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JP4475700B2 - Method for transesterification of oil and fat - Google Patents
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JP4475700B2 - Method for transesterification of oil and fat - Google Patents

Method for transesterification of oil and fat Download PDF

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JP4475700B2
JP4475700B2 JP15863499A JP15863499A JP4475700B2 JP 4475700 B2 JP4475700 B2 JP 4475700B2 JP 15863499 A JP15863499 A JP 15863499A JP 15863499 A JP15863499 A JP 15863499A JP 4475700 B2 JP4475700 B2 JP 4475700B2
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Prior art keywords
oil
fat
moisture
gas phase
oils
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JP2000346837A (en
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浩 荒川
亨 根津
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Adeka Corp
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Adeka Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、油脂中の水分を精度良く所定濃度に制御する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術及び発明が解決しようとする課題】
油脂中の水分制御が特に必要な場合として、酵素による油脂のエステル交換反応が挙げられる。酵素による油脂のエステル交換反応は、水と混じり合わない油脂に水の存在下で初めて活性を発現する酵素を触媒として作用させるものである。このため、油脂中の微量な水分の差異が反応速度や製品収率に大きな影響を与えることが知られている。
【0003】
リパーゼによる油脂のエステル交換反応は、トリグリセリド(TG)の加水分解反応と、その加水分解物を再びTGに合成するエステル化反応との競合反応であり、油脂中の水分が高すぎると、加水分解反応が促進され、副生成物であるジグリセリド(DG)や脂肪酸(FA)が増加し、製品の品質と収率が低下する。また、水分が少なすぎると、酵素活性が十分に発現されず、エステル交換反応の生産性が低下する。このため、DGやFAの生成を抑制しつつ、酵素活性が十分発現する最適水分に反応基質の水分を制御することが重要である。
【0004】
特開昭63−207393号公報には、反応槽内で水分の存在下にリパーゼによりパーム油脂をエステル交換反応を行うにあたって、パーム油脂溶液中の水分濃度を検出する液相中水分濃度センサ(露点温度計)を使用し、連続的に水分濃度を所定濃度に制御する方法が記載されており、補助的に反応槽内の気相部の水分濃度を検出する気相中水分濃度センサも用いることが開示されている。
【0005】
油脂をヘキサン等の水と混和しない溶媒に溶解・希釈した場合には、特開昭63−207393号公報に記載の方法で連続的な水分信号を得ることができるが、油脂を有機溶媒に溶解・希釈しない場合には、油脂の露点測定値が油脂中に含まれる部分グリセリドや酸化生成物等の不純物の影響を強く受け、また、油脂の粘度が高いため、 露点計のレスポンスが鈍くなる等の問題もあり、精度良く、 簡便に水分を測定することは困難であった。
【0006】
