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JP4430851B2 - Tubular body for sewage purification and sewage purification method using the same - Google Patents
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JP4430851B2 - Tubular body for sewage purification and sewage purification method using the same - Google Patents

Tubular body for sewage purification and sewage purification method using the same Download PDF

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JP4430851B2
JP4430851B2 JP2002123726A JP2002123726A JP4430851B2 JP 4430851 B2 JP4430851 B2 JP 4430851B2 JP 2002123726 A JP2002123726 A JP 2002123726A JP 2002123726 A JP2002123726 A JP 2002123726A JP 4430851 B2 JP4430851 B2 JP 4430851B2
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water
tubular body
sewage
oxygen
photosynthetic bacteria
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JP2003311294A (en
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徹教 井上
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株式会社電業社機械製作所
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/30Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
    • Y02W10/37Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy

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  • Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)
  • Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、富栄養化した水域や、畜産排水等にみられるような汚染された水質を浄化し、有用な資源を回収する汚水浄化用管状体及びそれを用いた汚水浄化方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、ダム湖や貯水池、内湾、漁港等のような強い閉鎖性を示す水域では、富栄養化による水質悪化が大きな問題となっている。また、水道水源となる水域においてもアオコや淡水赤潮の発生が多数報告されていることもあり、市民レベルでの水質への関心は以前とは比較にならないほど高まっている。
富栄養化の原因として、山間部において水域へ流入する落葉の分解や、酪農・畜産からの屎尿排泄等、都市部においては生活排水の流入等による、窒素・リンの水域への過剰な流入が考えられる。これらの水域への流入により、植物プランクトンの異常増殖を促し、それらの死骸(デトリタス)は沈降し、堆積物の有機物含有量を著しく増加させる。この結果、表層の水温上昇、塩水の進入などに伴い密度成層が形成されると、容易に底層部の貧酸素化、無酸素化が起こるようになる。
酸素を含む表層水では、生物化学的反応により、一般的には溶存物質濃度は低い。これに対し、底層水中には溶存物質が高濃度に蓄積しており、底層水質を改善することが非常に重要な課題となっている。
【0003】
従来より、汚水処理方法として深層曝気法や活性汚泥法が一般的に用いられている。深層曝気法には、曝気により直接底層水への酸素溶解を狙う方法と、曝気により成層を破壊し鉛直混合の促進を狙う方法がある。
しかしながら、前者の深層曝気法においては、底層水への酸素供給速度は底層に送り込まれた空気から水への酸素の溶解度に制限されており、十分な酸素供給を実現できていないのが実状である。
後者の深層曝気法においては、曝気の影響する水平範囲は限られるため、水域全体を混合することはほとんど不可能であるという問題がある。
また、両者の深層曝気法ともに、水に比べて圧倒的に密度の小さい空気を底層に送り込む方法を採用しているため、膨大な人工エネルギーを投入しなければならず多大なコストが必要であるだけでなく、多量のエネルギー投入による環境負荷の問題がある。
活性汚泥法等の汚水処理では、処理過程において大量の汚泥等の副産物を生じ、脱水・乾燥等の処理が必要となり、その結果、高コストと高エネルギーを投入しなければならないという問題がある。
【0004】
一方、富栄養化水域において密度成層が形成された場合、稀に躍層付近に光合成細菌が集積することがある。これは、光合成細菌が酸素発生型の光合成を行う植物プランクトン等との競合に弱く、光の十分に届く水表面付近ではその個体数を増やせないこと、躍層付近では底層水中に含まれる高濃度の栄養塩を利用することが可能であること等の理由によるものである。
上記の光合成細菌を用いた汚水浄化方法としては、セラミック担体やゲル状物質に光合成細菌を定着させ個体群の保持を図る方法等がある。
例えば、特開平9−85282号公報には、「寒天ゲルで光合成細菌を固定する、河川、湖沼などの水質改善装置」が開示されている。
特開平9−234482号公報には、「成層した湖沼等の水を鉛直方向に撹拌する、浮上型水質浄化装置及び水質浄化方法」が開示されている。
特開平9−75985号公報には、「多孔質の担体に光合成細菌を付着した、水質浄化装置」が開示されている。
特開平11−289913号公報には、「ファイバーに光合成生物を付着した、養殖用飼育用水の浄化フィルタ及び浄化装置」が開示されている。
【0005】
しかしながら、従来の光合成細菌を用いた汚水浄化方法では、以下の課題を有していた。
特開平9−85282号公報における水質改善装置は、寒天ゲルに光合成細菌を固定するものであるため、1週間から2週間程度の連続稼動でゲルが崩壊し、浄化能が低下するという問題がある。
特開平9−234482号公報における浮上型水質浄化装置は、部分的に光合成細菌を使用するが、窒素、リンを回収することがないので、水域に含まれる窒素、リンの総量は減少しない。このため、装置稼動中においては一時的に水質改善は見られるが、稼動を止めてしばらくすると元に戻るという問題がある。また、浄化に多大なエネルギー投入が必要であり、有価物の回収を行うことができないという問題がある。
特開平9−75985号公報における水質浄化装置は、活性炭等を用いた担体表面から内部に進むにしたがって酸素は消費されて行き、酸素が無くなるところで光合成細菌は活性を持つようになるため、光は大幅に減衰しており(酸素よりも先に光が無くなる)、十分な光合成活性が得られないという問題がある。また、増殖した光合成細菌は水域の食物連鎖に組み込まれるため、水質浄化の役割は果たすが、有価物の回収はできないという問題がある。
特開平11−289913号公報における浄化フィルタ及び浄化装置は、光合成に有利な波長を選択的に照射するものであるが、処理対象が養殖魚の飼育用水であるため、かなりの酸素を含んでおり、このような条件で光合成細菌が発生する可能性はかなり低いという問題がある。酸素を含む水が処理の対象となっているため、嫌気条件下で浄化能を発揮するタイプの光合成細菌の維持は困難である。
【0006】
その他、光合成細菌を用いた従来の汚水浄化方法では、光条件・栄養条件・嫌気好気条件等、光合成細菌の代謝活性にかかわる様々な要素の不均一化が起こり、全ての光合成細菌の有効な活性は期待できないという問題がある。
また、酸素条件をコントロールしたリアクター等の内部に人工的に光照射を行い、酸素・光の条件を整えなければならず、リアクターの設置・汚水発生源からリアクターまでの水の輸送・光源用エネルギーの確保等の必要があり、多大な手間とエネルギーを投入しなければならないという問題がある。
一方、近い将来、資源としての燐は枯渇する可能性が指摘されており、燐の回収等、有効な資源対策が切望されている。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の課題は、富栄養化し貧酸素化あるいは無酸素化した汚濁した水塊を、光合成細菌を付着し育成した管状体内を通過させ、光合成を促進させることにより、水塊内に含まれる汚濁物質を除去するとともに、有用な資源を回収する汚水浄化用管状体を提供すること、及び富栄養化した水域を低コスト且つ低エネルギーで浄化する汚水浄化方法を提供することにある。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記課題を解決するため鋭意検討した結果、光合成微生物は富栄養化水域に見られる植物プランクトンが存在するところでは優占することができないが、植物プランクトンがいない、または少ない状況下(例えば濾過水中等)で光条件が整うと活発な活動を行い、多量の栄養塩を吸収することを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0009】
