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JP4496582B2 - Lithium secondary battery - Google Patents
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JP4496582B2 - Lithium secondary battery - Google Patents

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JP4496582B2
JP4496582B2 JP37526999A JP37526999A JP4496582B2 JP 4496582 B2 JP4496582 B2 JP 4496582B2 JP 37526999 A JP37526999 A JP 37526999A JP 37526999 A JP37526999 A JP 37526999A JP 4496582 B2 JP4496582 B2 JP 4496582B2
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power generation
battery
generation element
current collector
battery case
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JP2001185225A (en
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幹夫 岩田
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GS Yuasa Corp
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GS Yuasa Corp
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、大容量を有するリチウム二次電池に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
電気自動車等に用いられる大容量のリチウム二次電池の従来の構成例を説明する。このリチウム二次電池は、図5に示されるように、方形箱型の電池ケース1内に巻回型の発電要素7が収納されている。発電要素7は、帯状の正負の電極を帯状のセパレータを介して円筒形に巻回したものである。これらの正負の電極は、それぞれ巻回軸方向に少しずつずらして巻回することにより、一方の端面には正極の端部を突出させ、他方の端面には負極の端部を突出させている。そして、この発電要素7の一方の端面に正極端子4の集電体4aが配置され、ここに突出する正極の端部が接続されると共に、他方の端面に負極端子3の集電体3aが配置され、ここに突出する負極の端部が接続されている。また、これらの正極端子4と負極端子3の先端部は、電池ケース1の端面から封止材等によって絶縁封止されて外部に出されている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
電池の容量を大きくする為には、電池内部に収納されている発電要素を大きくすることが必要であるが、大きくなればなるほど発電要素を構成する電極等の面積も大きくなり、均一な集電状態を保つのが難しくなり、また、巻回機の性能に左右されるような製造技術上の問題もあり、大きな発電要素を製造するのは難しい。そして、発電要素の性能、製造技術等を考慮した場合、リチウム二次電池の場合で400Ahが限界値である。
【0004】
また、方形箱型の電池ケース内に円筒形の発電要素を収納すると、電池ケースと発電要素との間に隙間が生じ、電池としてのエネルギー密度が低下するという問題もあった。
【0005】
そこで、このような隙間を減らす為に、発電要素を長円筒形にすることが考えられ、さらに、大きな発電要素を使用せずに大容量の電池を作製する方法として、この長円筒形の発電要素を複数個その側面平坦部を合わせるようにして電池ケース内に収納するという方法が考えられた。そして、このような構造の電池を採用することによって、電池ケース内の隙間が少なく容量密度が大きい、かつ、発電要素を複数収納することで容量の大きな電池の製造が可能となった。
【0006】
しかしながら、電池の容量が大きくなることにより、これまでの電池ではなかったような大きな電流が電池内を流れるようになって電池内部での発熱量が多くなり、さらに、発電要素を複数並べることにより、一つの場合に比べて発電要素からの放熱が悪くなって温度上昇を生じ易くなるという問題が生じるようになった。
【0007】
以上に鑑み、本発明は、複数個の発電要素が収納された電池における放熱性を向上させることを目的とするものである。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明のリチウム二次電池は、円筒形の発電要素が複数個、長円筒形の平坦な側面同士が合わさるように電池ケース内に収納され、前記発電要素と前記電池ケースとの間に放熱用の固体部材が配置されていることを特徴とする。
【0009】
このように、電池ケースと発電要素との間に放熱用の固体部材が配置されることによって、固体部材を通して発電要素で発生した熱が電池ケースへと効率よく伝わるようになり、放熱性能が改善する。さらに、固体の部材を用いることによって、発電要素の動きが制限され、電池が振動等した場合にも発電要素の動きが抑制されるようになる。なお、放熱用の固体部材は、電池ケースと発電要素との間の隙間を埋めるように配置するのが良い。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
具体的な実施形態について説明することにより、本発明についてさらに説明する。
【0011】
本発明のリチウム二次電池は、長円筒形の発電要素が複数個、長円筒形の平坦な側面同士が合わさるように電池ケース内に収納され、前記発電要素と前記電池ケースとの間の隙間を埋めるように放熱用の固体部材が配置されていることを特徴とするものである。
