製作所製オートグラフにより測定した。この測定結果を、下記表1に記す。
【0040】
・接合部分の観察
次に、前記試料No.1〜4のテストピースの接合部分を含む様に切り取り、その切り取った部分を熱可塑性樹脂によりモールドし、鏡面断面サンプルを作成した。
【0041】
このサンプルの鏡面断面を金属顕微鏡で拡大撮影し、その画像を色調二値化することにより、10μm平方(試料No.1〜4)における金属部分とガラス部分との面積比率(金属成分の面積占有率)を測定した。
そして、前記金属成分の面積占有率の測定を、任意の箇所にて合計10箇所にて実施した。その結果を、下記表1に記す。
【0042】
【表1】

Figure 0004428890
【0043】
この表1から明らかな様に、本発明の範囲の試料No.2、3のテストピース、即ち、メタライズ層の断面の10μm四方の測定範囲における金属成分の面積占有率が45〜75%である部分の割合が、前記メタライズ層の断面において80%以上であるものは、接合強度が高く、しかも、その接合強度が揃っていることが分かる。
【0044】
これに対して、比較例の試料No.1、4のテストピースは、接合強度が低い箇所があり好ましくない。
(iii)また、前記(i)接合体のテストピースの製造方法と同様にして、本発明の範囲の接合体(テストピース)として、試料No.6、7のセラミック部材を製造した。
【0045】
具体的には、焼成昇温速度を2℃/分とし、ピーク温度1350℃で45分間焼成して、試料No.6のセラミック部材を製造した。また、同じ焼成昇温速度にて、ピーク温度1400℃で45分間焼成して、試料No.7のセラミック部材を製造した。
【0046】
一方、本発明の範囲外の比較例として、前記と同様にして、試料No.5のセラミック部材を製造した。但し、焼成昇温速度は4℃/分とし、ピーク温度1380℃で45分間焼成した。更に他の比較例として、前記と同様にして、試料No.8のセラミック部材を製造した。但し、焼成昇温速度は2℃/分とし、ピーク温度1420℃で90分間焼成した。
【0047】
そして、前記と同様にして、各セラミック部材に対して金属部材を接合して、試料No.5〜8の接合体を製造した。
次に、前記(ii)実験方法と同様にして、強度試験及び接合部分の観察を行った。尚、ここでは、5μm平方(試料No.5〜8)における金属部分とガラス部分との面積比率(金属成分の面積占有率)を測定した。
【0048】
そして、前記金属成分の面積占有率の測定を、任意の箇所にて合計10箇所にて実施した。その結果を、下記表2に記す。
【0049】
【表2】
Figure 0004428890
【0050】
また、表2から明らかな様に、本発明の範囲の試料No.6、7のテストピース、即ち、メタライズ層の断面の5μm四方の測定範囲における金属成分の面積占有率が20〜90%である部分の割合が、前記メタライズ層の断面において80%以上であるものは、接合強度が高く、しかも、その接合強度が揃っていることが分かる。
【0051】
これに対して、比較例の試料No.5、8のテストピースは、接合強度が低い箇所があり好ましくない。
この様に、本発明の範囲内の接合体は、高く安定した接合強度を有するので好適である。また、本発明の接合体の構成により、焼成後のメタライズ組織と接合強度との因果関係を定量的に得ることができるので、安定して高い接合強度を有する接合体を製造する上での基準とすることができ、製造方法の改良に寄与するという効果を奏する。
(実施例2)
次に、実施例2について説明するが、前記実施例1と同様な箇所の説明は省略する。
【0052】
ここでは、セラミック部材同士を接合した接合体を例に挙げる。
a)図4に模式的に示す様に、本実施例では、アルミナ製の第1のセラミック部材31と同様なアルミナ製の第2のセラミック部材33とがロー材35により接合されて接合体37が形成されている。
【0053】
詳しくは、第1のセラミック部材31は、第1のセラミック基材39上に第1のメタライズ層41が形成されたものであり、この第1のメタライズ層41上にはNiメッキにより第1のメッキ層43が形成されている。一方、第2のセラミック部材33は、第2のセラミック基材45上に第2のメタライズ層47が形成されたものであり、この第2のメタライズ層47上にはNiメッキにより第2のメッキ層49が形成されている。そして、第1メッキ層43と第2のメッキ層49とがロー材35により接合されることにより、第1のセラミック部材31と第2のセラミック部材33とが接合されて一体となっている。
【0054】
b)次に、この接合体の製造方法を説明する。
(1)前記実施例1にて説明した様に(以下省略した内容は前記実施例1と同様である)、メタライズペースト成分の粉末を使用して、メタライズペーストを製造した。
【0055】
(2)次に、前記メタライズペーストを、第1のセラミック基材39と第2のセラミック基材45の表面に塗布した。
(3)次に、前記メタライズペーストを塗布した第1、2のセラミック基材39、45を、それぞれ炉中に入れ、1350〜1400℃の温度にて焼成し、第1、2のセラミック部材31、33を得た。
【0056】
(4)次に、第1,2のメタライズ層41、47の表面に、Niメッキを施して第1、2のメッキ層43,49を形成した。
(5)次に、両メッキ層43、49の間に、銀ロー材35を配置してロー付け接合し、両セラミック部材31、33を接合して一体化して接合体37を完成した。
【0057】
本実施例の接合体3は、セラミック部材31,33同士を接合したものであるが、本実施例によっても、安定して高い接合強度を有する接合体3が得られるという利点がある。
(実施例3)
次に、実施例3について説明するが、前記実施例1、2と同様な箇所の説明は省略する。
【0058】
本実施例は、前記実施例1のようなセラミック部材と金属部材からなる接合体を真空スイッチに用いた例である。
即ち、本実施例の真空スイッチは、真空スイッチ用容器内に電極等を内蔵し、高電圧、大電流の開閉に適した高負荷開閉器である。
【0059】
詳しくは、図5に示す様に、真空負荷開閉器100は、真空スイッチ用容器(絶縁バルブ)101と、絶縁バルブ101の端部を塞いで取り付けられた第1及び第2の端蓋102、103と、第1の端蓋102に取り付けられ絶縁バルブ101内に突出された固定電極104と、第2の端蓋103に摺動自在に配置された可動電極105とを備え、固定電極104と可動電極105により接点106を構成している。
【0060】
前記絶縁バルブ101は、アルミナ92重量%のセラミック基体で形成され、内径80mm×肉厚5mm程度×長さ100mmの略円筒形である。また、絶縁バルブ101は、内径が一定の直胴部110及び内周壁111の中間にて内側に突出して周設される凸状部112を有している。更に、絶縁バルブ101の外周面には、釉薬層115を備えている。
【0061】
前記第1、2端蓋102,103は、円板状のコバール(Fe−Ni−Co)板で形成され、各中央部に固定電極104、ガイド131を固着するための穴121、132が設けられている。このガイド131は、可動電極105の可動軸151が摺動し易いように設けられている。
【0062】
前記固定電極104は、先端が穴121に固着される固定軸141となり、先端が絶縁バルブ101内に突出される円環状の電極142となっている。
前記可動電極105は、後端がガイド131内を摺動する可動軸151となり、先端が固定電極104側の電極142に接触する電極152となっている。この可動電極105は、電極152付近の可動軸151と第2の端蓋103との間に設けられる蛇腹状の金属べローズ153により、真空保持状態で開閉動作を可能とされている。
【0063】
前記金属ベローズ153は、ベローズカバー154で囲まれ、電流開閉時に、電極142,152(即ちその先端の接触子143、155)から発生する金属蒸気が直接触れるのを防いでいる。
