JP4498065B2 - Directional coupler type branching device, high-frequency transmitter / receiver including the same, and radar apparatus - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a directional coupler type branching device used in a millimeter wave integrated circuit, a millimeter wave radar module, or the like. Specifically, the phase difference between two high-frequency signals branched can be variably controlled. The present invention relates to a directional coupler type branching device and a high-frequency transceiver including the same.

The present invention also relates to a radar apparatus comprising the above-described high frequency transmitter / receiver.

  A conventional directional coupler type branching device includes, for example, a directional coupler including first and second high-frequency transmission lines that transmit high-frequency signals that are close or joined so as to be electromagnetically coupled in the middle. Such a directional coupler having a non-reflection terminator provided at one end on the input end side of the first high-frequency transmission line as seen from the middle of the second high-frequency transmission line is widely known. ing.

  In addition, as a high-frequency transmission line constituting such a directional coupler type branching device, a microstrip line, a coplanar line, a waveguide, a dielectric waveguide, or a non-radiative dielectric line is widely used. Are known. Among these, nonradiative dielectric lines (NonRadiative Dielectric Waveguides, hereinafter also referred to as NRD guides) are capable of transmitting millimeter-wave high-frequency signals with a low loss, such as waveguides, as well as microstrip lines and coplanar. Since it has the feature of being suitable for constructing a planar circuit in the same manner as a line or the like, it is often used for a millimeter wave integrated circuit or the like.

  As shown in a partially broken perspective view in FIG. 11, the basic configuration of the non-radiative dielectric line is such that a cross-sectional shape is rectangular between parallel plate conductors 51 and 52 arranged in parallel with a predetermined interval a. If the interval a is a ≦ λ / 2 with respect to the wavelength λ of the high-frequency signal, the intrusion of noise from the outside to the dielectric line 53 is eliminated. The high frequency signal can be efficiently propagated in the dielectric line 53 without radiating the high frequency signal to the outside. The wavelength λ of the high frequency signal is a wavelength in the air (free space) at the operating frequency.

  Moreover, as an example of the directional coupler which comprises the said conventional directional coupler type | mold branching device, as disclosed by patent document 1, for example, in the reflection port of the subline of a directional coupler, arbitrary It is known that a load capable of adjusting the impedance is attached.

  In addition, directional couplers as disclosed in, for example, Patent Documents 2 to 4 are also known.

  Such a directional coupler type branching device is incorporated and used as a branching device, and as a high-frequency transceiver that is expected to be applied to a millimeter wave radar module, a millimeter wave wireless communication device, etc., for example, a patent document 5 is disclosed. The high-frequency transmitter / receiver disclosed in Patent Document 5 is known as a pulse modulation type high-frequency transmitter / receiver.

  A conventional high-frequency transmitter / receiver of such a pulse modulation system is connected to, for example, a high-frequency oscillator 61 that generates a high-frequency signal and an output end side of the high-frequency oscillator 61, as shown in a schematic block circuit diagram of FIG. A branching device 62 that branches the high-frequency signal and outputs it to one output end 62b and the other output end 62c, and one of the high-frequency signals connected to one output end 62b of the branching device 62. A modulator 63 that modulates the signal and outputs it as a high-frequency signal for transmission, and first, second, and third terminals 64a, 64b, and 64c. A first terminal 64a is provided at the output end 63a of the modulator 63. A circulator 64 connected to output a high-frequency signal input from the first terminal 64a to the second terminal 64b and a high-frequency signal input from the second terminal 64b to the third terminal 64c; Transmit / receive amplifier connected to the second terminal 64b of 64 A high frequency signal as a local signal LO output to the other output terminal 62c of the branching device 62, connected between the second output terminal 62c of the branching device 62 and the third terminal 64c of the circulator 64. And a mixer 66 for mixing the high frequency signal RF received by the transmission / reception antenna 65 and outputting an intermediate frequency signal.

An example of a conventional radar device equipped with such a high-frequency transceiver and a radar device-equipped vehicle equipped with the radar device is disclosed in Patent Document 6, for example.
JP-A-1-274502 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-108303 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-22411 JP2003-198222 JP 2000-258525 A JP 2003-35768 A

  However, even if a directional coupler as disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 4 is used for the conventional directional coupler type branching device, the phase difference between two branched high-frequency signals can be reduced. There was a problem that it was difficult to perform variable control.