すなわち、本発明は、以下の[1]〜[10]に記載した事項により特定される。
[1]内壁面の少なくとも一部が光合成微生物付着能を有し、貧酸素化又は無酸素化した汚水の通過により光合成可能な管状体から構成されることを特徴とする汚水浄化用管状体。
[2]管状体の内面の少なくとも一部が、光合成微生物付着能及び光透過性能を有するポリマーであることを特徴とする[1]に記載の汚水浄化用管状体。
[3]ポリマーがガス透過性能を有することを特徴とする[2]に記載の汚水浄化用管状体。
[4]ポリマーがポリテトラフルオロエチレン、ポリ塩化ビニル、シリコン樹脂から選択される少なくとも1種であることを特徴とする[2]又は〔3〕に記載の汚水浄化用管状体。
[5]管状体の断面が円形、多角形又はこれらの組み合わせであることを特徴とする[1]乃至[4]の内いずれか1項に記載の汚水浄化用管状体。
[6][1]乃至[5]の内いずれか1項に記載の管状体に貧酸素化又は無酸素化した汚水を微量酸素の存在下で、通水することを特徴とする汚水浄化方法。
[7]管状体に光合成微生物を付着させた後、汚水を該管状体内に通水することを特徴とする[6]に記載の汚水浄化方法。
[8]汚水を浄化した後、管状体内に付着した有価物を回収することを特徴とする[6]又は[7]に記載の汚水浄化方法。
[9]有価物が燐含有物であることを特徴とする[8]に記載の汚水浄化方法。
[10]汚水が嫌気性汚水であることを特徴とする[6]乃至[9]の内いずれか1項に記載の汚水浄化方法。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
本発明は、現場水域において躍層付近に優占する光合成微生物を、光条件が良好な水表面に設置した汚水浄化用管状体の内壁面に付着させ、競合する植物プランクトンがいない状況下で光合成を行わせ、水中に溶解している高濃度の汚濁物質を除去するとともに、燐含有物等の有価物を回収する。
【0011】
本発明における管状体の材質は、内壁面の少なくとも一部が光合成微生物付着能を有するものであれば、特に限定されるものではないが、管状体の内壁面に凹凸を有する材質にすると、光合成微生物が内壁面に付着しやすく、また付着面積が増大し好ましい。管状体の内面の少なくとも一部が光合成微生物付着能及び光透過性能を有するポリマー、例えば、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、ポリ塩化ビニル、シリコン樹脂、ポリエチレン、ポリスチレン、AS樹脂、ABS樹脂、ポリプロピレン、アクリル樹脂、メタクリル樹脂、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリアミド、ポリカーボネート、ポリアセタール、変性ポリフェニレンエーテル、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ポリフェニレンサルファイド、ポリアリレート、ポリサルホン、ポリエーテルサルホン、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン、ポリエーテルイミド、ポリアミドイミド、液晶ポリマー、ポリイミド、ポリフタルアミド、ポリアクリロニトリル、フッ素樹脂、フェノール樹脂、ユリア樹脂、メラミン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、不飽和ポリエステル、ポリウレタン、ジアリルフタレート樹脂、アルキド樹脂や、ポリ乳酸、ポリヒドロキシ酪酸、ポリカプロラクトン、ポリブチレンサクシネート、ポリエチレンサクシネート、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリウレタン等の生分解性ポリマーの1種又は2種以上を用いると地球規模でのプラスチック廃棄物処理問題を回避する上で好ましい。中でもガス透過性能を有するポリマーが好ましい。但し、汚水から光合成微生物の生育に必要な酸素が供給される場合には、ガス透過性能を有していなくても構わない。
なお、光合成細菌付着能、光透過性能およびガス透過性能は、管状体の内面全面に有する必要はなく、一部であってもよい。
【0012】
ここで、光合成微生物付着能とは、1個以上の光合成微生物が管状体の内壁面に付着する性質をいい、内壁面に凹凸を有すると付着能が高まる。
ガス透過性能とは、管状体の内壁面に付着した光合成微生物が光合成を行う際に必要となる、適切な量の酸素を管状体外側から分子拡散等の過程により供給する性質をいう。
光透過性能とは、管状体の内壁面に付着した光合成微生物が光合成を行うの際に必要な量の光を透過する性質をいう。光合成細菌の代謝活性が最大となる光透過率となる材質が好ましい。例えば、紅色硫黄細菌の場合、代謝活性が最大となる、約5000ルックス以下の光を透過する材質が好ましい。これより強い光は光合成細菌が不活性になる等の障害が生じる恐れがあるので、この場合には、何らかの遮光物を設ける必要がある。
【0013】
本発明に用いる光合成微生物としては、嫌気型の光合成細菌又は嫌気型の光合成微生物が挙げられる。具体的には、光エネルギーを用いて光無機栄養又は光有機栄養によって生育する細菌であり、ロドスピリルム属、ロドシュードモナス属、クロマテウム属、クロロフレクサス属、クロロビウム属等があり、ロドシュードモナス カプスラータ、ロドシュードモナス フィリディス、ロドスピリルムルブラム等が好適に用いられる。例えば、下水汚泥には、ロドシュードモマス属のパルストリス(Joong Kyun Kim, Bum-kyu Lee, Sang-Hee Kim, Jung-Hye Moon, Aquacultural Enginnering, 1999参照)、畜産排水には紅色硫黄細菌(J.L. Sund, C.J. Evenson, K.A. Strevett, R.W. Nairn, D. Athay, E. Trawinski, Journal of Environmental Quality, 2001参照)、海洋にはロードブルム属である非硫黄光合成細菌(Tadashi Matsunaga, Tomoyuki Hatano, Akiyo Yamada, Mitsufumi Matsumoto,Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2000参照)が用いられる。特に、紅色硫黄細菌は、有機化合物を光同化することができ、例えば、脂肪酸、その他の有機酸、第一級アルコール及び第二アルコール、炭水化物、芳香族化合物も同化される。また、これらの光合成細菌は、光同化し得る有機物質のほとんどを同時に呼吸基質として利用できる。また、還元型無機硫黄化合物を用いて光合成独立栄養的に生育することが可能である。これらの光合成細菌は、湖沼等高濃度生息域から採水し、培養、濃縮してもよいが、市販の光合成細菌を用いてもよい。また、光合成細菌を包括固定する担体としては、寒天、カラーギーナン、アルギン酸等の天然高分子ゲル及びポリビニルアルコール、ポリアクリルアミド等の合成高分子ゲルがあるが、光合成細菌その他存在する微生物に対する栄養塩としても利用できる寒天が用いられる。嫌気型の光合成細菌は環境中では、水温成層部等ほとんど光はないが、酸素がごく微量に含まれる場所で生育している。
【0014】
本発明に用いる管状体の形状は、断面が円形、正方形、長方形、菱形、三角形、五角形、六角形等の多角形又はこれらの組み合わせが用いられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。また、管状体の長さは、特に限定されるものではなく、設置場所に応じて適宜変更できる。
【0015】
本発明における汚水としては、貧酸素化又は無酸素化した汚水が用いられ、具体的には、富栄養化した底層水、畜産排水、工場廃水等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。嫌気性汚水であると光合成細菌の代謝活性が促進され好ましい。
ここで、貧酸素化とは、分子状酸素は少量溶存しているが、魚に代表されるような好気的代謝を行う生物が継続的に生育することが困難な程度にまで溶存酸素濃度が減少することをいう。また、無酸素化とは、分子状酸素が欠乏することをいう。
【0016】
本発明における汚水浄化用管状体は、1以上の管状体から構成されるが、その数あるいは配置の仕方は、設置場所に応じて適宜変更される。
本発明の汚水浄化用管状体は、富栄養化した水域や、畜産排水等にみられるような汚染された水質を浄化し、有用な資源を回収する他、養殖生簀との併用等、種々の用途に広く利用される。
【0017】
養殖生簀では、過剰の餌散布および養殖魚の排泄により汚濁物質が生簀直下に堆積し、しばしば周辺の底層水質の悪化が認められる。養殖生簀に本発明に係る管状体を併用すると、特に汚染の著しい養殖生簀直下を中心とした水域の水質改善を行うことができる。