前記接点106は、電極142,152の接触が行われる接触子143、155に、高融点のタングステン系の焼結金属を用い、発生する真空アークにより溶着し難い構造となっている。
【0064】
また、接点106を囲んでアークシールド161が配置されている。このアークシールド161は、前述の金属蒸気が絶縁バルブ101の内周壁111に付着して絶縁が低下するのを防止するために、絶縁バルブ101の凸状部112にロー付けにより接合されている。
【0065】
つまり、本実施例の高負荷開閉器100では、前記実施例1の接合体と同様に、セラミック部材である絶縁バルブ101の凸状部112に、金属部材であるアークシールド161がロー材162によるロー付けにより接合されている。
詳しくは、図6に要部を模式的に示す様に、絶縁バルブ101の凸状部112の先端には、メタライズ層171が形成され、このメタライズ層171上にNiメッキによりメッキ層173が形成され、このメッキ層173とアークシールド161とがロー材162によるロー付けによって接合されているのである。
【0066】
これにより、高い接合強度を有する絶縁バルブ101(従って高負荷開閉器100)を実現することができる。
また、本実施例では、絶縁バルブ101と端蓋102,103との間に、端蓋102,103側より、ロー材、メッキ層、メタライズ層(図示せず)の順で配置されており、これにより、絶縁バルブ101と端蓋102,103とは、高い強度で接合されて気密性が確保される。
(実施例4)
次に、実施例4について説明するが、前記実施例3と同様な箇所の説明は省略する。
【0067】
本実施例は、前記実施例3の様に、セラミック部材と金属部材からなる接合体を真空スイッチに用いた例であるが、アークシールドと絶縁バルブの構造が異なる。
図7に要部を模式的に示す様に、本実施例の真空スイッチ(高負荷開閉器)200は、真空スイッチ用容器を構成する上絶縁バルブ201と下絶縁バルブ203との間に、無酸素銅からなる金属製の接続部材205がロー付けされ、その接続部材205の先端側に、アークシールド207がロー付け接合されている。
【0068】
特に、前記上絶縁バルブ201及び下絶縁バルブ203と接続部材205とが固定される部分(固定部209)には、前記実施例1と同様な方法で、それぞれメタライズ層211、213が形成され、各メタライズ層211、213上にはそれぞれNiメッキによりメッキ層215、217が形成されている。
【0069】
そして、このメッキ層215、217と接続部材205とが、それぞれロー材219、221により接合されることにより、両絶縁バルブ201、203と接続部材205とが接合一体化されている。
尚、両絶縁バルブ201、203の外周面には 前記実施例3と同様の釉薬層223、225がそれぞれ形成されている。
【0070】
本実施例によっても、前記実施例3と同様な効果を奏する。
また、本実施例では、上絶縁バルブ201と接続部材205との間に、メタライズ層211、メッキ層215、及びロー材219が設けられ、下絶縁バルブ203と接続部材205との間に、メタライズ層213、メッキ層217、及びロー材221が設けられて、それらにより、上絶縁バルブ201と接続部材205と下絶縁バルブ203とが強固に接続されており、高い気密性も確保できる。
【0071】
尚、上絶縁バルブ201及び下絶縁バルブ203と、それぞれの端蓋との間は、前記実施例3と同様に、端蓋側より、ロー材、メッキ層、メタライズ層(図示せず)の順で配置されており、これにより、高い強度で接合されて気密性が確保される。
【0072】
尚、本発明は前記実施例になんら限定されるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲において種々の態様で実施しうることはいうまでもない。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 実施例1の接合体の要部を破断して示す説明図である。
【図2】 実施例1の接合体を示す斜視図である。
【図3】 実施例1の接合体の接合強度の測定方法を示す説明図である。
【図4】 実施例2の接合体の要部を破断して示す説明図である。
【図5】 実施例3の真空スイッチを破断して示す説明図である。
【図6】 実施例3の真空スイッチの要部を破断して示す説明図である。
【図7】 実施例4の真空スイッチの要部を破断して示す説明図である。
【符号の説明】
1…セラミック部材
3…金属部材
5、35、162、219、221…ロー材
7、37…接合体
9…セラミック基材
11…メタライズ層
13…メッキ層
31…第1のセラミック部材
33…第2のセラミック部材
39…第1のセラミック基材
41…第1のメタライズ層
45…第2のセラミック基材
47…第2のメタライズ層
161、207…アークシールド
101…絶縁バルブ
100、200…真空スイッチ(高負荷開閉器)
171、211、213…メタライズ層
201…上絶縁バルブ
203…下絶縁バルブ
205…接続部材[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention can be used for various applications such as a ceramic substrate, an envelope, and a semiconductor package. For example, the present invention relates to a ceramic member, a joined body, and a vacuum switch container in which metal and ceramic or ceramics are joined together by metallization. It is.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, a refractory metal method (Mo-Mn method; Telefunken method) is known as a method for metallizing the surface of a ceramic substrate that is a fired body.
This Telefunken method uses Mn powder, Ti powder, glass component (SiO 2) in powders of high melting point metals such as W and Mo. 2 ) And the like, and a metallized ink made into a paste by mixing with an organic binder is applied onto a ceramic substrate and baked (baking method).
[0003]
Many methods have been developed for the purpose of improving the adhesive strength of a metal layer (metallized layer) based on this Telefunken method.