従って、本発明の目的は、油脂中の水分を精度良く所定濃度に制御する方法を提供することにある。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、有機溶媒に溶解しない油脂と不活性ガスとを接触させて油脂部及び気相部を形成し、該油脂部と該気相部との間に気液平衡関係を成立させた後、該気相部の湿度を測定することにより該油脂部の水分を推定し、この推定値に基づいて該油脂部の水分濃度を所定濃度に制御する油脂の水分制御方法を使用したことを特徴とする油脂のエステル交換方法を提供することにより、上記目的を達成したものである。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の油脂のエステル交換方法に使用される油脂の水分制御方法(以下、本発明の油脂の水分制御方法ともいう)を、その好ましい実施形態に基づいて図面を参照しながら詳細に説明する。
図1は、本実施形態の油脂の水分制御方法の実施に用いられる装置の一例を示す概略図であり、図2は、図1に示す装置における油脂調湿槽Aを示す概略図である。また、図1に示す装置は、油脂のエステル交換方法の実施にも用いられるものである。
【0009】
先ず、本実施形態の油脂の水分制御方法の実施に用いられる装置について図1及び図2を参照して説明する。
図1に示す装置は、油脂調湿槽Aと、水分検出部Bと、コンピュータCと、飽和水分溶解槽Dと、ポンプEと、自動弁Fと、反応原料供給槽Gと、反応カラムHと、流路1〜5と、経路a〜cとから構成されている。
【0010】
上記油脂調湿槽Aは、油脂部及び気相部を撹拌する撹拌機Mと、ジャケット又は恒温槽等からなる温度調節手段Lと、気液平衡に達した気相部の湿度を検出、測定する湿度計(水分検出部B)とからなる。
上記油脂調湿槽Aにおいて、外部から供給された、有機溶媒に溶解しない油脂と窒素ガスとを接触させて油脂部(液相1)及び気相部(気相2)を形成する。
【0011】
上記水分検出部Bは、気液平衡に達した気相部の湿度を検出、測定する湿度計で、上記油脂調湿槽Aにおける気相部に設けられている。
上記コンピュータCは、上記水分検出部Bから経路aを通じて、該水分検出部Bによる気相部の湿度の測定値を油脂部の水分に変換し、且つ経路b及び経路cを通じてそれぞれポンプE及び自動弁Fを制御するものである。
【0012】
上記飽和水分溶解槽Dは、過剰の水を油脂調湿槽Aの油脂部に添加、撹拌することで水飽和基質を調製するものである。
上記ポンプEは、経路bを通じて上記コンピュータCにより制御され且つ上記飽和水分解槽Dから水飽和基質を流路2を通じて上記油脂調湿槽Aに送液するものである。
上記自動弁Fは、経路cを通じて上記コンピュータCにより制御され且つ乾燥した窒素ガスを流路1を通じて上記油脂調湿送Aに送るものである。
【0013】
上記反応原料供給槽Gは、上記油脂調湿送Aからポンプにより流路3を通じて送られてきた水分調節された油脂を貯蔵・撹拌し且つ油脂のエステル交換反応に供給するものである。
上記反応カラムHは、上記反応原料供給槽Gからポンプにより流路4を通じて送られてきた水分調節された油脂のエステル交換反応を行うものである。エステル交換反応後、該反応カラムHから流路5を通じてエステル交換油脂が得られる。
【0014】
尚、図1に示す上記反応原料供給槽G及び上記反応カラムHは、油脂のエステル交換方法の実施に用いられるものであり、油脂の水分制御方法のみ実施する場合には必要ない。
【0015】
次に、図1及び図2に示す装置を用いた本発明の油脂の水分制御方法の実施形態について説明する。
先ず有機溶媒に溶解しない油脂と窒素ガスを接触させて油脂部及び気相部を形成する。上記油脂と窒素ガスとを接触させるには、油脂調湿槽Aに所定量の上記油脂を供給し(二種以上の上記油脂の場合はこれらを調合して供給し)、撹拌機Mで上記油脂を撹拌しながら、該油脂調湿槽A中の上記油脂に、流路1から自動弁Fを開いて所定量の窒素ガスを送り込むことにより行う。このようにして、油脂部(液相1)及び気相部(気相2)を形成する。
【0016】
有機溶媒に溶解しない油脂としては、パームオレイン、大豆油、ナタネ油、パーム油、綿実油、ヒマワリ油、牛脂、ラード等及びこれらの分別油等が挙げられる。
【0017】
上記油脂部及び上記気相部を形成した後、該油脂部と該気相部との間に気液平衡関係を成立させる。この気液平衡関係を成立させるには、撹拌機Mにより油脂部及び気相部を撹拌し、このときの撹拌速度を制御することや、油脂部と気相部との容積比率を制御することや、温度調節手段Lにより油脂部と気相部との温度差を制御すること等により行う。
【0018】
上記撹拌速度は、油脂調湿槽Aの容器及び撹拌羽根の形状と大きさにより異なるが、油滴が飛散しない程度に強く撹拌することが好ましい。
また、上記容積比率は、撹拌や容器の利用効率の点から、油脂部/気相部を70/30〜30/70、特に60/40〜40/60とするのが好ましい。
また、上記温度差は、実質的にない状態に維持されることが望ましく、具体的には5℃未満、特に2℃未満に調節するのが好ましい。温度差が5℃以上の場合は、水分が容器内壁で結露する等により、気液平衡関係が得られず、正確な水分制御は期し難い。