このように、養殖生簀に本発明に係る管状体を併用すると、他の比較的汚染していない水域に設置した場合よりも効率の良い浄化が可能となる。また、養殖生簀と併用することにより、本発明の汚水浄化用管状体によるシステムを別途設置する労力及びコストが削減できる。
【0018】
畜舎から排出された畜産排水は、現状では沈殿池に一定期間滞留させ、上水をそのまま排出していることが多い。ほとんどの場合、沈殿池底層では無酸素化しているので、本発明を応用すれば非常に簡略な設備、低コスト、低環境負荷の浄化システムを構築することが可能となる。
【0019】
以下、本発明の汚水浄化用管状体を用いた汚水浄化方法を説明する。
光条件が良好な水表面に設置した本発明の管状体に、微量酸素の存在下、貧酸素化又は無酸素化した汚水を満たすと、現場水域において躍層付近に優占する光合成微生物が本発明の管状体の内壁面に付着する。
次いで、管状体のガス透過性により管状体周囲から酸素が管状体内へと透過し、光合成微生物の付着している内壁付近が生育に理想的な微好気条件となる。通常、貧酸素化又は無酸素化した汚水(底層水)には、光合成微生物の代謝の基質となる溶存物質が高濃度に蓄積している。
その後、上記のような、競合する植物プランクトンがいない状況下で光合成を行わせ、水中に溶解している高濃度の汚濁物質を除去し、必要に応じて有価物を回収する。
【0020】
ここで、微量酸素とは、本発明に用いる光合成微生物が、光合成の際に必要となる量の酸素をいう。酸素が過剰に存在すると、光合成微生物の光合成活性が低下し、または光合成活性が失われる。
一方、本発明の光合成微生物を担体を用いて固定化させる場合には、管状体に光合成微生物を付着させた後、貧酸素化又は無酸素化した汚水を管状体内に通水する。
【0021】
光合成微生物の付着方法としては、酸素の拡散供給等により、管状体内が光合成微生物の生育に理想的な微好気条件にすることにより、管状体の内壁面に光合成微生物が付着、増殖する方法、担体に固定化させる方法等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。
【0022】
本発明の回収対象の有価物又は汚染物質としては、燐,窒素の他、鉄、銅、亜鉛、ニッケル、マンガン、カドミウム、水銀、アンチモン等の金属、有機スズ化合物(トリブチルスズ化合物、ジブチルスズ化合物、モノブチルスズ化合物、トリフェニルスズ化合物)、フタル酸エステル類、フェノール類(ノニルフェノール、ビスフェノールA)、有機塩素化合物(PCB、ダイオキシン類)等の環境ホルモン、各種抗生物質等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。有価物の回収方法としては、公知のあらゆる方法が用いられ、限定されるものではない。
【0023】
以下、具体的に、本発明の管状体を用いた汚水浄化システムについて、図面を参照しつつ説明する。
(実施の形態1)
図1は富栄養化水域での汚水浄化システムを示す構成図であり、図2は汚水浄化システムの要部概略図である。
【0024】
図1及び図2において、1は汚水浄化システム、2は光合成微生物の一つである紅色硫黄細菌を内壁面に付着・育成させた汚水浄化用管状体、3は汚水浄化用管状体2を設置する浮体、4は密度躍層よりも下層の水を管状体2まで揚水する揚水ポンプ、5は密度躍層よりも下層の水を管状体2まで揚水する揚水パイプ、6は浮体3の水平位置と鉛直位置を調整するワイヤー、8は浄化し資源を回収した後の処理水を再び下層へと送水する送水パイプ、9は浮体3の鉛直位置を調整するおもり、10はアンカー、11は流量を調整するバルブ、12は揚水ポンプ4を駆動する太陽光発電装置である。
【0025】
本システム1において、ワイヤー6は、アンカー10から、浮体3に設置されている滑車を介してぶら下がった状態にあり、ワイヤー6の先端にはおもり9が設けられている。すなわち、ワイヤー6は、浮体3の水平位置と鉛直位置を調整することが可能であり、常に張力がかかった状態にある。また、浮体3は、おもり9による下向きの力、アンカー10からの横向きの力、浮力3による上向きの力によって、釣り合いが保たれるところで静止している。
このため、本システム1の利点は、潮汐等の水位変動に対応できる。例えば、水面が上がるとアンカー10から浮体3までのワイヤー6を伸ばす必要があるが、その分、浮体3から鉛直下向きのワイヤー6によって自動的に調節される。
本システム1においては、富栄養化に伴い貧酸素化又は無酸素化した底層水を対象にしているため、底層水を一時的に浮体にまで揚水し、そこで浄化・資源回収を行い、底層に戻すシステムとなっている。
また、一連の管状体2は浮体3に取り付けられており、また、浮体3は他の構造物等から完全に独立して設置させることが可能なため、任意の水域で使用することが可能である。
本システム1においては、管状体2に用いる光合成微生物は、通常、嫌気的環境下で生息しており、生息条件を満たしている密度躍層よりも下層の水を揚水する必要があるため、揚水ポンプ4及び揚水パイプ5を設置するのが好ましい。
【0026】
以上のように構成された汚水浄化システム1を用いた汚水浄化方法について、以下説明する。
本発明の管状体に、微量酸素の存在下、貧酸素化又は無酸素化した汚水を満たすと、光合成微生物の一つである光合成細菌が本発明の管状体の内壁面に付着する。
次に、有光層(表層付近)に光合成細菌が付着した汚水浄化用管状体2を浮体3上に設置する。その後、管状体2内に処理対象となる嫌気状態の水(底層水)を揚水ポンプ4を用いて移動させる。この時、管状体2の外側と内側の酸素濃度の濃度勾配により、拡散で酸素が管状体2内に供給される。拡散により管状体2の内壁に供給された微量酸素は光合成細菌の代謝活性(光合成)に利用される。この際、管状体2内を流れている処理水中の汚濁物質を、管状体2の内壁に付着した光合成細菌が摂取する。すなわち、内壁面に付着した光合成細菌の光合成作用により、水中に含有されるリン・窒素・重金属などの汚濁物質が同化・吸収され、水質が浄化される。
この結果、処理水の汚濁物質が除去され、管状体2の内壁に付着した光合成細菌の生体内に保持される。この管状体2を回収することで、対象水(水域)から汚濁物質の除去が完了する。なお、光合成細菌は管状体2の内壁に付着させるため、処理水への汚濁物質の回帰を防ぐことが可能となる。
【0027】
このように、管状体2の内壁面には高濃度にリン・窒素・重金属の集積が起こるので、資源回収の点から見ても非常に有利な手段となる。
また、富栄養化した水域での溶存汚濁物質は、光合成細菌へ同化・吸収されるため、光合成細菌による物質同化が効率的におこり、最も効率のよい水質浄化、資源回収が行われる。汚泥やスラリーの発生は無く、これらによる二次的汚染や回収処理の負担も無いため、利用性に優れる。
【0028】
【実施例】
以下、実施例をもって本発明を更に詳細に説明するが、これらの例は単なる実例であって本発明を限定するものではなく、また本発明の範囲を逸脱しない範囲で変更させてもよい。
本実施例において、新しい水質浄化システム構築に向けた基礎研究として、光合成微生物の管状体の壁面付着量、栄養塩吸収速度などの水質浄化能と、管状体の材質、流量、光条件、栄養塩濃度などの環境条件との関係の定量化を確認した。
【0029】
実施例1
連続培養系室内実験により、光合成細菌による栄養塩摂取能の定量化を行った。実験装置を図3に示す。本実験装置は、ペリスターポンプ28により供給水がサンプルコア25内に、サンプルコア25内の直上水がDOの測定と各種溶存物質濃度測定用のサンプルビンに、送られる連続培養系となっている。装置全体を厚手の黒いカーテンのような布で覆い、サンプルコア25を真っ暗な状態にした。これは、泥を採ってきた現場が真っ暗であるので、現場の状況に合わせるためである。
ここで、サンプルコア25とは、現場から採取した泥を入れた内径8.5cmのアクリル樹脂製のパイプであり、堆積物部分と直上水部分からなる。泥入りアクリルパイプを併用することにより、現場の堆積物状の水を擬似的に再現することが可能となる。一方、内壁に光合成細菌を付着させたタイゴンチューブ31(商品名;ノートン社製)は、サンプルコア25あるいは参照コア26の各上端とポンプ28とを接続するラインの水平部分に設置した。
本実験装置は、チューブ31内を流れる水の水質条件(DO濃度、pH等)を定常に保つことができるという点に最大の特徴があり、特定の環境条件の影響のみを抽出して調べることができる。
【0030】
サンプルは、島根県東部に位置する中海湖心より採取した堆積物及び底層水を使用した。供給水には、ワットマンGF/Cを用いて吸引ろ過した底層水を窒素曝気によりDO濃度を0mg/lに調整し用いた。
実験条件としては、サンプルコア25の堆積物部分は暗条件、恒温水槽30中にて約29℃、チューブ31部分は明条件、室温とした。また、光合成細菌の発生、増殖を確実に行うため、堆積物コアを併用した。その結果を図4、図5に示す。
図4、図5より、供給水には高濃度に栄養塩が含まれているが(PO −3−Pは約75μg/l、NH −Nは約150μg/l)、流出水中の栄養塩濃度は極端に減少していることがわかる(PO −3−Pは約45μg/l、NH −Nは約20μg/l)。これは、チューブ内壁に付着した紅色硫黄細菌が行う光合成により摂取された結果と考えられる。