【0012】
長円筒形の発電要素とは、例えば、円筒型の発電要素の側面を平板で挟んで変形させて得られるような形状の発電要素を意味し、巻軸方向に垂直な断面の形状が長円を有するものをいい、平坦な側面はこの長円の曲率の大きい部分(または直線部分)によって形成される側面部をいう。そして、この長円の形としては、隙間を少なくするという理由から、直線部と円弧部とから形成されるような形状であるのがより好ましい。
【0013】
図4は従来例と本実施形態での無駄なスペースの割合を比較した図である。この図からも理解されるように、円筒形の発電要素7が1個だけ配置される場合(同図(A))には、この発電要素をできるだけ隙間なく方形箱型の電池ケース1に収納しても、約22%のスペース(G1)の無駄が生じるのに比べ、このような長円筒形の発電要素2を2個以上配置(同図(B))することで、同じ方形箱型の電池ケース1にできるだけ隙間なく収納すれば、スペース(G2)の無駄を約11%以下に減少させることができる。さらに、4個以上配置(同図(C))することで、スペース(G3)の無駄をさらに約5%以下まで減少させることができ、10個以上配置することで、さらに約2%以下まで減少させることができる。
【0014】
固体部材は、例えば、隙間形状に合わせて成形され、その材質としては、PP、PE、PPS等の合成樹脂、金属等を用いることができるが、できるだけ軽く、熱伝導率の大きいものが良い。また、電池内に電解液が存在する場合には、耐電解液性を有するものを用いるのが良い。そしてこれらの条件を満たす材質として、中でもアルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金が適している。なお、金属を用いる場合には、発電要素との間の電気的絶縁に注意を払う必要が有り、これは例えば、発電要素表面にポリイミドフィルム等の絶縁フィルムを形成する等して行うことが出来る。また、固体部材と発電要素または容器との接触も熱的に良好、すなわち熱伝達が良好なものとなるようにするのが好ましく、例えば、互いに密着するようにするのが良い。
【0015】
本発明で用いられる発電要素の大きさとしては、好ましくは40Ah以上のもので400Ah以下のものを用いるのが良く、電池容量としては、100Ah以上、より好ましくは400Ah以上であるのが好ましい。これは、従来の発電要素が1個収納された電池に比べて本発明の電池は構造が複雑となるのであるが、このような大きさのものを用いた場合に、このような構造の複雑さを考慮してもなお、容量の大きさ、容量密度の点でより有利な電池とすることが出来るからである。そして、これら発電要素は互いに並列接続されるようにして用いられるのが、このような容量の観点から好ましい。なお、上記容量は、いわゆる定格容量と同じものと考えて良いが、定格容量が明確でない場合には、その電池の通常の使用状態における満充電状態から100Aの大きさの電流で放電を行い、放電中の電池電圧が2.7V未満になるまでの放電持続時間から計算される容量で判断する。例えば、1時間放電が持続されれば100Ah、0.4時間であれば40Ahである。
【0016】
発電要素間の接続、または、発電要素と電池の外部端子との接続は集電体を用いて行われるが、本電池は特に大容量を目指した電池である為、例えば電池が外部で短絡された場合には、非常に大きな電流が流れる。そこで、このような場合にも安全性を損なわないように、発電要素から電流を取出す為の集電体を、その一部に他の部分よりも電流の通過する断面積が小さくなっている部分を有し、所定の電流値を越えた場合にこの部分が断線するように構成するのが好ましい。例えば、断線が生じる電流値を決め、集電体の材質を決めれば、この部分での発熱量が求められる為、これらに基き断面積を決めるようにすれば良い。なお、材質としては融点の低いアルミニウムまたはこれの合金が好ましい。例えば、Cuの場合には、その融点は約1000℃であり、これに対しAlの場合には約660℃と低く、短絡電流による発熱での切断を行い易いからである。
【0017】
さらに、集電体に所定以上の電流が流れた場合に断線する部分を設ける場合、このような断線部を設けるのは正極側の集電体とするのがより好ましい。これは、正極集電体材質として上記Alが適しており、上記切断の容易な材質と一致させることができるからである。
【0018】
【実施例】
以下、実施例により本発明についてさらに説明する。
【0019】
図1〜図3は本発明電池の実施例を示すものであって、図1はリチウム二次電池の電池ケース内に2個の発電要素を収納した場合の構造を示す説明図、図2はこの電池の外観を示す斜視図、図3はリチウム二次電池の電池ケース内に10個の発電要素を収納した場合の構造を示す断面図である。
これらリチウム二次電池は、図2に示す方形箱型の電池ケース1内に、図1に示すように、長円筒形の巻回型の発電要素2を2個(または10個)収納している。電池ケース1は、ステンレス鋼板の方形容器状の上端開口部に同じステンレス鋼板の方形の蓋板を溶接で接合したものである。そして、この電池ケース1の蓋板の両端部に正極端子4と負極端子3の上端部を突出させている。
【0020】
発電要素2は、帯状の正負の電極を帯状のセパレータを介して長円筒形に巻回したものである。正極は、薄い帯状のアルミニウム箔の一方の端部を除く表面にリチウムコバルト複合酸化物の正極活物質を塗布したものであり、負極は、薄い帯状の銅箔の他方の端部を除く表面にグラファイトの負極活物質を塗布したものである。電解液には、EC:DMC:DEC=2:2:1の混合比の混合溶媒にLiPF6を1モル/l含有させたものを用いている。これらの正負の電極は、それぞれ巻回軸方向に少しずつずらして巻回することにより、一方の端面には正極のアルミニウム箔を露出させ、他方の端面には負極の銅箔を露出させている。
このように構成された発電要素2は、例えば、図1に示されるように、長円筒形の平坦な側面同士を合わせた形状で、かつ合わせたことによって発生する隙間に、円弧状の金属アルミニウム固体部材7(図1では省略されているが、下部にも同様の形状で上部のものよりも長いものが挿入されている。上部の固体部材は端子を避ける為短くなっている。)を挿入した後、電池ケース1内に収納される。なお、発電要素2の最外面は、ポリイミドフィルムで覆われて絶縁処理されている。
【0021】
図2に示される電池では、発電要素2は2個であるが、これら2個の発電要素2は、一方の端面側に共通の正極集電体6(アルミ JIS H4000製)を配置して、ここに突出する正極端部のアルミニウム箔をそれぞれこの正極集電体6に接続すると共に、他方の端面側に共通の負極集電体5(銅製)を配置して、ここに突出する負極端部の銅箔をそれぞれこの負極集電体5に接続する。従って、これら2個の発電要素2は、電池ケース1内で並列に接続されて1個の単電池を構成する。正極集電体6と負極集電体5は、それぞれアルミニウム板と銅板を波板状に繰り返し屈曲させたものであり、これらの波板状の各間隙に正極のアルミニウム箔や負極の銅箔を多数枚ずつ挟み込んで両側から押さえ付け超音波溶接やレーザー溶接等により溶着させることにより接続を行う。また、これらの正極集電体6と負極集電体5には、それぞれ波板状の部分から突出した接続部5a,6aが形成され、2個の発電要素2の間に挿入される。そして、正極集電体6の接続部6aの上方に突出する端部を正極端子4の下端部に接続固定すると共に、負極集電体5の接続部5aの上方に突出する端部を負極端子3の下端部に接続固定する。
【0022】
図3に示される電池の場合には、発電要素2が10個であり、この場合、正極端子部の接続構造は、上記図2に示される構造と同じである。そして、残りの部分の発電要素2は、接続部も切断部も備えない集電体本体のみからなる正極集電体6により、上記同様にして接続され、これら正極集電体6が互いに接続されて10個の発電要素2が並列に接続された構造となっている。負極側も同様である。
【0023】
図2に示される電池の正極集電体6と図10に示される電池の端部の正極集電体6は、図2に示されるように、接続部6aが、切断部6bを介して正極集電体本体6Cとつながっており、図10に示される電池の端部の正極集電体6では、接続部6aは、端子方向に垂直な断面で厚さ1mm、幅50mm、断面積50mm2であり、切断部6bは、3mmの長さで接続部6aと正極集電体本体6Cとをつなぎ、その断面で厚さ0.5mm、幅10mm、断面積5mm2である。
【0024】
そして、正極集電体6は、電池が短絡されて5000Aの電流が流れた場合、切断部6bが660℃以上に昇温して切断するようになっている。なお、この場合でも接続部6aの温度は200℃程度である。
【0025】
上記正極端子4と負極端子3は、それぞれ予め電池ケース1の蓋板の両端部の開口孔に上端部を挿入し、封止材を介してナットでネジ止めすることによって絶縁封止しておく。そして、この後に2個の発電要素2に接続された正極集電体6と負極集電体5の接続部5a,6aの上端部をそれぞれ正極端子4と負極端子3の下端部に接続固定し、2個の発電要素2を長円筒形の平坦な側面同士をあわせ、かつそのために発生した隙間に円弧状の金属アルミニウム固体部材7を挿入したものを、最後に電池ケース1の方形容器に収納して蓋板を接合する。
【0026】
下記表1に図5に示すのと同じ構造を有する、巻回形の発電要素単体を一つ用いた電池容量400Ahの方形電池(比較例品)と、上記図3に示す構造で同じ容量の長円筒形の発電要素2を10個用いてなる電池容量400Ahの方形電池(実施例品)とについての、外部短絡試験の結果を示す。なお、電池の容量は、電池の開放端子電圧が4.1Vになるまで充電し、この後、100Aの大きさの電流で定電流放電を行い、放電時の電池電圧が2.75Vになるまでの間に放電できる電気量で表している。また、これらの電池は、発電要素の数とその集電方法が異なるだけで、活物質等その他の構成は基本的に同じで上記の通りである。
【0027】
【表1】
外部短絡試験結果

Figure 0004496582
【0028】
正極集電体部の温度は、この部分に熱電対を装着することにより試験時の温度を測定した。
【0029】
実施例品では、外部短絡試験直後に通電が停止し、解体の結果、正極集電体が切断部で切断されているのが確認された。
【0030】
下記表2に、800Aで30分連続放電した場合の、電池内温度、電池外表面温度の測定結果を示す。
【0031】
【表2】
Figure 0004496582
【0032】
実施例品では、発電要素の数が増えているにも拘わらず、従来の構造を有する比較例品より温度上昇が少なく、放熱高率が非常に良くなっていることが確認された。
【0033】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、放熱性が良好で安全性に優れた電池の製造が可能となる。また、集電体に断面積の小さい部分を設けることにより、短絡時に自動的に電流を遮断することが可能となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 2個の発電要素を収納した場合の構造を示す説明図。
【図2】 図1の電池の外観を示す斜視図。
【図3】 10個の発電要素を収納した場合の構造を示す断面図。
【図4】 従来例と実施形態の無駄なスペースの割合を比較した図。
【図5】 発電要素1個が収納された電池の構造を示す構造説明図。
【符号の説明】
1:電池ケース 2:発電要素 3:負極端子
4:正極端子 5:負極集電体 6:正極集電体
6a:接続部 6b:切断部 6c:集電体本体
