JP4491103B2 - Multi-branched polymer, production method thereof, solid electrolyte and electrochemical device - Google Patents
Multi-branched polymer, production method thereof, solid electrolyte and electrochemical device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4491103B2 JP4491103B2 JP37175099A JP37175099A JP4491103B2 JP 4491103 B2 JP4491103 B2 JP 4491103B2 JP 37175099 A JP37175099 A JP 37175099A JP 37175099 A JP37175099 A JP 37175099A JP 4491103 B2 JP4491103 B2 JP 4491103B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- monomer
- carbon atoms
- hydrogen atom
- group
- alkyl group
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Polymerization Catalysts (AREA)
- Graft Or Block Polymers (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、多分岐高分子及びその製造方法に関する。さらに、本発明は、該多分岐高分子を基材高分子とした固体電解質及び該固体電解質を含んだ電気化学素子に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、電池、コンデンサー、センサー、エレクトロクロミック素子、電気化学ダイオード等の電気化学素子の開発において、その主要構成部分である電解質を固体化することにより、信頼性及び安全性の向上が図られている(特開昭58−1973号公報、特開昭58−19807号公報、特開昭58−75779号公報等)。しかし、電解質の完全固体化に関しては、そのイオン伝導度は十分とは言えない。これに対し、例えば、特開昭59−196577号公報、特開昭61−214374号公報、特開平1−213355号公報等では、高分子固体電解質に有機溶媒を含有させゲル化したものを電解質に適用することが提案されており、これによって、イオン伝導度が改善されている。しかし電気化学素子の信頼性、安全性等を考慮すると、本来の意味での完全固体化の実現が待ち望まれているが現状である。
【0003】
多くの高分子材料は絶縁体であるが、ある種の高分子材料は電解質塩と固溶体を形成しイオンの良導体となる。例えば、ポリエチレンオキシド(PEO)は電解質塩を溶解し、塩を解離し、自由体積空間をイオンとして輸送することができる。これはPEOの特異的な構造によるもので、こうした働きはポリプロピレンオキシド(PPO)、ポリエチレンイミン、ポリエチレンスルフィド等の官能基(イオン解離基)を有する高分子に特有の性質であることが知られている。しかし、これらの高分子材料においても、一分岐高分子では高いイオン伝導度が報告されているものの、液体並みのイオン伝導度は達成されていない。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、均質性及び固体強度に優れた高いイオン伝導度を有する固体電解質の基材高分子となる多分岐高分子及びその製造方法を提供することを目的とする。さらに、本発明は、該多分岐高分子を基材高分子とした固体電解質、及び該固体電解質を含んだ電気化学素子を提供することを目的とする。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の要旨は、
(1) 少なくとも、式(I):
【0006】
【化7】
【0007】
(式中、R1 〜R3 はそれぞれ独立して水素原子又は炭素数1〜4のアルキル基、R4 は水素原子、炭素数1〜4のアルキル基又は炭素数1〜4のアシル基を示す。nは1〜20の整数を示す。)で表される単量体(A)及び式(II):
【0008】
【化8】
【0009】
(式中、R5 〜R7 はそれぞれ独立して水素原子又は炭素数1〜4のアルキル基、R8 〜R12はそれぞれ独立して水素原子、ハロゲン原子、炭素数1〜4のアルキル基又は炭素数1〜4のハロアルキル基を示す。ただし、R8 〜R12の少なくとも一つは炭素数1〜4のα−ハロアルキル基を示す。)で表される単量体(B)を含有してなる単量体混合物を共重合させて得られる多分岐高分子、
(2) 前記(1)記載の多分岐高分子に、少なくとも式(I):
【0010】
【化9】
【0011】
(式中、R1 〜R3 はそれぞれ独立して水素原子又は炭素数1〜4のアルキル基、R4 は水素原子、炭素数1〜4のアルキル基又は炭素数1〜4のアシル基を示す。nは1〜20の整数を示す。)で表される単量体(A)及び式(II):
【0012】
【化10】
【0013】
(式中、R5 〜R7 はそれぞれ独立して水素原子又は炭素数1〜4のアルキル基、R8 〜R12はそれぞれ独立して水素原子、ハロゲン原子、炭素数1〜4のアルキル基又は炭素数1〜4のハロアルキル基を示す。ただし、R8 〜R12の少なくとも一つは炭素数1〜4のα−ハロアルキル基を示す。)で表される単量体(B)をグラフト重合させて得られる多分岐高分子、
(3) 前記(2)記載の多分岐高分子をカチオン交換し、リチウムイオンを結合させた多分岐高分子、
(4) 前記(2)記載の多分岐高分子の製造方法であって、リビングラジカル重合によりグラフト重合を行う多分岐高分子の製造方法、
(5) 少なくとも基材高分子と電解質塩からなる固体電解質であって、該基材高分子が前記(1)〜(3)いずれか記載の多分岐高分子である固体電解質、並びに
(6) 前記(5)記載の固体電解質を含んでなる電気化学素子
に関する。
【0014】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の多分岐高分子には、種々の態様がある。
【0015】
1.第1の態様
本発明の多分岐高分子の第1の態様は、少なくとも、式(I):
【0016】
【化11】
【0017】
(式中、R1 〜R3 はそれぞれ独立して水素原子又は炭素数1〜4のアルキル基、R4 は水素原子、炭素数1〜4のアルキル基又は炭素数1〜4のアシル基を示す。nは1〜20の整数を示す。)で表される単量体(A)及び式(II):
【0018】
【化12】
【0019】
(式中、R5 〜R7 はそれぞれ独立して水素原子又は炭素数1〜4のアルキル基、R8 〜R12はそれぞれ独立して水素原子、ハロゲン原子、炭素数1〜4のアルキル基又は炭素数1〜4のハロアルキル基を示す。ただし、R8 〜R12の少なくとも一つは炭素数1〜4のα−ハロアルキル基を示す。)で表される単量体(B)を含有してなる単量体混合物を共重合させて得られる。
【0020】
本明細書において、炭素数1〜4のアルキル基としては、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、ブチル基、イソブチル基、s−ブチル基、t−ブチル基等が挙げられる。炭素数1〜4のアシル基としては、ホルミル基、アセチル基、プロピオニル基、ブチリル基、イソブチリル基等が挙げられる。ハロゲン原子としては、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、ヨウ素原子等が挙げられる。炭素数1〜4のハロアルキル基としては、フルオロメチル基、クロロメチル基、ブロモメチル基、ヨードメチル基、1−クロロエチル基、1−クロロプロピル基、1−クロロ−1−メチルエチル基、1−クロロブチル基、1−クロロ−1−メチルプロピル基等が挙げられる。式(I)において、nは1〜20、好ましくは2〜15の整数を示す。
【0021】
式(I)で表される単量体(A)の好適な市販品としては、「ブレンマーPME−100」〔R1 、R2 =水素原子、R3 =メチル基、R4 =メチル基、n≒2〕、「ブレンマーPME−200」〔R1 、R2 =水素原子、R3 =メチル基、R4 =メチル基、n≒4〕、「ブレンマーPME−400」〔R1 、R2 =水素原子、R3 =メチル基、R4 =メチル基、n≒9〕(以上、日本油脂製)等が挙げられる。
【0022】
式(II)で表される単量体(B)の好適な例としては、4−クロロメチルスチレン等が挙げられる。
【0023】
本発明では、単量体混合物に、式(III):
【0024】
【化13】
【0025】
(式中、R13〜R15はそれぞれ独立して水素原子又は炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を示す。mは1〜20の整数を示す。)で表される単量体(C)がさらに含有されていることが好ましい。
【0026】
式(III)において、mは1〜20、好ましくは2〜15の整数を示す。式(III)で表される単量体(C)の好適な市販品としては、「ライトエステルP−1M」〔R13、R14=水素原子、R15=メチル基、m≒2〕(共栄社製)等が挙げられる。
【0027】
また、単量体混合物には、単量体(A)及び単量体(C)以外のアクリル化合物及び/又は単量体(B)以外のスチレン化合物がさらに含有されていることが好ましい。
【0028】
単量体(A)及び単量体(C)以外のアクリル化合物としては、アクリロニトリル、アクリル酸、アクリルアミド、N,N−ジメチルアクリルアミド、N-イソプロピルアクリルアミド、メタクリル酸メチル、メタクリル酸2−ヒドロキシエチル、メタクリル酸2-(エトキシカルボニルオキシ)エチル、エチレングリコールジメタクリレート、ジエチレングリコールジメタクリレート、トリエチレングリコールジメタクリレート、ジエチルアミノエチルメタクリレート、メタクリロイルコリン等が挙げられる。
【0029】
単量体(B)以外のスチレン化合物としては、スチレン−4−スルホン酸、1,4−ジビニルベンゼン、4,4’−ジビニルビフェニル等が挙げられる。