  Further, in the high frequency transmitter / receiver disclosed in Patent Document 5, a part of the high frequency signal for transmission is transmitted from the first terminal 64a of the circulator 64 as shown in FIG. 12 in a schematic block circuit diagram. 3 is leaked as an unnecessary high-frequency signal to the terminal 64c, and a signal as noise corresponding to the unnecessary high-frequency signal is output from the mixer (mixer output), so that reception performance is deteriorated. was there. Further, after a part of the local signal LO is reflected by the mixer 66, it leaks from the third terminal 64c of the circulator 64 to the first terminal 64a, and the leaked high-frequency signal is further turned off by the modulator 63 in the off state. It is totally reflected and transmitted from the transmitting / receiving antenna 65 as an unnecessary high-frequency signal, so that each transmitting high-frequency signal transmitted from the transmitting / receiving antenna 65 when the modulator 63 is in the on state and when it is in the off state. There was a problem that the on / off ratio, which is the ratio of signal strength, was lowered, and transmission / reception performance was lowered. That is, when such an unnecessary high-frequency signal is transmitted, the unnecessary high-frequency signal is mixed into the high-frequency signal RF that should be received, and a part of the high-frequency signal RF that should be received cannot be received correctly. There was also a problem.

  In a radar apparatus using such a high-frequency transmitter / receiver, a low-frequency high-frequency signal reflected by a far object to be detected is buried in a high-frequency signal that is noise that is transmitted when the modulator 63 is off. As a result, there is a problem in that the detection range is narrow, or detection of a detection target object may be delayed because erroneous detection is likely to occur.

  Further, in vehicles and small ships equipped with such a radar device, it is performed to detect an object to be detected by the radar device and take appropriate behavior such as avoidance and braking based on the information, Since the detection of the object to be detected is delayed, there is a problem that the vehicle or the small ship may be caused to suddenly behave after the detection.

  The present invention has been devised to solve the above-described problems that are desired to be improved in the prior art, and its purpose is to variably control the phase difference between two high-frequency signals that are branched. It is an object of the present invention to provide a directional coupler type branching device. Another object of the present invention is to provide a high-performance high-frequency transmitter / receiver that can improve transmission / reception performance with a simple configuration by including the directional coupler type branching device.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a radar apparatus including such a high-performance high-frequency transceiver.

  The directional coupler type branching device according to the present invention includes first and second high-frequency transmission lines for transmitting a high-frequency signal, which are composed of nonradiative dielectric lines that are close or joined so as to be electromagnetically coupled in the middle. A U-shaped cross-section provided at one end on the same side as the output end of the first high-frequency transmission line as viewed from the middle of the second high-frequency transmission line and provided with an opening into which the one end is inserted. And a variable phase reflector that reflects the high-frequency signal that is incident upon sliding the conductive member by changing the phase thereof.

  A first high-frequency transmitter / receiver according to the present invention includes a high-frequency oscillator that generates a high-frequency signal, and the high-frequency oscillator connected to the high-frequency oscillator for branching and outputting the high-frequency signal to one output end and the other output end. Any one of the directional coupler-type branching devices of the present invention having a configuration, and a modulation connected to the one output end and modulating a high-frequency signal branched to the one output end to output a transmission high-frequency signal And a modulator having a first terminal, a second terminal, and a third terminal around the magnetic body, and outputting a high-frequency signal input from one terminal in this order from an adjacent next terminal A circulator whose output is input to the first terminal, a transmission / reception antenna connected to the second terminal of the circulator, the other output terminal of the directional coupler branch, and the circulator 3rd terminal And a mixer for mixing the high frequency signal branched to the other output end and the high frequency signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna to output an intermediate frequency signal. is there.

The first high-frequency transmitter / receiver of the present invention, in the above-described configuration, transmits the phase of the high-frequency signal reflected by the variable phase reflector of the directional coupler branching device through the modulator in the off state. A high frequency signal Wa ₂ is transmitted from the other output end of the directional coupler type branching device to the output end of the modulator through the mixer and the circulator, and reflected at the output end of the modulator. When the high-frequency signal is Wb ₂ and the phase difference at the center frequency between the Wa ₂ and the Wb ₂ is δ, δ = (2N + 1) · π (where N is an integer). It is characterized by that.

  A second high-frequency transmitter / receiver of the present invention includes a high-frequency oscillator that generates a high-frequency signal, and the high-frequency signal that is connected to the high-frequency oscillator and that outputs the signal to one output end and the other output end. Any one of the directional coupler-type branching devices of the present invention having a configuration, and a modulation connected to the one output end and modulating a high-frequency signal branched to the one output end to output a transmission high-frequency signal , One end connected to the output end of the modulator, an isolator that transmits the high-frequency signal for transmission from the one end side to the other end side, a transmission antenna connected to the isolator, and the directional coupler A receiving antenna connected to the other output end of the branching device, and the other output end connected between the other output end of the directional coupler branching device and the receiving antenna. Branched high frequency It is characterized in that it comprises a mixer for outputting the intermediate frequency signal by mixing the radio frequency signal received by No. and the receiving antenna.

  A radar apparatus according to the present invention includes a high-frequency transmitter / receiver according to any one of the above-described configurations of the present invention, and distance information for detecting distance information to a detection target by processing the intermediate frequency signal output from the high-frequency transmitter / receiver. And a detector.

  According to the directional coupler type branching device of the present invention, the first and second high-frequency transmission lines for transmitting a high-frequency signal composed of non-radiative dielectric lines, which are close or joined so as to be electromagnetically coupled in the middle, The U-shape is provided at one end on the same side as the output end of the first high-frequency transmission line as viewed from the middle of the second high-frequency transmission line, and is provided with an opening into which the one end is inserted. And a variable phase reflector that reflects the high-frequency signal that is incident upon sliding the conductive member by changing the phase of the high-frequency signal. A part of the high-frequency signal input to the input end of the transmission line is output from the output end of the first high-frequency transmission line and the other high-frequency signal input to the input end of the first high-frequency transmission line. Is the second high-frequency transmission The second high-frequency transmission line is coupled to the line and propagates to the same side as the output end of the first high-frequency transmission line when viewed from the middle, and is extended to one end of the second high-frequency transmission line. It acts as a branching device such that it is reflected by the provided variable phase reflector and output from the output end which is the other end of the second high-frequency transmission line. At that time, since the variable phase reflector functions to control and change the phase of the high frequency signal when reflecting the incident high frequency signal, the variable phase reflector is connected to each output end of the first and second high frequency transmission lines. Since the phase difference between the high-frequency signals to be output can be controlled and changed, a directional coupler type branching device that can variably control the phase difference between the two high-frequency signals to be branched is obtained.

  According to the first high-frequency transceiver of the present invention, a high-frequency oscillator that generates a high-frequency signal and the high-frequency signal connected to the high-frequency oscillator are branched and output to one output end and the other output end. Any one of the directional coupler-type branching devices of the present invention having the above-described configuration and a high-frequency signal branched to the one output end connected to the one output end to output a transmission high-frequency signal A modulator that has a first terminal, a second terminal, and a third terminal around the magnetic body, and outputs a high-frequency signal input from one terminal in this order from the adjacent next terminal, A circulator in which an output of a modulator is input to the first terminal; a transmission / reception antenna connected to the second terminal of the circulator; the other output terminal of the directional coupler branch; and the circulator The third of A mixer that is connected to a terminal and that mixes a high-frequency signal branched to the other output end and a high-frequency signal received by the transmission / reception antenna, and outputs an intermediate frequency signal. The coupler-type branching unit adjusts (tunes) the phase difference between the high-frequency signal output to one output end and the high-frequency signal output to the other output end to an appropriate one, and then starts from the first terminal of the circulator. Since the unnecessary high-frequency signal leaked to the terminal 3 and inputted to one input end of the mixer and the high-frequency signal inputted to the other input end of the mixer are weakened and mixed, it is unnecessary. Since the mixer output as noise corresponding to the high-frequency signal can be suppressed, a high-performance high-frequency transmitter / receiver capable of improving the reception performance is obtained.

According to the first high frequency transmitter / receiver of the present invention, the phase of the high frequency signal reflected by the variable phase reflector of the directional coupler type branching device is transmitted through the modulator in the off state. Wa ₂ , a high-frequency signal that passes through the mixer and the circulator from the other output end of the directional coupler type branching device to the output end of the modulator and reflects at the output end of the modulator was a Wb _2, the phase difference at the center frequency of the Wa ₂ and the Wb ₂ is taken as δ, δ = (2N + 1 ) · π ( although, N represents an integer.) when set to be the Since these Wa ₂ and Wb ₂ are combined in opposite phases between the output end of the modulator and the circulator and cancel each other and effectively attenuate, the high frequency signal for transmission is transmitted when the modulator is in the OFF state. It becomes a higher-performance high-frequency transceiver capable of effectively suppressing transmission of a part of the signal as an unnecessary signal and improving transmission / reception performance.