このように、本実施例からは光合成細菌の増殖条件、栄養塩摂取速度などの知見が得られた。また、堆積物が無い条件においても、光合成細菌が発生、増殖可能であるとの結果が得られた。
下記式(1)(数1)により、単位面積当りの紅色硫黄細菌による栄養塩摂取速度を計算した。
【0031】
【数1】

Figure 0004430851
(式中、Rは単位面積当りの紅色硫黄細菌による栄養塩摂取速度、Aはチューブ内面積、Cinは供給水内栄養塩濃度、Coutは流出水内栄養塩濃度、Qは流量を表す)
【0032】
この結果、PO −3−P摂取速度は約10mg/m/day、NH −N摂取速度は約31mg/m/dayと見積もられた。ただし、この計算過程には堆積物からの溶出量が考慮されていないこと、流出水の濃度は極めて低く栄養塩摂取には不利であることなどを考慮すると、真の栄養塩摂取速度を過小評価している可能性が高い。
上記の結果を元にReynolds数を考慮して、直径30cm、長さ10mのチューブを10本用いた場合の年間水処理能力を単純計算すると約8000m/yrとなる。
【0033】
実施例2
各種チューブの空気中での酸素透過係数を求めるための酸素透過実験を室内で行った。
本実施例に用いたチューブは、ビニル(ポリ塩化ビニル)チューブ、シリコン(SR)チューブ、トアロンチューブ(商品名;東亜化学社製)、タイゴンチューブ(商品名;ノートン社製)で行った。尚、トアロンチューブは、PVCと塩素化PE、メタアクリル酸メチルのグラフト重合したものを熱融合したものである。
チューブの大きさは、それぞれ内径4mm、外径6mm、肉厚1mmである。
溶存酸素(DO)透過係数kは、下記式(2)(数2)を用いて計算した。
【0034】
【数2】
Figure 0004430851
(式中、Coutは流出水中のDO濃度、Cinは流入水中のDO濃度、Csatは飽和DO濃度、CはDO透過の対象となるチューブ内のDO濃度(流出水と流入水の平均濃度)、Lはチューブの壁面厚さ、AはDO透過の対象となるチューブの面積、Qは流量を表す)
【0035】
各チューブが室温約15℃の空気中に存在する場合、DO透過係数を表1(表1)に示す。
表1より、酸素透過が小さい順にビニルチューブ、トアロンチューブ、タイゴンチューブ、SRチューブであることがわかった。特にSRチューブの酸素透過率が際立って高かった。
【0036】
実施例3
各チューブが約13℃の水中(DO濃度は飽和)に浸されている場合、DO透過係数を表1(表1)に示す。
表1より、酸素透過が小さい順にビニルチューブ、タイゴンチューブ、トアロンチューブ、SRチューブであることがわかった。特にSRチューブの酸素透過率が際立って高かった。
実施例2と比較すると、タイゴンチューブとトアロンチューブの順位が入れ替わっていた。タイゴンチューブ、SRチューブで小さい値が、トアロンチューブで大きい値が、ビニルチューブで同等の値が得られたが、顕著な差は見られなかった。
実施例2及び実施例3より、チューブが水中にある場合と、空気中にある場合を比較すると、DO透過係数にはそれほど大きな変化は見られなかった。
これにより、光合成細菌を用いた水質浄化施設を設計する際、チューブは空気中、水中のいずれに設置することも可能と考えられる。
【0037】
実施例4
各チューブが約20℃の水中(DO濃度は飽和)に浸されている場合、DO透過係数を表1(表1)に示す。
表1より、酸素透過が小さい順にビニルチューブ、トアロンチューブ、タイゴンチューブ、SRチューブであることがわかった。特にSRチューブの酸素透過率が際立って高かった。
実施例3と比較すると、タイゴンチューブとトアロンチューブの順位が入れ替わっていた。トアロンチューブ以外で大きい値が得られた。
実施例3及び実施例4より、チューブが水中にあるとき、トアロンチューブ以外は水温の増加に伴いDO透過係数が大きくなることがわかる。
【0038】
実施例5
各チューブが約30℃の水中(DO濃度は飽和)に浸されている場合、DO透過係数を表1(表1)に示す。
表1より、酸素透過が小さい順にビニルチューブ、トアロンチューブ、タイゴンチューブ、SRチューブであることがわかった。特にSRチューブの酸素透過率が際立って高かった。
実施例3と比較すると、タイゴンチューブとトアロンチューブの順位が入れ替わっていた。12℃−14℃の水中にある場合とは同じ順番だった。全てのチューブで水温が低い場合よりも大きい値が得られた。
【0039】
【表1】
Figure 0004430851
【0040】
実施例3乃至実施例5より、トアロンチューブ以外は水温の増加に伴うDO透過係数の顕著な増加は見られなかった。しかし、他のチューブに関しては、水温の増加に伴いDO透過係数が高くなる傾向が認められた。
実施例2乃至実施例5より、DO透過係数はシリコンチューブが最も高く、適当な環境条件の設定で、最も高い(光合成細菌による)水質浄化能を発揮する可能性が高いことがわかる。
シリコンチューブの場合、水温の増加に伴いDO透過係数が大きくなった。また光合成細菌の代謝活性は30℃付近で最大となることが多い(R. spheroidesでは30℃が最適生育温度である。「光合成細菌で環境保全」(小林達治 著)参照)。
以上のことから、水温30℃以下の条件では(環境中の海水は水温30℃以下と考えられる)、水温の増加に伴って水質浄化能が伸びる可能性が高いことがわかる。
【0041】
【発明の効果】
本発明の汚水浄化用管状体によれば、富栄養化し貧酸素化あるいは無酸素化した汚濁した水塊を、光合成細菌を付着し育成した管状体内を通過させ、光合成を促進させることにより、容易かつ簡便に、水塊内に含まれる汚濁物質を除去するとともに、有用な資源を回収することができ、新しい水質浄化システムを構築することができる。また、光合成細菌を管状体の内壁面に薄く広く付着させることができるため、光・酸素供給・栄養供給などの諸条件を光合成細菌全体に均一に与えることが可能である。また、1つの最適な条件を整えると、その条件が全ての個体に行き渡るので、すべての光合成細菌個体に対して最適な条件を与えることが容易になり、保持する光合成細菌の水質浄化能を最大限引き出すことが可能となる。また、水処理を行う光合成細菌が管状体の内壁に薄く広がるため、大量の汚泥は発生することなく、管状体内の水を抜くことで簡単に脱水も可能であり、多大な設備、経費や労力を必要としない。更に、現場水域に容易に設置可能で、水の長距離輸送の必要が無く、自然光を使用するので、大きなエネルギーの投入を必要とせず、例えば太陽光発電等で簡易に十分に対応できる。
【0042】
本発明の汚水浄化方法によれば、富栄養化した水域を低コスト且つ低エネルギーで浄化することができる。また、必要な人工的なエネルギーは、底層水を有光層(表層付近)に異動させるためのみであるので、非常に小さなエネルギーの投入のみで稼動可能である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本実施の形態における汚水浄化システムを示す構成図
【図2】本実施の形態における汚水浄化システムの要部概略図
【図3】本発明の実施例1における連続培養系実験装置概略図
【図4】本発明の実施例1における光合成細菌の栄養塩摂取能(PO −3−P)を示すグラフ
【図5】本発明の実施例1における光合成細菌の栄養塩摂取能(NH −N)を示すグラフ
【符号の説明】
1 汚水浄化システム
2 汚水浄化用管状体
3 浮体
4 揚水ポンプ
5 揚水パイプ
6 ワイヤー
8 送水パイプ
9 おもり
10 アンカー
11 バルブ
12 太陽光発電装置
A 密度躍層
21 DOメーター
22 供給タンク(1)
22’ 供給タンク(2)
23 酸素ボンベ
24 窒素ボンベ
25 サンプルコア
26 参照コア
27 DOメーター
28 ポンプ
29 攪拌器
30 恒温水槽
31 チューブ[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a sewage purification tubular body that purifies contaminated water quality such as found in eutrophied water areas and livestock wastewater and collects useful resources, and a sewage purification method using the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, deterioration of water quality due to eutrophication has become a major problem in water areas with strong closing properties such as dam lakes, reservoirs, inner bays, fishing ports and the like. In addition, there are many reports of the occurrence of red sea bream and freshwater red tide in the water area that is the source of tap water, and interest in water quality at the citizen level has increased compared to before.