【0030】
なお、単量体(A)及び単量体(C)以外のアクリル化合物並びに単量体(B)以外のスチレン化合物は、多官能性で架橋性を有する化合物であっても良い。又、イオン解離を促進する極性官能基(イオン解離基)を有していることが好ましい。
【0031】
単量体混合物中の単量体(A)の量は20〜99モル%が好ましく、単量体(B)の量は1〜80モル%が好ましい。単量体混合物中の、単量体(C)、単量体(A)及び単量体(C)以外のアクリル化合物並びに単量体(B)以外のスチレン化合物の量は、いずれも0〜20モル%が好ましい。
【0032】
本発明の単量体(A)、単量体(B)、単量体(C)及び単量体(A)、(C)以外のアクリル化合物、単量体(B)以外のスチレン化合物は、それぞれ単一のものであっても良いし、2種以上の混合物であってもよい。
【0033】
少なくとも単量体(A)及び単量体(B)を含有した単量体混合物の共重合は、例えば、重合開始剤等の触媒の存在下、単量体混合物を溶媒に溶解させて行うことができる。
【0034】
溶媒としては、トルエン、キシレン、メシチレン、クメン、ベンゼン、ヘキサン、ヘプタン、オクタン、テトラヒドロフラン、1,4−ジオキサン、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールジブチルエーテル、エチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、エチレングリコールジメチルエーテル等が挙げられ、これらの中ではトルエンが好ましい。溶媒の量は、特に限定されないが、通常、単量体混合物100重量部に対して、50〜500重量部程度であることが好ましい。
【0035】
重合開始剤としては、ペルオキシピバル酸t−ブチル、過酸化ベンゾイル、α, α'-アゾビスイソブチロニトリル等が挙げられる。重合開始剤の使用量は、通常、単量体混合物100重量部に対して、0.5〜5重量部が好ましい。
【0036】
反応温度は、特に限定されないが、通常、20〜200℃が好ましく、反応雰囲気は、大気であってもよく、あるいは窒素ガス、アルゴンガスなどの不活性ガス雰囲気であってもよい。
【0037】
反応の終了は、薄層クロマトグラフィー、液体クロマトグラフィー、ガスクロマトグラフィー、 1H−NMR等により容易に確認することができる。
【0038】
反応終了後は、濾過、濃縮、抽出、精製等の公知の操作により、得られた多分岐高分子を単離することができる。
【0039】
このようにして得られる多分岐高分子の数平均分子量は、特に限定されないが、2,000〜100,000が好ましく、5,000〜50,000がより好ましい。なお、多分岐高分子の数平均分子量はゲル浸透クロマトグラフィーにより測定することができる。
【0040】
本発明の第1の態様の多分岐高分子は、通常、共重合に供した単量体に由来する構造単位が線状に不規則に配列した主鎖と、単量体のオレフィン置換基を側鎖として有する。
【0041】
2.第2の態様
本発明では、第2の態様として、第1の態様の多分岐高分子に対して、さらに、少なくとも式(I)で表される単量体(A)及び式(II)で表される単量体(B)をグラフト重合させて、より高度に分岐した多分岐高分子を得ることができる。グラフト重合による分岐鎖は主鎖に対し1回のみ分岐していてもよいし、グラフト重合による一次分岐鎖からさらに1回以上分岐していてもよい。なお、単量体(A)及び単量体(B)は、第1の態様の多分岐高分子に対してグラフト重合させてもよく、あるいは別々にグラフト重合させてもよい。同時にグラフト重合する場合は、単量体(A)及び単量体(B)を含有した単量体混合物を同時にグラフト重合させればよい。また、別々にグラフト重合させる場合、その順序は特に限定されず、例えば、第1の態様の多分岐高分子に対して単量体(A)をグラフト重合させた後に、単量体(B)をグラフト重合させる方法や、第1の態様の多分岐高分子に対して単量体(B)をグラフト重合させた後に、単量体(A)をグラフト重合させる方法、さらに第1の態様の多分岐高分子に対して単量体(A)をグラフト重合させた後に、単量体(B)をグラフト重合させ、再度単量体(A)をグラフト重合させる方法のように、第1の態様の多分岐高分子に対して2回以上グラフト重合させる態様であってもよい。
【0042】
本発明では、式(III)で表される単量体(C)、単量体(A)及び単量体(C)以外のアクリル化合物及び/又は単量体(B)以外のスチレン化合物からなる群より選ばれた少なくも1種を、単量体(A)及び/又は単量体(B)とは独立してグラフト重合させてもよく、あるいは単量体(A)及び/又は単量体(B)とともにグラフト重合させてもよい。その態様としては、単量体(A)及び単量体(B)と共に単量体混合物に含有させて同時にグラフト重合させてもよく、あるいは単量体(A)及び単量体(B)と別々にグラフト重合させてもよい。
【0043】
グラフト重合させる単量体総量中の単量体(A)の量は50〜99モル%が好ましく、単量体(B)の量は1〜50モル%が好ましい。グラフト重合させる単量体総量中の、単量体(C)、単量体(A)及び単量体(C)以外のアクリル化合物並びに単量体(B)以外のスチレン化合物の量は、いずれも0〜20モル%が好ましい。
【0044】
なお、グラフト重合に用いる単量体(A)〜(C)、単量体(A)及び単量体(C)以外のアクリル化合物並びに単量体(B)以外のスチレン化合物は、いずれも第1の態様で例示したものを同様に使用することができる。
【0045】
本発明では、グラフト重合の方法は特に限定されないが、リビングラジカル重合により行うことが好ましい。グラフト重合をリビングラジカル重合で行うことにより、単量体及び/又は触媒の投入量や投入時期を調節することで、ブロック共重合、重合度を調節した重合、分岐回数の調節等が可能になる。なお、前記共重合反応の終了後は、反応溶液から、生成した多分岐高分子を単離することなく、該反応溶液中で該多分岐高分子のグラフト重合を行ってもよい。
【0046】
グラフト重合は第1の態様の多分岐高分子が有する単量体(B)由来の側鎖部分を開始点として起こる。この側鎖部分を開始点として起こるグラフト重合により生じる分岐鎖を一次分岐鎖と呼び、この時分岐回数を1回とする。従って、主鎖を形成する共重合の際、単量体中の単量体(B)の割合を多くしておけば、グラフト重合による一次分岐鎖の数は多くなる。グラフト重合を行う際にも単量体(B)を用いることにより、グラフト重合で形成された一次分岐鎖にも単量体(B)由来の側鎖部分、すなわちグラフト重合の開始点が生じ、さらに新たな二次分岐鎖が生じ、この時分岐回数を2回とする。そして、この二次分岐鎖にもグラフト重合の開始点が生じるので、三次、四次等の高次の分岐鎖を生じ、この時分岐回数をそれぞれ3回、4回とする。よって、グラフト重合を複数回行うことにより、より高度に分岐した多分岐回数の多分岐高分子を得ることができる。
【0047】
リビングラジカル重合は、金属触媒の存在下で行うことが好ましい。金属触媒としては、銅触媒が好ましく、特に塩化銅(I) と2,2' −ビピリジル誘導体のコンプレックスが好ましい。金属触媒の使用量は、グラフト重合させる単量体の総量100重量部に対して、0.01〜10重量部が好ましい。
【0048】
溶媒としては、コハク酸ジエチル、コハク酸ジメチル、ジエチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールジブチルエーテル、エチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、炭酸ジメチル、炭酸ジエチル等が挙げられ、これらの中ではコハク酸ジエチルが好ましい。溶媒の量は、特に限定されないが、通常、単量体の総量100重量部に対して、50〜500重量部程度であることが好ましい。
【0049】
反応温度は、特に限定されないが、通常、20〜200℃が好ましく、反応雰囲気は、大気であってもよく、あるいは窒素ガス、アルゴンガスなどの不活性ガス雰囲気であってもよい。
【0050】
反応の終了は、薄層クロマトグラフィー、液体クロマトグラフィー、ガスクロマトグラフィー、 1H−NMR等により容易に確認することができる。
【0051】
反応終了後は、濾過、濃縮、抽出、精製等の公知の操作により、得られた多分岐高分子を単離することができる。
【0052】
前記グラフト重合により得られる多分岐高分子の数平均分子量は、特に限定されないが、4,000〜1,000,000が好ましく、8,000〜500,000がより好ましい。なお、多分岐高分子の数平均分子量はゲル浸透クロマトグラフィーにより測定することができる。
【0053】
前記グラフト重合により得られる多分岐高分子の分岐回数は、1〜10回が好ましく、1〜5回がより好ましい。なお、本発明における分岐の有無は以下の方法で確認することができる。即ち、単量体(A)及び単量体(B)のみを用いた共重合により得られた第1の態様の多分岐高分子には、 1H−NMRでσ=約4.5ppmにベンジル位のシグナルが、7.1〜7.3ppmに多数の芳香族領域シグナルが観測され、単量体(B)のグラフト重合開始点の残存が確認することができる。一方、得られた多分岐高分子にさらにグラフト重合を行った第2の態様の多分岐高分子では、 1H−NMRでσ=約4.5ppmのベンジル位のシグナルはほぼ消失し、芳香族領域で観測されるシグナルは約7.2ppmに1本のみとなり、単量体(B)のグラフト重合開始点は全てグラフト重合に費やされ消失していることを確認することができる。
【0054】
また、本発明の多分岐高分子は、カチオン交換により、リチウムイオンを結合させた多分岐高分子であることが好ましい。カチオン交換は、例えば、金属リチウム、水素化リチウム、酸化リチウム、水酸化リチウム等により、行うことができる。
【0055】
本発明ではさらに、このようにして得られた多分岐高分子からなる基材高分子と電解質塩とを含有した固体電解質を提供する。
【0056】
電解質塩としては、LiClO4 、LiPF6 、LiBF4 、LiAsF6 、LiSbF6 、CF3 SO3 Li、CF3 CO2 Li、C2 F4 (SO3 Li)2 、(CF3 SO2 )2 NLi、(CF3 SO2 )3 CLi、LiClF4 、LiAlCl4 、LiAlO4 、LiCl、LiI、これらの混合塩等のリチウム塩電解質が好ましく、なかでもLiPF6 、LiBF4 、(CF3 SO2 )2 NLi及び(CF3 SO2 )3 CLiが特に好ましい。