For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 56-96794 discloses a technique for defining the composition of a metallized paste for forming a metallized layer, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 59-132194 discloses a metallized paste. A technique for defining the particle size, firing temperature, and the like of the metal powder therein is disclosed.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, although the above-described conventional technique has an effect of improving the bonding strength of the bonded body through the metallized layer, it is not always sufficient.
That is, in practice, there is a problem that even if the composition, particle size, firing temperature, etc. of the metallized paste are defined, a product having a high and high bonding strength cannot always be obtained.
[0005]
For example, when a vacuum switch container is manufactured using a joined body formed by the conventional technique as described above, since the joining strength may vary, a product with insufficient airtightness may occur. Further improvement was desired.
The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a ceramic member, a bonded body, and a vacuum switch container that can stably obtain high bonding strength.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The structure of the metallized layer in the formation of the metallized layer on the ceramic and the bonding through the metallized layer is formed of a fired body of metal particles having a three-dimensional network structure and a glass component filled in the voids.
[0007]
It is considered that the strength (bonding strength) in the metallized layer is influenced by the sintering degree of the metal component itself and the anchor effect of the glass component fused with the ceramic base material and diffused between the metal particles.
Therefore, even if the particle size and composition of the material at the time of the metallized paste are defined, the structure in the metallized layer is not always constant depending on the process conditions such as printing, drying, baking, plating, and brazing.
[0008]
In other words, the structure of the metallized layer after firing is in an appropriate range, so that the bonding between the ceramic / metallized layer, the strength of the metallized layer itself, the bond between the metallized / metal layer (plating layer, brazing material layer), etc. It becomes an optimal state, and the bonding strength of the ceramic member through the metallized layer is high and stable.
[0009]
The present invention has been obtained based on the above-described findings. Each claim will be described below.
(1) The invention of claim 1 is a ceramic member in which a metallized layer is formed on a ceramic substrate (which is a ceramic fired body). The metallized layer (after firing) is mainly composed of a refractory metal, Mo or W, and is a cross section of the metallized layer broken so as to include an end face on the opposite side to the ceramic substrate (hereinafter, simply referred to as a cross section). is there) The proportion of the portion (specific portion) in which the area occupancy of the metal component in the measurement range of 10 μm square is 45 to 75% is that of the metallized layer. Said The gist is a ceramic member characterized by being 80% or more in cross section.
[0010]
In the present invention, a specific portion in a 10 μm square measurement range Percentage of But, Cross section of the metallized layer Since it accounts for 80% or more of the total, high bonding strength can be realized stably. Therefore, there is little variation in products using this ceramic member.