The cause of eutrophication is the excessive inflow of nitrogen and phosphorus into the water area due to the inflow of domestic wastewater, etc. in urban areas, such as the decomposition of fallen leaves flowing into the water areas in the mountains and excretion of urine from dairy farming and livestock production. Conceivable. The inflow into these waters promotes phytoplankton overgrowth, and their dead bodies (detritus) sink and significantly increase the organic content of the sediment. As a result, when a density stratification is formed as the water temperature of the surface layer rises, the salt water enters, etc., the bottom layer is easily oxygen-depleted and oxygen-free.
In the surface water containing oxygen, the dissolved substance concentration is generally low due to the biochemical reaction. On the other hand, dissolved substances are accumulated at a high concentration in the bottom water, and improving the bottom water quality is a very important issue.
[0003]
Conventionally, a deep layer aeration method or an activated sludge method is generally used as a sewage treatment method. There are two methods of deep aeration: a method that aims to dissolve oxygen directly into the bottom water by aeration and a method that aims to promote vertical mixing by destroying the stratification by aeration.
However, in the former deep layer aeration method, the oxygen supply rate to the bottom layer water is limited by the solubility of oxygen into the water from the air sent to the bottom layer, and in reality it is not possible to realize sufficient oxygen supply. is there.
The latter deep aeration method has a problem that it is almost impossible to mix the entire water area because the horizontal range affected by aeration is limited.
In addition, both deep aeration methods employ a method in which air that is overwhelmingly less dense than water is sent to the bottom layer, which requires enormous artificial energy and enormous costs. In addition, there is a problem of environmental load due to a large amount of energy input.
In the sludge treatment such as the activated sludge method, a large amount of by-products such as sludge is generated in the treatment process, and treatment such as dehydration and drying is required. As a result, there is a problem that high cost and high energy must be input.
[0004]
On the other hand, if density stratification is formed in the eutrophication water area, rarely photosynthetic bacteria may accumulate near the stratum. This is because photosynthetic bacteria are vulnerable to competition with phytoplankton, which performs oxygen-generating photosynthesis, and the population cannot be increased near the water surface where light can reach sufficiently, and the high concentration contained in the bottom water near the rapids This is due to the fact that it is possible to use the nutrient salt of the sardine.
Examples of the method for purifying sewage using the above-described photosynthetic bacteria include a method of establishing the population by fixing the photosynthetic bacteria on a ceramic carrier or a gel-like substance.
For example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-85282 discloses a “water quality improvement device for rivers, lakes, and the like that fixes photosynthetic bacteria with agar gel”.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-234482 discloses a “floating water purification device and water purification method that stirs water in a stratified lake and the like in the vertical direction”.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-75985 discloses a “water purification apparatus in which photosynthetic bacteria are attached to a porous carrier”.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-289913 discloses a “purification filter and purification device for aquaculture rearing water in which photosynthetic organisms are attached to fibers”.
[0005]
However, the conventional sewage purification method using photosynthetic bacteria has the following problems.
The water quality improvement device in JP-A-9-85282 has a problem that the gel collapses during continuous operation for about 1 week to 2 weeks and the purification ability decreases because the photosynthetic bacteria are fixed to the agar gel. .
The floating water purification apparatus in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-234482 partially uses photosynthetic bacteria, but does not recover nitrogen and phosphorus, so the total amount of nitrogen and phosphorus contained in the water area does not decrease. For this reason, while the apparatus is in operation, the water quality is temporarily improved, but there is a problem that it returns to its original state after a while after the operation is stopped. In addition, a large amount of energy is required for purification, and there is a problem that valuable materials cannot be recovered.
In the water purification apparatus disclosed in JP-A-9-75985, oxygen is consumed as it proceeds from the surface of the carrier using activated carbon or the like to the inside, and the photosynthetic bacteria become active where the oxygen disappears. There is a problem that it is greatly attenuated (light is lost before oxygen) and sufficient photosynthetic activity cannot be obtained. In addition, since the propagated photosynthetic bacteria are incorporated into the food chain in the water area, they play a role in water purification, but there is a problem that valuable materials cannot be recovered.
The purification filter and the purification device in JP-A-11-289913 selectively irradiate a wavelength advantageous for photosynthesis, but since the treatment target is aquaculture fish breeding water, it contains a considerable amount of oxygen, There is a problem that the possibility of generating photosynthetic bacteria under such conditions is considerably low. Since water containing oxygen is the object of treatment, it is difficult to maintain a type of photosynthetic bacterium that exhibits purification ability under anaerobic conditions.
[0006]
In addition, conventional sewage purification methods using photosynthetic bacteria cause heterogeneity of various factors related to the metabolic activity of photosynthetic bacteria, such as light conditions, nutrient conditions, and anaerobic aerobic conditions. There is a problem that activity cannot be expected.
In addition, oxygen and light conditions must be adjusted by artificially irradiating the inside of a reactor or the like in which oxygen conditions are controlled, the installation of the reactor, the transportation of water from the sewage generation source to the reactor, and the energy for the light source There is a problem that it is necessary to secure a large amount of labor and energy.
On the other hand, it has been pointed out that phosphorus as a resource may be depleted in the near future, and effective resource measures such as phosphorus recovery are eagerly desired.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to pass a polluted water mass that has been eutrophied and hypoxic or oxygen-free to pass through a tubular body that has been grown by attaching photosynthetic bacteria, and promotes photosynthesis, thereby causing contamination contained in the water mass. An object of the present invention is to provide a sewage purification tubular body that removes substances and recovers useful resources, and to provide a sewage purification method that purifies eutrophied water areas at low cost and with low energy.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors cannot dominate where photosynthetic microorganisms exist in eutrophic waters, but there are no or few phytoplankton. It has been found that under the conditions of light (for example, filtered water) under active light conditions, it performs active activities and absorbs a large amount of nutrient salt, and the present invention has been completed.
[0009]
That is, this invention is specified by the matter described in the following [1]-[10].
[1] A sewage purifying tubular body, characterized in that at least a part of the inner wall surface has a photosynthetic microorganism adhering ability and is composed of a tubular body that is capable of photosynthesis by passing sewage that has been deoxygenated or deoxygenated.
[2] The tubular body for sewage purification according to [1], wherein at least a part of the inner surface of the tubular body is a polymer having photosynthetic microorganism adhesion ability and light transmission performance.
[3] The tubular body for purification of sewage according to [2], wherein the polymer has gas permeation performance.
[4] The tubular body for sewage purification according to [2] or [3], wherein the polymer is at least one selected from polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and silicon resin.
[5] The wastewater purification tubular body according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the tubular body has a circular cross section, a polygonal shape, or a combination thereof.
[6] A method for purifying sewage characterized in that sewage that has been subjected to hypoxia or anoxia in the tubular body according to any one of [1] to [5] is passed in the presence of a trace amount of oxygen. .
[7] The method for purifying sewage according to [6], wherein after the photosynthetic microorganism is attached to the tubular body, the sewage is passed through the tubular body.
[8] The method for purifying sewage according to [6] or [7], wherein after the sewage is purified, valuable materials attached to the tubular body are collected.
[9] The method for purifying sewage according to [8], wherein the valuable material is a phosphorus-containing material.
[10] The method for purifying sewage according to any one of [6] to [9], wherein the sewage is anaerobic sewage.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
The present invention allows photosynthetic microorganisms that dominate in the vicinity of the striking layer in the field water area to adhere to the inner wall surface of the sewage purification tubular body installed on the water surface with good light conditions, and photosynthesis in the absence of competing phytoplankton To remove high-concentration pollutants dissolved in water and collect valuable materials such as phosphorus-containing materials.
[0011]
The material of the tubular body in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as at least a part of the inner wall surface has the ability to adhere to photosynthetic microorganisms. It is preferable because microorganisms easily adhere to the inner wall surface, and the adhesion area increases. A polymer in which at least a part of the inner surface of the tubular body has a photosynthetic microorganism attachment ability and light transmission ability, such as polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl chloride, silicon resin, polyethylene, polystyrene, AS resin, ABS resin, polypropylene, acrylic resin, Methacrylic resin, polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyacetal, modified polyphenylene ether, polybutylene terephthalate, polyphenylene sulfide, polyarylate, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyetheretherketone, polyetherimide, polyamideimide, liquid crystal polymer, polyimide, Polyphthalamide, polyacrylonitrile, fluorine resin, phenol resin, urea resin, melamine resin, epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester One or more biodegradable polymers such as polylactic acid, polyurethane, diallyl phthalate resin, alkyd resin, polylactic acid, polyhydroxybutyric acid, polycaprolactone, polybutylene succinate, polyethylene succinate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyurethane, etc. And is preferable in avoiding the problem of plastic waste disposal on a global scale. Among them, a polymer having gas permeation performance is preferable. However, when oxygen necessary for growth of photosynthetic microorganisms is supplied from sewage, the gas permeation performance may not be provided.