【0057】
固体電解質中の電解質塩の含有量は、固体電解質の基材高分子である多分岐高分子のエチレンオキシドユニット(エチレングリコールユニット)、即ち−OCH2 CH2 O−に対し、0.5〜30モル%が好ましく、1〜10モル%がより好ましい。
【0058】
本発明の固体電解質には、必要に応じて、電気化学的に不活性な可塑剤、酸化チタン、酸化珪素等の金属酸化物、プラスチックフィラー及び/又はイオン伝導性フィラー等のフィラー等が添加されていてもよい。
【0059】
本発明の固体電解質は、例えば、基材高分子及び電解質塩をアセトニトリル等の溶媒に溶解させ、溶媒を蒸発させて得ることができるが、電解液及び電解質塩を含むゲルの状態でも使用することができる。
【0060】
さらに、本発明では、本発明の固体電解質を含んだ電気化学素子を提供する。かかる電気化学素子としては、一次、二次電池、キャパシタ、エレクトロクロミック素子等が挙げられ、本発明の固体電解質は、それらの電解質、電極バインダー等として使用することができるが、特にリチウム二次電池、キャパシタの電解質として有効である。
【0061】
本発明の電気化学素子が好ましく適用される電池としては、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン等の高分子化合物のセパレーター、容器、正負極端子等からなる、角型、円筒型、コイン型、ペーパー型等の各種電池が挙げられる。
【0062】
リチウム二次電池の場合、正極材料としては、例えばLiCoO2 、LiNiO2 、LiMnO4 等が挙げられ、負極材料としては、リチウムイオンを吸蔵・離することのできるカーボンで石油系コークス、天然グラファイト、グラファイト化メソフェーズ小球体、PIC(Pseudo Isotropic Carbon )、FMC(Fine Mosaic Carbon)、有機物の焼成品等が挙げられる。
【0063】
固体電解質が実用電池の電気化学素子として使用される場合、以下の性能:
1.広い温度範囲での液体並のイオン伝導度
2.電極(リチウム)/電解質界面の低抵抗化
3.レドックス反応安定性
4.成膜性/隔膜としての強度
5.不燃性、難燃性、自己消火性等の燃焼特性
が求められるが、本発明の多分岐高分子を含有した固体電解質はこれらの性能を満足するものである。
【0064】
【実施例】
次に、本発明を実施例に基づいてさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明はかかる実施例のみに限定されるものではない。
【0065】
実施例1
<共重合> 単量体(A)として「ブレンマーPME−200」(日本油脂製)29g(110ミリモル)及び単量体(B)として4−クロロメチルスチレン1.3g(8.5ミリモル)からなる単量体混合物をトルエン45gに溶解した。この溶液に、重合開始剤としてペルオキシピバル酸t−ブチル「パーブチルPV」(日本油脂製)1.5gを加え、アルゴン気流下、80℃で3時間加熱撹拌した。反応液を室温に冷却した後、ヘキサン45gを加え、良く撹拌すると粘稠な沈澱を生じた。上澄みを除去し、残渣にもう一度ヘキサン45gを加えて良く撹拌して、上澄みを除去した。残渣を70℃で3時間真空乾燥した。得られた多分岐高分子(数平均分子量:31,000)の 1H−NMR測定では、δ=約4.5ppmにベンジル位のプロトンシグナルが、また7.1〜7.3ppmに多数の芳香族プロトンシグナルが観測された。
【0066】
<グラフト重合> 上記の共重合操作で得られた多分岐高分子10g、単量体(A)として「ブレンマーPME−200」(日本油脂製)14g(51ミリモル)及び単量体(B)として4−クロロメチルスチレン0.63g(4.1ミリモル)からなる単量体混合物をコハク酸ジエチル28gに溶解した。この溶液に、アルゴン気流下、塩化銅(I) 0.63g及び4,4’−ビピリジル0.09gを加えた。この混合液を、アルゴン気流下で110℃、5時間加熱撹拌した。反応液に活性炭3g及び水酸化マグネシウム5gを加え、加圧濾過器で濾過した。濾液を減圧濃縮し得られた粘稠な残渣を70℃で、5時間減圧乾燥した。得られた多分岐高分子(数平均分子量:68,000)の 1H−NMR測定では、δ=約4.5ppmのベンジル位のプロトンシグナルがほぼ消失し、芳香族領域は約7.2ppmに1本のシグナルのみが観測された。
【0067】
<イオン伝導度測定> 上記のグラフト重合操作で得られた多分岐高分子をアセトニトリルに溶解させ、得られた溶液に電解質塩としてLiBF4 を溶解させた後、厚さ80μmのPETフィルム上にアプリケータを用いて流延し、アセトニトリルを揮発させて均一な固体電解質膜(膜厚:約200μm)を得た。その後、イオン伝導度σを下記の方法で測定した。なお、以上の操作は、アルゴンガスを充填したグローブボックス内において行った。
【0068】
得られた固体電解質膜から2cm2 の試験片を切り出し、SUS電極を用いた導電率測定セルを用いて、グローブボックス内で電極間の交流インピーダンスを測定した(周波数:1〜106 Hz)。イオン伝導度は複素インピーダンス解析により求めた。測定装置は「SI1255型インピーダンスアナライザ」(ソーラトロン社製)を用いた。測定したイオン伝導度σを表1に示す。
【0069】
実施例2
<共重合> 単量体(A)として「ブレンマーPME−200」(日本油脂製)29g(110ミリモル)、単量体(B)として4−クロロメチルスチレン1.3g(8.5ミリモル)及び単量体(C)として「ライトエステルP−1M」(共栄社製)0.7g(2.8ミリモル)からなる単量体混合物を使用した他は、実施例1と同様にして多分岐高分子(数平均分子量:26,000)を得た。
【0070】
<グラフト重合> 上記の共重合操作で得られた多分岐高分子10g、単量体(A)として「ブレンマーPME−200」(日本油脂製)14g(51ミリモル)、単量体(B)として4−クロロメチルスチレン0.63g(4.1ミリモル)及び単量体(C)として「ライトエステルP−1M」(共栄社製)0.35g(1.4ミリモル)からなる単量体混合物を使用した以外は、実施例1と同様にして多分岐高分子(数平均分子量:53,000)を得た。
【0071】
<イオン伝導度測定> 実施例1と同様にして固体電解質膜を調製し、イオン伝導度測定を行った。
【0072】
実施例3
<共重合> 単量体(A)として「ブレンマーPME−100」(日本油脂製)28.6g(110ミリモル)、単量体(B)として4−クロロメチルスチレン1.3g(8.5ミリモル)及びアクリロニトリル0.26g(4.9ミリモル)からなる単量体混合物を使用した以外は、実施例1と同様にして多分岐高分子(数平均分子量:29,000)を得た。
【0073】
<グラフト重合> 上記の共重合操作で得られた多分岐高分子10g、単量体(A)として「ブレンマーPME−100」(日本油脂製)13.9g(74ミリモル)、単量体(B)として4−クロロメチルスチレン0.63g(4.1ミリモル)及びアクリロニトリル0.13g(2.5ミリモル)からなる単量体混合物を使用した以外は、実施例1と同様にして多分岐高分子(数平均分子量:64000)を得た。
【0074】
<イオン伝導度測定> 実施例1と同様にして固体電解質膜を調製し、イオン伝導度測定を行った。
【0075】
実施例4
<共重合> 単量体(A)として「ブレンマーPME−100」(日本油脂製)29g(150ミリモル)、単量体(B)として4−クロロメチルスチレン1.3g(8.5ミリモル)、単量体(C)として「ライトエステルP−1M」(共栄社製)0.4g(1.6ミリモル)及びスチレン−4−スルホン酸0.4g(2.2ミリモル)からなる単量体混合物を使用した以外は、実施例1と同様にして多分岐高分子(数平均分子量:30,000)を得た。
【0076】
<グラフト重合> 上記の共重合操作で得られた多分岐高分子を10g、単量体(A)として「ブレンマーPME−100」(日本油脂製)13.9g(74ミリモル)、単量体(B)として4−クロロメチルスチレン0.63g(4.1ミリモル)、単量体(C)として「ライトエステルP−1M」(共栄社製)0.2g(0.79ミリモル)及びスチレン−4−スルホン酸0.2g(2.2ミリモル)からなる単量体混合物を使用した以外は、実施例1と同様にして多分岐高分子(数平均分子量:66,000)を得た。
【0077】
<イオン伝導度測定> 実施例1と同様にして固体電解質膜を調製し、イオン伝導度測定を行った。
【0078】
実施例5
<共重合> 実施例1と同様にして多分岐高分子(数平均分子量:31,000)を得た。
【0079】
<グラフト重合> 上記の共重合操作で得られた多分岐高分子10g、単量体(A)として「ブレンマーPME−200」(日本油脂製)5.0g(18ミリモル)からなる単量体混合物をコハク酸ジエチル28gに溶解した。この溶液に、アルゴン気流下、塩化銅(I) 0.21g及び4,4’−ビピリジル0.03gを加えた。この混合液を、アルゴン気流下、110℃で4時間加熱撹拌した。反応液に活性炭3g及び水酸化マグネシウム5gを加え加圧濾過器で濾過した。濾液を減圧濃縮して残渣を得た。
【0080】
この残渣をコハク酸ジエチル28gに溶解し、単量体(B)として4−クロロメチルスチレン0.21g(1.4ミリモル)を加えた。この溶液に、アルゴン気流下、塩化銅(I) 0.21g及び4,4’−ビピリジル0.03gを加えた。この混合液を、アルゴン気流下、110℃で1時間加熱撹拌した。その後、単量体(A)として「ブレンマーPME−200」(日本油脂製)5.0g(18ミリモル)を加え、アルゴン気流下、3時間加熱撹拌した。反応液に活性炭3g及び水酸化マグネシウム5gを加え加圧濾過器で濾過した。濾液を減圧濃縮して残渣を得た。得られた多分岐高分子の 1H−NMR測定では、δ=約4.5ppmにベンジル位のプロトンシグナルが観測され、芳香族プロトンとして、約7.2ppmのシグナルと7.1〜7.3ppmの多数のシグナルとが観測された。
【0081】