That is, in the measurement range described above, when the area occupancy of the metal component is less than 45%, the adhesion strength with the plating layer or the brazing material layer formed on the metallized layer (for joining with other members) Is insufficient, and the strength of the metallized layer itself is insufficient. On the other hand, when it exceeds 75%, there are too many metal portions, and the bonding strength between the ceramic and the metallized layer is lowered. And the specific part is cross section In the case of less than 80% of the total, the composition variation is large, and for example, a defective joint tends to occur starting from an inappropriate portion (with excessively small amount of metal).
[0011]
Therefore, in the present invention, by providing a configuration that satisfies the above-described conditions, for example, when a product is manufactured by bonding another member to a ceramic member, there is little variation in the bonding strength (and thus the product), and the bonding strength is low. It is possible to prevent a decrease in airtightness caused by the reduction.
[0012]
Further, according to the present invention, since the causal relationship between the metallized structure after firing and the bonding strength can be quantitatively shown, it can be used as a reference when manufacturing a bonded body having a stable and high bonding strength. .
As the thickness of the metallized layer, for example, an average thickness in the range of 3 to 50 μm can be adopted. Among these, when the metallized layer has a portion of 5 μm or more, the metal component is dispersed. It is preferable because it is easy to obtain and provides a specified area occupancy.
[0013]
( 2) The invention of claim 2 is a ceramic member in which a metallized layer is formed on a ceramic substrate (which is a fired body). The metallized layer (after firing) is mainly composed of a refractory metal, Mo or W, and is a cross section of the metallized layer broken so as to include an end face on the opposite side to the ceramic substrate (hereinafter, simply referred to as a cross section). is there) The proportion of the portion (specific portion) in which the area occupancy of the metal component in the measurement range of 5 μm square is 20 to 90% is the ratio of the metallized layer. Said The gist is a ceramic member characterized by being 80% or more in cross section.
[0014]
In the present invention, the area occupancy of the metal component in the measurement range of 5 μm square is 20 to 90%, and the specific portion thereof Percentage of But Cross section of the metallized layer Since it is 80% or more of the whole, high joint strength can be realized stably. Therefore, there is little variation in products using this ceramic member.
[0015]
That is, in the measurement range described above, when the area occupancy of the metal component is less than 20%, the adhesion strength with the plating layer or the brazing material layer formed on the metallized layer (for bonding with other members) Is insufficient, and the strength of the metallized layer itself is insufficient. On the other hand, when it exceeds 90%, there are too many metal portions, and the bonding strength between the ceramic and the metallized layer is lowered. And the specific part is cross section In the case of less than 80% of the total, the composition variation is large, and for example, a defective joint tends to occur starting from an inappropriate portion (with excessively small amount of metal).
[0016]
Therefore, in the present invention, by providing a configuration that satisfies the above-described conditions, for example, when a product is manufactured by bonding another member to a ceramic member, there is little variation in the bonding strength (and thus the product), and the bonding strength is low. It is possible to prevent a decrease in airtightness caused by the reduction.
[0017]
Further, according to the present invention, since the causal relationship between the metallized structure after firing and the bonding strength can be quantitatively shown, it can be used as a reference when manufacturing a bonded body having a stable and high bonding strength. .
As the thickness of the metallized layer, for example, an average thickness in the range of 3 to 50 μm can be adopted. Among these, when the metallized layer has a portion of 5 μm or more, the metal component is dispersed. It is preferable because it is easy to obtain and provides a specified area occupancy.
[0019]
( 3) The gist of the invention of claim 3 is characterized in that a metal member is joined to the ceramic member of claim 1 or 2 via the metallized layer and the brazing material layer.
[0020]
The present invention shows a joined body in which a metal member is joined to the ceramic member having the above-described configuration.
Since this bonded body has a stable and high bonding strength, there is little variation such as airtightness of a product using the bonded body, which is preferable.
[0021]
In other words, in the conventional bonded body, it was difficult to realize a sufficiently stable and high bonding strength, but according to the present invention, a high and stable bonding strength can be realized, thereby producing an excellent product. can do.
In addition, as a material which comprises the said brazing material layer, Ag, Cu, Au, Ni, Cd, and those compounds are mentioned, for example.
[0022]
(4) The invention of claim 4 is characterized in that another ceramic member (usually a ceramic substrate) is joined to the ceramic member of claim 1 or 2 via the metallized layer and the brazing material layer. A summary of the joined body is as follows.
The present invention shows a joined body in which another ceramic member is joined to the ceramic member having the above-described configuration.
[0023]
Since this bonded body has a stable and high bonding strength, there is little variation such as airtightness of a product using the bonded body, which is preferable.
In addition, as a material which comprises the said brazing material layer, Ag, Cu, Au, Ni, Cd, and those compounds are mentioned, for example.
[0024]
(5) A fifth aspect of the present invention is summarized as the joined body according to the third or fourth aspect, wherein a plating layer is provided between the metallized layer and the brazing material layer.
In the present invention, since the plating layer is provided between the metallized layer and the brazing material layer, the bonding strength between the metalizing layer and the brazing material layer is increased, and as a result, the bonding strength between the ceramic member and the metal member or the ceramic material is increased. The joint strength between members is improved.
[0025]
In addition, as a material which comprises the said plating layer, Ni, Cu, Au, Ag, Pd etc. are mentioned, for example.
(6) A sixth aspect of the present invention is summarized in a vacuum switch container including the joined body according to any one of the third to fifth aspects.
