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JP4453387B2 - Fuel cell separator - Google Patents
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JP4453387B2 - Fuel cell separator - Google Patents

Fuel cell separator Download PDF

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JP4453387B2
JP4453387B2 JP2004039728A JP2004039728A JP4453387B2 JP 4453387 B2 JP4453387 B2 JP 4453387B2 JP 2004039728 A JP2004039728 A JP 2004039728A JP 2004039728 A JP2004039728 A JP 2004039728A JP 4453387 B2 JP4453387 B2 JP 4453387B2
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separator
seal groove
flow path
anode
cathode
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JP2005235417A (en
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茂高 上原
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Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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Description

本発明は、燃料電池セル用セパレータ、特に燃料電池セル用セパレータのシール構造に関する。   The present invention relates to a separator for a fuel cell, and more particularly to a seal structure for a separator for a fuel cell.

燃料電池セル用セパレータは平板状で、一面に燃料ガスまたは酸化剤ガスの流路が形成され、他面に冷却水流路が形成される。さらにこれら流体の流路を取り囲むようにシール溝が形成され、シール溝にシールが形成されることで流体が外部に漏洩しないようにシール性が確保されている。   The fuel cell separator is flat and has a flow path for fuel gas or oxidant gas formed on one surface and a cooling water flow path formed on the other surface. Further, a seal groove is formed so as to surround these fluid flow paths, and a seal is secured in the seal groove so that the fluid does not leak to the outside.

従来、燃料電池セル用セパレータのシール構造として、膜・電極接合体を挟み込むセパレータを積層し、前述の流路を互いに連通するように貫通孔（空間部）を設け、この貫通孔にゴム等よりなる成形材を注入成形することによってシールを一体成形する技術がある（特許文献１参照）。
特開２００１−３３８６７３号公報 Conventionally, as a sealing structure of a fuel cell separator, a separator sandwiching a membrane / electrode assembly is laminated, and a through hole (space portion) is provided so as to communicate with the above-mentioned flow path. There is a technique for integrally molding a seal by injection molding a molding material (see Patent Document 1).
JP 2001-338673 A

しかしながら、従来技術では、貫通孔がシール溝の中央に位置するため、貫通孔を有さない他の領域のシールと貫通孔を有する領域のシールの変形率（圧縮率）が異なり、貫通孔を有する領域のシールからセパレータに供給される流体が漏洩するという問題があった。   However, in the prior art, since the through hole is located at the center of the seal groove, the seal deformation rate (compression ratio) of the seal in the other region having no through hole and the seal in the region having the through hole is different. There has been a problem that the fluid supplied to the separator leaks from the seal in the area that it has.

また、膜・電極接合体を挟み込むセパレータ間のシールを同時成形した場合には、合わせ面の隙間によりヒケ等の変形が生じやすく、この変形により供給される流体が漏洩する恐れがある。   Further, when the seal between the separators sandwiching the membrane / electrode assembly is simultaneously formed, deformation such as sink marks is likely to occur due to the gap between the mating surfaces, and the fluid supplied by this deformation may leak.

そこで、本発明は、シール性を向上した燃料電池セル用セパレータを提供することを目的とする。   Then, an object of this invention is to provide the separator for fuel cells which improved the sealing performance.