この残渣をコハク酸ジエチル28gに溶解し、単量体(A)として「ブレンマーPME−200」(日本油脂製)5.0g(18ミリモル)を加えた。この溶液に、アルゴン気流下、塩化銅(I) 0.21g及び4,4’−ビピリジル0.03gを加えた。この混合液を、アルゴン気流下、110℃で4時間加熱撹拌した。反応液に活性炭3g及び水酸化マグネシウム5gを加え加圧濾過器で濾過した。濾液を減圧濃縮し得られた粘稠な残渣を70℃、5時間減圧乾燥した。得られた多分岐高分子(数平均分子量:66,000)の 1H−NMR測定では、芳香族領域としては、約7.2ppmに1本のシグナルのみが観測された。
【0082】
<イオン伝導度測定> 実施例1と同様にして固体電解質膜を調製し、イオン伝導度測定を行った。
【0083】
比較例1
ポリエチレンオキサイドのアセトニトリル溶液をLiBF4 との塩溶効果により調製し、実施例1と同様にして製膜して、イオン伝導度を測定した。
【0084】
【表1】
【0085】
以上の結果より、実施例1〜5で得られた固体電解質膜は、比較例1で得られたものよりも、高いイオン伝導度を有することが分かる。
【0086】
実施例6
ホモジナイザーの容器に所定量のN,N−ジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)と「セフラルソフトG180」〔フッ化ビニリデン−3フッ化エチレン共重合体を主鎖、側鎖にポリフッ化ビニリデンにより構成されている〕(セントラル硝子社製)とを入れ、これを加温しながら3500rpmから7000rpmで分散溶解させた。この溶液にさらにDMFを添加し、2500rpmから7000rpmで分散溶解させた。セフラルソフト溶液の濃度は10重量%とした。上記セフラルソフト溶液40gをホモジナイザーの容器に入れ、正極活物質としてコバルト酸リチウム(セイミケミカル社製、粒径2〜3μm)43g及びアセチレンブラック「HS−100」(電気化学工業社製)3gを添加し、12000rpmで5分間室温で分散・混合して正極用塗布液とした。この塗布液をアルミ箔(縦:30mm、横:30mm、厚み:30μm)にメタルマスク印刷機で直径15mmの円形状に印刷し、24時間放置してDMFを蒸発させ、正極とした。この電極の膜厚は0.15mmであった。上記セフラルソフト溶液40gをホモジナイザーの容器に入れ、負極活物質として黒鉛「SFG25」(ロンザ社製、90%累積粒径:25μm)9gを添加し、12000rpmで5分間室温で分散・混合して負極用塗布液とした。この塗布液を銅箔(縦:30mm、横:30mm、厚み:30μm)にメタルマスク印刷機で直径15mmの円形状に印刷し、24時間放置してDMFを蒸発させ、負極とした。この電極の膜厚は0.15mmであった。この両金属箔を直径15mmの円形に切り出し、両塗布膜の間に実施例1で調製した直径17mmの固体電解質膜を挟み、周囲をポリオレフィン系のホットメルト接着剤でシールしてコイン型リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
【0087】
この電池の内部抵抗は50Ωと小さかった。また、両電極と固体電解質膜との密着性に問題のないことがわかった。このセルを1mAで2Vまで充電後、1Vまで放電した。放電容量は、1.5Fであった。また、良好なキャパシタ特性を示し、3日後も特性の劣化は見られなかった。
【0088】
実施例7
固体電解質膜として実施例3で得られた固体電解質膜を使用した以外は、実施例5と同様にしてコイン型リチウムイオン二次電池を作製し、評価した。
【0089】
この電池の内部抵抗は20Ωと極めて小さく、さらに、両電極と固体電解質膜との密着性に問題のないことがわかった。このセルを1mAで2Vまで充電後、1Vまで放電した。放電容量は、1.8Fであった。また、良好なキャパシタ特性を示し、3日後も特性の劣化は見られなかった。
【0090】
比較例2
比較例1で作製した固体電解質膜を使用した以外は、実施例6と同様にしてリチウム二次電池を作製した。この電池の初期の内部抵抗は200Ωで、両電極と固体電解質との密着性が悪く、3日後の内部抵抗は1000Ωと大きくなり充放電が不可能になった。
【0091】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、均質性及び固体強度に優れた高いイオン伝導度を有する高分子固体電解質の基材となる多分岐高分子及びその製造方法を提供することが可能となった。よって、該多分岐高分子を用いることにより、均質性及び固体強度に優れた高いイオン伝導度を有する固体電解質を得ることができる。そして、このような固体電解質を、電気化学素子に用いた場合、電極との良好な電気化学的界面の形成が可能である等の良好な特性を得ることができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a hyperbranched polymer and a method for producing the same. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a solid electrolyte using the multi-branched polymer as a base polymer and an electrochemical device including the solid electrolyte.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, in the development of electrochemical devices such as batteries, capacitors, sensors, electrochromic devices, and electrochemical diodes, reliability and safety have been improved by solidifying the electrolyte that is the main component. (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 58-1973, 58-19807, 58-75779, etc.). However, the ionic conductivity is not sufficient for complete solidification of the electrolyte. On the other hand, for example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 59-196777, 61-214374, and 1-213355, a polymer solid electrolyte containing an organic solvent is used as an electrolyte. It has been proposed to be applied to this, which improves the ionic conductivity. However, considering the reliability, safety, etc. of electrochemical devices, it is currently desired to realize complete solidification in the original sense.
[0003]
Many polymer materials are insulators, but certain polymer materials form solid solutions with electrolyte salts and become good conductors of ions. For example, polyethylene oxide (PEO) can dissolve electrolyte salts, dissociate salts, and transport free volume space as ions. This is due to the specific structure of PEO, and such a function is known to be a property unique to polymers having functional groups (ion dissociation groups) such as polypropylene oxide (PPO), polyethyleneimine, and polyethylene sulfide. Yes. However, even in these polymer materials, high ionic conductivity has been reported for one-branched polymers, but ionic conductivity comparable to liquids has not been achieved.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of this invention is to provide the multibranched polymer used as the base polymer of the solid electrolyte which has the high ionic conductivity excellent in homogeneity and solid strength, and its manufacturing method. Furthermore, an object of the present invention is to provide a solid electrolyte using the multi-branched polymer as a base polymer, and an electrochemical device including the solid electrolyte.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The gist of the present invention is as follows.