[0026]
The present invention is a vacuum switch container using the above-described joined body. The vacuum switch container is a vacuum container (for example, an insulating valve) that accommodates the vacuum switch, and a vacuum switch (electric circuit switch) can be formed by arranging an electrode or the like in the vacuum container. . The vacuum switch is particularly suitable for opening and closing a high voltage and a large current.
[0027]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, examples (examples) of embodiments of the ceramic member, the joined body, and the vacuum switch container of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
Example 1
Here, a joined body of a ceramic member and a metal member is taken as an example.
[0028]
a) As schematically shown in FIG. 1, in this embodiment, a ceramic member 1 mainly composed of alumina and a metal member 3 made of Kovar are joined together by a brazing material 5 made of silver solder, and a joined body 7. Is formed.
Specifically, the ceramic member 1 is obtained by forming a metallized layer 11 mainly composed of molybdenum on a ceramic substrate 9 which is a sintered body made of alumina, and plating made of Ni on the metallized layer 11. Layer 13 is formed. Then, the plated layer 13 and the metal member 3 are joined together by the brazing material 5 so that the ceramic member 1 and the metal member 3 are joined and integrated.
[0029]
b) Next, a method for manufacturing a cylindrical test piece as an example of the joined body 7 will be described together with a method for manufacturing a ceramic member.
(1) First, Mo powder: 71% by volume, Mn powder: 9% by volume, SiO, having an average particle diameter of 1 μm 2 Powder: 18% by volume, TiH 2 Powder: 2% by volume and ethyl cellulose dissolved in solvent: 30% by volume were mixed to produce a metallized paste.
[0030]
(2) Next, the metallized paste was applied to the surface of a ceramic substrate 9 made of alumina (for example, 92% by weight of alumina) as a ceramic substrate to a thickness of about 12 μm.
That is, as shown in FIG. 2, for example, the metallized paste was applied to the surface (upper end surface in FIG. 2) of a cylindrical ceramic substrate 9 having an outer diameter of φ60 mm × thickness of 5 mm × length of 90 mm.
[0031]
(3) Next, the ceramic base material 9 coated with the metallized paste is put in a furnace and H in a wetter atmosphere (dew point 40 ° C.). 2 / N 2 Firing was performed in a gas atmosphere of (1: 1), for example, at a firing temperature of 1350 to 1400 ° C.
Thereby, the ceramic member 1 provided with the (baked) metallized layer 11 on the surface of the ceramic base material 9 was obtained.
[0032]
(Four) Next, Ni plating was applied to the surface (metallized surface) of the metallized layer 11 by electrolytic plating to form a plated layer 13 having a thickness of 1 to 5 μm. Then H 2 The plating layer 13 was fired (sintered) at a temperature of 830 ° C. in the atmosphere.
(Five) Next, as shown in FIG. 2, five metal members 3 made of Kovar (Fe—Ni—Co) were brazed to the upper end surface of the ceramic member 1.
[0033]
Specifically, a silver brazing material (BAg-8) 5 foil is placed between the plating layer 13 and the five metal members 3 (for example, a cylindrical Kovar member having an outer diameter of φ2.5 × a length of 100 mm). The ceramic member 1 and the metal member 3 were brazed and joined, and the joined body 7 was completed by arranging and heating and cooling at a predetermined brazing temperature.
[0034]
c) Next, an experimental example performed to confirm the effect of this example will be described.
(i) Manufacturing method of joined test piece
First, a joined body (test piece) within the scope of the present invention was produced by the production method of the above-described example.
[0035]
In other words, as mentioned above (1)-(3) When manufacturing a joined body by the manufacturing process of (3) In the manufacturing process, sample Nos. 2 and 3 ceramic members were manufactured under different firing conditions.
Specifically, the firing temperature increase rate was 2 ° C./min, and firing was performed at a peak temperature of 1350 ° C. for 45 minutes to produce a ceramic member of Sample No. 2. Moreover, the ceramic member of sample No. 3 was manufactured by firing at the same firing temperature increase rate and firing at a peak temperature of 1400 ° C. for 45 minutes.
[0036]
Further, as a comparative example outside the scope of the present invention, Mo powder: 67% by volume, Mn powder: 8% by volume, SiO, having an average particle diameter φ2.5 μm 2 Powder: 23% by volume, TiH 2 Powder: 2% by volume and ethyl cellulose dissolved in solvent: 30% by volume were mixed to produce a metallized paste.
[0037]
This was printed and fired in the same manner as in the above Example to produce a ceramic member of Sample No. 1. However, the baking temperature rising rate was 4 ° C./min, and baking was performed at a peak temperature of 1380 ° C. for 45 minutes.
Furthermore, as another comparative example outside the scope of the present invention, a metallized paste was produced in the same manner as in the above example, printed and fired to produce a ceramic member of Sample No. 4. However, the firing temperature increase rate was 2 ° C./minute, and the firing was performed at the peak temperature of 1420 ° C. for 90 minutes.
[0038]
Next, for each ceramic member manufactured as described above, (Four) as well as (Five) According to the manufacturing process, metal members were joined to produce joined bodies of sample Nos. 1 to 4.
(ii) Experimental method
·Strength test
The joining strength of the metal member was measured with respect to the joined body of the test pieces.