The photosynthetic bacteria attachment ability, light transmission performance, and gas transmission performance do not need to be provided on the entire inner surface of the tubular body, and may be a part thereof.
[0012]
Here, the photosynthetic microorganism adhesion ability refers to the property that one or more photosynthetic microorganisms adhere to the inner wall surface of the tubular body. If the inner wall surface has irregularities, the adhesion ability increases.
The gas permeation performance refers to a property of supplying an appropriate amount of oxygen from the outside of the tubular body through a process such as molecular diffusion, which is necessary when the photosynthetic microorganism attached to the inner wall surface of the tubular body performs photosynthesis.
The light transmission performance refers to a property of transmitting a necessary amount of light when a photosynthetic microorganism attached to the inner wall surface of a tubular body performs photosynthesis. A material having a light transmittance that maximizes the metabolic activity of photosynthetic bacteria is preferred. For example, in the case of red sulfur bacteria, a material that transmits light of about 5000 lux or less that maximizes metabolic activity is preferable. Stronger light may cause problems such as inactivation of photosynthetic bacteria. In this case, it is necessary to provide some kind of light shielding material.
[0013]
Examples of the photosynthetic microorganism used in the present invention include anaerobic photosynthetic bacteria or anaerobic photosynthetic microorganisms. Specifically, it is a bacterium that grows by light inorganic nutrient or photo organic nutrient using light energy, and includes Rhodospirillum genus, Rhodopseudomonas genus, Chromateum genus, Chloroflexus genus, Chlorobium genus, etc. Phyridis, rhodospiryl mulbram and the like are preferably used. For example, for sewage sludge, Rhodopsudomomus puls tris (Joong Kyun Kim, Bum-kyu Lee, Sang-Hee Kim, Jung-Hye Moon, Aquacultural Enginnering,1999(See J.L. Sund, C.J.Evenson, K.A. Strevett, R.W.Nairn, D. Athay, E. Trawinski, Journal of Environmental Quality,2001In the ocean, non-sulfur photosynthetic bacteria (Tadashi Matsunaga, Tomoyuki Hatano, Akiyo Yamada, Mitsufumi Matsumoto, Biotechnology and Bioengineering,2000Reference) is used. In particular, red sulfur bacteria can assimilate organic compounds, such as fatty acids, other organic acids, primary and secondary alcohols, carbohydrates, and aromatic compounds. In addition, these photosynthetic bacteria can use most of the organic substances that can be assimilated simultaneously as a respiratory substrate. Moreover, it is possible to grow by photosynthesis autotrophic using a reduced inorganic sulfur compound. These photosynthetic bacteria may be collected from a high-concentration habitat such as a lake, cultured and concentrated, or commercially available photosynthetic bacteria may be used. In addition, as a carrier for comprehensively immobilizing photosynthetic bacteria, there are natural polymer gels such as agar, coloragenan, and alginic acid, and synthetic polymer gels such as polyvinyl alcohol and polyacrylamide. Available agar is used. Anaerobic photosynthetic bacteria have little light in the environment, such as water temperature stratification, but grow in places where oxygen is contained in a very small amount.
[0014]
As the shape of the tubular body used in the present invention, a cross section having a circular shape, a square shape, a rectangular shape, a rhombus shape, a triangular shape, a polygonal shape such as a pentagonal shape, a hexagonal shape, or a combination thereof is used, but the shape is not limited thereto. Further, the length of the tubular body is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately changed according to the installation location.
[0015]
As the sewage in the present invention, oxygenated or anaerobic sewage is used, and specific examples include eutrophic bottom water, livestock drainage, factory wastewater, etc., but are not limited thereto. Absent. Anaerobic sewage is preferred because it promotes the metabolic activity of photosynthetic bacteria.
Here, hypoxia is a small amount of molecular oxygen dissolved, but the dissolved oxygen concentration is such that it is difficult for an organism that performs aerobic metabolism, such as fish, to continuously grow. Means to decrease. Moreover, oxygen-free means that molecular oxygen is deficient.
[0016]
Although the tubular body for sewage purification in this invention is comprised from 1 or more tubular bodies, the number or the way of arrangement | positioning are suitably changed according to an installation place.
The tubular body for sewage purification according to the present invention purifies contaminated water quality such as that found in eutrophied water areas and livestock wastewater, and collects useful resources. Widely used in applications.
[0017]
In farmed ginger, pollutants accumulate under the ginger due to excessive feeding and excretion of farmed fish, often resulting in deterioration of the surrounding bottom water quality. When the tubular body according to the present invention is used in combination with a cultured ginger, it is possible to improve the water quality of the water area centering directly below the cultured ginger where the contamination is particularly serious.
As described above, when the tubular body according to the present invention is used in combination with the aquaculture ginger, purification can be performed more efficiently than when installed in other relatively uncontaminated water areas. Moreover, the labor and cost which install separately the system by the tubular body for sewage purification of this invention can be reduced by using together with a culture ginger.
[0018]
In many cases, livestock wastewater discharged from a barn is currently retained in a settling basin for a certain period of time, and water is often discharged as it is. In most cases, since the bottom of the sedimentation basin is deoxygenated, the application of the present invention makes it possible to construct a very simple equipment, a low-cost, low environmental load purification system.
[0019]
Hereinafter, the wastewater purification method using the tubular body for wastewater purification of the present invention will be described.
When the tubular body of the present invention installed on the water surface with good light conditions is filled with sewage that has become hypoxic or non-oxygenated in the presence of trace amounts of oxygen, photosynthetic microorganisms that dominate in the vicinity of the striking layer in the field water area It adheres to the inner wall surface of the tubular body of the invention.
Next, due to the gas permeability of the tubular body, oxygen permeates from the periphery of the tubular body into the tubular body, and the vicinity of the inner wall to which the photosynthetic microorganisms adhere is an ideal microaerobic condition for growth. Usually, dissolved oxygen which is a substrate for metabolism of photosynthetic microorganisms is accumulated in high concentration in sewage water (bottom layer water) which has been deoxygenated or deoxygenated.
Thereafter, photosynthesis is carried out in the absence of competing phytoplankton as described above, high-concentration pollutants dissolved in water are removed, and valuable materials are recovered as necessary.
[0020]
Here, the trace amount oxygen means the amount of oxygen required for the photosynthesis by the photosynthetic microorganism used in the present invention. If oxygen is present in excess, the photosynthetic activity of the photosynthetic microorganism is reduced or the photosynthetic activity is lost.
On the other hand, when the photosynthetic microorganisms of the present invention are immobilized using a carrier, the photosynthetic microorganisms are attached to the tubular body, and then the oxygenated or deoxygenated sewage is passed through the tubular body.
[0021]
As a method for attaching photosynthetic microorganisms, a method in which the photosynthetic microorganisms adhere to and proliferate on the inner wall surface of the tubular body by making the tubular body ideal microaerobic conditions for the growth of the photosynthetic microorganisms by diffusion supply of oxygen, etc. Although the method of making it fix | immobilize to a support | carrier etc. is mentioned, it is not limited to these.
[0022]
Valuables or pollutants to be collected in the present invention include phosphorus, nitrogen, metals such as iron, copper, zinc, nickel, manganese, cadmium, mercury, antimony, organotin compounds (tributyltin compounds, dibutyltin compounds, mono Butyltin compounds, triphenyltin compounds), phthalates, phenols (nonylphenol, bisphenol A), organochlorine compounds (PCB, dioxins) and other environmental hormones, and various antibiotics, but are not limited to these It is not something. As a method for recovering valuable materials, any known method is used and is not limited.
[0023]
Hereinafter, the sewage purification system using the tubular body of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings.
(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a sewage purification system in a eutrophication water area, and FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a main part of the sewage purification system.