(1) At least the formula (I):
[0006]
[Chemical 7]
[0007]
(Wherein R 1 ~ R Three Are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R Four Represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or an acyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. n shows the integer of 1-20. ) Monomer (A) and formula (II):
[0008]
[Chemical 8]
[0009]
(Wherein R Five ~ R 7 Are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R 8 ~ R 12 Each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a haloalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. However, R 8 ~ R 12 At least one of them represents an α-haloalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. A hyperbranched polymer obtained by copolymerizing a monomer mixture containing the monomer (B) represented by
(2) The multi-branched polymer described in (1) includes at least the formula (I):
[0010]
[Chemical 9]
[0011]
(Wherein R 1 ~ R Three Are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R Four Represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or an acyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. n shows the integer of 1-20. ) Monomer (A) and formula (II):
[0012]
[Chemical Formula 10]
[0013]
(Wherein R Five ~ R 7 Are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R 8 ~ R 12 Each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a haloalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. However, R 8 ~ R 12 At least one of them represents an α-haloalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. A hyperbranched polymer obtained by graft polymerization of the monomer (B) represented by
(3) A multi-branched polymer obtained by cation exchange of the multi-branched polymer according to (2) and binding lithium ions;
(4) The method for producing a multibranched polymer according to (2) above, wherein the grafted polymerization is performed by living radical polymerization,
(5) A solid electrolyte comprising at least a base polymer and an electrolyte salt, wherein the base polymer is a multi-branched polymer according to any one of (1) to (3), and
(6) An electrochemical element comprising the solid electrolyte according to (5)
About.
[0014]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
There are various aspects of the hyperbranched polymer of the present invention.
[0015]
1. First aspect
The first embodiment of the multi-branched polymer of the present invention includes at least the formula (I):
[0016]
Embedded image
[0017]
(Wherein R 1 ~ R Three Are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R Four Represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or an acyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. n shows the integer of 1-20. ) Monomer (A) and formula (II):
[0018]
Embedded image
[0019]
(Wherein R Five ~ R 7 Are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R 8 ~ R 12 Each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a haloalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. However, R 8 ~ R 12 At least one of them represents an α-haloalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. It is obtained by copolymerizing a monomer mixture comprising the monomer (B) represented by
[0020]
In the present specification, examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, an isobutyl group, a s-butyl group, and a t-butyl group. Examples of the acyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms include formyl group, acetyl group, propionyl group, butyryl group, isobutyryl group and the like. Examples of the halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom. Examples of the haloalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms include fluoromethyl group, chloromethyl group, bromomethyl group, iodomethyl group, 1-chloroethyl group, 1-chloropropyl group, 1-chloro-1-methylethyl group, 1-chlorobutyl group 1-chloro-1-methylpropyl group and the like. In the formula (I), n represents an integer of 1 to 20, preferably 2 to 15.
[0021]
As a suitable commercial item of the monomer (A) represented by the formula (I), “Blemmer PME-100” [R 1 , R 2 = Hydrogen atom, R Three = Methyl group, R Four = Methyl group, n≈2], “Blemmer PME-200” [R 1 , R 2 = Hydrogen atom, R Three = Methyl group, R Four = Methyl group, n≈4], “Blemmer PME-400” [R 1 , R 2 = Hydrogen atom, R Three = Methyl group, R Four = Methyl group, n≈9] (above, manufactured by NOF Corporation).
[0022]
Preferable examples of the monomer (B) represented by the formula (II) include 4-chloromethylstyrene.
[0023]
In the present invention, the monomer mixture contains the formula (III):
[0024]
Embedded image
[0025]
(Wherein R 13 ~ R 15 Each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. m shows the integer of 1-20. It is preferable that the monomer (C) represented by this is further contained.
[0026]
In the formula (III), m represents an integer of 1 to 20, preferably 2 to 15. As a suitable commercial item of the monomer (C) represented by the formula (III), “light ester P-1M” [R 13 , R 14 = Hydrogen atom, R 15 = Methyl group, m≈2] (manufactured by Kyoeisha) and the like.
[0027]
Moreover, it is preferable that the monomer mixture further contains an acrylic compound other than the monomer (A) and the monomer (C) and / or a styrene compound other than the monomer (B).
[0028]
As acrylic compounds other than the monomer (A) and the monomer (C), acrylonitrile, acrylic acid, acrylamide, N, N-dimethylacrylamide, N-isopropylacrylamide, methyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, Examples include 2- (ethoxycarbonyloxy) ethyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, diethylene glycol dimethacrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, methacryloylcholine, and the like.
[0029]
Examples of the styrene compound other than the monomer (B) include styrene-4-sulfonic acid, 1,4-divinylbenzene, 4,4′-divinylbiphenyl, and the like.
[0030]
The acrylic compound other than the monomer (A) and the monomer (C) and the styrene compound other than the monomer (B) may be polyfunctional and crosslinkable compounds. Further, it preferably has a polar functional group (ion dissociation group) that promotes ion dissociation.
[0031]
The amount of monomer (A) in the monomer mixture is preferably 20 to 99 mol%, and the amount of monomer (B) is preferably 1 to 80 mol%. In the monomer mixture, the amount of the styrene compound other than the monomer (C), the acrylic compound other than the monomer (A) and the monomer (C), and the styrene compound other than the monomer (B) is 0 to 0. 20 mol% is preferable.
[0032]
Monomer (A), monomer (B), monomer (C) and monomer (A) of the present invention, acrylic compounds other than monomer (A), styrene compounds other than monomer (B) are Each may be a single material or a mixture of two or more.
[0033]
The copolymerization of the monomer mixture containing at least the monomer (A) and the monomer (B) is performed, for example, by dissolving the monomer mixture in a solvent in the presence of a catalyst such as a polymerization initiator. Can do.
[0034]
Examples of the solvent include toluene, xylene, mesitylene, cumene, benzene, hexane, heptane, octane, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol dibutyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and the like. Of these, toluene is preferred. The amount of the solvent is not particularly limited, but is usually preferably about 50 to 500 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the monomer mixture.
[0035]
Examples of the polymerization initiator include t-butyl peroxypivalate, benzoyl peroxide, α, α′-azobisisobutyronitrile and the like. Usually, the amount of the polymerization initiator used is preferably 0.5 to 5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the monomer mixture.
[0036]
Although reaction temperature is not specifically limited, Usually, 20-200 degreeC is preferable and air | atmosphere may be air or inert gas atmosphere, such as nitrogen gas and argon gas, may be sufficient as it.
[0037]
The reaction is completed by thin layer chromatography, liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, 1 It can be easily confirmed by H-NMR or the like.
[0038]
After completion of the reaction, the obtained multibranched polymer can be isolated by known operations such as filtration, concentration, extraction, and purification.
[0039]
The number average molecular weight of the multibranched polymer thus obtained is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2,000 to 100,000, and more preferably 5,000 to 50,000. The number average molecular weight of the multi-branched polymer can be measured by gel permeation chromatography.
[0040]
The multi-branched polymer of the first aspect of the present invention usually comprises a main chain in which structural units derived from monomers subjected to copolymerization are linearly and irregularly arranged, and an olefin substituent of the monomer. As a side chain.
[0041]
2. Second aspect
In the present invention, as the second embodiment, at least the monomer (A) represented by the formula (I) and the monomer represented by the formula (II) are further added to the hyperbranched polymer of the first embodiment. A highly branched multi-branched polymer can be obtained by graft polymerization of the monomer (B). The branched chain by graft polymerization may be branched only once with respect to the main chain, or may be further branched once or more from the primary branched chain by graft polymerization. The monomer (A) and the monomer (B) may be graft polymerized with respect to the multi-branched polymer of the first aspect, or may be separately graft polymerized. In the case of simultaneous graft polymerization, a monomer mixture containing the monomer (A) and the monomer (B) may be grafted simultaneously. In the case of performing graft polymerization separately, the order is not particularly limited. For example, after the monomer (A) is graft polymerized to the multi-branched polymer of the first aspect, the monomer (B) Graft polymerization of the monomer (B) to the multi-branched polymer of the first embodiment, followed by graft polymerization of the monomer (A), and the method of the first embodiment As in the method in which the monomer (A) is graft polymerized to the multi-branched polymer, the monomer (B) is graft polymerized, and the monomer (A) is grafted again. The aspect which graft-polymerizes twice or more with respect to the multibranched polymer of an aspect may be sufficient.
[0042]
In the present invention, the monomer (C) represented by the formula (III), the acrylic compound other than the monomer (A) and the monomer (C) and / or the styrene compound other than the monomer (B). At least one selected from the group may be graft polymerized independently of the monomer (A) and / or the monomer (B), or the monomer (A) and / or Graft polymerization may be performed together with the monomer (B). As the mode, it may be included in the monomer mixture together with the monomer (A) and the monomer (B) and simultaneously graft polymerized, or the monomer (A) and the monomer (B) You may make it graft-polymerize separately.
[0043]
The amount of monomer (A) in the total amount of monomers to be graft polymerized is preferably 50 to 99 mol%, and the amount of monomer (B) is preferably 1 to 50 mol%. The amount of the styrene compound other than the monomer (C), the acrylic compound other than the monomer (A) and the monomer (C) and the styrene compound other than the monomer (B) in the total amount of monomers to be graft-polymerized Is preferably 0 to 20 mol%.
[0044]
The monomers (A) to (C) used for the graft polymerization, the acrylic compound other than the monomer (A) and the monomer (C), and the styrene compound other than the monomer (B) are all the first. What was illustrated by the aspect of 1 can be used similarly.