【0019】
尚、気液平衡関係が成立したか否かは、気相部の湿度が一定値を示し、変化しなくなったことにより判断する。
【0020】
気液平衡関係を成立させた後、気相部の湿度を測定することにより油脂部の水分を推定する。
気相部の湿度を測定するには、湿度計(水分検出部B)を用いて行う。該湿度計としては特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、石油化学分野で広く使用されている、検出部にAl2 3 薄膜を用いた静電容量式湿度計〔日本パラメトリクス社製〕が好ましい。
【0021】
また、油脂部の水分を推定するには、上記のように気相部の湿度を測定すると共に、湿度計により気相部の温度を測定し、該湿度計から経路aを通じて、測定された湿度及び温度に基づきコンピューターCにより油脂部の水分に変換することにより行う。このコンピューターCによる油脂部の水分に変換は下記のようにして行う。
即ち、温度T(℃)で気液平衡関係が成立した場合、気相部の湿度RH(%)と油脂部の水分W(ppm)との間には、温度Tで予め測定しておいた油脂部の飽和水分をWsat とすると、W=Wsat ×RH/100の関係があり、この関係式により気相部の湿度から油脂部の水分Wを推定する。このとき、湿度計での測定値に影響を与える油脂中の部分グリセリドや酸化生成物等の不純物は、酵素によるエステル交換反応温度である30〜70℃では、その蒸気圧が低いため気相2の湿度測定には影響を与えることはなく、不純物の有無に関わらず正確な油脂中の水分測定が可能となる。
【0022】
上記のように油脂分の水分を推定した後、この推定値(推定した水分)に基づいて油脂部の水分濃度を所定濃度に制御する。油脂部の水分濃度を所定濃度に制御するには、以下のようにして行う。
即ち、油脂調湿槽Aでの目標とする水分(所定濃度)をWsv、調合した原料油脂の水分をWとすると、W<Wsvの場合は、経路bを通じてコンピューターCで制御されたポンプEにより飽和水分溶解槽Dから水飽和基質を流路2を通じて油脂調湿槽Aに送液する。水飽和基質の送液による油脂調湿槽A中の水分増加は、気相部の湿度上昇として検出し、コンピューターCによりポンプEを制御し、所定濃度Wsvに調節する。尚、飽和水分溶解槽Dは、過剰の水を原料油脂に添加、撹拌することで水飽和基質を調製するものであり、ここでの基質水分は温度に依存し、一定温度では定数Wsat となる。また、W>Wsvの場合は、経路cを通じてコンピューターCで制御された自動弁Fから、乾燥した窒素ガスを流路1を通じて油脂調湿槽Aに送る。基質水分の低下は気相部の湿度の低下として検出され、コンピューターCにより自動弁Fを制御し、所定濃度Wsvに調節する。
このようにして、油脂部の水分濃度を所定濃度に制御することにより、所望の水分に調節された油脂を得ることができる。
【0023】
本発明の油脂の水分制御方法は、上述した好ましい実施形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない限り適宜変更可能である。
本発明においては、窒素ガスにより気相部を形成することが好ましいが、Heガス、CO2 ガス等の不活性ガスにより気相部を形成してもよい。
また、本発明においては、水分検出部Bとして静電容量式湿度計を用いることが好ましいが、電気抵抗式湿度計等を用いてもよい。
【0024】
次に、上述した実施形態の油脂の水分制御方法を使用した油脂のエステル交換方法の実施形態について説明する。
本実施形態においては、上述した実施形態の油脂の水分制御方法により水分が調節された油脂を、図1に示すように、油脂調湿槽Aからポンプにより流路3を通じて反応原料供給槽Gに送る。該反応原料供給槽Gでは、送られてきた上記油脂を貯蔵し、撹拌機により撹拌する。次いで、該反応原料供給槽Gから上記油脂をポンプにより流路4を通じて反応カラムHに送る。この反応カラムHにおいて、上記油脂のエステル交換反応を行う。そして、反応後、該反応カラムHから流路5を通じて所望のエステル交換油脂を得る。
油脂調湿槽Aと反応原料供給槽Gと反応カラムHの温度差は、±1℃とするのが好ましく、温度差がないのが最も好ましい。
【0025】
本実施形態の油脂のエステル交換方法では、図1に示すように、反応カラムHを用いて連続的にエステル交換を行うカラム式を使用しているが、回分反応によるバッチ式を使用することもできる。
【0026】
本発明の油脂の水分制御方法は、上述した実施形態の油脂のエステル交換方法、特に酵素を用いた油脂のエステル交換方法に使用することが有効であるが、ナトリウムメチラート等の化学触媒を用いた油脂の水分制御の際にも使用することができる。