[0024]
1 and 2, 1 is a sewage purification system, 2 is a sewage purification tubular body in which red sulfur bacteria, one of photosynthetic microorganisms, are attached and grown on the inner wall surface, and 3 is a sewage purification tubular body 2. 4 is a pump for pumping water below the density climbing layer to the tubular body 2, 5 is a pumping pipe for pumping water below the density climbing layer to the tubular body 2, and 6 is a horizontal position of the floating body 3. And a wire that adjusts the vertical position, 8 is a water supply pipe that feeds treated water after purifying and collecting resources back to the lower layer, 9 is a weight for adjusting the vertical position of the floating body 3, 10 is an anchor, and 11 is a flow rate. A valve 12 to be adjusted is a solar power generation device that drives the pumping pump 4.
[0025]
In the present system 1, the wire 6 is hung from the anchor 10 via a pulley installed on the floating body 3, and a weight 9 is provided at the tip of the wire 6. That is, the wire 6 can adjust the horizontal position and the vertical position of the floating body 3 and is always in a tensioned state. Further, the floating body 3 is stationary where the balance is maintained by the downward force by the weight 9, the lateral force from the anchor 10, and the upward force by the buoyancy 3.
For this reason, the advantage of this system 1 can respond to fluctuations in water level such as tides. For example, when the water surface rises, it is necessary to extend the wire 6 from the anchor 10 to the floating body 3, but the amount is automatically adjusted by the wire 6 vertically downward from the floating body 3.
In this system 1, since the bottom layer water that has become hypoxic or anaerobic due to eutrophication is targeted, the bottom layer water is temporarily pumped up to a floating body, where purification and resource recovery are performed. It is a system to return.
In addition, the series of tubular bodies 2 are attached to the floating body 3, and the floating body 3 can be installed completely independently from other structures, so that it can be used in any water area. is there.
In the present system 1, the photosynthetic microorganisms used for the tubular body 2 usually live in an anaerobic environment, and it is necessary to pump water below the density layer that satisfies the habitat conditions. A pump 4 and a pumping pipe 5 are preferably installed.
[0026]
The sewage purification method using the sewage purification system 1 configured as described above will be described below.
When the tubular body of the present invention is filled with sewage that has been hypoxic or non-oxygenated in the presence of trace amounts of oxygen, photosynthetic bacteria that are one of the photosynthetic microorganisms adhere to the inner wall surface of the tubular body of the present invention.
Next, the sewage purification tubular body 2 having photosynthetic bacteria attached to the light layer (near the surface layer) is placed on the floating body 3. Thereafter, anaerobic water (bottom layer water) to be treated is moved into the tubular body 2 using the pumping pump 4. At this time, oxygen is supplied into the tubular body 2 by diffusion due to the concentration gradient of the oxygen concentration outside and inside the tubular body 2. The trace amount of oxygen supplied to the inner wall of the tubular body 2 by diffusion is used for metabolic activity (photosynthesis) of photosynthetic bacteria. At this time, the photosynthetic bacteria attached to the inner wall of the tubular body 2 ingest the pollutant in the treated water flowing in the tubular body 2. That is, due to the photosynthetic action of photosynthetic bacteria attached to the inner wall surface, pollutants such as phosphorus, nitrogen, and heavy metals contained in water are assimilated and absorbed, and the water quality is purified.
As a result, the pollutant of the treated water is removed and held in the living body of photosynthetic bacteria attached to the inner wall of the tubular body 2. By collecting the tubular body 2, removal of the pollutant from the target water (water area) is completed. In addition, since photosynthetic bacteria adhere to the inner wall of the tubular body 2, it becomes possible to prevent the return of pollutants to the treated water.
[0027]
As described above, accumulation of phosphorus, nitrogen, and heavy metals at a high concentration occurs on the inner wall surface of the tubular body 2, which is a very advantageous means from the viewpoint of resource recovery.
In addition, since dissolved pollutants in eutrophied waters are assimilated and absorbed into photosynthetic bacteria, material assimilation by photosynthetic bacteria occurs efficiently, and the most efficient water purification and resource recovery are performed. There is no generation of sludge or slurry, and there is no secondary contamination or burden of recovery processing due to these, so it is excellent in usability.
[0028]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. However, these examples are merely illustrative and do not limit the present invention, and may be modified without departing from the scope of the present invention.
In this example, as basic research for the construction of a new water purification system, water purification ability such as the amount of wall surface of the photosynthetic microorganisms on the wall of the tubular body, the absorption rate of nutrients, the material of the tubular body, flow rate, light conditions, nutrient salts The quantification of the relationship with environmental conditions such as concentration was confirmed.
[0029]
Example 1
Nutrient intake by photosynthetic bacteria was quantified by laboratory experiments in a continuous culture system. The experimental apparatus is shown in FIG. This experimental apparatus is a continuous culture system in which the feed water is sent into the sample core 25 by the peristaltic pump 28, and the water directly above the sample core 25 is sent to the sample bottle for measuring DO and measuring various dissolved substance concentrations. Yes. The entire apparatus was covered with a cloth like a thick black curtain so that the sample core 25 was in a completely dark state. This is because the site where the mud was taken is completely dark, so that it matches the situation of the site.
Here, the sample core 25 is an acrylic resin pipe having an inner diameter of 8.5 cm into which mud collected from the site is placed, and is composed of a deposit portion and a directly water portion. By using mud-containing acrylic pipes in combination, it is possible to simulate the on-site sediment-like water. On the other hand, a Tygon tube 31 (trade name; manufactured by Norton) with photosynthetic bacteria attached to the inner wall was installed in a horizontal portion of a line connecting the upper ends of the sample core 25 or the reference core 26 and the pump 28.
This experimental device has the greatest feature in that the water quality conditions (DO concentration, pH, etc.) of the water flowing in the tube 31 can be kept steady, and only the influence of specific environmental conditions is extracted and examined. Can do.
[0030]
The samples used were sediment and bottom water collected from Lake Nakaumi located in the eastern part of Shimane Prefecture. As the feed water, the bottom layer water suction-filtered using Whatman GF / C was used by adjusting the DO concentration to 0 mg / l by nitrogen aeration.
As experimental conditions, the deposit portion of the sample core 25 was set to a dark condition, about 29 ° C. in the constant temperature water bath 30, the tube 31 portion was set to a bright condition, and room temperature. In addition, a sediment core was used in combination to ensure the generation and growth of photosynthetic bacteria. The results are shown in FIGS.
4 and 5, the feed water contains a high concentration of nutrient salts (PO4 -3-P is about 75 μg / l, NH4 +-N is about 150 μg / l), and the nutrient concentration in the effluent is extremely reduced (PO4 -3-P is about 45 μg / l, NH4 +-N is about 20 μg / l). This is considered to be a result of ingestion by photosynthesis performed by red sulfur bacteria attached to the inner wall of the tube.
Thus, knowledge of the growth conditions of the photosynthetic bacteria, the nutrient intake rate, and the like were obtained from this example. In addition, it was found that photosynthetic bacteria can be generated and propagated even in the absence of sediment.
The nutrient intake rate by the red sulfur bacteria per unit area was calculated by the following formula (1) (Equation 1).
[0031]
[Expression 1]
Figure 0004430851
(In the formula, R is the nutrient intake rate by red sulfur bacteria per unit area, A is the tube area, CinIs the nutrient concentration in the feed water, CoutIs the nutrient concentration in the effluent, and Q is the flow rate)
[0032]
As a result, PO4 -3-P intake rate is about 10 mg / m2/ Day, NH4 +-N intake rate is about 31 mg / m2/ Day. However, this calculation process underestimates the true nutrient intake rate, considering that the amount of elution from the sediment is not taken into account and that the concentration of the effluent is extremely low and disadvantageous for nutrient intake. It is highly possible that
Based on the above results, considering the Reynolds number, a simple calculation of the annual water treatment capacity when using 10 tubes with a diameter of 30 cm and a length of 10 m is about 8000 m.2/ Yr.
[0033]
Example 2
An oxygen permeation experiment was conducted indoors to determine the oxygen permeation coefficient in air of various tubes.
The tubes used in this example were vinyl (polyvinyl chloride) tubes, silicon (SR) tubes, Toaron tubes (trade name; manufactured by Toa Chemical Co., Ltd.), and Tygon tubes (trade name: manufactured by Norton). The Toaron tube is obtained by thermal fusion of graft-polymerized PVC, chlorinated PE, and methyl methacrylate.
The sizes of the tubes are an inner diameter of 4 mm, an outer diameter of 6 mm, and a wall thickness of 1 mm.