本発明は、燃料電池セルにおいて、アノード側セパレータとカソード側セパレータの一面に、燃料ガス流路または酸化剤ガス流路をそれぞれ取り囲むように電極側シール溝を備えるとともに、前記セパレータの冷媒流路を設けた背面に、冷媒流路を取り囲むようにセパレータ側シール溝を備え、前記アノード側セパレータと前記カソード側セパレータの前記背面を相対して積層した状態で、前記電極側シール溝間を前記セパレータ側シール溝を通じて連通する貫通孔を設け、前記電極側シール溝と前記セパレータ側シール溝と前記貫通孔に弾性材を注入してシール部材を形成し、前記貫通孔は、前記膜・電極接合体に接触する前記シール部材のリップ部の中心に対して前記シール溝の幅方向にオフセットして形成される。   According to the present invention, in the fuel cell, on one surface of the anode side separator and the cathode side separator, an electrode side seal groove is provided so as to surround each of the fuel gas flow path or the oxidant gas flow path, and the refrigerant flow path of the separator is provided. A separator-side seal groove is provided on the provided back surface so as to surround the refrigerant flow path, and the separator-side seal groove is provided between the electrode-side seal grooves in a state where the anode-side separator and the cathode-side separator are stacked oppositely. A through hole communicating with the seal groove is provided, and an elastic material is injected into the electrode side seal groove, the separator side seal groove, and the through hole to form a seal member, and the through hole is formed in the membrane-electrode assembly. The seal member is formed so as to be offset in the width direction of the seal groove with respect to the center of the lip portion of the seal member.

本発明においては、アノード側セパレータとカソード側セパレータのシール溝を貫通する貫通孔を形成し、このシール溝と貫通孔に弾性材を注入してシール部材を一体的に形成したため、各セパレータを一体的に固定できるとともに、シール部材のリップ部の中心と貫通孔の中心とをシール溝の幅方向でオフセットしたので、シール部材の変形率のバラツキを抑制し、シール性を向上することができる。   In the present invention, a through-hole penetrating the seal groove of the anode-side separator and the cathode-side separator is formed, and an elastic material is injected into the seal groove and the through-hole so that the seal member is integrally formed. Since the center of the lip portion of the seal member and the center of the through hole are offset in the width direction of the seal groove, variations in the deformation rate of the seal member can be suppressed and the sealing performance can be improved.

図１と図２は、本発明のセパレータを用いた単セルの断面を示す図である。図２は、図１のＡ部拡大図である。単セルは、固体高分子電解質膜１００と、電解質膜１００を挟持するアノード１とカソード２からなる膜・電極接合体２００と、アノード１に燃料ガスを、カソード２に酸素を供給するための流路を形成したアノードセパレータ３、及びカソードセパレータ４とから構成される。単セルを積層することで燃料電池スタックが形成される。   1 and 2 are views showing a cross section of a single cell using the separator of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of part A in FIG. The single cell includes a solid polymer electrolyte membrane 100, a membrane / electrode assembly 200 composed of an anode 1 and a cathode 2 sandwiching the electrolyte membrane 100, a flow for supplying fuel gas to the anode 1 and oxygen to the cathode 2. The anode separator 3 and the cathode separator 4 are formed with a passage. A fuel cell stack is formed by stacking single cells.

図３は、各セパレータに形成される流路の形状およびシール溝の形状を説明する図である。図１から図３に示すように、アノード１に面したアノードセパレータ３の面３ｂには、燃料ガスの流路５が形成され、図３のａ−１に示すように燃料ガス流路５は櫛状に形成される。一方、カソード２に面したカソードセパレータ４の面４ｂには酸化剤、例えば酸素の流路６が形成され、図３のｂ−１に示すように酸素流路５は櫛状に形成される。さらに、図３のａ−２、ｂ−２に示す、アノードセパレータ３とカソードセパレータ４の他方の面３ａ、４ａには、単セルを冷却するための冷却水流路７が櫛状に形成されている。そして、各セパレータ３、４には、前述の３つ流路５、６、７に連通し、それぞれ異なるガス等を供給あるいは排出するための出入口流路５ａ、６ａ、７ａがセルの積層方向に貫通して形成される。   FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the shape of the flow path and the shape of the seal groove formed in each separator. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, a fuel gas flow path 5 is formed on the surface 3b of the anode separator 3 facing the anode 1, and the fuel gas flow path 5 is formed as shown in a-1 of FIG. It is formed in a comb shape. On the other hand, on the surface 4b of the cathode separator 4 facing the cathode 2, an oxidant, for example, oxygen flow path 6 is formed, and the oxygen flow path 5 is formed in a comb shape as shown by b-1 in FIG. Further, on the other surfaces 3a and 4a of the anode separator 3 and the cathode separator 4 shown in a-2 and b-2 of FIG. 3, cooling water flow paths 7 for cooling the single cells are formed in a comb shape. Yes. The separators 3 and 4 communicate with the three flow paths 5, 6, and 7, and have inlet / outlet flow paths 5 a, 6 a, and 7 a for supplying or discharging different gases in the cell stacking direction. It is formed through.

燃料ガスまたは酸素流路が形成されたアノード側の面３ｂ、カソード側の面４ｂには、形成された流路５、６の外側を取り囲むようにセパレータの縁部に電極側シール溝８ｂが形成される。一方、アノードセパレータ３のセパレータ側の面３ａには、冷却水流路７を取り囲むように縁部にセパレータ側シール溝８ａが形成される。セパレータ側シール溝８ａと電極側シール溝８ｂには、各流路を流通する流体が外部に漏洩しないように、あるいは、他の流路中に漏洩しないように後述の如く一体的なシール部材９が形成される。シール部材９は弾性材からなり、例えばゴム材や樹脂材で形成される。なお、セパレータ側シール溝８ａと電極側シール溝８ｂとの溝中心は、同じとして実施例では説明するが、後述する貫通孔１０を形成できる範囲でオフセットしても良い。   On the anode side surface 3b and the cathode side surface 4b on which the fuel gas or oxygen channel is formed, an electrode side seal groove 8b is formed at the edge of the separator so as to surround the outside of the formed channels 5 and 6. Is done. On the other hand, a separator-side seal groove 8 a is formed at the edge of the anode-side separator 3 on the separator-side surface 3 a so as to surround the cooling water flow path 7. The separator-side seal groove 8a and the electrode-side seal groove 8b have an integral seal member 9 as described later so that fluid flowing through each flow path does not leak to the outside or leak into other flow paths. Is formed. The seal member 9 is made of an elastic material, and is formed of, for example, a rubber material or a resin material. In addition, although the groove | channel center of the separator side seal groove 8a and the electrode side seal groove 8b is demonstrated in an Example as the same, you may offset within the range which can form the through-hole 10 mentioned later.

次にセパレータの断面を示す図４を用いて、セパレータ３、４のシール部材９について説明する。図４において、（ａ）図は、シール溝部８の一般形状断面を示しており（図３のＢ−Ｂ断面）、金型１１、１２に収装された状態を示す。（ｂ）図は、セパレータ３とセパレータ４とを一体的に固定するために積層方向に貫通した貫通孔１０を横断する断面（図３のＡ−Ａ断面）を示す。貫通孔１０は、図３に示すようにシール溝８ａ、８ｂの長さ方向に所定間隔に形成される。   Next, the sealing member 9 of the separators 3 and 4 will be described with reference to FIG. 4 showing a cross section of the separator. 4A shows a general cross section of the seal groove portion 8 (BB cross section of FIG. 3), and shows a state where the seal groove portion 8 is housed in the molds 11 and 12. FIG. (B) The figure shows the cross section (AA cross section of FIG. 3) which crosses the through-hole 10 which penetrated in the lamination direction in order to fix the separator 3 and the separator 4 integrally. The through holes 10 are formed at predetermined intervals in the length direction of the seal grooves 8a and 8b as shown in FIG.

図４（ｂ）によると、セパレータ３、４の冷却水流路７が形成された面３ａ、４ａを対面した状態で積層し、セパレータ側シール溝８ａとを電極側シール溝８ｂと連通する貫通孔１０を形成する。前述のように貫通孔１０はシール溝の長さ方向に所定間隔で形成される。そして、（ａ）図に示すように金型１１、１２内に設置された状態で、電極側シール溝８ｂから弾性材がセパレータ側シール溝８ａと貫通孔１０に注入されることにより、シール部材９が形成され、シール部材９によりセパレータ３、４は一体的に固定される。   According to FIG. 4B, the separators 3 and 4 are laminated with the surfaces 3a and 4a on which the cooling water flow paths 7 are formed facing each other, and the separator side seal groove 8a communicates with the electrode side seal groove 8b. 10 is formed. As described above, the through holes 10 are formed at predetermined intervals in the length direction of the seal groove. Then, as shown in (a), the elastic member is injected into the separator-side seal groove 8a and the through-hole 10 from the electrode-side seal groove 8b in a state of being installed in the molds 11 and 12, thereby the seal member. 9 is formed, and the separators 3 and 4 are integrally fixed by the seal member 9.

板状の２枚のセパレータ３、４がシール部材９により一体的に固定されるため、セパレータの剛性が向上し、製造工程での取り扱いが容易となる。また、セパレータ３、４をシール部材９により一体的に形成するために、セパレータ側の面３ａと面４ａと接着する必要がなく、製造工程の削減し、コストを低減することができる。   Since the two plate-like separators 3 and 4 are integrally fixed by the seal member 9, the rigidity of the separator is improved and the handling in the manufacturing process is facilitated. Further, since the separators 3 and 4 are integrally formed by the seal member 9, it is not necessary to bond the separator-side surface 3a and the surface 4a, and the manufacturing process can be reduced and the cost can be reduced.

（ａ）図に示すように、アノード側の面３ｂまたはカソード側の面４ｂの電極側シール溝８ｂに形成される電極側シール部材９ｂは、電極側シール溝８ｂの略中央部に位置するシール部材９ｂのリップ部９ｃが面３ｂ、４ｂより電極側に突出して形成される。そしてアノード１またはカソード２に接触して図２に示すように変形してシール性を確保し、アノード１またはカソード２に供給される流体が電極１、２とセパレータ３、４との間から外部に漏洩しないようにシールする。   (A) As shown in the figure, the electrode-side seal member 9b formed in the electrode-side seal groove 8b on the anode-side surface 3b or the cathode-side surface 4b is a seal located at a substantially central portion of the electrode-side seal groove 8b. The lip portion 9c of the member 9b is formed so as to protrude from the surfaces 3b and 4b to the electrode side. Then, it contacts with the anode 1 or the cathode 2 to be deformed as shown in FIG. 2 to ensure the sealing property, and the fluid supplied to the anode 1 or the cathode 2 is externally provided between the electrodes 1 and 2 and the separators 3 and 4. Seal to prevent leakage.

ここで、上記した貫通孔１０は、図４（ｂ）に示すように電極側シール部材９ｂのリップ部９ｃ中心に対して電極側シール溝８ｂの幅方向にオフセットした位置に形成されており、貫通孔１０の形成に伴う電極側シール部材９ｂの変形率が他のシール部材の変形率と異なることを抑制でき、電極側シール部材９ｂからの流体の外部への漏洩を防止できる。   Here, the above-described through-hole 10 is formed at a position offset in the width direction of the electrode-side seal groove 8b with respect to the center of the lip portion 9c of the electrode-side seal member 9b as shown in FIG. It can suppress that the deformation rate of the electrode side sealing member 9b accompanying formation of the through-hole 10 differs from the deformation rate of another sealing member, and can prevent the fluid from the electrode side sealing member 9b from leaking outside.

セパレータ３の面３ａには、セパレータ側シール溝８ａが凹状に形成されており、一方、相対するセパレータ４の面４ａにはセパレータ３のセパレータ側シール溝８ａ内に突出するようにリブ１３が形成される。リブ１３はセパレータ側シール溝８ａの側壁８ｃの近傍に形成されている。ここで、リブ１３は、セパレータ側シール溝８ａの底面８ｄと所定間隔離れて形成されることで、リブ１３と側壁８ｃとの間の空間にもシール部材９ａを形成する弾性材が注入される。従って、セパレータ側シール溝８ａ内にシール部材９ａを形成する弾性材が注入された後に、弾性材が収縮して、いわゆるヒケを生じてもリブ１３に弾性材が固着してヒケが抑制され、ヒケに起因する流体の漏洩を防止することができる。   A separator-side seal groove 8 a is formed in a concave shape on the surface 3 a of the separator 3, while a rib 13 is formed on the surface 4 a of the opposing separator 4 so as to protrude into the separator-side seal groove 8 a of the separator 3. Is done. The rib 13 is formed in the vicinity of the side wall 8c of the separator-side seal groove 8a. Here, the rib 13 is formed at a predetermined distance from the bottom surface 8d of the separator-side seal groove 8a, so that an elastic material that forms the seal member 9a is also injected into the space between the rib 13 and the side wall 8c. . Therefore, after the elastic material forming the seal member 9a is injected into the separator-side seal groove 8a, the elastic material contracts, and even if a so-called sink occurs, the elastic material adheres to the rib 13 and the sink is suppressed. Fluid leakage due to sink marks can be prevented.

図４（ｃ）は、セパレータ側シール溝８ａに注入される弾性材の逃げ溝１４をセパレータ側シール溝８ａに連通して形成した構成である。セパレータ３のセパレータ側シール溝８ａの側壁８ｃに対向する位置に凹状の逃げ溝１４が形成される。逃げ溝１４には、シール部材９を形成する弾性材の余分な弾性材が注入される。このような逃げ溝１４を設けたことにより、セパレータ３とセパレータ４との間のパーティング部に弾性材が漏れることがない。   FIG. 4C shows a configuration in which a relief groove 14 of an elastic material injected into the separator-side seal groove 8a is formed so as to communicate with the separator-side seal groove 8a. A concave relief groove 14 is formed at a position facing the side wall 8 c of the separator-side seal groove 8 a of the separator 3. Excess elastic material that forms the seal member 9 is injected into the escape groove 14. By providing such a relief groove 14, the elastic material does not leak into the parting portion between the separator 3 and the separator 4.

本発明は、燃料電池セルのシール性を向上でき、燃料電池スタックを備えた燃料電池車両に有用である。   INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can improve the sealing performance of fuel cells and is useful for a fuel cell vehicle equipped with a fuel cell stack.

本発明を適用した単セルの断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the single cell to which this invention is applied. シール部材の詳細構成を説明する断面図である。It is sectional drawing explaining the detailed structure of a sealing member. 流路の形状を説明する構成図である。It is a block diagram explaining the shape of a flow path. シール溝の詳細形状を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the detailed shape of a seal groove.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ アノード
２ カソード
３ アノード側セパレータ
４ カソード側セパレータ
５ 燃料ガス流路
６ 酸素流路
７ 冷却水流路
８ シール溝
８ａ セパレータ側シール溝
８ｂ 電極側シール溝
８ｃ 側壁
８ｄ 底面
９ シール部材
９ａ セパレータ側シール部材
９ｂ 電極側シール部材
９ｃ リップ部
１０ 貫通孔
１１、１２ 金型
１３ リブ
１４ 逃げ溝 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Anode 2 Cathode 3 Anode side separator 4 Cathode side separator 5 Fuel gas flow path 6 Oxygen flow path 7 Cooling water flow path 8 Seal groove 8a Separator side seal groove 8b Electrode side seal groove 8c Side wall 8d Bottom face 9 Seal member 9a Separator side seal member 9b Electrode side sealing member 9c Lip part 10 Through hole 11, 12 Mold 13 Rib 14 Escape groove

Claims (3)

固体高分子電解質膜と、この固体高分子電解質膜を挟持するアノード及びカソードとからなる膜・電極接合体と、前記アノードに対面した一面に燃料ガス流路を設けたアノード側セパレータと、前記カソードに対面した一面に酸化剤ガス流路を設けたカソード側セパレータと、からなり、前記アノード側セパレータと前記カソード側セパレータの前記一面の背面の少なくとも一方に、冷媒流路を設けた燃料電池セルにおいて、前記アノード側セパレータと前記カソード側セパレータの前記一面に、前記燃料ガス流路または前記酸化剤ガス流路をそれぞれ取り囲むように電極側シール溝を備えるとともに、前記セパレータの冷媒流路を設けた前記背面に、前記冷媒流路を取り囲むようにセパレータ側シール溝を備え、前記アノード側セパレータと前記カソード側セパレータの前記背面を相対して積層した状態で、前記電極側シール溝間を前記セパレータ側シール溝を通じて連通する貫通孔を設け、前記電極側シール溝と前記セパレータ側シール溝と前記貫通孔に弾性材を注入してシール部材を形成し、前記貫通孔は、前記膜・電極接合体に接触する前記シール部材のリップ部の中心に対して前記シール溝の幅方向にオフセットして形成されることを特徴とする燃料電池セル用セパレータ。   A membrane / electrode assembly comprising a solid polymer electrolyte membrane, an anode and a cathode sandwiching the solid polymer electrolyte membrane, an anode-side separator provided with a fuel gas flow channel on one side facing the anode, and the cathode A cathode separator having an oxidant gas flow path provided on one side thereof facing the fuel cell, wherein a fuel flow path is provided on at least one of the back side of the one side of the anode side separator and the cathode side separator. The one surface of the anode-side separator and the cathode-side separator is provided with an electrode-side seal groove so as to surround the fuel gas flow path or the oxidant gas flow path, and the separator coolant flow path is provided. A separator-side seal groove is provided on a back surface so as to surround the refrigerant flow path, and the anode-side separator is provided. In the state where the back surface of the cathode side separator is laminated relatively, a through hole is provided to communicate between the electrode side seal grooves through the separator side seal groove, and the electrode side seal groove, the separator side seal groove, and the through hole are provided. A seal member is formed by injecting an elastic material into the hole, and the through hole is formed by offsetting in the width direction of the seal groove with respect to the center of the lip portion of the seal member that contacts the membrane / electrode assembly. A fuel cell separator. 前記背面の一方に、前記背面の他方に形成された前記セパレータ側シール溝内に突出するリブを形成したことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の燃料電池セル用セパレータ。   2. The fuel cell separator according to claim 1, wherein a rib projecting into the separator-side seal groove formed on the other of the back surfaces is formed on one of the back surfaces. 前記セパレータの冷媒流路を設けた背面に前記セパレータ側シ−ル溝に開口する凹部を設けたことを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載の燃料電池セル用セパレータ。 Fuel cell separator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a recess opening into Le groove - the separator side to the back in which a refrigerant flow path of the separator.
JP2004039728A 2004-02-17 2004-02-17 Fuel cell separator Expired - Fee Related JP4453387B2 (en)

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JPS5975578A (en) * 1982-10-22 1984-04-28 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Stack type fuel cell
JPH11179755A (en) * 1997-12-19 1999-07-06 Mitsubishi Plastics Ind Ltd Method for producing silicone resin-metal composite
JP2000012067A (en) * 1998-06-18 2000-01-14 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell
DE19908555A1 (en) * 1999-02-27 2000-09-28 Freudenberg Carl Fa Sealing arrangement for large thin parts
JP4066117B2 (en) * 1999-06-11 2008-03-26 Ｎｏｋ株式会社 Gasket for fuel cell
JP4310598B2 (en) * 2000-05-30 2009-08-12 Ｎｏｋ株式会社 Fuel cell separator assembly seal structure
JP4348501B2 (en) * 2000-10-27 2009-10-21 Ｎｏｋ株式会社 Fuel cell separator
JP3571687B2 (en) * 2000-12-07 2004-09-29 本田技研工業株式会社 Method for manufacturing seal-integrated separator
JP2003086229A (en) * 2001-09-10 2003-03-20 Toyota Motor Corp Stack structure of fuel cell

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