JP4487486B2 - Liquid crystal device, projection display device, electronic device - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a liquid crystal device, a projection display device, and an electronic apparatus, and more particularly to a technique for obtaining high brightness and high contrast display in a vertical alignment mode liquid crystal device.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Liquid crystal devices are widely used as light modulation means (light valves) in, for example, direct view displays and projection display devices. The alignment mode of the liquid crystal includes a twisted nematic (hereinafter abbreviated as TN) mode in which the liquid crystal molecules are twisted in a direction substantially parallel to the substrate surface and perpendicular to the substrate when no voltage is applied. There is a vertical alignment mode in which liquid crystal molecules are aligned vertically when no voltage is applied. Conventionally, the TN mode has been the mainstream from the viewpoint of reliability and the like, but the vertical alignment mode liquid crystal device has attracted attention because the vertical alignment mode has some excellent characteristics. For example, in the vertical alignment mode, the state in which liquid crystal molecules are aligned perpendicular to the substrate surface (no optical retardation as viewed from the normal direction) is used as black display, so the quality of black display is good and high contrast is achieved. Is obtained. Further, in the vertical alignment type liquid crystal device having excellent front contrast, the viewing angle range in which a constant contrast can be obtained is wider than that of the TN liquid crystal in the horizontal alignment mode. Furthermore, if an alignment division (multi-domain) technique for dividing the alignment direction of the liquid crystal in the pixel is employed, a very wide viewing angle can be obtained.
[0003]
In the liquid crystal molecules in the vertical alignment mode, the alignment vector at the time of voltage application is restricted only by the angle with respect to the electric field direction, and the azimuth angle about the electric field direction is open. Therefore, depending on the situation such as unevenness on the substrate constituting the liquid crystal cell and the lateral electric field generated between adjacent pixels, the liquid crystal molecules may fall in any azimuth direction in the entire region within the pixel region when a voltage is applied. For example, as a result of surrounding liquid crystal molecules falling in different directions, a situation may occur in which liquid crystal molecules existing at the boundary do not fall in any direction. At this boundary portion, the transmittance of the liquid crystal is lower than the others, so that even if the display is originally white, the portion appears to be black. This kind of phenomenon is called disclination. The occurrence of disclination significantly reduces the display quality.
[0004]
Therefore, means for suppressing disclination in the vertical alignment mode are disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 below. In Patent Document 1, an orientation control electrode is provided on a TFT (Thin Film Transistor) substrate in addition to a pixel electrode, and the orientation angle of the orientation vector is controlled by appropriately setting the potential of the orientation control electrode. It is described to prevent. On the other hand, Patent Document 2 describes that disclination is prevented by limiting the mutual relationship among parameters such as the substrate interval, the spiral pitch of the liquid crystal, and the frame frequency during driving.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-230097 [Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-122615
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, one application of the liquid crystal device is a light valve for a projection display device, and in recent years, a projection liquid crystal display device (liquid crystal projector) has been widely used. In particular, when considering application to a liquid crystal light valve, the pixel size is much smaller than that of a direct-view display. In direct-view displays as well, in recent years, the demand for higher definition has become stronger, and the pixel size tends to be smaller. However, the smaller the pixel size, the larger the area ratio of display defects due to the above-mentioned disclination with respect to the pixel, and the deterioration of the display quality becomes remarkable.
[0007]
Thus, the above two patent documents describe means for preventing disclination, but none of these means is suitable for purposes such as pixel miniaturization and display high definition. Has a point.
For example, in the case of Patent Document 1, since the alignment control electrode must be formed on the TFT substrate, the wiring structure becomes complicated, and there is a risk that the manufacturing process may be restricted or the yield may be reduced. In addition, since it is necessary to dispose the alignment control electrode so as to cross the center of the pixel, there is a problem that the aperture ratio is reduced and a bright display cannot be obtained. On the other hand, in the case of Patent Document 2, numerical values such as the substrate interval, the spiral pitch of the liquid crystal, and the frame frequency at the time of driving are limited. Therefore, the cell structure, the liquid crystal material to be used, the driving method, etc. It will be extremely small.
