JP4475995B2 - Sludge treatment using gypsum waste - Google Patents
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Description
本発明は、石こう廃棄物を使用した汚泥の処理方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for treating sludge using gypsum waste.
従来、建設汚泥、軟弱土、及び工場発生汚泥等の汚泥物は、水分を多く含み、焼却処理にはコストがかかるので、通常、コンクリートを混合して固化物として埋め立て処理を行っている。
また、廃石こうボード、使用済みのマネキン等の石こう廃棄物は排出量が年々増加する傾向にある。また、石こうボードは、板状の石こうを芯材として、その両面をボード用原紙で被覆して形成されており、廃石こうボードは管理型処分場で埋め立て処理が行われている。また、廃石こうボードを加熱してボード用原紙を炭化させ、廃石こうボードから石こうを回収して再利用する方法も知られている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。
Conventionally, since sludge such as construction sludge, soft soil, and factory-generated sludge contains a lot of water and incineration costs are high, concrete is usually mixed and landfilled as a solidified material.
The amount of gypsum waste such as waste gypsum board and used mannequins tends to increase year by year. Further, the gypsum board is formed by using a plate-shaped gypsum as a core material and covering both sides with a base paper for board, and the waste gypsum board is subjected to a landfill process in a managed disposal site. There is also known a method in which waste gypsum board is heated to carbonize the base paper for board, and the gypsum is recovered from the waste gypsum board and reused (for example, see Patent Document 1).
しかしながら、汚泥物とコンクリートとを混合して製造した固化物は、強度が低く、運搬中あるいは埋め立て中に破損するという問題があった。また、特に、工場発生汚泥には、重金属が含まれていることが多く、その埋め立て処分は困難となっている。
また、処分場において石こう廃棄物は、石こう（いわゆる２水石こう、ＣａＳＯ4・２Ｈ2Ｏ）に含まれる硫酸イオンと、石こう廃棄物を覆う土壌中の有機物とが反応して、硫化水素を発生するという問題があった。また、廃石こうボードから得られた石こうを石こうボードとして再利用する際には、その混入率を強度等の問題により５０％以下と低くしなければならないという問題もあった。
However, the solidified product produced by mixing sludge and concrete has a problem of low strength and breakage during transportation or landfill. In particular, the factory-generated sludge often contains heavy metals, making landfill disposal difficult.
In addition, gypsum waste at the disposal site generates hydrogen sulfide by the reaction of sulfate ions contained in gypsum (so-called dihydrate gypsum, CaSO 4 · 2H 2 O) and organic matter in the soil covering gypsum waste. There was a problem to do. In addition, when the gypsum obtained from the waste gypsum board is reused as a gypsum board, there is a problem that the mixing rate must be lowered to 50% or less due to problems such as strength.
本発明はかかる事情に鑑みてなされたもので、安価に汚泥及び石こう廃棄物の処理ができ、製造された固化物の強度が高く、しかも、汚泥に含まれる重金属が溶出し難い石こう廃棄物を使用した汚泥の処理方法を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and is capable of treating sludge and gypsum waste at a low cost, and is capable of treating gypsum waste that is high in strength of the solidified product and that is difficult to elute heavy metals contained in sludge. It aims at providing the processing method of the used sludge.
前記目的に沿う請求項１記載の石こう廃棄物を使用した汚泥の処理方法は、石こう廃棄物を破砕し、該石こう廃棄物に含まれる石こう主体物を得た後、該石こう主体物を加熱して製造した焼石こうを汚泥に混合する石こう廃棄物を使用した汚泥の処理方法であって、
建設汚泥、軟弱土、及び工場発生汚泥のいずれか１及び２以上を有する汚泥物と前記焼石こうとを混合し、得られた混合物に（１）水、（２）セメント、（３）硫化ナトリウム及び炭酸ナトリウムのいずれか１と、硫酸第一鉄、硫酸アルミニウム、及びポリ塩化アルミニウムのいずれか１又は２以上とを組合せた金属溶出防止剤を加えて混練して塊状又は粒状の固化物を得て、しかも、前記混合物中に前記焼石こうは１０〜２１質量％、前記セメントは７〜１０質量％、前記金属溶出防止剤は０を超え２質量％以下それぞれ含まれている。
The method for treating sludge using gypsum waste according to claim 1, which is suitable for the purpose, comprises crushing gypsum waste, obtaining a gypsum main body contained in the gypsum waste, and then heating the gypsum main body. A method of treating sludge using gypsum waste that mixes the calcined gypsum produced in this way with sludge,
The sludge having any one or more of construction sludge, soft soil, and factory-generated sludge is mixed with the calcined gypsum, and (1) water , (2) cement, (3) sodium sulfide in the resulting mixture. And a metal elution inhibitor comprising a combination of any one of sodium carbonate and one or more of ferrous sulfate, aluminum sulfate, and polyaluminum chloride, and kneaded to obtain a block or granular solidified product In addition, the mixture includes 10 to 21% by mass of the calcined gypsum, 7 to 10% by mass of the cement, and more than 0 to 2% by mass or less of the metal dissolution inhibitor .