The dissolved oxygen (DO) permeability coefficient k was calculated using the following formula (2) (Equation 2).
[0034]
[Expression 2]
Figure 0004430851
(Where CoutIs the DO concentration in the effluent water, CinIs DO concentration in inflow water, CsatIs the saturated DO concentration, C is the DO concentration in the tube subject to DO permeation (average concentration of effluent and influent water), L is the wall thickness of the tube, A is the area of the tube subject to DO permeation, Q Represents the flow rate)
[0035]
When each tube exists in air at room temperature of about 15 ° C., the DO permeability coefficient is shown in Table 1 (Table 1).
From Table 1, it was found that the vinyl tube, the Toaron tube, the Tygon tube, and the SR tube were in order of increasing oxygen permeability. In particular, the oxygen permeability of the SR tube was remarkably high.
[0036]
Example 3
When each tube is immersed in water at about 13 ° C. (DO concentration is saturated), the DO permeability coefficient is shown in Table 1 (Table 1).
From Table 1, it was found that the vinyl tube, Tygon tube, Toaron tube, and SR tube were in order of increasing oxygen transmission. In particular, the oxygen permeability of the SR tube was remarkably high.
Compared with Example 2, the order of the Tygon tube and the Toaron tube was switched. A small value was obtained with the Tygon tube and SR tube, a large value with the Toaron tube, and an equivalent value with the vinyl tube, but no significant difference was found.
From Example 2 and Example 3, comparing the case where the tube was in water with the case where it was in air, there was no significant change in the DO permeability coefficient.
Thus, when designing a water purification facility using photosynthetic bacteria, it is considered that the tube can be installed either in the air or in water.
[0037]
Example 4
When each tube is immersed in water at about 20 ° C. (DO concentration is saturated), the DO permeability coefficient is shown in Table 1 (Table 1).
From Table 1, it was found that the vinyl tube, the Toaron tube, the Tygon tube, and the SR tube were in order of increasing oxygen permeability. In particular, the oxygen permeability of the SR tube was remarkably high.
Compared with Example 3, the order of the Tygon tube and the Toaron tube was switched. Large values were obtained except for Toaron tubes.
From Example 3 and Example 4, it can be seen that when the tube is in water, the DO permeability coefficient increases as the water temperature increases except for the Toaron tube.
[0038]
Example 5
When each tube is immersed in water at about 30 ° C. (DO concentration is saturated), the DO permeability coefficient is shown in Table 1 (Table 1).
From Table 1, it was found that the vinyl tube, the Toaron tube, the Tygon tube, and the SR tube were in order of increasing oxygen permeability. In particular, the oxygen permeability of the SR tube was remarkably high.
Compared with Example 3, the order of the Tygon tube and the Toaron tube was switched. The order was the same as in 12 ° C-14 ° C water. Larger values were obtained in all tubes than when the water temperature was low.
[0039]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004430851
[0040]
From Examples 3 to 5, there was no significant increase in the DO permeability coefficient accompanying the increase in water temperature except for the Toaron tube. However, with respect to other tubes, the DO permeability coefficient tended to increase with increasing water temperature.
From Examples 2 to 5, it can be seen that the DO permeability coefficient is the highest in the silicon tube, and the possibility of exhibiting the highest water purification ability (by the photosynthetic bacteria) is high under the setting of appropriate environmental conditions.
In the case of a silicon tube, the DO permeability coefficient increased as the water temperature increased. In addition, the metabolic activity of photosynthetic bacteria is often maximized at around 30 ° C (30 ° C is the optimal growth temperature for R. spheroides. See "Environmental conservation with photosynthetic bacteria" (written by Tatsuharu Kobayashi)).
From the above, it can be seen that, under conditions where the water temperature is 30 ° C. or less (the seawater in the environment is considered to be 30 ° C. or less), the water purification capability is likely to increase as the water temperature increases.
[0041]
【The invention's effect】
According to the tubular body for purification of sewage of the present invention, the contaminated water mass that has been eutrophied and hypoxic or non-oxygenated is passed through a tubular body that has been grown by adhering photosynthetic bacteria, thereby facilitating photosynthesis. In addition, the pollutant contained in the water mass can be easily removed and useful resources can be recovered, and a new water purification system can be constructed. In addition, since the photosynthetic bacteria can be attached thinly and widely to the inner wall surface of the tubular body, it is possible to uniformly give various conditions such as light, oxygen supply, and nutrient supply to the entire photosynthetic bacteria. In addition, when one optimum condition is prepared, the condition is distributed to all individuals, so that it is easy to give optimum conditions to all photosynthetic bacteria individuals, and the water purification capacity of the photosynthetic bacteria to be retained is maximized. It is possible to draw out the limit. In addition, since the photosynthetic bacteria that perform water treatment spread thinly on the inner wall of the tubular body, a large amount of sludge is not generated, and it can be easily dehydrated by draining water from the tubular body. Do not need. Furthermore, since it can be easily installed in the water area of the site, there is no need for long-distance transportation of water, and natural light is used, it is not necessary to input a large amount of energy.
[0042]
According to the sewage purification method of the present invention, the eutrophied water area can be purified at low cost and with low energy. Further, since the necessary artificial energy is only for transferring the bottom layer water to the light layer (near the surface layer), it can be operated only by inputting a very small amount of energy.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing a sewage purification system in the present embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a main part of a sewage purification system in the present embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a continuous culture system experimental apparatus in Example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 shows nutrient intake (PO) of photosynthetic bacteria in Example 1 of the present invention.4 -3-P)
[Fig. 5] Nutrient intake capacity (NH) of photosynthetic bacteria in Example 1 of the present invention.4 +-N)
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Wastewater purification system
2 Tubular body for sewage purification
3 Floating body
4 pumping pump
5 Pumping pipe
6 wires
8 Water pipe
9 Weight
10 Anchor
11 Valve
12 Solar power generator
A density
21 DO meter
22 Supply tank (1)
22 'supply tank (2)
23 Oxygen cylinder
24 Nitrogen cylinder
25 sample core
26 Reference core
27 DO meter
28 Pump
29 Stirrer
30 water bath
31 tubes

Claims (7)

光透過性能及びガス透過性能を有するポリマーからなる管状体の内壁面の少なくとも一部嫌気性の光合成細菌又は嫌気性の光合成微生物付着させ、該管状体に貧酸素化又は無酸素化した汚水通過させて酸素を拡散供給しつつ光合成させることを特徴とする汚水浄化システム Light transmission performance and at least a portion of the inner wall surface of the tubular body made of a polymer having a gas permeability to adhere anaerobic photosynthetic bacteria or anaerobic photosynthetic microorganisms, hypoxic or non-oxygenated wastewater to the tubular body sewage purification system, characterized in that the by passing to photosynthesis while spreading supplying oxygen. ポリマーがポリテトラフルオロエチレン、ポリ塩化ビニル、シリコン樹脂から選択される少なくとも1種であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の汚水浄化システムThe sewage purification system according to claim 1, wherein the polymer is at least one selected from polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and silicon resin. 管状体の断面が円形、多角形又はこれらの組み合わせであることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の汚水浄化システムThe sewage purification system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cross section of the tubular body is circular, polygonal, or a combination thereof. 内壁面の少なくとも一部に嫌気性の光合成細菌又は嫌気性の光合成微生物を付着した、光透過性能及びガス透過性能を有するポリマーからなる管状体に、貧酸素化又は無酸素化した汚水を微量酸素の存在下で、通水することを特徴とする汚水浄化方法。  Traces of oxygen-depleted or oxygen-free sewage are added to a tubular body made of a polymer with light-transmitting performance and gas-permeating performance, with anaerobic photosynthetic bacteria or anaerobic photosynthetic microorganisms attached to at least part of the inner wall. A method for purifying sewage characterized by passing water in the presence of water. 汚水を浄化した後、管状体内に付着した有価物を回収することを特徴とする請求項4に記載の汚水浄化方法。  5. The method for purifying sewage according to claim 4, wherein valuable materials attached to the tubular body are collected after the sewage is purified. 有価物が燐含有物であることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の汚水浄化方法。  6. The method for purifying sewage according to claim 5, wherein the valuable material is a phosphorus-containing material. 汚水が嫌気性汚水であることを特徴とする請求項4乃至6の内いずれか1項に記載の汚水浄化方法。  The sewage purification method according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the sewage is anaerobic sewage.
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