[0008]
The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and a liquid crystal device capable of suppressing a reduction in display quality due to disclination without complicating the substrate structure or impairing the degree of freedom in design, It is another object of the present invention to provide a projection display device and an electronic apparatus using the same.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, in the liquid crystal device of the present invention, electrodes are provided on surfaces of a pair of substrates arranged opposite to each other, and a liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between the pair of substrates, and a plurality of substrates are provided. A liquid crystal device including a liquid crystal cell in which pixel regions are arranged in a matrix, wherein the liquid crystal layer is made of a liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy in which an initial alignment state is vertical alignment, Disclination fixing means for fixing the position where the disclination occurs in the liquid crystal layer when an electric field is applied is provided, and the incident light is collected at a location other than the location where the disclination is generated by the disclination fixing means. A light means is provided.
[0010]
The present invention does not provide a means for preventing or suppressing disclination as in the above-mentioned patent document, and avoids the occurrence of disclination after intentionally generating disclination at a specific position. It is used for display, and as a result, it tries to eliminate display defects. However, the occurrence of disclination in the conventional liquid crystal device does not necessarily occur at a predetermined location of a predetermined pixel, and the generation location varies depending on the state of the substrate and the electric field application state of each pixel at that time. Therefore, in the present invention, the disclination fixing means for fixing the position where the disclination is generated in the liquid crystal layer when an electric field is applied is provided in each pixel region. That is, the occurrence location is not different as in the past, but disclination always occurs at a fixed location in the pixel. Therefore, by providing an appropriate condensing means, incident light can be condensed at a location other than the location where the disclination occurs, and a portion where the liquid crystal is normally oriented in the pixel region can be used for display. . As a result, it is possible to suppress deterioration in display quality due to disclination without complicating the substrate structure and reducing the degree of freedom in device design.
[0011]
Specifically, the disclination fixing means includes an opening provided in at least one electrode on the pair of substrates, a recess provided in at least one electrode on the pair of substrates, and at least of the pair of substrates. One of the convex portions projecting from one side toward the liquid crystal layer can be used.
For example, when an opening is provided in the electrode, an electric field is not applied to a region corresponding to the opening in the liquid crystal layer, so that the liquid crystal molecules in that region are not tilted even when an electric field is applied, resulting in disclination. When the electrode is provided with a recess, the electric field is distorted in the vicinity of the recess, and a regulating force that orients the liquid crystal molecules around the recess in different directions according to the distorted electric field acts. As a result, the liquid crystal molecules do not fall in the region corresponding to the recess. It becomes disclination. In addition, when a convex portion is provided on the substrate, a regulating force that orients liquid crystal molecules around the convex portion in a different direction due to the shape effect of the convex portion protruding into the liquid crystal layer works, and as a result, liquid crystal is produced in the region corresponding to the convex portion. The molecules do not fall and become disclinations.
[0012]
The condensing means may be constituted by a microlens array provided on the light incident side of the pair of substrates.
According to this configuration, by adjusting the positional relationship between each microlens and each pixel region constituting the microlens array, or by devising the shape of the microlens (for example, making it asymmetric with respect to the incident optical axis). The incident light can be condensed at a desired position avoiding the disclination occurrence place.
[0013]
Also, the disclination occurrence position by the disclination fixing means is set to be one end side in one pixel region, and the condensing position of incident light by the condensing means is set to be the other end side. It is desirable that
For example, when disclination is generated in the center of the pixel area, incident light must be condensed on the peripheral edge of the pixel area, and the condensing spot diameter is limited. When pixels become finer, it becomes difficult to cope with them. Therefore, if the location where the disclination occurs is brought to one side of the pixel area and the light is condensed on the opposite side, it becomes easy to handle even if the pixel is miniaturized, and the degree of freedom in designing the light condensing means is improved. .
[0014]
A projection display device according to the present invention includes the above-described liquid crystal device according to the present invention.
According to this configuration, by providing the liquid crystal device of the present invention, it is possible to provide a projection display device capable of high brightness, high contrast, and high definition display.
[0015]
An electronic apparatus according to the present invention includes the liquid crystal device according to the present invention.
According to this configuration, it is possible to provide an electronic apparatus having a high-brightness, high-contrast, high-definition liquid crystal display unit by including the liquid crystal device of the present invention.