【0027】
【実施例】
以下、実施例及び比較例により本発明を更に詳細に説明する。実施例は図1に示す装置を用いて実施したが、本発明は実施例により何等制限されるものではない。
【0028】
(実施例1)
油脂調湿槽Aにパームオレイン40部と大豆油60部とを混合し、乾燥した窒素ガスを接触させて形成した油脂部及び気相部の容積比率(油脂部/気相部)を50/50とし、油脂部と気相部との温度差を2℃以内として、油脂部と気相部との間に気液平衡関係を成立させた。そして、油脂調湿槽Aから反応カラムHまでをすべて49〜51℃の恒温槽に設置し、温度変化を極力少なくした。このとき、水分検出部Bで測定した油脂部の温度は49〜51℃であった。気相部の湿度の測定値から求めた油脂部の水分に基づき、コンピューターCによりポンプE及び自動弁Fを調節し、水分溶解槽Dからの水飽和基質の供給と、乾燥窒素による脱水を行い油脂部の水分の制御を行った。この間、水分検出部Bの湿度測定値から求めた油脂部の水分と油脂を抜き出しカールフィッシャー水分計で測定した水分値とを求めた。それらの相関関係のグラフを図3に示す。図3に示すように、両者は良好な相関を示し、RHにより油脂中水分の推定が可能で、高精度の水分制御が可能であった。
【0029】
(比較例1)
実施例1で用いた水分検出部Bを直接油脂部に入れ、検出値を得た他は実施例1と同様の操作を行った。水分検出部Bの湿度の測定値から求めた油脂部の水分と油脂を抜き出しカールフィッシャー水分計で測定した水分値との相関関係のグラフを図4に示す。図4に示すように、両者の相関は低く、水分制御は不可能であった。
【0030】
(比較例2)
実施例1における油脂調湿槽Aの油脂部のみ温水ジャケットで49〜51℃に保温し、気相部の温度を非制御とし、該油脂部と該気相部との間に気液平衡関係は成立させなかった他は実施例1と同様の操作を行った。このとき、気相部の温度は40〜44℃であった。水分検出部Bの湿度の測定値から求めた油脂部の水分と油脂を抜き出しカールフィッシャー水分計で測定した水分値との相関関係のグラフを図5に示す。図5に示すように、両者の相関は低く、水分制御は不可能であった。
【0031】
【発明の効果】
本発明の油脂の水分制御方法によれば、有機溶媒に溶解しない油脂の水分制御において、油脂中の不純物の影響を受けずに、油脂中の水分を正確且つ簡便に制御することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】図1は、本発明の油脂の水分制御方法及び油脂のエステル交換方法の実施に用られる装置の一例を示す概略図である。
【図2】図2は、図1に示す装置における油脂調湿槽Aを示す概略図である。
【図3】図3は、実施例1における湿度測定値RH(%)とカールフィッシャー水分計で測定した水分(ppm)との相関関係を示すグラフである。
【図4】図4は、比較例1における湿度測定値RH(%)とカールフィッシャー水分計で測定した水分(ppm)との相関関係を示すグラフである。
【図5】図5は、比較例2における湿度測定値RH(%)とカールフィッシャー水分計で測定した水分(ppm)との相関関係を示すグラフである。
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for accurately controlling moisture in fats and oils to a predetermined concentration.
[0002]
[Prior art and problems to be solved by the invention]
An example of a case where moisture control in the fat / oil is particularly necessary is an ester exchange reaction of the fat / oil with an enzyme. In the transesterification reaction of fats and oils by enzymes, an enzyme that exhibits activity for the first time in the presence of water acts on fats and oils that do not mix with water as a catalyst. For this reason, it is known that a slight difference in water content in fats and oils greatly affects the reaction rate and product yield.