7:固体部材[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a lithium secondary battery having a large capacity.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A conventional configuration example of a large-capacity lithium secondary battery used for an electric vehicle or the like will be described. In this lithium secondary battery, as shown in FIG. 5, a wound-type power generation element 7 is accommodated in a rectangular box-type battery case 1. The power generation element 7 is obtained by winding a belt-like positive and negative electrode in a cylindrical shape through a belt-like separator. Each of these positive and negative electrodes is wound slightly shifted in the winding axis direction so that the end of the positive electrode protrudes from one end face and the end of the negative electrode protrudes from the other end face. . And the collector 4a of the positive electrode terminal 4 is arrange | positioned at one end surface of this electric power generation element 7, and the edge part of the positive electrode which protrudes here is connected, and the collector 3a of the negative electrode terminal 3 is connected to the other end surface. The end of the negative electrode which is disposed and protrudes here is connected. Further, the tip portions of the positive electrode terminal 4 and the negative electrode terminal 3 are insulated and sealed from the end surface of the battery case 1 with a sealing material or the like, and are taken out to the outside.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In order to increase the capacity of the battery, it is necessary to increase the power generation element housed in the battery, but the larger the area, the larger the area of the electrodes, etc. that constitute the power generation element, and the uniform current collection. It is difficult to maintain a state, and there is a problem in manufacturing technology that depends on the performance of the winding machine, and it is difficult to manufacture a large power generation element. When considering the performance of the power generation element, the manufacturing technology, etc., 400 Ah is the limit value in the case of the lithium secondary battery.
[0004]
In addition, when a cylindrical power generation element is housed in a rectangular box-type battery case, there is a problem that a gap is generated between the battery case and the power generation element, and the energy density of the battery is reduced.
[0005]
Therefore, in order to reduce such a gap, it is conceivable to make the power generation element into a long cylindrical shape. Further, as a method for producing a large capacity battery without using a large power generation element, this long cylindrical power generation is considered. A method has been considered in which a plurality of elements are accommodated in the battery case so that the side flat portions thereof are aligned. By adopting a battery having such a structure, it is possible to manufacture a battery having a large capacity by accommodating a plurality of power generation elements with a small gap in the battery case and a large capacity density.
[0006]
However, as the capacity of the battery increases, a large current that does not exist in the battery so far flows in the battery, the amount of heat generated in the battery increases, and furthermore, by arranging a plurality of power generation elements As compared with one case, the heat radiation from the power generation element is worsened and the problem that the temperature rises easily occurs.
[0007]
In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to improve heat dissipation in a battery in which a plurality of power generation elements are housed.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The lithium secondary battery of the present invention is housed in a battery case such that a plurality of cylindrical power generation elements and the long cylindrical flat side surfaces are aligned with each other, and for heat dissipation between the power generation element and the battery case . The solid member is arranged.
[0009]
Thus, by disposing a solid member for heat dissipation between the battery case and the power generation element, heat generated in the power generation element through the solid member can be efficiently transmitted to the battery case , improving heat dissipation performance. To do. Furthermore, by using a solid member, the movement of the power generation element is restricted, and the movement of the power generation element is suppressed even when the battery vibrates. The solid member for heat dissipation is preferably arranged so as to fill a gap between the battery case and the power generation element.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention will be further described by describing specific embodiments.
[0011]
The lithium secondary battery of the present invention is housed in a battery case so that a plurality of long cylindrical power generation elements are aligned with each other and the flat cylindrical side surfaces are aligned with each other, and a gap between the power generation element and the battery case A solid member for heat dissipation is arranged so as to fill the gap.
[0012]
The long cylindrical power generation element means, for example, a power generation element having a shape obtained by deforming a cylindrical power generation element sandwiched between flat plates, and the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the winding axis direction is an ellipse. The flat side surface means a side surface portion formed by a portion (or straight portion) having a large curvature of the ellipse. The shape of the ellipse is more preferably a shape formed from a straight portion and an arc portion for the purpose of reducing the gap.
[0013]
FIG. 4 is a diagram comparing the proportion of wasted space between the conventional example and this embodiment. As can be understood from this figure, when only one cylindrical power generation element 7 is arranged (FIG. 1A), this power generation element is accommodated in the rectangular box-type battery case 1 with as little gap as possible. Even if about 22% of the space (G1) is wasted, two or more such long cylindrical power generation elements 2 are arranged (FIG. (B)), so that the same rectangular box shape is obtained. If the battery case 1 is housed in the battery case 1 with as little gap as possible, the waste of the space (G2) can be reduced to about 11% or less. Furthermore, by arranging four or more (FIG. (C)), the waste of space (G3) can be further reduced to about 5% or less, and by arranging ten or more, it is further reduced to about 2% or less. Can be reduced.
[0014]
The solid member is formed, for example, in accordance with the gap shape, and as the material, synthetic resin such as PP, PE, PPS, metal, or the like can be used, but it should be as light as possible and have high thermal conductivity. Moreover, when electrolyte solution exists in a battery, it is good to use what has electrolyte solution resistance. Aluminum or aluminum alloy is particularly suitable as a material that satisfies these conditions. In addition, when using a metal, it is necessary to pay attention to electrical insulation with the power generation element, and this can be performed by, for example, forming an insulating film such as a polyimide film on the surface of the power generation element. . In addition, it is preferable that the contact between the solid member and the power generation element or the container is also good in heat, that is, good heat transfer, for example, in close contact with each other.
[0015]
The size of the power generation element used in the present invention is preferably 40 Ah or more and 400 Ah or less, and the battery capacity is preferably 100 Ah or more, more preferably 400 Ah or more. This is because the structure of the battery of the present invention is more complicated than that of a conventional battery in which a single power generation element is housed. This is because a battery that is more advantageous in terms of capacity and capacity density can be obtained. These power generation elements are preferably used so as to be connected in parallel with each other from the viewpoint of such capacity. The capacity may be considered to be the same as the so-called rated capacity, but if the rated capacity is not clear, the battery is discharged with a current of 100 A from the fully charged state in the normal use state of the battery, Judgment is based on the capacity calculated from the discharge duration until the battery voltage during discharge becomes less than 2.7V. For example, if the discharge is continued for 1 hour, it is 100 Ah, and if it is 0.4 hour, it is 40 Ah.
[0016]
The connection between the power generation elements, or the connection between the power generation elements and the external terminals of the battery is performed using a current collector. However, since this battery is a battery particularly aimed at large capacity, for example, the battery is short-circuited externally. In this case, a very large current flows. Therefore, in such a case, a current collector for taking out current from the power generation element has a smaller cross-sectional area through which current passes than other parts so as not to impair safety. It is preferable that this portion be disconnected when a predetermined current value is exceeded. For example, if the current value at which disconnection occurs is determined, and the material of the current collector is determined, the amount of heat generated at this portion can be obtained, so the cross-sectional area may be determined based on these values. The material is preferably aluminum having a low melting point or an alloy thereof. For example, in the case of Cu, the melting point is about 1000 ° C., whereas in the case of Al, the melting point is as low as about 660 ° C., which makes it easy to cut by heat generation due to a short circuit current.
[0017]
Furthermore, when providing the current collector with a portion that is disconnected when a predetermined current or more flows, it is more preferable to provide such a disconnected portion as a positive current collector. This is because the above-mentioned Al is suitable as the positive electrode current collector material, and can be matched with the above-mentioned material that can be easily cut.
[0018]
【Example】
The present invention will be further described below with reference to examples.
[0019]
1 to 3 show an embodiment of the battery of the present invention. FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a structure when two power generation elements are housed in a battery case of a lithium secondary battery, and FIG. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a structure when ten power generating elements are housed in a battery case of a lithium secondary battery.
As shown in FIG. 1, these lithium secondary batteries contain two (or 10) long cylindrical wound-type power generating elements 2 in a rectangular box-shaped battery case 1 shown in FIG. 2. Yes. The battery case 1 is formed by welding a rectangular lid plate of the same stainless steel plate by welding to a rectangular container-like upper end opening of the stainless steel plate. And the upper end part of the positive electrode terminal 4 and the negative electrode terminal 3 is made to protrude in the both ends of the cover plate of this battery case 1. FIG.
[0020]
The power generation element 2 is obtained by winding a strip-like positive and negative electrode into a long cylindrical shape via a strip-like separator. The positive electrode is obtained by applying a lithium cobalt composite oxide positive electrode active material to the surface excluding one end of a thin strip-shaped aluminum foil, and the negative electrode is formed on the surface excluding the other end of the thin strip-shaped copper foil. A negative electrode active material of graphite is applied. As the electrolytic solution, a mixed solvent having a mixing ratio of EC: DMC: DEC = 2: 2: 1 and containing 1 mol / l of LiPF 6 is used. These positive and negative electrodes are wound slightly shifted in the winding axis direction to expose the positive aluminum foil on one end face and the negative copper foil on the other end face. .
For example, as shown in FIG. 1, the power generating element 2 configured as described above has a shape in which long cylindrical flat side surfaces are combined with each other, and an arc-shaped metal aluminum is formed in a gap generated by the alignment. A solid member 7 (which is omitted in FIG. 1 but having a similar shape and longer than the upper one is inserted in the lower portion. The upper solid member is shortened to avoid a terminal) is inserted. After that, it is stored in the battery case 1. The outermost surface of the power generation element 2 is covered with a polyimide film and insulated.
[0021]
In the battery shown in FIG. 2, there are two power generating elements 2, but these two power generating elements 2 have a common positive electrode current collector 6 (made of aluminum JIS H4000) disposed on one end face side. The aluminum foil at the positive end projecting here is connected to the positive current collector 6 respectively, and the common negative current collector 5 (made of copper) is arranged on the other end face side, and the negative end projecting here Each of the copper foils is connected to the negative electrode current collector 5. Therefore, these two power generation elements 2 are connected in parallel in the battery case 1 to constitute one unit cell. The positive electrode current collector 6 and the negative electrode current collector 5 are obtained by repeatedly bending an aluminum plate and a copper plate in a corrugated shape, and an aluminum foil of a positive electrode or a copper foil of a negative electrode is placed in each of the corrugated gaps. The connection is made by inserting a large number of sheets, pressing them from both sides, and welding them by ultrasonic welding or laser welding. In addition, the positive electrode current collector 6 and the negative electrode current collector 5 are respectively provided with connection portions 5 a and 6 a protruding from corrugated portions, and are inserted between the two power generation elements 2. The end protruding above the connecting portion 6a of the positive current collector 6 is connected and fixed to the lower end of the positive terminal 4, and the end protruding above the connecting portion 5a of the negative current collector 5 is connected to the negative terminal. 3 is fixedly connected to the lower end portion.
[0022]
In the case of the battery shown in FIG. 3, the number of power generating elements 2 is ten. In this case, the connection structure of the positive electrode terminal portion is the same as the structure shown in FIG. The remaining power generation elements 2 are connected in the same manner as described above by a positive electrode current collector 6 made of only a current collector body that does not have a connection portion or a disconnection portion, and these positive electrode current collectors 6 are connected to each other. 10 power generating elements 2 are connected in parallel. The same applies to the negative electrode side.
[0023]
As shown in FIG. 2, the positive electrode current collector 6 of the battery shown in FIG. 2 and the positive electrode current collector 6 at the end of the battery shown in FIG. 10 are connected to each other through the cutting part 6b. In the positive electrode current collector 6 at the end of the battery shown in FIG. 10, which is connected to the current collector body 6C, the connecting portion 6a has a thickness of 1 mm, a width of 50 mm, and a cross-sectional area of 50 mm 2 in a cross section perpendicular to the terminal direction. The cutting portion 6b connects the connecting portion 6a and the positive electrode current collector main body 6C with a length of 3 mm, and has a thickness of 0.5 mm, a width of 10 mm, and a cross-sectional area of 5 mm 2 .