[0045]
In the present invention, the graft polymerization method is not particularly limited, but it is preferably carried out by living radical polymerization. By performing graft polymerization by living radical polymerization, it is possible to control block copolymerization, polymerization with a controlled degree of polymerization, control of the number of branches, etc. by adjusting the amount and timing of monomer and / or catalyst input. . In addition, after completion | finish of the said copolymerization reaction, you may perform graft polymerization of this multibranched polymer in this reaction solution, without isolating the produced | generated multibranched polymer from the reaction solution.
[0046]
Graft polymerization takes place starting from the side chain moiety derived from the monomer (B) of the multibranched polymer of the first embodiment. A branched chain generated by graft polymerization that occurs from this side chain portion as the starting point is called a primary branched chain, and the number of branches at this time is one. Therefore, if the proportion of the monomer (B) in the monomer is increased during the copolymerization for forming the main chain, the number of primary branched chains by graft polymerization increases. By using the monomer (B) also during the graft polymerization, the side chain portion derived from the monomer (B), that is, the starting point of the graft polymerization also occurs in the primary branched chain formed by the graft polymerization, Furthermore, a new secondary branched chain is generated, and the number of branches is set to 2 at this time. And since the starting point of graft polymerization also occurs in this secondary branched chain, higher-order branched chains such as tertiary and quaternary are generated, and at this time, the number of branches is set to 3 and 4 respectively. Therefore, by performing graft polymerization a plurality of times, a highly branched multibranched polymer having a higher number of branches can be obtained.
[0047]
Living radical polymerization is preferably performed in the presence of a metal catalyst. As the metal catalyst, a copper catalyst is preferable, and a complex of copper (I) chloride and a 2,2′-bipyridyl derivative is particularly preferable. The amount of the metal catalyst used is preferably 0.01 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the total amount of monomers to be graft polymerized.
[0048]
Examples of the solvent include diethyl succinate, dimethyl succinate, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol dibutyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, dimethyl carbonate, and diethyl carbonate. Among these, diethyl succinate is preferable. The amount of the solvent is not particularly limited, but is usually preferably about 50 to 500 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the total amount of monomers.
[0049]
Although reaction temperature is not specifically limited, Usually, 20-200 degreeC is preferable and air | atmosphere may be air or inert gas atmosphere, such as nitrogen gas and argon gas, may be sufficient as it.
[0050]
The reaction is completed by thin layer chromatography, liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, 1 It can be easily confirmed by H-NMR or the like.
[0051]
After completion of the reaction, the obtained multibranched polymer can be isolated by known operations such as filtration, concentration, extraction, and purification.
[0052]
The number average molecular weight of the multi-branched polymer obtained by the graft polymerization is not particularly limited, but is preferably 4,000 to 1,000,000, more preferably 8,000 to 500,000. The number average molecular weight of the multi-branched polymer can be measured by gel permeation chromatography.
[0053]
The number of branches of the multibranched polymer obtained by the graft polymerization is preferably 1 to 10 times, and more preferably 1 to 5 times. In addition, the presence or absence of the branch in this invention can be confirmed with the following method. That is, the multi-branched polymer of the first aspect obtained by copolymerization using only the monomer (A) and the monomer (B) 1 In H-NMR, a signal at the benzyl position is observed at σ = about 4.5 ppm, and a large number of aromatic region signals are observed at 7.1 to 7.3 ppm, confirming the remaining graft polymerization initiation point of the monomer (B). can do. On the other hand, in the multibranched polymer of the second embodiment in which graft polymerization is further performed on the obtained multibranched polymer, 1 In H-NMR, the signal at the benzyl position at σ = about 4.5 ppm almost disappears, and the signal observed in the aromatic region is only one in about 7.2 ppm, and the graft polymerization starting point of the monomer (B) It can be confirmed that all are consumed for graft polymerization and disappeared.
[0054]
The multibranched polymer of the present invention is preferably a multibranched polymer in which lithium ions are bonded by cation exchange. Cation exchange can be performed with, for example, metallic lithium, lithium hydride, lithium oxide, lithium hydroxide, or the like.
[0055]
The present invention further provides a solid electrolyte containing the base polymer composed of the multi-branched polymer thus obtained and an electrolyte salt.
[0056]
As an electrolyte salt, LiClO Four , LiPF 6 , LiBF Four , LiAsF 6 , LiSbF 6 , CF Three SO Three Li, CF Three CO 2 Li, C 2 F Four (SO Three Li) 2 , (CF Three SO 2 ) 2 NLi, (CF Three SO 2 ) Three CLi, LiClF Four LiAlCl Four LiAlO Four , LiCl, LiI, and lithium salt electrolytes such as mixed salts thereof are preferable, and in particular, LiPF 6 , LiBF Four , (CF Three SO 2 ) 2 NLi and (CF Three SO 2 ) Three CLi is particularly preferred.
[0057]
The content of the electrolyte salt in the solid electrolyte is determined by the multi-branched polymer ethylene oxide unit (ethylene glycol unit) that is a base polymer of the solid electrolyte, that is, -OCH. 2 CH 2 0.5-30 mol% is preferable with respect to O-, and 1-10 mol% is more preferable.
[0058]
If necessary, the solid electrolyte of the present invention is added with an electrochemically inert plasticizer, a metal oxide such as titanium oxide or silicon oxide, a filler such as a plastic filler and / or an ion conductive filler, or the like. It may be.
[0059]
The solid electrolyte of the present invention can be obtained, for example, by dissolving a base polymer and an electrolyte salt in a solvent such as acetonitrile and evaporating the solvent, but it can also be used in a gel state containing an electrolytic solution and an electrolyte salt. Can do.
[0060]
Furthermore, the present invention provides an electrochemical device including the solid electrolyte of the present invention. Examples of such electrochemical elements include primary, secondary batteries, capacitors, electrochromic elements and the like, and the solid electrolyte of the present invention can be used as an electrolyte, an electrode binder, etc. It is effective as an electrolyte for capacitors.
[0061]
Batteries to which the electrochemical device of the present invention is preferably applied include various types of batteries such as separators, containers, positive and negative terminals, etc., such as polypropylene and polyethylene, such as rectangular, cylindrical, coin, and paper types. Is mentioned.
[0062]
In the case of a lithium secondary battery, as the positive electrode material, for example, LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 LiMnO Four The negative electrode material is carbon that can store and release lithium ions, such as petroleum coke, natural graphite, graphitized mesophase microspheres, PIC (Pseudo Isotropic Carbon), FMC (Fine Mosaic Carbon), organic matter The baked product etc. are mentioned.
[0063]
When a solid electrolyte is used as an electrochemical element for a practical battery, the following performance:
1. Liquid-like ionic conductivity over a wide temperature range
2. Lower resistance at electrode (lithium) / electrolyte interface
3. Redox reaction stability
4). Film formability / strength as diaphragm
5). Combustion characteristics such as nonflammability, flame retardancy, and self-extinguishing properties
However, the solid electrolyte containing the multibranched polymer of the present invention satisfies these performances.
[0064]
【Example】
Next, the present invention will be described in more detail based on examples, but the present invention is not limited to such examples.
[0065]
Example 1
<Copolymerization> From 29 g (110 mmol) of “Blenmer PME-200” (manufactured by NOF Corporation) as the monomer (A) and 1.3 g (8.5 mmol) of 4-chloromethylstyrene as the monomer (B) The resulting monomer mixture was dissolved in 45 g of toluene. To this solution, 1.5 g of t-butyl peroxypivalate “Perbutyl PV” (manufactured by NOF Corporation) was added as a polymerization initiator, and the mixture was heated and stirred at 80 ° C. for 3 hours under an argon stream. After cooling the reaction solution to room temperature, 45 g of hexane was added, and when stirred well, a viscous precipitate was formed. The supernatant was removed, and 45 g of hexane was added to the residue once more and stirred well to remove the supernatant. The residue was vacuum dried at 70 ° C. for 3 hours. Of the obtained hyperbranched polymer (number average molecular weight: 31,000) 1 In the H-NMR measurement, a proton signal at the benzyl position was observed at δ = about 4.5 ppm, and a large number of aromatic proton signals were observed at 7.1 to 7.3 ppm.
[0066]
<Graft polymerization> 10 g of the hyperbranched polymer obtained by the above copolymerization operation, 14 g (51 mmol) of “Blenmer PME-200” (manufactured by NOF Corporation) as the monomer (A), and monomer (B) A monomer mixture consisting of 0.63 g (4.1 mmol) of 4-chloromethylstyrene was dissolved in 28 g of diethyl succinate. To this solution, 0.63 g of copper (I) chloride and 0.09 g of 4,4′-bipyridyl were added under an argon stream. This mixed solution was heated and stirred at 110 ° C. for 5 hours under an argon stream. Activated carbon (3 g) and magnesium hydroxide (5 g) were added to the reaction solution, followed by filtration with a pressure filter. The viscous residue obtained by concentrating the filtrate under reduced pressure was dried under reduced pressure at 70 ° C. for 5 hours. Of the obtained multibranched polymer (number average molecular weight: 68,000) 1 In the H-NMR measurement, the proton signal at the benzyl position at δ = about 4.5 ppm almost disappeared, and only one signal was observed in the aromatic region at about 7.2 ppm.