[0039]
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, the upper end surface of the joined body is held by the jig 21, and in this state, the upper part of the metal member is chucked one by one by the holding member 23, and the holding member 23 is moved upward. Was pulled at a speed of 0.5 mm / min.
At this time, the strength (bonding strength) until the metal member was peeled was measured by an autograph manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation. The measurement results are shown in Table 1 below.
[0040]
-Observation of joints
Next, it cut out so that the junction part of the test piece of the said sample No. 1-4 might be included, and the cut-out part was molded with the thermoplastic resin, and the mirror surface cross-section sample was created.
[0041]
The mirror cross section of this sample was magnified and photographed with a metallographic microscope, and the image was binarized to obtain an area ratio between the metal part and the glass part in 10 μm square (sample No. 1 to 4) (area occupation of the metal component) Rate).
And the measurement of the area occupation rate of the said metal component was implemented in a total of ten places in arbitrary places. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
[0042]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004428890
[0043]
As apparent from Table 1, the area occupancy of the metal component in the measurement range of 10 μm square in the cross section of the sample No. 2 and 3 of the sample No. 2 and 3 within the range of the present invention, ie, the metallized layer is 45 to 75%. portion Percentage of But, Said Metallized layer In cross section Those having 80% or more have high bonding strength, and the bonding strength is uniform.
[0044]
On the other hand, the test pieces of sample Nos. 1 and 4 of the comparative example are not preferable because there are places where the bonding strength is low.
(iii) In addition, the ceramic members of Sample Nos. 6 and 7 were manufactured as a bonded body (test piece) within the scope of the present invention in the same manner as the manufacturing method of the (i) bonded body test piece.
[0045]
Specifically, the firing temperature increase rate was 2 ° C./min, and firing was performed at a peak temperature of 1350 ° C. for 45 minutes to produce a ceramic member of Sample No. 6. In addition, the ceramic member of Sample No. 7 was manufactured by firing at the same firing temperature increase rate at a peak temperature of 1400 ° C. for 45 minutes.
[0046]
On the other hand, as a comparative example outside the scope of the present invention, a ceramic member of Sample No. 5 was manufactured in the same manner as described above. However, the baking temperature rising rate was 4 ° C./min, and baking was performed at a peak temperature of 1380 ° C. for 45 minutes. As yet another comparative example, a ceramic member of Sample No. 8 was manufactured in the same manner as described above. However, the firing temperature increase rate was 2 ° C./minute, and the firing was performed at the peak temperature of 1420 ° C. for 90 minutes.
[0047]
And the metal member was joined with respect to each ceramic member like the above, and the joined body of sample No. 5-8 was manufactured.
Next, in the same manner as in the above (ii) experimental method, a strength test and observation of the joint portion were performed. In addition, the area ratio (area occupancy rate of a metal component) of the metal part and glass part in 5 micrometers square (sample No. 5-8) was measured here.
[0048]
And the measurement of the area occupation rate of the said metal component was implemented in a total of ten places in arbitrary places. The results are shown in Table 2 below.
[0049]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004428890
[0050]
Further, as is apparent from Table 2, the area occupancy of the metal component in the test piece of sample Nos. 6 and 7 within the scope of the present invention, that is, the measurement range of 5 μm square in the cross section of the metallized layer is 20 to 90%. Some part Percentage of But, Said Metallized layer In cross section Those having 80% or more have high bonding strength, and the bonding strength is uniform.
[0051]
On the other hand, the test pieces of Sample Nos. 5 and 8 of the comparative examples are not preferable because there are places where the bonding strength is low.
Thus, the joined body within the scope of the present invention is suitable because it has a high and stable joint strength. In addition, since the causal relationship between the metallized structure after firing and the bonding strength can be quantitatively obtained by the configuration of the bonded body of the present invention, it is a standard for stably manufacturing a bonded body having high bonding strength. And has the effect of contributing to the improvement of the manufacturing method.
(Example 2)
Next, the second embodiment will be described, but the description of the same parts as the first embodiment will be omitted.
[0052]
Here, a bonded body in which ceramic members are bonded to each other will be described as an example.
a) As schematically shown in FIG. 4, in this embodiment, the first ceramic member 31 made of alumina and the second ceramic member 33 made of alumina similar to the first ceramic member 31 are joined together by a brazing material 35, and a joined body 37. Is formed.
[0053]
Specifically, the first ceramic member 31 has a first metallized layer 41 formed on a first ceramic substrate 39, and the first metallized layer 41 is Ni-plated to form a first metallized layer 41. A plating layer 43 is formed. On the other hand, the second ceramic member 33 is obtained by forming a second metallized layer 47 on the second ceramic substrate 45, and the second metallized layer 47 is subjected to second plating by Ni plating. Layer 49 is formed. Then, the first plating layer 43 and the second plating layer 49 are joined together by the brazing material 35, so that the first ceramic member 31 and the second ceramic member 33 are joined together.
[0054]
b) Next, a method for manufacturing the joined body will be described.
(1) As described in Example 1 (hereinafter, the omitted contents are the same as in Example 1), a metallized paste was produced using the powder of the metallized paste component.
[0055]
(2) Next, the metallized paste was applied to the surfaces of the first ceramic substrate 39 and the second ceramic substrate 45.
(3) Next, the first and second ceramic base materials 39 and 45 coated with the metallized paste are put in a furnace and fired at a temperature of 1350 to 1400 ° C., and the first and second ceramic members 31 and 33 are Obtained.
