JP4487792B2 - Aircraft ventilation system - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an aircraft ventilation system, and more particularly, to an aircraft ventilation system that can reduce the weight with a simple structure and can efficiently ventilate by optimally adjusting the air flow rate from inside the aircraft to outside the aircraft. It is.

  In order to protect passengers from changes in external atmospheric pressure due to flight altitude and maintain an appropriate environment, the aircraft is equipped with a pressurizing device consisting of a supercharger, etc. Yes. In addition, the system has a system for ventilating the pressurized air inside the machine by controlling it with an outflow valve.

  For example, an outflow valve is equipped with a pressure sensor that detects the pressure in the machine. The pressure controller controls the opening and closing of the valve in response to a signal from the pressure sensor, and when the valve is opened, Air is exhausted outside the apparatus and ventilation is performed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

However, weight reduction is an important issue for aircraft, and it has been necessary to reduce the weight of the ventilation system as a simpler structure. Also, in this proposal, air is discharged outside the machine only by the internal pressure, so it is necessary to increase the overall internal pressure in order to ventilate the interior locally and rapidly, and there is a problem in terms of efficiency and performance. there were.
JP-A-11-222198

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide an aircraft ventilation system that can reduce the weight with a simple structure and that can efficiently ventilate air by optimally adjusting the air flow rate from the inside of the aircraft to the outside of the aircraft.

In order to achieve the above object, an aircraft ventilation system according to the present invention is an aircraft ventilation system that exhausts air inside the aircraft to the outside through a communication passage that communicates the inside and outside of the aircraft. A fan and a flow rate adjusting part for changing the shape of the passage of the communication path are provided, and the flow rate adjustment part includes a hollow body having a flexible part at least partially sealed with gas, and has an outer periphery of the communication path. When the pressure of the gas sealed inside the hollow body installed in the chamber becomes higher than the external atmospheric pressure, the hollow body automatically deforms and expands and deforms the flexible portion, thereby The cross-sectional area is reduced .

  According to the aircraft ventilation system of the present invention, in the aircraft ventilation system that exhausts the air inside the aircraft to the outside through the communication passage that communicates the inside and outside of the aircraft, the exhaust passage is provided in the communication passage. If the difference in air pressure between the inside and outside of the aircraft at the time of ground and low-altitude flight is small, even if the inside of the aircraft is not pressurized, the exhaust fan forcibly exhausts the air from the inside of the aircraft to the outside of the aircraft. And local ventilation is also possible.

On the other hand, a flow rate adjusting unit that changes the shape of the communication path is provided, and the flow rate adjusting unit includes a hollow body having a flexible portion at least partially sealed with gas, and is installed on the outer periphery of the communication path. When the pressure of the gas sealed inside the hollow body becomes higher than the external pressure, the hollow body automatically deforms the flexible portion to expand and deform, so that the cross-sectional area of the communication path is increased. When there is a large pressure difference between the inside and outside of the aircraft, such as during high altitude flight, the hollow body will automatically expand to reduce the passage cross-sectional area and increase the flow resistance. As described above, air can be prevented from being discharged outside the apparatus by the internal pressure. Since the hollow body contracts when flying on the ground and at low altitudes, the cross-sectional area required for ventilation is ensured.

  In this way, weight can be reduced with a simple structure without using a complicated device, and the hollow body with a flexible part automatically changes the shape of the communication path according to changes in the external atmospheric pressure due to the flight altitude of the aircraft In this way, it is possible to efficiently adjust the flow rate of air discharged from the inside of the machine to the outside of the machine optimally for efficient ventilation.

  DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, an aircraft ventilation system of the present invention will be described based on the embodiments shown in the drawings. FIG. 1 illustrates an overall outline of a ventilation system. In this embodiment, the ventilation system is applied in order to discharge the air A of the toilet booth 7 in the machine where ventilation is important to the outside of the machine. An exhaust fan 2 and a flow rate adjusting unit 3 are provided in the communication path 1 that opens from the toilet booth 7 to the outer wall 8 of the machine body and communicates with the outside of the machine. The outer diameter of the communication path 1 is, for example, about 30 mm. is there. The flow rate adjusting unit 3 is installed in a place that is not affected by the pressurization in the machine.

  An example of the flow rate adjusting unit 3 is shown in an enlarged manner in FIG. 2A shows a state in which the hollow body 4 having the flexible portion 5 described later is contracted (neutral state), and FIG. 2B shows a state in which the hollow body 4 is expanded. . The flow rate adjusting unit 3 includes a hollow body 4 having a flexible part 5 made of an elastic body such as a thin rubber layer, and seals the gas G inside the hollow body 4.

  Inside the hollow body 4, a stopper 6 comprising a fixed piece 6a and a movable piece 6b is provided. The fixed piece 6a is fixed to the rigid inner wall of the hollow body 4, the movable piece 6b has one end joined to the flexible portion 5 and the other end can be locked to the fixed piece 6a. The hollow body 4 is installed on the outer periphery of the communication path 1 such that the flexible portion 5 closes the opening of the communication path 1.

  Here, when the aircraft is flying on the ground and at low altitude, as shown in FIG. 2 (a), the difference in pressure between the inside of the hollow body 4 sealed with the gas G and the outside of the hollow body 4 which becomes the external pressure. The hollow body 4 is in a contracted state (neutral state), and the communication path 1 is a straight pipe having a substantially constant cross-sectional shape. At this time, the exhaust fan 2 provided in the middle of the communication path 1 is operated in order to exhaust the air A inside the toilet booth 7 to the outside of the apparatus for ventilation.