[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[First Embodiment]
A first embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.
The liquid crystal device of this embodiment is an example of an active matrix liquid crystal device using a thin film transistor (hereinafter abbreviated as TFT) as a switching element.
FIG. 1 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a plurality of dots arranged in a matrix constituting the image display area of the liquid crystal device of the present embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the structure of a plurality of adjacent dots on the TFT array substrate. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the liquid crystal device. In each of the following drawings, the scale of each layer and each member is different in order to make each layer and each member recognizable on the drawing.
[0017]
In the liquid crystal device according to the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix that forms an image display region are provided with a pixel electrode 9 and a switching element for controlling the pixel electrode 9. Each TFT 30 is formed, and a data line 6 a to which an image signal is supplied is electrically connected to the source of the TFT 30. Image signals S1, S2,..., Sn to be written to the data line 6a are supplied line-sequentially in this order, or are supplied for each group to a plurality of adjacent data lines 6a. Further, the scanning line 3a is electrically connected to the gate of the TFT 30, and the scanning signals G1, G2,..., Gm are applied to the plurality of scanning lines 3a in a pulse-sequential manner at a predetermined timing. Further, the pixel electrode 9 is electrically connected to the drain of the TFT 30, and by turning on the TFT 30 as a switching element for a certain period, the image signals S1, S2,. Write at the timing.
[0018]
A predetermined level of image signals S1, S2,..., Sn written to the liquid crystal via the pixel electrode 9 is held for a certain period with the common electrode described later. The liquid crystal modulates light by changing the orientation and order of the molecular assembly according to the applied voltage level, thereby enabling gradation display. Here, in order to prevent the held image signal from leaking, a storage capacitor 70 is added in parallel with the liquid crystal capacitor formed between the pixel electrode 9 and the common electrode. Reference numeral 3b denotes a capacity line.
[0019]
Next, the planar structure of the TFT array substrate constituting the liquid crystal device of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
As shown in FIG. 2, on the TFT array substrate, a plurality of rectangular pixel electrodes 9 (contours are indicated by dotted line portions 9A) are provided in a matrix, and along the vertical and horizontal boundaries of the pixel electrodes 9, respectively. A data line 6a, a scanning line 3a, and a capacitor line 3b are provided. In the present embodiment, each pixel electrode 9 and the inner side of the region where the data line 6a, the scanning line 3a, the capacitor line 3b, etc. arranged so as to surround each pixel electrode 9 are formed is one pixel region. The display is made possible for each pixel region arranged in a matrix.
[0020]
The data line 6a is electrically connected to a source region, which will be described later, of the semiconductor layer 1a that constitutes the TFT 30, for example, a polysilicon film, via a contact hole 5, and the pixel electrode 9 is connected to the semiconductor layer 1a. Among these, it is electrically connected to a drain region described later via a contact hole 8. Further, in the semiconductor layer 1a, the scanning line 3a is disposed so as to face the channel region (the region with the oblique line rising to the left in the drawing), and the scanning line 3a functions as a gate electrode in a portion facing the channel region. .
[0021]
The capacitance line 3b is formed from a main line portion (that is, a first region formed along the scanning line 3a in plan view) extending substantially linearly along the scanning line 3a and a location intersecting the data line 6a. And a protruding portion (that is, a second region extending along the data line 6 a when viewed in a plan view) protruding toward the previous stage (upward in the drawing) along the data line 6 a. In FIG. 2, a plurality of light shielding films 11 a are provided in a region indicated by a diagonal line rising to the right.
[0022]
More specifically, each of the light shielding films 11a is provided at a position that covers the TFT 30 including the channel region of the semiconductor layer 1a when viewed from the TFT array substrate side, and is further opposed to the main line portion of the capacitor line 3b. It has a main line portion that extends linearly along the scanning line 3a, and a protruding portion that protrudes along the data line 6a from a position intersecting the data line 6a to the rear side (that is, downward in the drawing). The tip of the downward projecting portion in each stage (pixel row) of the light shielding film 11a overlaps the tip of the upward projecting portion of the capacitor line 3b in the next stage under the data line 6a. A contact hole 13 for electrically connecting the light shielding film 11a and the capacitor line 3b to each other is provided at the overlapping portion. That is, in the present embodiment, the light shielding film 11a is electrically connected to the upstream or downstream capacitor line 3b through the contact hole 13.
[0023]
Next, a cross-sectional structure of the liquid crystal device of the present embodiment will be described based on FIG. This embodiment is characterized by the configuration of the electrode and the microlens array, and the cross-sectional structure of the TFT, storage capacitor, other wiring, light shielding film, and the like is not different from the conventional one, and illustration and description thereof are omitted.
[0024]
As shown in FIG. 3, the TFT array substrate 10 and the counter substrate 25 are arranged to face each other, and a liquid crystal layer made of a liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy in which the initial alignment state is vertical alignment between the substrates 10 and 25. 50 is sandwiched. The TFT array substrate 10 is made of a translucent material such as quartz or glass, and the TFT 30 is formed on the inner surface (the surface in contact with the liquid crystal layer). The TFT 30 includes a gate electrode 12 connected to the scanning line 3a, a semiconductor layer 1a having a source region 1s, a drain region 1d, and the like. The drain region 1d includes indium tin oxide (hereinafter referred to as ITO). A pixel electrode 9 made of a transparent conductive film is connected. An alignment film 14 that has been subjected to a vertical alignment process is formed on the outermost surface of the TFT array substrate 10. On the other hand, the counter substrate 25 is made of a light-transmitting material such as quartz or glass, and a common electrode 16 made of a transparent conductive film such as ITO is formed on the inner surface (the surface in contact with the liquid crystal layer 50). Similar to the TFT array substrate 10, an alignment film 18 that has been subjected to a vertical alignment process is formed on the outermost surface of the counter substrate 25.
[0025]
In the case of an active matrix liquid crystal device, a solid common electrode is usually formed on the entire surface on the counter substrate side. In the present embodiment, the common electrode 16 has one opening for each pixel region. 16c (a portion where the ITO film does not exist, disclination fixing means) is formed. Here, if a region where the pixel electrode 9 exists is defined as a pixel region G, the position of the opening 16c is formed at a position deviating from the center Gc of the pixel region G. In FIG. It is formed at a position to the left of the position. Although the planar shape of the opening 16c is not particularly limited, it can be formed in a rectangular shape, for example, as shown in FIG.
[0026]
On the outer surface (surface opposite to the surface in contact with the liquid crystal layer) side of the counter substrate 25, a microlens array 21 (light condensing means) is installed at a position separated from the counter substrate 25 by a predetermined distance. The microlens array 21 has a plurality of microlenses 22 arranged in a matrix. In the present embodiment, the pitch of each microlens 22 is the same as the pixel pitch, but the center Rc of each microlens 22 is not at the center Gc of the pixel region G, and the center of the pixel region G in FIG. The microlens array 21 is aligned with the liquid crystal cell 24 so as to be located on the right side of Gc. The microlens array 21 is desirably fixed to the liquid crystal cell 24 by an arbitrary fixing means after being aligned at an optimal position. The incident light L is configured to be transmitted in the order of the microlens array 21, the counter substrate 25, the liquid crystal layer 50, and the TFT array substrate 10, and the light L incident on the microlens array 21 is located on the right side of the pixel region G. The light is condensed at a predetermined spot diameter.
[0027]
In the liquid crystal device having the above configuration, the opening 16c is formed in the common electrode 16 on the counter substrate 25, and an electric field is not applied to a region corresponding to the opening 16c in the liquid crystal layer 50. The molecules do not fall even when an electric field is applied, and are always places where disclination occurs (indicated by reference numeral D in FIG. 3). Since the microlens array 21 is arranged at an appropriate position on the light incident side of the liquid crystal cell 24, the incident light L can be condensed at a location other than the location where the disclination occurs. A portion where the liquid crystal molecules are normally aligned can be used for display. As a result, it is possible to suppress deterioration in display quality due to disclination without separately providing an alignment control electrode as in the prior art or reducing the degree of freedom in device design.
[0028]
In particular, in the case of the present embodiment, the disclination occurrence point D is set to be one end side (left side in FIG. 3) in one pixel region G, and the condensing position of the incident light L is the other end side (see FIG. 3 (right side). As shown in FIG. 4A, when the disclination D is generated in the center of the pixel region G, the incident light L must be condensed on the periphery of the pixel region G. Therefore, it is difficult to collect light by the microlens array 21. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 4B, the location where the disclination D is generated is moved to one side of the pixel area depending on the position of the opening 16c of the common electrode 16, and the condensing position Ls is set to the opposite side. Thus, even if the pixels are miniaturized, it is easy to cope with the effect, and the degree of freedom in designing the microlens array 21 is improved. Further, in the present embodiment, the pixel region G is configured to condense on the far side from the TFT 30, so that the leakage light from the incident light L hardly enters the TFT 30, and the light leakage current of the TFT 30 can be suppressed. The effect is also obtained.
[0029]
[Projection type liquid crystal device]
FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example of a so-called three-plate projection type liquid crystal display device (liquid crystal projector) using three liquid crystal devices of the above embodiment as light modulation means (light valves). In the figure, reference numeral 1100 denotes a light source, 1108 denotes a dichroic mirror, 1106 denotes a reflecting mirror, 1122, 1123 and 1124 denote relay lenses, 100R, 100G and 100B denote liquid crystal light valves, 1112 denotes a cross dichroic prism, and 1114 denotes a projection lens system. .
[0030]
The light source 1100 includes a lamp 1102 such as a metal halide and a reflector 1101 that reflects light from the lamp 1102. The blue / green light reflecting dichroic mirror 1108 transmits red light of white light from the light source 1100 and reflects blue light and green light. The transmitted red light is reflected by the reflection mirror 1106 and is incident on the red light liquid crystal light valve 100R.
[0031]
On the other hand, of the color light reflected by the dichroic mirror 1108, green light is reflected by the dichroic mirror 1108 reflecting green light and is incident on the green liquid crystal light valve 100G. On the other hand, the blue light also passes through the second dichroic mirror 1108. For blue light, in order to compensate for the difference in optical path length from green light and red light, light guide means 1121 comprising a relay lens system including an incident lens 1122, a relay lens 1123, and an output lens 1124 is provided, Through this, the blue light is incident on the blue light liquid crystal light valve 100B. Although not shown, the microlens array in the liquid crystal device of the above embodiment is provided on the incident side of each color liquid crystal light valve 100R, 100G, 100B.
[0032]
The three color lights modulated by the light valves 100R, 100G, and 100B are incident on the cross dichroic prism 1112. In this prism, four right-angle prisms are bonded together, and a dielectric multilayer film that reflects red light and a dielectric multilayer film that reflects blue light are formed in a cross shape on the inner surface thereof. These dielectric multilayer films combine the three color lights to form light representing a color image. The synthesized light is projected onto the screen 1120 by the projection lens system 1114 which is a projection optical system, and the image is enlarged and displayed.
[0033]
In the projection type liquid crystal display device having the above configuration, by using the liquid crystal device of the above embodiment, it is possible to realize a projection type liquid crystal display device excellent in display quality of high brightness, high contrast, and high definition.
[0034]
[Electronics]
Next, specific examples of the electronic apparatus including the liquid crystal device according to the above embodiment of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing an example of a mobile phone. In FIG. 5, reference numeral 500 denotes a mobile phone body, and reference numeral 501 denotes a liquid crystal display unit using the liquid crystal device. Note that when the liquid crystal device is mounted on this type of electronic apparatus, the microlens array may be positioned between the backlight serving as the light source of the liquid crystal device and the liquid crystal cell.
[0035]
Since the electronic device illustrated in FIG. 5 includes the liquid crystal display portion using the liquid crystal device of the above embodiment, an electronic device including a high-luminance, high contrast, high-definition liquid crystal display portion can be realized. it can.