[0056]
(Four) Next, Ni plating was applied to the surfaces of the first and second metallized layers 41 and 47 to form first and second plated layers 43 and 49.
(Five) Next, the silver brazing material 35 was disposed between the plated layers 43 and 49 and joined by brazing, and the ceramic members 31 and 33 were joined and integrated to complete the joined body 37.
[0057]
The joined body 3 of the present embodiment is obtained by joining the ceramic members 31 and 33 to each other, but the present embodiment also has an advantage that the joined body 3 having a high joint strength can be obtained stably.
(Example 3)
Next, the third embodiment will be described, but the description of the same parts as the first and second embodiments will be omitted.
[0058]
This embodiment is an example in which a joined body made of a ceramic member and a metal member as in the first embodiment is used for a vacuum switch.
That is, the vacuum switch of this embodiment is a high load switch that is suitable for switching of high voltage and large current by incorporating an electrode or the like in the vacuum switch container.
[0059]
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 5, the vacuum load switch 100 includes a vacuum switch container (insulating valve) 101 and first and second end covers 102 attached by closing the end of the insulating valve 101, 103, a fixed electrode 104 attached to the first end cover 102 and projecting into the insulating valve 101, and a movable electrode 105 slidably disposed on the second end cover 103. The movable electrode 105 constitutes a contact 106.
[0060]
The insulating valve 101 is made of a ceramic base body of 92% by weight of alumina and has a substantially cylindrical shape with an inner diameter of 80 mm, a thickness of about 5 mm, and a length of 100 mm. Further, the insulating valve 101 has a straight body portion 110 having a constant inner diameter and a convex portion 112 that protrudes inwardly in the middle of the inner peripheral wall 111. Further, a glaze layer 115 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the insulating valve 101.
[0061]
The first and second end covers 102 and 103 are formed of a disk-shaped Kovar (Fe—Ni—Co) plate, and holes 121 and 132 for fixing the fixed electrode 104 and the guide 131 are provided in the respective central portions. It has been. The guide 131 is provided so that the movable shaft 151 of the movable electrode 105 can easily slide.
[0062]
The fixed electrode 104 is a fixed shaft 141 whose tip is fixed to the hole 121, and an annular electrode 142 whose tip is projected into the insulating valve 101.
The movable electrode 105 has a movable shaft 151 that slides in the guide 131 at the rear end, and an electrode 152 that contacts the electrode 142 on the fixed electrode 104 side. The movable electrode 105 can be opened and closed in a vacuum state by a bellows-shaped metal bellows 153 provided between the movable shaft 151 near the electrode 152 and the second end cover 103.
[0063]
The metal bellows 153 is surrounded by a bellows cover 154 to prevent direct contact with metal vapor generated from the electrodes 142 and 152 (that is, the contacts 143 and 155 at the tips) when the current is opened and closed.
The contact 106 has a structure in which a high melting point tungsten-based sintered metal is used for the contacts 143 and 155 with which the electrodes 142 and 152 are contacted, and is difficult to be welded by a generated vacuum arc.
[0064]
An arc shield 161 is disposed around the contact 106. This arc shield 161 is joined to the convex portion 112 of the insulating valve 101 by brazing in order to prevent the above-described metal vapor from adhering to the inner peripheral wall 111 of the insulating valve 101 and lowering the insulation.
[0065]
That is, in the high load switch 100 of the present embodiment, the arc shield 161 that is a metal member is formed by the brazing material 162 on the convex portion 112 of the insulating valve 101 that is a ceramic member, similarly to the joined body of the first embodiment. Joined by brazing.
Specifically, as schematically shown in FIG. 6, a metallized layer 171 is formed at the tip of the convex portion 112 of the insulating valve 101, and a plated layer 173 is formed on the metallized layer 171 by Ni plating. The plated layer 173 and the arc shield 161 are joined by brazing with a brazing material 162.
[0066]
Thereby, the insulation valve 101 (hence, high load switch 100) which has high joint strength is realizable.
In this embodiment, the brazing material, the plating layer, and the metallized layer (not shown) are arranged in this order from the end lids 102 and 103 between the insulating valve 101 and the end lids 102 and 103. Thereby, the insulation valve 101 and the end lids 102 and 103 are joined with high strength to ensure airtightness.
Example 4
Next, Example 4 will be described, but the description of the same parts as Example 3 will be omitted.
[0067]
This embodiment is an example in which a joined body made of a ceramic member and a metal member is used for a vacuum switch as in the third embodiment, but the structures of the arc shield and the insulating valve are different.
As schematically shown in FIG. 7, the vacuum switch (high load switch) 200 of the present embodiment is provided between the upper insulating valve 201 and the lower insulating valve 203 constituting the vacuum switch container. A metal connection member 205 made of oxygen copper is brazed, and an arc shield 207 is brazed and joined to the distal end side of the connection member 205.
[0068]
In particular, metallized layers 211 and 213 are respectively formed in portions (fixed portions 209) where the upper insulating valve 201 and the lower insulating valve 203 and the connection member 205 are fixed in the same manner as in the first embodiment. Plated layers 215 and 217 are formed on the metallized layers 211 and 213 by Ni plating, respectively.