[0024]
Then, when the battery is short-circuited and a current of 5000 A flows, the positive electrode current collector 6 is cut when the cutting portion 6b is heated to 660 ° C. or higher. Even in this case, the temperature of the connecting portion 6a is about 200 ° C.
[0025]
The positive terminal 4 and the negative terminal 3 are insulated and sealed by inserting upper ends into opening holes at both ends of the cover plate of the battery case 1 and screwing with a nut through a sealing material. . Then, the upper ends of the connecting portions 5a and 6a of the positive current collector 6 and the negative current collector 5 connected to the two power generating elements 2 are connected and fixed to the lower ends of the positive terminal 4 and the negative terminal 3, respectively. , The two power generating elements 2 with the long cylindrical flat side surfaces aligned with each other and the arcuate metal aluminum solid member 7 inserted into the generated gap are finally stored in the rectangular container of the battery case 1 Then, the lid plate is joined.
[0026]
Table 1 below has the same structure as that shown in FIG. 5 and has a battery capacity of 400 Ah using a single wound power generation element (comparative example) and the structure shown in FIG. The result of an external short-circuit test is shown for a rectangular battery (Example product) having a battery capacity of 400 Ah using 10 long cylindrical power generation elements 2. The battery capacity is charged until the open terminal voltage of the battery reaches 4.1 V, and then a constant current discharge is performed with a current of 100 A, until the battery voltage at the time of discharge reaches 2.75 V. The amount of electricity that can be discharged during In addition, these batteries are basically the same in other configurations such as the active material as described above, except that the number of power generation elements and the current collecting method are different.
[0027]
[Table 1]
External short-circuit test results
Figure 0004496582
[0028]
The temperature of the positive electrode current collector was measured by attaching a thermocouple to this portion.
[0029]
In the example product, energization was stopped immediately after the external short circuit test, and as a result of disassembly, it was confirmed that the positive electrode current collector was cut at the cutting portion.
[0030]
Table 2 below shows the measurement results of the battery internal temperature and the battery external surface temperature when continuously discharged at 800 A for 30 minutes.
[0031]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004496582
[0032]
In the example product, although the number of power generation elements increased, it was confirmed that the temperature rise was less than that of the comparative example product having the conventional structure, and the heat dissipation rate was very good.
[0033]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, it is possible to manufacture a battery having good heat dissipation and excellent safety. Further, by providing the current collector with a portion having a small cross-sectional area, it is possible to automatically cut off the current when a short circuit occurs.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a structure when two power generation elements are housed.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an appearance of the battery of FIG.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a structure when ten power generation elements are housed.
FIG. 4 is a diagram comparing the ratio of wasted space between the conventional example and the embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a structural explanatory view showing the structure of a battery in which one power generation element is stored.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: battery case 2: power generation element 3: negative electrode terminal 4: positive electrode terminal 5: negative electrode current collector 6: positive electrode current collector 6a: connection portion 6b: cutting portion 6c: current collector body 7: solid member

Claims (2)

長円筒形の発電要素が複数個、長円筒形の平坦な側面同士が合わさるように電池ケース内に収納され、前記発電要素と前記電池ケースとの間に放熱用の固体部材が配置されていることを特徴とするリチウム二次電池。A plurality of long cylindrical power generation elements are housed in the battery case so that the flat side surfaces of the long cylindrical shape are aligned, and a solid member for heat dissipation is disposed between the power generation element and the battery case . A lithium secondary battery characterized by that. 前記発電要素の長円筒形の円弧部と前記電池ケースとの間に放熱用の固体部材が配置されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池。The lithium secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein a solid member for heat dissipation is disposed between the long cylindrical arc portion of the power generation element and the battery case.
JP37526999A 1999-12-28 1999-12-28 Lithium secondary battery Expired - Fee Related JP4496582B2 (en)

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