[0067]
<Ion conductivity measurement> The multibranched polymer obtained by the above graft polymerization operation is dissolved in acetonitrile, and LiBF is used as an electrolyte salt in the obtained solution. Four Was dissolved using an applicator on a PET film having a thickness of 80 μm, and acetonitrile was volatilized to obtain a uniform solid electrolyte membrane (film thickness: about 200 μm). Thereafter, the ion conductivity σ was measured by the following method. The above operation was performed in a glove box filled with argon gas.
[0068]
2 cm from the obtained solid electrolyte membrane 2 The test piece was cut out, and the AC impedance between the electrodes was measured in a glove box using a conductivity measuring cell using a SUS electrode (frequency: 1 to 10). 6 Hz). Ionic conductivity was obtained by complex impedance analysis. As a measuring device, “SI1255 type impedance analyzer” (manufactured by Solartron) was used. Table 1 shows the measured ionic conductivity σ.
[0069]
Example 2
<Copolymerization> 29 g (110 mmol) of “Blemmer PME-200” (manufactured by NOF Corporation) as the monomer (A), 1.3 g (8.5 mmol) of 4-chloromethylstyrene as the monomer (B) and A multibranched polymer was used in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a monomer mixture comprising 0.7 g (2.8 mmol) of “Light Ester P-1M” (manufactured by Kyoeisha) was used as the monomer (C). (Number average molecular weight: 26,000) was obtained.
[0070]
<Graft polymerization> 10 g of the hyperbranched polymer obtained by the above copolymerization operation, 14 g (51 mmol) of “Blenmer PME-200” (manufactured by NOF Corporation) as the monomer (A), and as the monomer (B) A monomer mixture consisting of 0.63 g (4.1 mmol) of 4-chloromethylstyrene and 0.35 g (1.4 mmol) of “light ester P-1M” (manufactured by Kyoeisha) as the monomer (C) is used. Except that, a multibranched polymer (number average molecular weight: 53,000) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
[0071]
<Ion conductivity measurement> A solid electrolyte membrane was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and the ion conductivity was measured.
[0072]
Example 3
<Copolymerization> 28.6 g (110 mmol) of “Blenmer PME-100” (manufactured by NOF Corporation) as the monomer (A) and 1.3 g (8.5 mmol) of 4-chloromethylstyrene as the monomer (B) And a monomer mixture composed of 0.26 g (4.9 mmol) of acrylonitrile was used to obtain a multi-branched polymer (number average molecular weight: 29,000) in the same manner as in Example 1.
[0073]
<Graft Polymerization> 10 g of the hyperbranched polymer obtained by the above copolymerization operation, 13.9 g (74 mmol) of “Blenmer PME-100” (manufactured by NOF Corporation) as the monomer (A), monomer (B ) Was used in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a monomer mixture consisting of 0.63 g (4.1 mmol) of 4-chloromethylstyrene and 0.13 g (2.5 mmol) of acrylonitrile was used. (Number average molecular weight: 64000) was obtained.
[0074]
<Ion conductivity measurement> A solid electrolyte membrane was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and the ion conductivity was measured.
[0075]
Example 4
<Copolymerization> 29 g (150 mmol) of “Blenmer PME-100” (manufactured by NOF Corporation) as the monomer (A), 1.3 g (8.5 mmol) of 4-chloromethylstyrene as the monomer (B), A monomer mixture comprising 0.4 g (1.6 mmol) of “light ester P-1M” (manufactured by Kyoeisha) and 0.4 g (2.2 mmol) of styrene-4-sulfonic acid as the monomer (C) A hyperbranched polymer (number average molecular weight: 30,000) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that it was used.
[0076]
<Graft Polymerization> 10 g of the hyperbranched polymer obtained by the above copolymerization operation, 13.9 g (74 mmol) of “Blemmer PME-100” (manufactured by NOF Corporation) as monomer (A), monomer ( B) 4-chloromethylstyrene 0.63 g (4.1 mmol) as monomer (C) “Light Ester P-1M” (manufactured by Kyoeisha) 0.2 g (0.79 mmol) and styrene-4- A multi-branched polymer (number average molecular weight: 66,000) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a monomer mixture consisting of 0.2 g (2.2 mmol) of sulfonic acid was used.
[0077]
<Ion conductivity measurement> A solid electrolyte membrane was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and the ion conductivity was measured.
[0078]
Example 5
<Copolymerization> A multi-branched polymer (number average molecular weight: 31,000) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
[0079]
<Graft Polymerization> Monomer mixture comprising 10 g of the hyperbranched polymer obtained by the above copolymerization operation and 5.0 g (18 mmol) of “Blenmer PME-200” (manufactured by NOF Corporation) as the monomer (A). Was dissolved in 28 g of diethyl succinate. Under this argon stream, 0.21 g of copper (I) chloride and 0.03 g of 4,4′-bipyridyl were added to this solution. This mixed solution was heated and stirred at 110 ° C. for 4 hours under an argon stream. To the reaction solution, 3 g of activated carbon and 5 g of magnesium hydroxide were added and filtered with a pressure filter. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a residue.
[0080]
This residue was dissolved in 28 g of diethyl succinate, and 0.21 g (1.4 mmol) of 4-chloromethylstyrene was added as a monomer (B). Under this argon stream, 0.21 g of copper (I) chloride and 0.03 g of 4,4′-bipyridyl were added to this solution. This mixed solution was heated and stirred at 110 ° C. for 1 hour under an argon stream. Thereafter, 5.0 g (18 mmol) of “Blenmer PME-200” (manufactured by NOF Corporation) was added as the monomer (A), and the mixture was heated and stirred for 3 hours under an argon stream. To the reaction solution, 3 g of activated carbon and 5 g of magnesium hydroxide were added and filtered with a pressure filter. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a residue. Of the obtained hyperbranched polymer 1 In H-NMR measurement, a benzylic proton signal was observed at δ = about 4.5 ppm, and a signal of about 7.2 ppm and a large number of signals of 7.1 to 7.3 ppm were observed as aromatic protons. .
[0081]
This residue was dissolved in 28 g of diethyl succinate, and 5.0 g (18 mmol) of “Blenmer PME-200” (manufactured by NOF Corporation) was added as a monomer (A). Under this argon stream, 0.21 g of copper (I) chloride and 0.03 g of 4,4′-bipyridyl were added to this solution. This mixed solution was heated and stirred at 110 ° C. for 4 hours under an argon stream. To the reaction solution, 3 g of activated carbon and 5 g of magnesium hydroxide were added and filtered with a pressure filter. The viscous residue obtained by concentrating the filtrate under reduced pressure was dried under reduced pressure at 70 ° C. for 5 hours. Of the obtained hyperbranched polymer (number average molecular weight: 66,000) 1 In the H-NMR measurement, only one signal was observed at about 7.2 ppm as the aromatic region.
[0082]
<Ion conductivity measurement> A solid electrolyte membrane was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and the ion conductivity was measured.
[0083]
Comparative Example 1
A solution of polyethylene oxide in acetonitrile was added to LiBF. Four The film was formed in the same manner as in Example 1 and the ionic conductivity was measured.
[0084]
[Table 1]
[0085]
From the above results, it can be seen that the solid electrolyte membranes obtained in Examples 1 to 5 have higher ionic conductivity than that obtained in Comparative Example 1.
[0086]
Example 6
A predetermined amount of N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and “cefural soft G180” in a homogenizer container (consisting of a main chain of vinylidene fluoride-trifluoride ethylene copolymer and polyvinylidene fluoride in the side chain) ( Central Glass Co., Ltd.) was added and dispersed and dissolved at 3500 rpm to 7000 rpm while heating. DMF was further added to this solution and dispersed and dissolved at 2500 rpm to 7000 rpm. The concentration of the cefral soft solution was 10% by weight. 40 g of the above cefal soft solution is put in a homogenizer container, and 43 g of lithium cobaltate (Seimi Chemical Co., particle size 2 to 3 μm) and 3 g of acetylene black “HS-100” (Electrochemical Co., Ltd.) are added as the positive electrode active material. The mixture was dispersed and mixed at 12000 rpm for 5 minutes at room temperature to obtain a positive electrode coating solution. This coating solution was printed on an aluminum foil (length: 30 mm, width: 30 mm, thickness: 30 μm) in a circular shape with a diameter of 15 mm with a metal mask printer, and allowed to stand for 24 hours to evaporate DMF to form a positive electrode. The thickness of this electrode was 0.15 mm. 40 g of the above cefal soft solution is put into a homogenizer container, 9 g of graphite “SFG25” (Lonza, 90% cumulative particle size: 25 μm) is added as a negative electrode active material, and dispersed and mixed at 12000 rpm for 5 minutes at room temperature. A coating solution was obtained. This coating solution was printed on a copper foil (length: 30 mm, width: 30 mm, thickness: 30 μm) in a circular shape with a diameter of 15 mm with a metal mask printing machine, and allowed to stand for 24 hours to evaporate DMF to form a negative electrode. The thickness of this electrode was 0.15 mm. Both metal foils were cut into a circle having a diameter of 15 mm, the solid electrolyte film having a diameter of 17 mm prepared in Example 1 was sandwiched between the two coating films, and the periphery was sealed with a polyolefin-based hot melt adhesive to form coin-type lithium ions. A secondary battery was produced.