[0069]
The plated layers 215 and 217 and the connecting member 205 are joined by the brazing materials 219 and 221, respectively, so that both the insulating valves 201 and 203 and the connecting member 205 are joined and integrated.
Note that glaze layers 223 and 225 similar to those of the third embodiment are formed on the outer peripheral surfaces of the both insulating valves 201 and 203, respectively.
[0070]
Also according to this embodiment, the same effects as those of the third embodiment can be obtained.
In this embodiment, a metallized layer 211, a plating layer 215, and a brazing material 219 are provided between the upper insulating valve 201 and the connection member 205, and the metallization is provided between the lower insulating valve 203 and the connection member 205. The layer 213, the plating layer 217, and the brazing material 221 are provided, and thereby the upper insulating valve 201, the connecting member 205, and the lower insulating valve 203 are firmly connected, and high airtightness can be secured.
[0071]
As in the third embodiment, the space between the upper insulating valve 201 and the lower insulating valve 203 and the respective end lids is in the order of the brazing material, the plating layer, and the metallized layer (not shown) from the end lid side. It is arrange | positioned by this, and by this, it joins with high intensity | strength and airtightness is ensured.
[0072]
In addition, this invention is not limited to the said Example at all, and it cannot be overemphasized that it can implement with a various aspect in the range which does not deviate from the summary of this invention.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a main part of a joined body of Example 1 in a cutaway manner.
2 is a perspective view showing a joined body of Example 1. FIG.
3 is an explanatory view showing a method for measuring the bonding strength of the bonded body of Example 1. FIG.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing a principal part of a joined body of Example 2 in a broken state.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing the vacuum switch of Example 3 in a broken state.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing the essential part of the vacuum switch of Example 3 in a cutaway manner.
FIG. 7 is an explanatory view showing the essential part of the vacuum switch of Example 4 in a cutaway manner.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 ... Ceramic material
3 ... Metal member
5, 35, 162, 219, 221 ... Raw material
7, 37 ... joined body
9 ... Ceramic substrate
11 ... Metallized layer
13 ... Plating layer
31 ... 1st ceramic member
33. Second ceramic member
39: First ceramic substrate
41 ... 1st metallization layer
45. Second ceramic substrate
47. Second metallization layer
161, 207 ... Arc shield
101 ... Insulation valve
100, 200 ... Vacuum switch (high load switch)
171, 211, 213 ... Metallized layer
201 ... Upper insulation valve
203 ... Lower insulation valve
205 ... Connection member

Claims (6)

セラミック基体上にメタライズ層を形成したセラミック部材において、
前記メタライズ層は高融点金属のMo又はWを主成分とし、前記セラミック基体に対して反対側の端面を含むように破断した前記メタライズ層の断面の10μm四方の測定範囲における金属成分の面積占有率が45〜75%である部分の割合が、前記メタライズ層の前記断面において80%以上であることを特徴とするセラミック部材。
In a ceramic member having a metallized layer formed on a ceramic substrate,
The metallized layer is mainly composed of refractory metal Mo or W, and the area occupancy ratio of the metal component in the 10 μm square measurement range of the cross-section of the metallized layer fractured so as to include the end surface opposite to the ceramic substrate. The ratio of the part which is 45 to 75% is 80% or more in the said cross section of the said metallization layer, The ceramic member characterized by the above- mentioned .
セラミック基体上にメタライズ層を形成したセラミック部材において、
前記メタライズ層は高融点金属のMo又はWを主成分とし、前記セラミック基体に対して反対側の端面を含むように破断した前記メタライズ層の断面の5μm四方の測定範囲における金属成分の面積占有率が20〜90%である部分の割合が、前記メタライズ層の前記断面において80%以上であることを特徴とするセラミック部材。
In a ceramic member having a metallized layer formed on a ceramic substrate,
The metallized layer is mainly composed of refractory metal Mo or W, and the area occupancy ratio of the metal component in the 5 μm square measurement range of the cross-section of the metallized layer broken so as to include the end face on the opposite side to the ceramic substrate. The ratio of the part which is 20 to 90% is 80% or more in the said cross section of the said metallization layer, The ceramic member characterized by the above- mentioned .
前記請求項1又は2に記載のセラミック部材に、前記メタライズ層及びロー材層を介して、金属部材を接合したことを特徴とする接合体。  A joined body comprising a metal member joined to the ceramic member according to claim 1 or 2 via the metallized layer and the brazing material layer. 前記請求項1又は2に記載のセラミック部材に、前記メタライズ層及びロー材層を介して、他のセラミック部材を接合したことを特徴とする接合体。  3. A bonded body comprising the ceramic member according to claim 1 or 2 bonded to another ceramic member via the metallized layer and the brazing material layer. 前記メタライズ層とロー材層との間に、メッキ層を備えたことを特徴とする前記請求項3又は4に記載の接合体。  The joined body according to claim 3 or 4, wherein a plating layer is provided between the metallized layer and the brazing material layer. 前記請求項3〜5のいずれかの接合体を備えたことを特徴とする真空スイッチ用容器。  A container for a vacuum switch, comprising the joined body according to any one of claims 3 to 5.
JP2001189788A 2001-06-22 2001-06-22 Ceramic member, joined body, and container for vacuum switch Expired - Lifetime JP4428890B2 (en)

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