請求項１記載の石こう廃棄物を使用した汚泥の処理方法において、石こう主体物には２水石こうが多く含まれ、この石こう主体物を１３０〜１９０℃、好ましくは１３０〜１６０℃に加熱して得られる焼石こうには半水石こう（ＣａＳＯ4・１／２Ｈ2Ｏ）及び無水石こう（ＣａＳＯ4）のいずれか一方又は双方が含まれている。また、混合物は、水を加えて混練すると塊状の固化物が得られ、これを破砕して粒状の固化物を得ることできる。得られた固化物は、地盤改良材、軟弱土固化材等として利用できる。なお、焼石こうは、好ましくは混合物中に２０質量％以上添加するのがよい。 The method for treating sludge using gypsum waste according to claim 1, wherein the gypsum main body contains a large amount of 2-water gypsum, and the gypsum main body is heated to 130 to 190 ° C, preferably 130 to 160 ° C. the calcined gypsum obtained contains either or both of the hemihydrate gypsum (CaSO 4 · 1 / 2H 2 O) and anhydrite (CaSO 4). Further, the mixture can be kneaded with water to obtain a lump solidified product, which can be crushed to obtain a granular solidified product. The obtained solidified material can be used as a ground improvement material, a soft soil solidification material, or the like. The calcined gypsum is preferably added in an amount of 20% by mass or more in the mixture.
請求項２記載の石こう廃棄物を使用した汚泥の処理方法は、請求項１記載の石こう廃棄物を使用した汚泥の処理方法において、前記石こう廃棄物が、廃石こうボードであって、しかも、該廃石こうボードを破砕した後、篩い分けして紙類を除去して、前記石こう主体物を得る。 The method for treating sludge using gypsum waste according to claim 2 is the method for treating sludge using gypsum waste according to claim 1, wherein the gypsum waste is waste gypsum board, After the waste gypsum board is crushed, paper is removed by sieving to obtain the gypsum main body.
ここで、石こうボードは、板状の石こうを芯材として、その両面をボード用原紙で被覆して形成され、防火、防音、気密性、断熱性に優れた建築材料である。
請求項２記載の石こう廃棄物を使用した汚泥の処理方法において、廃石こうボードを破砕してそのまま加熱すると、廃石こうボードを覆うボード用原紙が燃えるので、篩い分けして紙類を除去し、２水石こうを主体とする石こう主体物を得る。なお、石こう主体物中には、破砕時に繊維状となったボード用原紙が少量残存するが、汚泥との混合時にスサの役割を果たすことができ、また、水分吸収材にもなる。
Here, the gypsum board is a building material having a plate-shaped gypsum as a core material and covering both sides with a base paper for board, and is excellent in fireproofing, soundproofing, airtightness, and heat insulation.
In the method for treating sludge using gypsum waste according to claim 2, when the waste gypsum board is crushed and heated as it is, the base paper for board covering the waste gypsum board burns, so the paper is removed by sieving, 2. Obtain a gypsum-based object mainly composed of water gypsum. In the gypsum main body, a small amount of board base paper that has become fibrous at the time of crushing remains, but it can serve as a soot when mixed with sludge and also serves as a moisture absorbing material.
請求項１記載の石こう廃棄物を使用した汚泥の処理方法において、セメントとしては、ポルトランドセメント、フライアッシュセメント、シリカセメント、高炉セメント、アルミナセメント等が使用できる。 In the sludge treatment method using gypsum waste according to claim 1 , Portland cement, fly ash cement, silica cement, blast furnace cement, alumina cement, or the like can be used as the cement.
混合物中の焼石こうの含有率が、５質量％未満では製造した固化物の強度が低くなり、３５質量％を超えると汚泥物の処理量が減少する。 If the content of calcined gypsum in the mixture is less than 5% by mass, the strength of the produced solidified product will be low, and if it exceeds 35% by mass, the amount of sludge treated will decrease.
混合物中のセメントの含有量が５質量％未満では固化を促進させ難く、３５質量％を超えると汚泥及び石こう廃棄物の処理量が減少する。 If the cement content in the mixture is less than 5% by mass, it is difficult to promote solidification, and if it exceeds 35% by mass, the treatment amount of sludge and gypsum waste decreases.
特に硫酸第一鉄は汚泥中に陰イオンの形態で存在する六価クロム及びヒ素を不溶化させるので好ましく、また、ポリ塩化アルミニウムは固化を促進し、固化物の強度を高めるので好ましい。 In particular, ferrous sulfate is preferable because it insolubilizes hexavalent chromium and arsenic present in the form of anions in the sludge, and polyaluminum chloride is preferable because it promotes solidification and increases the strength of the solidified product.
混合物中の金属溶出防止剤が２質量％を超えても、金属の溶出量はほとんど変わらない。 Even if the amount of the metal elution inhibitor in the mixture exceeds 2% by mass, the elution amount of the metal hardly changes.
請求項１及び２記載の石こう廃棄物を使用した汚泥の処理方法は、石こう廃棄物を破砕して石こう主体物を得た後、石こう主体物を加熱して製造した焼石こうと、建設汚泥、軟弱土、及び工場発生汚泥のいずれか１及び２以上を有する汚泥物とを混合し、得られた混合物に水を加えて混練して塊状又は粒状の固化物を得るので、安価に汚泥及び石こう廃棄物の処理ができ、強度の高い固化物を得ることができる。また、製造された固化物には、石こうが含まれているので、汚泥に含まれる重金属が溶出し難くなる。 The method for treating sludge using gypsum waste according to claim 1 and claim 2 is obtained by crushing gypsum waste to obtain a gypsum main body, and then heating the gypsum main body to produce gypsum main body, construction sludge, Sludge and gypsum can be obtained at low cost because they are mixed with soft soil and sludge having at least one of factory-generated sludge, and water is added to the resulting mixture and kneaded to obtain a lump-like or granular solidified product. Waste can be treated, and a solidified product with high strength can be obtained. Moreover, since the manufactured solidified material contains gypsum, it is difficult to elute heavy metals contained in the sludge.
特に、請求項２記載の石こう廃棄物を使用した汚泥の処理方法は、石こう廃棄物が廃石こうボードであるので、処理費用の高い廃石こうボードの処理ができる。また、廃石こうボードを破砕した後、篩い分けして紙類を除去するので、加熱して石こう主体物を得る際に燃えることがなくなる。
請求項１記載の石こう廃棄物を使用した汚泥の処理方法は、混合物に更にセメントを添加するので、固化物をより強固にすることができる。
In particular, the method for treating sludge using gypsum waste according to claim 2 can treat waste gypsum board having a high treatment cost because the gypsum waste is waste gypsum board. In addition, since the waste gypsum board is crushed and then the paper is removed by sieving, it does not burn when heated to obtain a gypsum main body.
In the sludge treatment method using gypsum waste according to claim 1, cement is further added to the mixture, so that the solidified product can be made stronger.
請求項１記載の石こう廃棄物を使用した汚泥の処理方法は、焼石こうが混合物中に１０〜２１質量％含まれているので、固化物の強度を高く、また、汚泥の処理量を多くすることができる。
また、セメントが混合物中に７〜１０質量％含まれているので、固化物の強度を高めることができる。
In the method for treating sludge using gypsum waste according to claim 1 , since the burned gypsum is contained in the mixture in an amount of 10 to 21 % by mass, the strength of the solidified product is increased and the amount of sludge treated is increased. be able to.
Moreover , since 7-10 mass% of cement is contained in the mixture, the strength of the solidified product can be increased.
請求項１記載の石こう廃棄物を使用した汚泥の処理方法は、混合物に硫化ナトリウム及び炭酸ナトリウムのいずれか１と、硫酸第一鉄、硫酸アルミニウム、及びポリ塩化アルミニウムのいずれか１又は２以上とを組合せた金属溶出防止剤を添加するので、汚泥中の金属が溶出し難くなる。
請求項１記載の石こう廃棄物を使用した汚泥の処理方法は、金属溶出防止剤が混合物中に０を超え２質量％以下含まれているので、汚泥中の金属の溶出が少なくなる。
The method for treating sludge using gypsum waste according to claim 1 , wherein the mixture is any one of sodium sulfide and sodium carbonate, and any one or more of ferrous sulfate, aluminum sulfate, and polyaluminum chloride. Since the metal elution inhibitor combined with is added, it becomes difficult to elute the metal in the sludge.
In the sludge treatment method using gypsum waste according to claim 1 , since the metal elution inhibitor is contained in the mixture in an amount of more than 0 and not more than 2% by mass, elution of metal in the sludge is reduced.
本発明の一実施の形態に係る石こう廃棄物を使用した汚泥の処理方法について説明する。
まず、石こう廃棄物の一例である廃石こうボードを粒径が約２０ｍｍ以下になるように破砕した後、篩い分けして紙類を除去して、２水石こう（ＣａＳＯ4・２Ｈ2Ｏ）を主体とする石こう主体物を得た。篩い分けの際に除去できなかったボード用原紙は、粉砕時に繊維状となり、汚泥中ではスサの働きがあり、水分吸収材の働きもする。
A method for treating sludge using gypsum waste according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described.
First, waste gypsum board, which is an example of gypsum waste, is crushed so that the particle size is about 20 mm or less, and is then sieved to remove papers, and 2 water gypsum (CaSO 4 .2H 2 O) is used. The main gypsum body was obtained. The base paper for board that could not be removed during sieving becomes fibrous when pulverized, and acts as a soot in the sludge, and also functions as a moisture absorber.
この石こう主体物を１３０〜１９０℃、好ましくは１３０〜１６０℃、例えば１５０℃で３０〜１２０分間、例えば６０分間加熱（焼成）して、半水石こう（ＣａＳＯ4・１／２Ｈ2Ｏ）及び無水石こう（ＣａＳＯ4）のいずれか一方又は双方を含む焼石こうを製造し、更にミルで粒径が例えば０.５ｍｍ以下となるように粉砕した。石こう主体物の焼成は、他の廃棄物を焼却処理した排ガスを使用したドライヤー方式のロータリーキルンで行った。 This gypsum main body is heated (calcined) at 130 to 190 ° C., preferably 130 to 160 ° C., for example, 150 ° C. for 30 to 120 minutes, for example 60 minutes, to obtain hemihydrate gypsum (CaSO 4 .1 / 2H 2 O) and A calcined gypsum containing one or both of anhydrous gypsum (CaSO 4 ) was produced, and further pulverized by a mill so that the particle size became, for example, 0.5 mm or less. The gypsum main body was fired in a dryer type rotary kiln using exhaust gas in which other wastes were incinerated.
次に、建設汚泥、軟弱土、及び工場発生汚泥のいずれか１及び２以上を有する汚泥物に、粒径が０．５ｍｍ以下の焼石こうを混合し、得られた混合物に水を加えて混練して塊状の固化物を得た後、更にこれを破砕して使用目的に応じた粒径の固化物を得た。なお、焼石こうは、混合物中の含有量が５〜３５質量％となるように汚泥物に添加した。また、加える水の量は、混合物が混練できる量でよく、汚泥物中の水分が多い場合には添加しなくてもよい。 Next, a mixture of sludge having one or more of construction sludge, soft soil, and factory generated sludge is mixed with calcined gypsum having a particle size of 0.5 mm or less, and water is added to the resulting mixture to knead. After obtaining a lump solidified product, this was further crushed to obtain a solidified product having a particle size suitable for the intended use. The calcined gypsum was added to the sludge so that the content in the mixture was 5 to 35% by mass. Further, the amount of water to be added may be an amount capable of kneading the mixture, and may not be added when the amount of water in the sludge is large.
汚泥物と焼石こうとを混合して混合物を得る際に、更に混合物中の含有量が５〜３５質量％となるようにセメントを加えてもよい。また、混合物中の含有量が０を超え２質量％以下となるように硫酸第一鉄、硫化ナトリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、硫酸アルミニウム、及びポリ塩化アルミニウムのいずれか１又は２以上の金属溶出防止剤を添加してもよい。 When the sludge and calcined gypsum are mixed to obtain a mixture, cement may be added so that the content in the mixture is 5 to 35% by mass. In addition, one or more metal elution inhibitors of ferrous sulfate, sodium sulfide, sodium carbonate, aluminum sulfate, and polyaluminum chloride are added so that the content in the mixture exceeds 0 and is 2% by mass or less. It may be added.
次に、本発明の作用効果を確認するために行った実施例について説明する。
ここで、使用する汚泥物としては、汚泥物Ａとして地下鉄工事で発生した建設汚泥を、汚泥物Ｂとして用水貯水池の底泥（軟弱土）を、汚泥物Ｃとして工場発生汚泥をそれぞれ使用した。汚泥物Ａ〜Ｃをそれぞれ恒温乾燥機により１０５〜１１０℃で４８時間以上乾燥し、汚泥物Ａ〜Ｃに含有している水分量を測定し、更に、得られた乾燥物を化学分析、粉末Ｘ線回折によりそれぞれの乾燥物中の化学物質量を測定した。更に、この乾燥物を「廃棄物に含まれる有害物質の検定方法（昭和４８年２月環境庁告示１３号）」のロの試験方法（以下、「環境庁告示１３号のロの試験方法」という）に従って、溶出試験を行った。ここで、表１に汚泥物Ａ〜Ｃの化学分析結果を、表２に汚泥物Ａ〜Ｃの溶出試験の結果を示す。
Next, examples carried out for confirming the effects of the present invention will be described.
Here, as the sludge used, construction sludge generated by subway construction as sludge A, the bottom mud (soft soil) of the water reservoir as sludge B, and factory-generated sludge as sludge C were used. Sludges A to C are each dried at 105 to 110 ° C. for 48 hours or more with a constant temperature dryer, the amount of water contained in the sludges A to C is measured, and the obtained dried product is subjected to chemical analysis and powder. The amount of chemical substance in each dried product was measured by X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, this dried product is tested in the “Testing method for hazardous substances contained in waste (February 1973, Environmental Agency Notification No.13)” test method (hereinafter referred to as “Environmental Agency Notification No.13 test method”). The dissolution test was conducted according to the above. Here, Table 1 shows the chemical analysis results of the sludges A to C, and Table 2 shows the results of the elution test of the sludges A to C.
表１に示すように、汚泥物Ａ〜Ｃは、６０質量％程度の水分を含んでいる。ここで、Ｉｇ・Ｌｏｓｓ（ignition loss）とは強熱減量を示し、有機物の量の指標である。また、表２に示すように、汚泥物Ａは、銅（Ｃｕ）、カドミウム（Ｃｄ）、鉛（Ｐｂ）、亜鉛（Ｚｎ）、六価クロム（Ｃｒ6+）、ヒ素（Ａｓ）、総水銀（Ｔ・Ｈｇ）、及びセレン（Ｓｅ）（以下、総称して有害金属という）の溶出は見られなかった。なお、表中の「ｔｒ」はその化学物質が検出されなかったことを示している。また、汚泥物Ｂ及び汚泥物Ｃは、銅を除く他の有害金属の溶出が認められた。 As shown in Table 1, the sludges A to C contain about 60% by mass of water. Here, Ig · Loss (ignition loss) indicates a loss on ignition and is an index of the amount of organic matter. As shown in Table 2, sludge A is composed of copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), hexavalent chromium (Cr 6+ ), arsenic (As), total mercury. No elution of (T · Hg) and selenium (Se) (hereinafter collectively referred to as hazardous metals) was observed. “Tr” in the table indicates that the chemical substance was not detected. In addition, the sludge B and the sludge C were found to elute other harmful metals excluding copper.
次に、本発明の一実施の形態に係る石こう廃棄物を使用した汚泥の処理方法により、汚泥物Ａ〜Ｃのいずれか１又は２以上を表３〜表５に示す配合比に従って焼石こう及び／又はセメントと混合して固化物Ｎｏ．１〜４８（以下、それぞれ固化物１〜固化物４８という）を製造する。なお、固化物、１〜３、７〜９、１８〜２０、２８〜３０は比較例であって、焼石こうが混合されていない。 Next, according to the method for treating sludge using gypsum waste according to one embodiment of the present invention, any one or two or more of sludges A to C according to the blending ratio shown in Tables 3 to 5 and / Or mixed with cement to give a solidified product No. 1 to 48 (hereinafter referred to as solidified product 1 to solidified product 48, respectively) are produced. In addition, solidified material, 1-3, 7-9, 18-20, 28-30 are comparative examples, and a calcined gypsum is not mixed.
焼石こうは、以下の方法で製造した。まず、石こう廃棄物の一例である廃石こうボードを粒径が約２０ｍｍ以下になるように破砕した後、篩い分けして紙類を除去して、２水石こうを主体とする石こう主体物を得た。この石こう主体物をドライヤー方式のロータリーキルンを用いて、１３０〜１９０℃、好ましくは１３０〜１６０℃、例えば１５０℃で３０〜１２０分間、例えば６０分間加熱して、半水石こう及び無水石こうのいずれか一方又は双方を含む焼石こうを製造し、更にミルで粒径が約０.５ｍｍ以下となるように粉砕したものを用いて実験を行った。 The calcined gypsum was produced by the following method. First, waste gypsum board, which is an example of gypsum waste, is crushed so that the particle size is about 20 mm or less, and then sieved to remove paper to obtain a gypsum main body mainly composed of 2-water gypsum. It was. The gypsum main body is heated at 130 to 190 ° C., preferably 130 to 160 ° C., for example, 150 ° C. for 30 to 120 minutes, for example 60 minutes, using a dryer-type rotary kiln, and either one of hemihydrate gypsum and anhydrous gypsum An experiment was performed using a calcined gypsum containing one or both of them and further pulverizing them with a mill so that the particle size was about 0.5 mm or less.
また、セメントとしては市販の普通ポルトランドセメントを使用した。混合はＪＩＳモルタルミキサーで行い、混練り後、ＪＩＳ型枠（４×４×１６ｃｍ）に打設し脱型後、標準養生を行い所定日（例えば、１４日後）に曲げ及び圧縮強さを測定し、更に、その破片を環境庁告示１３号のロの試験方法に従って溶出試験を行った。その結果を表６〜表８に示す。なお、表中の硬さは手で握っての硬さを測定し、「◎」は非常に硬い、「○」は硬い、「△」は若干固化している、「×」は固化していない、「−」は測定していないことを示す。また、圧縮の値は、アムスラー圧縮機で測定した結果を示す。 As the cement, commercially available ordinary Portland cement was used. Mixing is done with a JIS mortar mixer. After kneading, placing in a JIS formwork (4x4x16cm), demolding, standard curing, and measuring bending and compressive strength on a predetermined day (for example, 14 days later) Further, the debris was subjected to an elution test in accordance with the test method of the Environmental Agency Notification No. 13 (b). The results are shown in Tables 6-8. The hardness in the table is measured by gripping with a hand. “◎” is very hard, “○” is hard, “△” is slightly solidified, “×” is solidified. No, “-” indicates that no measurement was performed. Moreover, the value of compression shows the result measured with the Amsler compressor.
（固化物１〜１７について）
汚泥物Ａは、表２に示すように有害金属の溶出は見られず、また、汚泥物Ａから製造した固化物１〜１７においても有害金属の溶出は見られなかった。ここで、セメントを含まず焼石こうのみを添加した固化物４〜６、１０〜１３において、焼石こうの含有量が１０質量％の固化物４〜６では固化し難く、２０質量％以上（３０質量％）である固化物１０〜１３では固化し、焼石こうの添加量が多い方が固化される結果となった。なお、焼石こうを含まずセメントのみを添加した固化物１〜３、７〜９（これらは比較例である）においても、セメントの添加量が、１０質量％である固化物１〜３は固化し難く、３０質量％である固化物７〜９では固化し、セメントの添加量が多い方が固化される結果となった。
(About solidified products 1-17)
As shown in Table 2, the sludge A did not show any leaching of harmful metals, and no leaching of harmful metals was observed in the solidified products 1 to 17 produced from the sludge A. Here, in the solidified materials 4 to 6 and 10 to 13 to which only the calcined gypsum was added without containing cement, the solidified materials 4 to 6 having a content of the calcined gypsum of 10% by mass are difficult to solidify and are 20% by mass or more (30 The solidified products 10 to 13 that are mass%) solidified, and the result was that the one with the larger amount of calcined gypsum was solidified. In addition, also in the solidified products 1-3 and 7-9 (these are comparative examples) which did not contain calcined gypsum and added only cement, the solidified products 1-3 in which the addition amount of cement is 10% by mass are solidified. It was difficult to solidify with solidified materials 7 to 9 of 30% by mass, and the result was that the more cement was added, the more solidified.
また、焼石こうを含まずセメントのみを添加した固化物７〜９と、セメントを含まず焼石こうのみを添加した固化物１０〜１３とを比較すると、焼石こうのみを含む固化物４〜６、１０〜１３の方が若干硬くなる傾向にあった。これは、水分の吸収がセメントよりも焼石こうの方が多く、初期から固化が促進されるためと思われる。なお、焼石こう及びセメントを含む固化物１４〜１７は更に硬くなり、強度が高くなる傾向となった。 Moreover, when comparing the solidified products 7 to 9 containing only cement without containing gypsum and the solidified products 10 to 13 containing only cement without containing cement, solidified products 4 to 6 containing only gypsum only, There was a tendency for 10 to 13 to be slightly harder. This seems to be because calcined gypsum absorbs more moisture than cement, and solidification is promoted from the beginning. In addition, the solidified materials 14 to 17 containing calcined gypsum and cement tended to become harder and stronger.
また、焼石こうを含みセメントを添加していない固化物４〜６、１０〜１３のｐＨはほぼ中性となり、地盤改良材、軟弱土固化材として使用し易い。また、焼石こう及びセメントを添加した固化物１４〜１７のｐＨは１１程度と高くなった。また、ポリ塩化アルミニウムを添加した固化物６、１２、１３、１６、１７は固化が促進される傾向にあり、急速に固化された。更に、金属溶出防止剤の添加によって強度が高くなる傾向となった。 Moreover, the pH of the solidified materials 4 to 6 and 10 to 13 containing calcined gypsum and not added with cement is almost neutral, and is easy to use as a ground improvement material and a soft soil solidifying material. Moreover, the pH of the solidified materials 14 to 17 to which calcined gypsum and cement were added was as high as about 11. Further, solidified products 6, 12, 13, 16, and 17 to which polyaluminum chloride was added tend to promote solidification, and rapidly solidified. Furthermore, the strength tended to increase with the addition of a metal elution inhibitor.
（固化物１８〜２７について）
汚泥物Ｂは、有機物が多いためセメントのみを３０質量％添加して製造した固化物１８〜２０（これらは比較例である）は固化されなかった。ここで、セメントの代わりに焼石こうを添加した固化物２１〜２３は若干固化され、更に、焼石こう及びセメントを添加した固化物２４〜２７は更に固化が促進されている。ここで、ポリ塩化アルミニウムを添加した固化物２３、２６、２７は固化が促進される傾向にあり、急速に固化された。また、セメントを添加した固化物２４〜２７のｐＨは１１程度と高くなった。また、セメントを含まない固化物２１〜２３のｐＨはほぼ中性となり、地盤改良材、軟弱土固化材として使用し易い。
(About solidified products 18-27)
Since sludge B has a large amount of organic matter, solidified products 18 to 20 manufactured by adding only 30% by mass of cement (these are comparative examples) were not solidified. Here, the solidified materials 21 to 23 to which calcined gypsum is added instead of cement are slightly solidified, and further, the solidified materials 24 to 27 to which calcined gypsum and cement are added are further solidified. Here, the solidified products 23, 26 and 27 to which polyaluminum chloride was added tended to promote solidification and rapidly solidified. Moreover, the pH of the solidified materials 24-27 to which cement was added was as high as about 11. Moreover, the pH of the solidified materials 21 to 23 containing no cement is almost neutral, and is easy to use as a ground improvement material or a soft soil solidification material.
汚泥物Ｂは銅を除く他の有害金属の溶出が認められ、固化物２４〜２６では、カドミウム、鉛、亜鉛、６価クロム、及びヒ素のいずれか１又は２以上が溶出しているが、固化物２７のように金属溶出防止剤である硫酸第一鉄、ポリ塩化アルミニウム、炭酸ナトリウム、及び硫酸アルミニウムをそれぞれ所定量添加することにより、有害金属の溶出を防止することができた。更に、金属溶出防止剤の添加によって強度が高くなる傾向となった。 In the sludge B, elution of other harmful metals except for copper is observed, and in the solidified products 24-26, one or more of cadmium, lead, zinc, hexavalent chromium, and arsenic are eluted, By adding predetermined amounts of ferrous sulfate, polyaluminum chloride, sodium carbonate, and aluminum sulfate, which are metal elution inhibitors, like the solidified product 27, elution of harmful metals could be prevented. Furthermore, the strength tended to increase with the addition of a metal elution inhibitor.
（固化物２８〜３９について）
汚泥物Ｃは、有機物及び水分が多いためセメントのみを３０質量％添加して製造した固化物２８〜３０（これらは比較例である）は固化されなかった。ここで、セメントの代わりに焼石こうを添加した固化物３１、３２は若干固化され、焼石こうにポリ塩化アルミニウムを添加した固化物３３、３４は固化が促進される傾向にあり、急速に固化された。更に、焼石こう及びセメントを添加した固化物３５〜３９はより強度が高く、また、ポリ塩化アルミニウムを添加したものは固化が促進された。また、セメントを添加した固化物３５〜３９のｐＨは１１程度と高くなった。また、セメントを含まない固化物３１〜３４のｐＨはほぼ中性となり、地盤改良材、軟弱土固化材として使用し易い。
(About solidified products 28-39)
Since sludge C has a lot of organic matter and moisture, solidified products 28 to 30 produced by adding only 30% by mass of cement (these are comparative examples) were not solidified. Here, the solidified products 31 and 32 obtained by adding calcined gypsum instead of cement are slightly solidified, and the solidified products 33 and 34 obtained by adding polyaluminum chloride to the calcined gypsum tend to be solidified and rapidly solidified. It was. Furthermore, solidified products 35 to 39 to which calcined gypsum and cement were added had higher strength, and those to which polyaluminum chloride was added promoted solidification. Moreover, the pH of the solidified materials 35 to 39 to which cement was added was as high as about 11. Moreover, the pH of the solidified materials 31 to 34 containing no cement is almost neutral, and is easy to use as a ground improvement material or a soft soil solidification material.
汚泥物Ｃは銅を除く他の有害金属の溶出が認められ、固化物３１〜３８では、カドミウム、鉛、亜鉛、６価クロム、及びヒ素のいずれか１又は２以上が溶出しているが、固化物３９のように金属溶出防止剤である硫酸第一鉄、ポリ塩化アルミニウム、及び炭酸ナトリウムをそれぞれ所定量添加することにより、有害金属の溶出を防止することができた。更に、金属溶出防止剤の添加によって強度が高くなる傾向となった。 In the sludge C, elution of other harmful metals other than copper is observed, and in the solidified products 31 to 38, one or more of cadmium, lead, zinc, hexavalent chromium, and arsenic are eluted, By adding predetermined amounts of ferrous sulfate, polyaluminum chloride, and sodium carbonate, which are metal elution inhibitors, like the solidified product 39, it was possible to prevent the elution of harmful metals. Furthermore, the strength tended to increase with the addition of a metal elution inhibitor.
（固化物４０〜４８について）
更に、汚泥物Ａと、汚泥物Ｂ及び汚泥物Ｃのいずれか一方又は双方を混合した汚泥物と、焼石こう及びセメントとを混合した固化物４０〜４８では、ｐＨは１１程度と高くなったが、強度が高くなる傾向にあり、有害金属の溶出もほとんどなかった。
(About solidified material 40-48)
Further, in the sludge A, the sludge obtained by mixing one or both of the sludge B and the sludge C, and the solidified product 40 to 48 obtained by mixing the calcined gypsum and cement, the pH was as high as about 11. However, the strength tended to increase and there was almost no leaching of harmful metals.
本発明は、前記した実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の要旨を変更しない範囲での変更は可能であり、例えば、前記したそれぞれの実施の形態や変形例の一部又は全部を組み合わせて本発明の石こう廃棄物を使用した汚泥の処理方法を構成する場合も本発明の権利範囲に含まれる。
例えば、前記実施の形態の石こう廃棄物を使用した汚泥の処理方法において、石こう廃棄物として廃石こうボードを用いたが、使用済みのマネキン等を使用してもよい。
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be changed without changing the gist of the present invention. For example, some or all of the above-described embodiments and modifications are possible. The sludge treatment method using the gypsum waste according to the present invention in combination with each other is also included in the scope of the right of the present invention.
For example, although the waste gypsum board is used as the gypsum waste in the sludge treatment method using the gypsum waste according to the embodiment, a used mannequin or the like may be used.
Claims (2)
建設汚泥、軟弱土、及び工場発生汚泥のいずれか１及び２以上を有する汚泥物と前記焼石こうとを混合し、得られた混合物に（１）水、（２）セメント、（３）硫化ナトリウム及び炭酸ナトリウムのいずれか１と、硫酸第一鉄、硫酸アルミニウム、及びポリ塩化アルミニウムのいずれか１又は２以上とを組合せた金属溶出防止剤を加えて混練して塊状又は粒状の固化物を得て、しかも、前記混合物中に前記焼石こうは１０〜２１質量％、前記セメントは７〜１０質量％、前記金属溶出防止剤は０を超え２質量％以下それぞれ含まれていることを特徴とする石こう廃棄物を使用した汚泥の処理方法。 After the gypsum waste is crushed and the gypsum main body contained in the gypsum waste is obtained, the gypsum waste produced by heating the gypsum main body is mixed with the sludge. There,
The sludge having any one or more of construction sludge, soft soil, and factory-generated sludge is mixed with the calcined gypsum, and (1) water , (2) cement, (3) sodium sulfide in the resulting mixture. And a metal elution inhibitor comprising a combination of any one of sodium carbonate and one or more of ferrous sulfate, aluminum sulfate, and polyaluminum chloride, and kneaded to obtain a block or granular solidified product In addition, the mixture includes 10 to 21% by mass of the calcined gypsum, 7 to 10% by mass of the cement, and more than 0 to 2% by mass or less of the metal dissolution inhibitor. A sludge treatment method using gypsum waste.
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