[0003]
The transesterification reaction of fats and oils by lipase is a competitive reaction between the hydrolysis reaction of triglycerides (TG) and the esterification reaction to synthesize the hydrolyzate into TG again. The reaction is accelerated, diglycerides (DG) and fatty acids (FA), which are by-products, increase, and the quality and yield of the product decrease. Moreover, when there is too little water | moisture content, enzyme activity will not fully be expressed and productivity of transesterification will fall. For this reason, it is important to control the moisture of the reaction substrate to the optimum moisture that sufficiently exhibits the enzyme activity while suppressing the production of DG and FA.
[0004]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-207393 discloses a liquid phase moisture concentration sensor (dew point) that detects the moisture concentration in a palm oil solution when a palm oil is transesterified with lipase in the presence of moisture in a reaction vessel. A method of continuously controlling the moisture concentration to a predetermined concentration using a thermometer), and also using a moisture concentration sensor in the gas phase for detecting the moisture concentration in the gas phase portion in the reaction vessel. Is disclosed.
[0005]
When fats and oils are dissolved and diluted in a solvent immiscible with water such as hexane, a continuous moisture signal can be obtained by the method described in JP-A-63-207393, but the fats and oils are dissolved in an organic solvent.・ If not diluted, the dew point measurement value of fat and oil is strongly affected by impurities such as partial glycerides and oxidation products contained in the fat and oil, and the viscosity of the fat and oil makes the response of the dew point meter dull. Therefore, it was difficult to measure moisture accurately and simply.
[0006]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for accurately controlling moisture in fats and oils to a predetermined concentration.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the present invention, an oil and fat that does not dissolve in an organic solvent and an inert gas are brought into contact with each other to form an oil and fat part and a gas phase part, and a gas-liquid equilibrium relationship is established between the oil and fat part and the gas phase part. , possible to estimate the moisture the fat part by measuring the humidity of the gas phase portion was used moisture control method of oil fat that controls the water content of the fat portion in the predetermined concentration based on the estimated value The above object is achieved by providing a method for transesterification of fats and oils .
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the moisture control method of fats and oils used in the transesterification method of fats and oils of the present invention (hereinafter also referred to as the moisture control method of fats and oils of the present invention) will be described in detail with reference to the drawings based on the preferred embodiments. To do.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of an apparatus used for carrying out the method for controlling moisture of fats and oils according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a fat / oil conditioning tank A in the apparatus shown in FIG. Moreover, the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is used also for implementation of the transesterification method of fats and oils.
[0009]
First, the apparatus used for the implementation of the oil and fat moisture control method of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.
The apparatus shown in FIG. 1 includes an oil and fat conditioning tank A, a moisture detector B, a computer C, a saturated moisture dissolving tank D, a pump E, an automatic valve F, a reaction raw material supply tank G, and a reaction column H. And channels 1 to 5 and paths a to c.
[0010]
The oil and fat conditioning tank A detects and measures the stirrer M that stirs the oil and fat part and the gas phase part, the temperature control means L composed of a jacket or a thermostat, and the humidity of the gas phase part that has reached vapor-liquid equilibrium. And a hygrometer (moisture detector B).
In the oil and fat conditioning tank A, the oil and fat part (liquid phase 1) and the gas phase part (gas phase 2) are formed by bringing oil and fat supplied from the outside and not dissolved in the organic solvent into contact with nitrogen gas.
[0011]
The moisture detection part B is a hygrometer that detects and measures the humidity of the gas phase part that has reached gas-liquid equilibrium, and is provided in the gas phase part of the oil and fat conditioning tank A.
The computer C converts the measured value of the humidity of the gas phase part by the moisture detection part B from the moisture detection part B to the moisture of the oil and fat part through the path a, and the pump E and the automatic through the path b and the path c, respectively. The valve F is controlled.
[0012]
The saturated water dissolution tank D is for preparing a water-saturated substrate by adding excess water to the fat and oil part of the fat and oil conditioning tank A and stirring.
The pump E is controlled by the computer C through the path b and feeds the water saturated substrate from the saturated water decomposition tank D to the fat and oil conditioning tank A through the flow path 2.
The automatic valve F is for sending the nitrogen gas, which is controlled by the computer C through the path c and dried, to the fat / oil control A through the flow path 1.
[0013]
The reaction raw material supply tank G stores and agitates the moisture-adjusted oil and fat sent from the oil and fat conditioning A through the flow path 3 by a pump and supplies it to the transesterification reaction of the oil and fat.
The reaction column H performs a transesterification reaction of the oil and fat whose water content has been sent from the reaction raw material supply tank G through the flow path 4 by a pump. After the transesterification reaction, transesterified oil and fat is obtained from the reaction column H through the flow path 5.
[0014]
The reaction raw material supply tank G and the reaction column H shown in FIG. 1 are used for carrying out the transesterification method for fats and oils, and are not necessary when only the moisture control method for fats and oils is carried out.
[0015]
Next, an embodiment of the oil and fat moisture control method of the present invention using the apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 will be described.
First, an oil and fat that does not dissolve in an organic solvent and nitrogen gas are brought into contact with each other to form an oil and fat portion and a gas phase portion. In order to bring the fats and oils into contact with the nitrogen gas, a predetermined amount of the fats and oils is supplied to the fat and oil conditioning tank A (in the case of two or more kinds of fats and oils, these are mixed and supplied). While stirring the fats and oils, the oil and fat in the fat and oil conditioning tank A is opened by opening the automatic valve F from the flow path 1 and feeding a predetermined amount of nitrogen gas. In this way, an oil and fat part (liquid phase 1) and a gas phase part (gas phase 2) are formed.
[0016]
Examples of fats and oils that do not dissolve in organic solvents include palm olein, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, palm oil, cottonseed oil, sunflower oil, beef tallow, lard, and the like, and fractionated oils thereof.
[0017]
After forming the oil and fat part and the gas phase part, a gas-liquid equilibrium relationship is established between the oil and fat part and the gas phase part. In order to establish this gas-liquid equilibrium relationship, the oil and fat part and the gas phase part are agitated by the agitator M, and the stirring speed at this time is controlled and the volume ratio between the oil and fat part and the gas phase part is controlled. Alternatively, the temperature adjustment means L is used to control the temperature difference between the oil and fat portion and the gas phase portion.
[0018]
The stirring speed is different depending on the shape and size of the container of the oil and fat conditioning tank A and the stirring blades, but it is preferable to stir strongly to such an extent that oil droplets do not scatter.
The volume ratio is preferably 70/30 to 30/70, particularly 60/40 to 40/60, for the oil / fat portion / gas phase portion, from the viewpoint of stirring and container utilization efficiency.
The temperature difference is desirably maintained in a substantially non-existent state, and specifically, it is preferably adjusted to less than 5 ° C., particularly less than 2 ° C. When the temperature difference is 5 ° C. or more, a vapor-liquid equilibrium relationship cannot be obtained due to moisture condensation on the inner wall of the container, and accurate moisture control is difficult to expect.
[0019]
Whether or not the vapor-liquid equilibrium relationship is established is determined by the fact that the humidity in the gas phase portion shows a constant value and does not change.
[0020]
After establishing the vapor-liquid equilibrium relationship, the moisture in the fat and oil part is estimated by measuring the humidity in the gas phase part.
In order to measure the humidity of the gas phase part, a hygrometer (moisture detection part B) is used. The hygrometer is not particularly limited, but, for example, a capacitance hygrometer widely used in the petrochemical field and using an Al 2 O 3 thin film for the detection part (manufactured by Japan Parametrics) Is preferred.
[0021]
In addition, in order to estimate the water content of the oil and fat part, the humidity of the gas phase part is measured as described above, the temperature of the gas phase part is measured by a hygrometer, and the measured humidity is measured from the hygrometer through the path a. And it converts by the computer C based on temperature, and it converts into the water | moisture content of a fat part. Conversion to the moisture of the oil / fat part by the computer C is performed as follows.
That is, when the gas-liquid equilibrium relationship is established at the temperature T (° C.), the temperature T is measured in advance between the humidity RH (%) in the gas phase portion and the moisture W (ppm) in the fat portion. Assuming that the saturated moisture in the fat portion is Wsat, there is a relationship of W = Wsat × RH / 100, and the moisture W in the fat portion is estimated from the humidity in the gas phase portion by this relational expression. At this time, impurities such as partial glycerides and oxidation products in fats and oils that affect the measured value with a hygrometer have a low vapor pressure at the transesterification reaction temperature of 30 to 70 ° C. by the enzyme. Therefore, it is possible to accurately measure moisture in fats and oils regardless of the presence or absence of impurities.
[0022]
After estimating the moisture content of the fat and oil as described above, the moisture concentration of the fat and oil portion is controlled to a predetermined concentration based on the estimated value (estimated moisture). In order to control the moisture concentration of the oil / fat portion to a predetermined concentration, the following procedure is performed.
That is, assuming that the target moisture (predetermined concentration) in the oil and fat conditioning tank A is Wsv and the moisture of the prepared raw oil and fat is W, when W <Wsv, the pump E controlled by the computer C through the path b A water-saturated substrate is sent from the saturated water dissolution tank D to the oil and fat conditioning tank A through the flow path 2. The increase in moisture in the oil / humidity control tank A due to the feeding of the water-saturated substrate is detected as an increase in the humidity of the gas phase, and the pump E is controlled by the computer C and adjusted to a predetermined concentration Wsv. The saturated water dissolution tank D is for preparing a water-saturated substrate by adding excess water to the raw oil and fat and stirring, and the substrate moisture here depends on the temperature, and becomes a constant Wsat at a constant temperature. . In the case of W> Wsv, the dried nitrogen gas is sent from the automatic valve F controlled by the computer C through the path c to the fat and oil conditioning tank A through the flow path 1. A decrease in substrate moisture is detected as a decrease in humidity in the gas phase, and the automatic valve F is controlled by the computer C to adjust to a predetermined concentration Wsv.
Thus, the fats and oils adjusted to the desired water | moisture content can be obtained by controlling the water | moisture-content density | concentration of an oil-fat part to a predetermined density | concentration.
[0023]
The moisture control method for fats and oils of the present invention is not limited to the above-described preferred embodiments, and can be appropriately changed without departing from the gist of the present invention.
In the present invention, it is preferable to form a gas phase portion with nitrogen gas, but He gas, CO 2 The gas phase portion may be formed by an inert gas such as a gas.
In the present invention, it is preferable to use a capacitance type hygrometer as the moisture detection unit B, but an electric resistance type hygrometer or the like may be used.
[0024]
Next, an embodiment of an oil and fat transesterification method using the fat and oil moisture control method of the above-described embodiment will be described.
In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the fats and oils whose moisture is adjusted by the fat and oil moisture control method of the above-described embodiment are transferred from the fat and oil conditioning tank A to the reaction raw material supply tank G through the channel 3 by a pump. send. In the reaction raw material supply tank G, the sent fats and oils are stored and stirred by a stirrer. Next, the oil and fat is sent from the reaction raw material supply tank G to the reaction column H through the flow path 4 by a pump. In this reaction column H, the above-mentioned fats and oils are transesterified. And after reaction, desired transesterification fats and oils are obtained from this reaction column H through the flow path 5.
The temperature difference among the oil and fat conditioning tank A, the reaction raw material supply tank G, and the reaction column H is preferably ± 1 ° C., and most preferably no temperature difference.
[0025]
In the method for transesterification of fats and oils of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, a column type in which transesterification is continuously performed using a reaction column H is used, but a batch type by batch reaction may be used. it can.
[0026]
The oil and fat moisture control method of the present invention is effective for use in the fat transesterification method of the embodiment described above, particularly the fat transesterification method using an enzyme, but uses a chemical catalyst such as sodium methylate. It can also be used to control the moisture content of oil and fat.
[0027]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples. Although the embodiment was implemented using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1, the present invention is not limited to the embodiment.
[0028]
Example 1
The oil / humidity adjustment tank A is mixed with 40 parts of palm olein and 60 parts of soybean oil, and the volume ratio (oil / oil part / gas phase part) of the oil / fat part and the gas phase part formed by contacting with dry nitrogen gas is 50 / 50, the temperature difference between the oil and fat portion and the gas phase portion was set to within 2 ° C., and a gas-liquid equilibrium relationship was established between the oil and fat portion and the gas phase portion. And all of the oil-and-fat humidity control tank A to the reaction column H was installed in a 49-51 degreeC thermostat, and the temperature change was minimized. At this time, the temperature of the fat and oil part measured by the moisture detection part B was 49 to 51 ° C. Based on the moisture content of the oil and fat part obtained from the measured humidity value of the gas phase part, the computer C adjusts the pump E and the automatic valve F to supply the water-saturated substrate from the water dissolution tank D and dehydrate it with dry nitrogen. The water | moisture content of the fats and oils part was controlled. During this time, the water content of the oil and fat part and the oil and fat determined from the humidity measurement value of the water detection part B were extracted, and the water value measured with a Karl Fischer moisture meter was obtained. A graph of their correlation is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 3, both showed a good correlation, the moisture in the fats and oils could be estimated by RH, and highly accurate moisture control was possible.
[0029]
(Comparative Example 1)
The same operation as in Example 1 was performed except that the moisture detection part B used in Example 1 was directly put in the oil and fat part and the detection value was obtained. FIG. 4 shows a graph of the correlation between the water content of the oil and fat portion determined from the measured humidity value of the water detection portion B and the water value measured by the Karl Fischer moisture meter. As shown in FIG. 4, the correlation between the two was low, and moisture control was impossible.
[0030]
(Comparative Example 2)
Only the oil and fat part of the oil and fat conditioning tank A in Example 1 is kept at 49 to 51 ° C. with a warm water jacket, the temperature of the gas phase part is uncontrolled, and the gas-liquid equilibrium relationship between the oil and fat part and the gas phase part The same operation as in Example 1 was performed, except that was not established. At this time, the temperature of the gas phase portion was 40 to 44 ° C. FIG. 5 shows a graph of the correlation between the water content of the oil and fat portion obtained from the measured humidity value of the water detection portion B and the water value measured by the Karl Fischer moisture meter. As shown in FIG. 5, the correlation between the two was low, and moisture control was impossible.
[0031]
【The invention's effect】
According to the moisture control method for fats and oils of the present invention, moisture in fats and oils can be accurately and easily controlled without being affected by impurities in the fats and oils in the moisture control of fats and oils that are not dissolved in an organic solvent.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of an apparatus used for carrying out a method for controlling moisture of fats and oils and a method for transesterification of fats and oils according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an oil and fat conditioning tank A in the apparatus shown in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing a correlation between a humidity measurement value RH (%) and moisture (ppm) measured with a Karl Fischer moisture meter in Example 1.
4 is a graph showing a correlation between a humidity measurement value RH (%) and moisture (ppm) measured with a Karl Fischer moisture meter in Comparative Example 1. FIG.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing a correlation between a humidity measurement value RH (%) in Comparative Example 2 and moisture (ppm) measured by a Karl Fischer moisture meter.

Claims (1)

有機溶媒に溶解しない油脂と不活性ガスとを接触させて油脂部及び気相部を形成し、該油脂部と該気相部との間に気液平衡関係を成立させた後、該気相部の湿度を測定することにより該油脂部の水分を推定し、この推定値に基づいて該油脂部の水分濃度を所定濃度に制御する油脂の水分制御方法を使用したことを特徴とする油脂のエステル交換方法An oil and fat that does not dissolve in an organic solvent and an inert gas are brought into contact with each other to form an oil and fat portion and a gas phase portion, and after establishing a gas-liquid equilibrium relationship between the oil and fat portion and the gas phase portion, the gas phase estimating the moisture the fat part by measuring the humidity of the parts, characterized in that the water concentration of the fat portion using the water method of controlling the oil fat that controls the predetermined concentration based on the estimated value Method for transesterification of fats and oils .
JP15863499A 1999-06-04 1999-06-04 Method for transesterification of oil and fat Expired - Fee Related JP4475700B2 (en)

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