[0036]
The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, in the above embodiment, an example was given in which an opening was provided in the common electrode as a disclination fixing means, but other than that, a recess was formed in the substrate itself or an arbitrary film laminated thereon, and its shape was reflected. It is good also as a structure which forms a recessed part in an electrode by making it. When the electrode is provided with a recess, the electric field is distorted in the vicinity of the recess, and the regulating force that orients the liquid crystal molecules around the recess in different directions acts. As a result, the liquid crystal molecules do not fall in the region corresponding to the recess, and disclination is intended. Can be generated automatically. Or it is good also as a structure which forms the convex part which consists of resin materials etc. on a board | substrate. When a convex portion is provided on the substrate, a regulating force that orients liquid crystal molecules around the convex portion in different directions acts, and as a result, liquid crystal molecules do not fall in the region corresponding to the convex portion, and disclination is intentionally generated. be able to. Further, the position where the opening, the concave portion, and the convex portion are provided may be provided not only on the counter substrate side but also on the element substrate side, and may be provided on both substrates. You may use combining an opening part, a recessed part, and a convex part suitably.
[0037]
In the above embodiment, an example in which the present invention is applied to an active matrix liquid crystal device using TFT as a switching element has been described. However, an active matrix liquid crystal device using a thin film diode (TFD) switching element, passive The present invention can also be applied to a matrix type liquid crystal display device or the like. In addition, specific descriptions regarding materials, shapes, and the like of various components can be appropriately changed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a liquid crystal device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the structure of a plurality of pixels of the liquid crystal device.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the liquid crystal device.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a relationship between a disclination occurrence location and a light collection location.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view illustrating an example of an electronic apparatus according to the invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example of a projection display device of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 9 ... Pixel electrode, 10 ... TFT array substrate, 16 ... Common electrode, 16c ... Opening (disclination fixing means), 25 ... Opposite substrate, 50 ... Liquid crystal layer, D ... Disclination generation | occurrence | production location, L ... Incident light

Claims (7)

A liquid crystal device comprising a liquid crystal cell in which electrodes are provided on opposite surfaces of a pair of substrates arranged opposite to each other, a liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between the pair of substrates, and a plurality of pixel regions are arranged in a matrix. Because
The liquid crystal layer is made of a liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy in which the initial alignment state is vertical alignment, and a disclination fixing means for fixing a position where the disclination occurs in the liquid crystal layer when an electric field is applied A condensing means for condensing incident light at a place other than the place where the disclination is generated by the disclination fixing means is provided,
The condensing means is composed of a microlens array in which a plurality of microlenses provided on the light incident side of the pair of substrates are arranged in a matrix, and the pitch of the microlenses is the same as the pitch of the pixel regions And
The location where the disclination is generated by the disclination fixing means is arranged to be shifted from the center position in the pixel area to one end side in each pixel area, while the center of each of the microlenses is the center position A liquid crystal device, wherein the liquid crystal device is displaced from the other end side .   The liquid crystal device according to claim 1, wherein the disclination fixing means is an opening provided in at least one electrode on the pair of substrates.   The liquid crystal device according to claim 1, wherein the disclination fixing means is a recess provided in at least one electrode on the pair of substrates.   2. The liquid crystal device according to claim 1, wherein the disclination fixing unit is a protrusion protruding from at least one of the pair of substrates toward the liquid crystal layer. A liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between a pair of opposed substrates, a plurality of pixel regions are arranged in a matrix, and pixel electrodes corresponding to the pixel regions are formed on the liquid crystal layer side of one of the substrates. A liquid crystal device in which a common electrode facing the plurality of pixel electrodes is formed on the liquid crystal layer side of the other substrate,
The liquid crystal layer is made of a liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy in which the initial alignment state is vertical alignment, and a disclination fixing means for fixing a position where the disclination occurs in the liquid crystal layer when an electric field is applied A condensing means for condensing incident light at a place other than the place where the disclination is generated by the disclination fixing means is provided,
The condensing means is composed of a microlens array in which a plurality of microlenses provided on the light incident side of the pair of substrates are arranged in a matrix, and the pitch of the microlenses is the same as the pitch of the pixel regions And
The disclination fixing means is an opening or a recess provided in the common electrode, and is provided at a position inside the side edge of the pixel electrode and shifted from the center position of the pixel region,
The center of each said microlens is arrange | positioned in the position shifted in the direction different from the said disclination fixing means from the center position in the said pixel area. Projection display apparatus comprising the liquid crystal device according to any one of claims 1 to 5. An electronic apparatus comprising the liquid crystal device according to any one of claims 1 to 5 .

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