  The ventilation output of the exhaust fan 2 may be determined on the premise of the straight pipe communication path 1 in which the hollow body 4 is in a contracted state, that is, the communication path 1 in which the flow resistance is low. 1 can be reduced in size and weight.

  When the flight altitude of the aircraft increases, the external air pressure decreases, and the pressure of the gas G inside the hollow body 4 becomes higher than the external air pressure as shown in FIG. The body 4 is automatically expanded and deformed to reduce the cross-sectional area of the communication passage 1 and form a throttle. As a result, the flow path resistance of the communication path 1 increases.

  At this time, the inside of the machine is pressurized by a pressurizing device (not shown) to maintain an appropriate environment, and the air A of the toilet booth 7 is discharged from the communication passage 1 by this pressurization, but the flow resistance is Since it is large, the air A is not discharged more than necessary, and the load of the pressurizing device that pressurizes the inside of the machine can be reduced.

  In order to enable appropriate ventilation according to the flight altitude, data on the relationship between the flow resistance (air flow rate) due to expansion and deformation of the hollow body 4 and the external air pressure is collected in advance under various conditions. Based on this, the deformation rate and shape of the hollow body 4 (flexible part 5), the gas G to be sealed, its pressure, etc. are determined.

  In this way, it is possible to reduce the weight that is regarded as important in an aircraft without using a complicated device, and the hollow body 4 having the flexible portion 5 can be formed in accordance with the change in the external air pressure due to the flight altitude of the aircraft. The flow rate of the air discharged from the inside of the machine to the outside of the machine can be adjusted optimally by automatically changing the shape of the communication passage 1. In particular, the ventilation system is suitable for toilet booths, smoking booths, and the like that require high ventilation independently in a relatively small space.

  In this embodiment, even when the altitude is significantly lowered due to high altitude flight, the movable piece 6a is locked to the fixed piece 6b to restrict the expansion and deformation of the hollow body 4, and the communication path 1 has a minimum amount. Since a predetermined flow rate of the air A is ensured, poor ventilation is not caused. When the discharge of the air A is insufficient only by the pressurization, the exhaust fan 2 is operated.

  Further, in this embodiment, the two hollow bodies 4 are provided so as to face the outer periphery of the communication path 1, but the annular hollow body 4 may be formed so as to fit the communication path 1. The entire hollow body 4 can be made of the same material as that of the flexible portion 5. For example, the hollow body 4 made of an elastic body such as rubber can be used.

  FIG. 3 shows another example of the flow rate adjusting unit 3. 3A shows a state in which the hollow body 4 is contracted (neutral state), and FIG. 3B shows a state in which the hollow body 4 is expanded. The flow rate adjusting unit 3 is provided with a hollow body 4 formed of a thin rubber or the like that becomes a flexible portion 5 inside a housing having a rigid open surface. The gas G is sealed inside the hollow body 4. ing.

  The hollow body 4 is disposed on the outer periphery of the communication path 1, and the hollow body 4 contacts the outside of the communication path 1 from the opening surface of the housing. The portion 1a with which the hollow body 4 abuts is made of a flexible structure or material.

  When the aircraft is flying on the ground or at low altitude, the hollow body 4 is in a contracted (neutral) state as shown in FIG. 3A, and when flying at a high altitude, as shown in FIG. It becomes. This is the same principle as explained in FIG.

  However, in this example, the difference is that the portion 1 a that contacts the hollow body 4 of the communication path 1 is deformed by expansion and contraction deformation of the hollow body 4. That is, the hollow body 4 does not come into contact with the air A flowing through the communication passage 1 and can be prevented from being deteriorated due to fluid friction or the like.

  It is also possible to regulate the deformation of the hollow body 4 by using the portion 1a with which the hollow body 4 abuts. Of course, the stopper 6 can also be provided inside the hollow body 4 as in the previous example.

  In this embodiment, one hollow body 4 is provided on the outer periphery of the communication path 1, but a plurality of hollow bodies 4 may be provided, and one annular hollow body 4 may be provided so that the communication path 1 is fitted. Further, only a part of the hollow body 4 can be used as the flexible portion 5.

It is explanatory drawing which illustrates the whole outline | summary of the ventilation system of this invention. It is an enlarged view which shows an example of a flow volume adjustment part, (a) shows the state which the hollow body is shrink | contracting, (b) shows the state which is expanding. It is an enlarged view which shows the other example of a flow volume adjustment part, (a) shows the state which the hollow body is shrink | contracted, (b) shows the state which is expanding.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Communication path 1a Contact part with a hollow body 2 Exhaust fan 3 Flow volume adjustment part 4 Hollow body 5 Flexible part 6 Stopper 6a (Stopper) fixed piece 6b (Stopper) movable piece 7 Toilet booth 8 Body outer wall

Claims (3)

In an aircraft ventilation system that exhausts the air inside the aircraft to the outside through a communication passage that communicates between the inside and outside of the aircraft, an exhaust fan in the communication passage, and a flow rate adjusting unit that changes the shape of the communication passage And the flow rate adjusting portion includes a hollow body having a flexible portion at least partially sealed with a gas therein, and the pressure of the gas sealed inside the hollow body installed on the outer periphery of the communication path When the air pressure becomes higher than the outside air pressure, the hollow body automatically deforms the flexible portion to expand and deform, thereby reducing the cross-sectional area of the communication passage . The aircraft ventilation system according to claim 1, further comprising a stopper that restricts expansion and deformation of the hollow body and ensures a predetermined flow rate of air discharged through the communication passage.   The aircraft ventilation system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the communication path communicates an in-flight toilet booth with the outside of the aircraft.

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