[0087]
The internal resistance of this battery was as small as 50Ω. Moreover, it turned out that there is no problem in the adhesiveness of both electrodes and a solid electrolyte membrane. The cell was charged to 2V at 1 mA and then discharged to 1V. The discharge capacity was 1.5F. In addition, good capacitor characteristics were exhibited, and no deterioration of the characteristics was observed after 3 days.
[0088]
Example 7
A coin-type lithium ion secondary battery was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the solid electrolyte membrane obtained in Example 3 was used as the solid electrolyte membrane.
[0089]
The internal resistance of this battery was as extremely low as 20Ω, and it was found that there was no problem in the adhesion between both electrodes and the solid electrolyte membrane. The cell was charged to 2V at 1 mA and then discharged to 1V. The discharge capacity was 1.8F. In addition, good capacitor characteristics were exhibited, and no deterioration of the characteristics was observed after 3 days.
[0090]
Comparative Example 2
A lithium secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the solid electrolyte membrane produced in Comparative Example 1 was used. The initial internal resistance of this battery was 200Ω, the adhesion between both electrodes and the solid electrolyte was poor, and the internal resistance after 3 days increased to 1000Ω, making charging and discharging impossible.
[0091]
【The invention's effect】
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, it became possible to provide the multibranched polymer used as the base material of the polymer solid electrolyte which has the high ionic conductivity excellent in the homogeneity and solid strength, and its manufacturing method. Therefore, by using the multi-branched polymer, it is possible to obtain a solid electrolyte having high ionic conductivity excellent in homogeneity and solid strength. And when such a solid electrolyte is used for an electrochemical element, it is possible to obtain good characteristics such as the formation of a good electrochemical interface with the electrode.
Claims (11)
(イ)単量体(A)、単量体(B)、及び式(III):
(ウ)単量体混合物(a)又は(b)において、単量体(A)及び単量体(C)以外のアクリル化合物及び/又は単量体(B)以外のスチレン化合物をさらに含有してなる単量体混合物(c)を共重合させて得られる多分岐高分子、並びに
(エ)単量体混合物(c)において、前記アクリル化合物及び/又はスチレン化合物が多官能性で架橋性を有する多分岐高分子、からなる群より選択されるいずれか一種の、数平均分子量が2,000〜100,000の多分岐高分子に、少なくとも式(I):
(A) Monomer (A), monomer (B), and formula (III):
(C) The monomer mixture (a) or (b) further contains an acrylic compound other than the monomer (A) and the monomer (C) and / or a styrene compound other than the monomer (B). (D) In the monomer mixture (c), the acrylic compound and / or styrene compound is multifunctional and has a crosslinkability. Any one of the multi-branched polymers having a number average molecular weight of 2,000 to 100,000 selected from the group consisting of the multi-branched polymers having at least the formula (I):
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP37175099A JP4491103B2 (en) | 1999-12-27 | 1999-12-27 | Multi-branched polymer, production method thereof, solid electrolyte and electrochemical device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP37175099A JP4491103B2 (en) | 1999-12-27 | 1999-12-27 | Multi-branched polymer, production method thereof, solid electrolyte and electrochemical device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2001181352A JP2001181352A (en) | 2001-07-03 |
| JP4491103B2 true JP4491103B2 (en) | 2010-06-30 |
Family
ID=18499240
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP37175099A Expired - Fee Related JP4491103B2 (en) | 1999-12-27 | 1999-12-27 | Multi-branched polymer, production method thereof, solid electrolyte and electrochemical device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP4491103B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101127401A (en) * | 2000-10-19 | 2008-02-20 | 佳能株式会社 | Solid polyelectrolyte (composite) membrane containing phosphoric acid group and method for producing same |
| JP4562364B2 (en) | 2003-09-12 | 2010-10-13 | 日本曹達株式会社 | Block / graft copolymers and solid polymer electrolytes using them |
| JP5101816B2 (en) * | 2003-11-26 | 2012-12-19 | 日本曹達株式会社 | Hyperbranched polymer |
| WO2006016665A1 (en) * | 2004-08-13 | 2006-02-16 | Nippon Soda Co., Ltd. | Multibranched polymers and process for production thereof |
| JP4782999B2 (en) * | 2004-09-21 | 2011-09-28 | 日本曹達株式会社 | Polymer solid electrolyte battery |
| US7645830B2 (en) | 2005-01-21 | 2010-01-12 | Nippon Soda Co., Ltd. | Polymer, crosslinked polymer, composition for solid polymer electrolyte, solid polymer electrolyte, and adhesive composition |
| JP5091030B2 (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2012-12-05 | 日本曹達株式会社 | Dendrimer, method for producing the same, and ion-conductive polymer electrolyte |
| JP6061096B2 (en) * | 2011-03-28 | 2017-01-18 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | Polymer electrolyte and lithium polymer battery |
| JP6112288B2 (en) * | 2012-08-24 | 2017-04-12 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | Hyperbranched polymer having ethylene oxide chain and use thereof |
| KR102229457B1 (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2021-03-18 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | Polymer electrolyte and manufacturing method thereof |
| WO2026014389A1 (en) * | 2024-07-12 | 2026-01-15 | 住友化学株式会社 | Polymer, electrolyte composition, and battery |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3910866A (en) * | 1973-09-17 | 1975-10-07 | Roger E Morris | Acrylate rubber vulcanizable compositions |
| JPS5590516A (en) * | 1978-12-28 | 1980-07-09 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | Coating composition with excellent functionality |
| JPH04296347A (en) * | 1991-03-26 | 1992-10-20 | Kuraray Co Ltd | Solid polymer electrolyte |
| JP3729610B2 (en) * | 1996-08-19 | 2005-12-21 | 株式会社デンソー | Flame retardant solid electrolyte |
-
1999
- 1999-12-27 JP JP37175099A patent/JP4491103B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2001181352A (en) | 2001-07-03 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP0842216B1 (en) | Rechargeable battery polymeric electrolyte | |
| US10950863B2 (en) | Binder composition for negative electrode, slurry for negative electrode, negative electrode, and lithium ion secondary battery | |
| US20130130102A1 (en) | Ether compound, electrolyte composition for non-aqueous battery, binder composition for non-aqueous battery electrode, slurry composition for non-aqueous battery electrode, electrode for non-aqueous battery and non-aqueous battery | |
| CN106165179A (en) | Solid electrolyte | |
| JP4491103B2 (en) | Multi-branched polymer, production method thereof, solid electrolyte and electrochemical device | |
| EP3922652B1 (en) | Composition, slurry for positive electrode, and battery | |
| JP2022536290A (en) | In-situ polymerized polymer electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries | |
| US20220123317A1 (en) | Composition, slurry for positive electrode, and battery | |
| JP2005528327A (en) | Graft oligomer electrolyte | |
| JP7575464B2 (en) | COMPOSITION, POSITIVE ELECTRODE COMPOSITION, POSITIVE ELECTRODE SLURRY, POSITIVE ELECTRODE, AND SECONDARY BATTERY | |
| US20220162364A1 (en) | Composition | |
| JP3105137B2 (en) | Composite solid electrolyte | |
| JP7575465B2 (en) | Composition, resin composition, composition for positive electrode, slurry for positive electrode, positive electrode, and secondary battery | |
| JP5000109B2 (en) | Binder for electrode preparation, electrode and polymer battery | |
| KR20220040645A (en) | gel-polymer electrolyte comprising litium salt and graft copolymer, the manufacturing method of the same | |
| CN116284536B (en) | Copolymers and binders for lithium batteries | |
| JP2003142160A (en) | Lithium ion conductive gel-form electrolyte and polymer lithium ion secondary battery | |
| JP7575463B2 (en) | COMPOSITION, POSITIVE ELECTRODE COMPOSITION, POSITIVE ELECTRODE SLURRY, POSITIVE ELECTRODE, AND SECONDARY BATTERY | |
| JP2004161873A (en) | Hyperbranched polymer, method for producing the same, solid electrolyte, electrochemical element, and separation membrane | |
| JPH10125134A (en) | Polymer electrolyte | |
| JP4155245B2 (en) | battery | |
| KR102488679B1 (en) | Aqueous binder for a lithium-ion secondary battery, anode comprising the same, lithium-ion secondary battery comprising the anode, and method for polymerizing copolymer comprised in the binder | |
| KR20250174623A (en) | rechargeable lithium metal cells | |
| CN107851837A (en) | Silicone copolymers and the solid polymer electrolyte for including this silicone copolymers | |
| CN121839859A (en) | Gel electrolyte, in-situ solidification electrolyte and lithium ion battery |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20061010 |
|
| A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20081127 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20091005 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20091203 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20100104 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20100303 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20100330 |
|
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20100405 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130409 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130409 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
| FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20140409 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |