JP4489537B2 - Carbon dioxide gas application method and carbon dioxide gas application device for greenhouse cultivation - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a carbon dioxide application method and an application device that artificially supply carbon dioxide to a crop (cultivated plant) grown in a greenhouse to promote growth.

  Greenhouse cultivation (facility cultivation, house cultivation) in which the crops of vegetables and fruits are soil-cultivated and hydroponically cultivated in the greenhouse improves the growth environment (temperature, light, humidity, water, wind, carbon dioxide) of the cultivated crop Because it can be controlled, it is also popular in horticulture. In the case of greenhouse cultivation, during the day, the side windows and skylights of the greenhouse are released and carbon dioxide from the outside air is introduced into the greenhouse to promote photosynthesis of cultivated crops. Carbon dioxide shortage may occur due to lack of ventilation, etc., and good growth of crops may be impaired. In addition, when the greenhouse is closed and the cultivated crop is photosynthesized in winter, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the greenhouse is significantly lower than the concentration in the atmosphere (about 350 ppm), and the growth of the cultivated crop may be suppressed. For this reason, in greenhouse cultivation, carbon dioxide is actively replenished in the greenhouse to adjust the concentration of carbon dioxide in the greenhouse to a concentration suitable for photosynthesis of cultivated crops.

Carbon dioxide in the greenhouse is controlled by diluting the carbon dioxide gas in the high purity of the carbon dioxide gas cylinder and the exhaust gas generated by burning propane gas, natural gas, and kerosene to an appropriate concentration. A method and an equipment for feeding to the machine are known (for example, see Patent Document 1).
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-296641

  In general, carbon dioxide application in greenhouse cultivation is performed so that the carbon dioxide concentration in the greenhouse is higher than the concentration in the atmosphere (about 700 to 1500 ppm), and activates the photosynthesis of the cultivated crop to grow. Promote and increase quality and yield. However, even if the high-concentration carbon dioxide gas fed into the greenhouse is diluted in the greenhouse with a blower fan or the like and applied to cultivated crops near the floor in the greenhouse, the carbon dioxide gas is flat throughout the greenhouse. Concentration variation occurs, and carbon dioxide does not reach the average concentration in many cultivated crops deployed in the greenhouse, and depending on the location in the greenhouse, the concentration of carbon dioxide is insufficient and the photosynthetic promotion effect becomes insufficient. On the contrary, the carbon dioxide gas concentration becomes too high and may cause poor growth. In addition, the greenhouse is large, and various facilities in the greenhouse and the cultivated crops themselves impede the circulation of air, and it is practical to apply carbon dioxide gas to all the cultivated crops in the greenhouse at a uniform concentration. Difficult, the growth of cultivated crops varies from place to place, and the quality of crops tends to vary.

  In addition, various equipment in the greenhouse and the cultivated crop itself deteriorate the air circulation in the greenhouse, and high-concentration carbon dioxide gas tends to stay in the lower part of the floor, and this retained carbon dioxide gas diffuses. Therefore, it is difficult to continuously apply carbon dioxide for a long time during the day due to concerns about the safety of crop cultivation.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and is capable of applying carbon dioxide gas in greenhouse cultivation that can safely and continuously apply a uniform concentration of carbon dioxide gas to the entire cultivated crop in the greenhouse. It is an object to provide a dispensing method and a dispensing device.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention connects carbon dioxide gas supply means to a part of the air circulation path in the greenhouse by air circulation means for circulating air in the greenhouse and blowing air to the cultivated crops in the greenhouse. Carbon dioxide is appropriately supplied from the gas supply means to the air circulation path, and the circulation air mixed and diluted with carbon dioxide is adjusted so that the blowing speed is adapted to the growing environment of the cultivated crop, and the outlet and the cultivated crop. The growth point is sprayed directly and downwardly toward the growth point of the cultivated crop while adjusting the interval between the growth points to be the optimum interval for carbon dioxide application .

  Here, the air circulation means for circulating air in the greenhouse is a blower arranged in the greenhouse or a blower fan of an air conditioner, etc., sucking air in the greenhouse from the intake port and blowing it out from the exhaust port into the same greenhouse Circulate in the greenhouse. This air circulation means can be applied to existing equipment installed in the greenhouse. The air circulation path in the greenhouse by the air circulation means is composed of air ducts, air ducts, etc., part of which is the path for supplying carbon dioxide whose concentration is controlled from the carbon dioxide supply means, and another part in the greenhouse. This is the route where cultivated crops exist. The path where the former carbon dioxide supply means is connected is preferably a part of the air circulation means where the air inlet or exhaust port is located, and the latter path where the cultivated crop is located is the air from the top to the bottom of the cultivated plants in the greenhouse. It is desirable to distribute the Directly and downwardly blowing carbon dioxide mixed air onto the cultivated crop makes it easy to equalize the concentration of carbon dioxide applied to the cultivated crop and promotes the entire cultivated crop to grow uniformly. . In addition, carbon dioxide gas diluted to an appropriate concentration is blown downward toward the growth point of cultivated crops installed near the floor of the greenhouse. In contact with leaves, stems, fruits, etc., it is diluted to an average concentration while diffusing, reducing the planar variation in carbon dioxide concentration near the floor of the greenhouse and increasing the height at low places such as the floor It is possible to prevent the carbon dioxide gas concentration from being retained and to improve the safety of the work, and to perform carbon dioxide gas application continuously for a long time.

  In the present invention, it is practically desirable to supply carbon dioxide gas from the carbon dioxide supply means to the air inlet side of the air circulation means for sucking air in the greenhouse. In this case, the carbon dioxide gas having a predetermined concentration supplied to the intake port of the air circulation means is sucked into the intake port and diluted together with the air in the greenhouse, and the air having the predetermined carbon dioxide concentration is discharged to the exhaust port of the air circulation means. Since it is blown out toward the cultivated crop in the greenhouse, it becomes possible to accurately and easily control the carbon dioxide concentration of the air applied to the crop by attaching a carbon dioxide concentration sensor to the exhaust port.

  In the present invention, the air circulation means can be equipped with an air duct that blows down the sucked air in the greenhouse from directly above the cultivated crop in the greenhouse. The air duct here includes an air pipe arranged on the ceiling of the greenhouse. This air duct is a plurality of soil-cultivated culverts formed flat on the floor in the greenhouse, and is arranged in parallel above the hydroponics shelf, with a plurality of air outlets provided on the lower surface of the air duct. From each of them, air of carbon dioxide gas is blown toward the growth point of the cultivated crop grown on the soil cultivation cultivation basket and the hydroponics shelf. By forming an air circulation path in a greenhouse with an air duct, a complicated air circulation path can be formed, and more diverse soil cultivation cultivation baskets and cultivation crops on a hydroponics shelf can be dealt with.

  Further, in the present invention, the air circulation means has a blower that sucks and blows air in the greenhouse into the air duct, and a blower amount control means that controls the rotation speed of the blower. It can adjust so that the air blowing speed from the blower outlet of the lower surface of an air duct may become a speed which adapts to the growth environment of the said cultivated crop. The adjustment of the air blowing speed from the air duct outlet can be performed by adjusting the diameter of the air outlet, but from the air outlets formed in the air duct by the amount of air blown to the air duct by the blower. If the blowing speed is controlled at once, automatic control becomes easy with a simple operation, which is practical.

  Moreover, in this invention, the height adjustment means which variably adjusts the relative separation distance of the blower outlet of an air duct and the root of cultivation crops can be deployed in a greenhouse. In this case, the height adjusting means can be either a means for adjusting the height of the air duct in the greenhouse or a means for adjusting the height of the root of the cultivated crop from the floor in the greenhouse. In practice, a duct lifting mechanism that raises the air duct according to the height change due to the growth of the cultivated crop is desirable. By maintaining the relative distance between the air duct outlet and the growing point of the cultivated crop to grow almost constant with this height adjustment means, it is possible to apply carbon dioxide gas which is generally suitable for the entire growth period from germination to harvest of the cultivated crop. It is feasible to promote growth, improve quality, and increase yield.

  According to the present invention, carbon dioxide gas having a low concentration variation is applied to each of a large number of cultivated crops installed in a greenhouse by directly blowing downward carbon dioxide mixed air on the cultivated crops in the greenhouse. Therefore, the entire cultivated crop can be promoted uniformly by promoting photosynthesis, so that the quality of the entire crop can be stabilized and the yield can be improved. In addition, carbon dioxide mixed air is blown downward directly on the cultivated crops installed near the floor of the greenhouse, so the carbon dioxide in the blown air mixes with the surrounding air, and leaves, stems, etc. It is diluted to an average concentration while contacting and diffusing, and the carbon dioxide concentration near the floor of the greenhouse is quickly homogenized to prevent the accumulation of high concentration carbon dioxide in low places such as the floor surface. The safety of the work of time increases, and there is an excellent effect on the work that can perform carbon dioxide gas continuous for a long time.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  1 and 2 show an outline of an embodiment for carrying out the invention. FIG. 1 is a front view of a greenhouse 1 and FIG. 2 is a plan view. A plurality of cultivated baskets 4 are arranged in a plane on the floor surface 2 of the greenhouse 1, and a large number of cultivated crops 5 grow on each cultivated basket 4. An air circulation means 10 for circulating the air in the greenhouse 1 along a predetermined path is installed inside the greenhouse 1, and a carbon dioxide supply means 20 is installed outside the greenhouse 1.

  The air circulation means 10 is an air conditioner equipped with a blower or a blower fan that circulates air in the greenhouse 1 and blows the cultivated crop 5 downward. For example, the blower 13 and a blower amount control that controls the rotation speed of the blower 13. Means 14 are provided. The air circulation means 10 is fixed at a fixed position on the floor 2 in the greenhouse, and includes an air inlet 11 and an air outlet 12, and an air duct 15 is connected to the air outlet 12. The intake port 11 is connected to the carbon dioxide supply means 20 outside the greenhouse by a gas pipe 21. When the blower 13 of the air circulation means 10 is driven at a desired number of revolutions, air in the greenhouse is sucked from the intake port 11 and is fed from the exhaust port 12 to the air duct 15 at a desired wind speed, and cultivated from the air duct 15. It sprays on the crop 5 downward with a desired wind speed. In addition, although adjustment of the blowing speed in this case can also respond | correspond by equip | installing the blower outlet 15c of the air duct 15 with the diameter adjustment means 16 like FIG. 3 and FIG. By adjusting the amount of air sent from the blower 13 to the air duct 15, the air blowing speed blown downward from the air duct 15 toward the cultivated crop 5 is adapted to the growing environment of the cultivated crop 5. Adjust for speed.

  The carbon dioxide supply means 20 controls the concentration of high-purity carbon dioxide gas obtained by removing nitrogen oxides from high-purity carbon dioxide gas, propane gas, natural gas, or exhaust gas generated by burning kerosene. Then, it is fed to the gas pipe 21. The tip of the gas pipe 21 communicates with the air inlet 11 of the air circulation means 10 in the greenhouse, and when carbon dioxide is fed from the gas pipe 21 to the air inlet 11, the air and carbon dioxide in the greenhouse flowing into the air inlet 11. Are mixed, diluted with this air, and fed to the air duct 15. The amount of carbon dioxide supplied from the carbon dioxide supply means 20 and the amount of air circulated from the air circulation means 10 to the air duct 15 are controlled by various controls such as a carbon dioxide concentration sensor, a temperature sensor, and a humidity sensor (not shown) provided in the greenhouse. Automatically controlled by signal. With this automatic control, the carbon dioxide gas concentration of the air applied from the air duct 15 to the cultivated crop 5 is controlled so as to best match the growth environment of the cultivated crop 5. Such automatic control is performed based on experience according to the type of cultivated crop 5.

  The air duct 15 in the greenhouse has a central duct 15a directly connected to the air circulation means 10, and a plurality of branch ducts 15b extending in a branched manner from the central duct 15a. Are arranged in parallel above the plurality of strips 4 on the floor 2. Air outlets 15c corresponding to a plurality of cultivated crops 5 arranged on the cultivation basket 4 are installed on the lower surface of each branch duct 15b. As shown in FIG. 3, the outlet 15 c is directly above the corresponding cultivated crop 5, and the carbon dioxide mixed air (circulated air) blown from the air duct 15 is directed directly below the growth point of the cultivated crop 5. Blow out.

  Near the ceiling in the greenhouse 1, the air duct 15 is installed via a height adjusting means 30 so that the height can be adjusted. For example, elevator-type height adjustable duct joints are connected to both ends of the central duct 15a, and the height of the branch duct 15b is adjusted in conjunction therewith. The height adjusting means 30 adjusts the distance between the air outlet 15c of the air duct 15 and the growing point of the growing cultivated crop 5 so as to be an optimal interval for carbon dioxide application, from germination to harvesting of the cultivated crop 5. Effective carbon dioxide application is carried out during the entire growth period.

  Moreover, each blower outlet 15c with many air ducts 15 can be set to the diameter which blows carbon dioxide mixed air at the optimal speed with respect to the corresponding cultivated crop 5. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the air outlet 15 c is equipped with aperture adjustment means 16 that variably adjusts the throttle aperture D. When the aperture adjusting means 16 is squeezed, the aperture D decreases as shown by the chain line in FIG. 4, and when the reverse operation is performed, the aperture D increases. Such caliber adjustment is performed based on experience by adapting to conditions such as the type of the cultivated crop 5 and the relative distance from the cultivated crop 5.

  Next, the carbon dioxide application operation according to the above-described embodiment will be described.

  At the start of carbon dioxide supply before dawn, the air circulation means 10 is operated to suck the air in the greenhouse 1 through the air inlet 11 and feed it to the air duct 15. The inside air of the greenhouse 1 before dawn has a high carbon dioxide concentration due to carbon dioxide generated by respiration (dark respiration) of the crop 5 at night. Apply to crop 5 to promote photosynthesis of crop 5. That is, the carbon dioxide generated by crop respiration at night can be used effectively, and the amount of carbon dioxide supplied from the carbon dioxide supply means 20 can be saved accordingly.

  The carbon dioxide concentration in the greenhouse 1 is detected one by one with a concentration sensor (not shown), and when it is detected that the photosynthesis of the crop 5 needs to be promoted, the carbon dioxide supply means 20 is activated to operate the gas pipe 21. The carbon dioxide gas is supplied from the air inlet 11 to the air inlet 11, and the carbon dioxide mixed air is blown downward toward the cultivated crop 5 from the air outlet 15 c of the air duct 15 at the wind speed adjusted by the air flow rate adjusting means 14. This carbon dioxide spray promotes photosynthesis of the cultivated crop 5, and the sprayed carbon dioxide is diluted in contact with the leaves, stems, etc. of the cultivated crop 5 and is diluted while being diffused, so that the concentration of carbon dioxide is rapidly uniformized. Prevent stagnation of high-concentration carbon dioxide gas at low surface. Therefore, even if the floor surface 2 has a large area, and there are many cultivated baskets 4 and many cultivated crops 5 are distributed in a plane, the entire cultivated crop 5 is uniformly photo-synthesized and carbon dioxide gas is applied. The photosynthesis can be promoted uniformly, and the accumulation of high-concentration carbon dioxide in the lower part of the floor 2 is eliminated, so that it is safe to apply carbon dioxide continuously for a long time during the day. .

  Carbon dioxide gas is actively given during the day, carbon dioxide is stopped at night, and this operation is repeated every day. Then, as the cultivated crop 5 grows and the growth point position becomes higher, the height of the air duct 15 is adjusted higher by the height adjusting means 30. The relative separation distance between the growth point of the cultivated crop 5 that grows by this height adjustment and the air outlet 15c of the air duct 15 is always adjusted to be close to the optimum value, and the cultivated crop 5 continues to grow better.

  It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and it is needless to say that various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.

It is a front view which shows the outline | summary of the carbon dioxide gas application apparatus which is embodiment of this invention. 2 is a plan view of the device. 2 is a partial side view of the air duct in the apparatus. 3 is an enlarged bottom view when the air outlet is equipped with a diameter adjusting means.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Greenhouse 2 Floor surface 4 Cultivation pad 5 Cultivation crop 10 Air circulation means 11 Intake port 12 Exhaust port 13 Blower 14 Blowing amount control means 15 Air duct 15c Outlet 16 Diameter adjustment means 20 Carbon dioxide supply means 21 Gas piping 30 Height adjustment means

Claims (2)

Carbon dioxide gas supply means is connected to a part of the air circulation path in the greenhouse by air circulation means for circulating air in the greenhouse and blowing the cultivated crops in the greenhouse, and carbon dioxide gas is circulated from the carbon dioxide gas supply means to the air The circulation air, which is appropriately supplied to the route, mixed with carbon dioxide and diluted , adjusts the blowout speed so as to match the growth environment of the cultivated crop, and the distance between the outlet and the growth point of the cultivated crop is carbon dioxide. A carbon dioxide gas application method for greenhouse cultivation characterized by spraying directly and downwardly toward the growth point of the cultivated crop while adjusting to an optimal interval .   The carbon dioxide gas application method for greenhouse cultivation according to claim 1, wherein carbon dioxide gas from the carbon dioxide gas supply means is supplied to an air inlet side of the air circulation means for sucking air in the greenhouse.

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