  According to the second high-frequency transceiver of the present invention, a high-frequency oscillator that generates a high-frequency signal and the high-frequency signal connected to the high-frequency oscillator are branched and output to one output end and the other output end. Any one of the directional coupler-type branching devices of the present invention having the above-described configuration and a high-frequency signal branched to the one output end connected to the one output end to output a transmission high-frequency signal A modulator, one end connected to the output end of the modulator, an isolator that transmits the transmission high-frequency signal from the one end side to the other end side, a transmission antenna connected to the isolator, and the directionality A receiving antenna connected to the other output end of the coupler-type branching device, and the other output connected between the other output end of the directional coupler-type branching device and the receiving antenna Branched to the end A directional coupler-type branch is also provided in a high-frequency transmitter / receiver using a separate antenna for transmission / reception since the mixer includes a mixer that mixes a frequency signal and a high-frequency signal received by the receiving antenna and outputs an intermediate frequency signal. The device adjusts (tunes) the phase difference between the high-frequency signal output to one output end and the high-frequency signal output to the other output end to an appropriate one from the transmission antenna and the reception antenna to one input end of the mixer. The unwanted high-frequency signal leaked to the mixer and the high-frequency signal input to the other input end of the mixer are mixed so as to be weakened, so the mixer output as noise corresponding to the unnecessary high-frequency signal is suppressed. Therefore, it becomes a high-performance high-frequency transceiver capable of improving the reception performance.

  According to the radar apparatus of the present invention, the high-frequency transmitter / receiver having any one of the above-described configurations and the distance information detection for detecting the distance information to the detection target by processing the intermediate frequency signal output from the high-frequency transmitter / receiver. Since the high-frequency transmitter / receiver transmits a good high-frequency signal with a high transmission output on / off ratio and receives it with good reception sensitivity, the detection object can be detected quickly and reliably. At the same time, the radar apparatus can reliably detect a detection object at a close distance or a distant object.

  First, a directional coupler type branching device of the present invention and a high-frequency transceiver including the same will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view showing an example of a first embodiment of a directional coupler branching device of a reference example. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a second embodiment of the directional coupler type branching device of the reference example, wherein (a) is a plan view and (b) is an AA ′ portion thereof. FIG. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a state of a variable phase reflector in another example of the second embodiment of the directional coupler type branching device of the reference example, (a) is a plan view, b) is a sectional view thereof. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing an example of a third embodiment of the directional coupler branching device of the present invention, where (a) is a plan view and (b) is a BB ′ portion thereof. FIG. FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a state of a variable phase reflector in another example of the third embodiment of the directional coupler type branching device of the reference example, (a) is a sectional view, b) is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC ′ of the central portion.

  FIGS. 6 and 7 are a schematic block circuit diagram and a plan view, respectively, showing an example of an embodiment of the first high-frequency transceiver of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a perspective view schematically showing an example of a substrate on which a diode used in a non-radiative dielectric line type modulator is mounted. FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 are a schematic block circuit diagram and a plan view, respectively, showing an example of an embodiment of the second high-frequency transceiver of the present invention. FIG. 11 is a partially broken perspective view showing the basic configuration of the non-radiative dielectric line.

1 to 5, reference numeral 1 denotes a microstrip line as a first high-frequency transmission line, 2 denotes a microstrip line as a second high-frequency transmission line, and 3 denotes a variable capacitance element as a variable phase reflector. A tunable capacitor, 4 is a conductive member as a variable phase reflector, 5 is a non-radiating dielectric line as a first high-frequency transmission line, 6 is a non-radiating dielectric line as a second high-frequency transmission line, 7 is a conductive member as a variable phase reflector, 8 is a waveguide as a second high-frequency transmission line, and 9 is a conductive member as a variable phase reflector. 1a and 5a are input ends, 2a, 6a and 8a are one ends, 1b, 2b, 5b and 6b are output ends and 2c and 2'c are dielectric substrates, and 2d and 2'd. Are ground conductors, 2e and 2'e are signal conductors, 6c and 6d are flat conductors, 6e is a dielectric line, and 4a, 7a and 9a are one ends of conductive members 4, 7 and 9.

  6 to 11, 11 is a high-frequency oscillator, 12 is a directional coupler branching device, 13 is a modulator, 14 is a circulator, 15 is a transmitting / receiving antenna, 16 is a mixer, 17 is a switch, 18 is an isolator, 19 is a transmitting antenna, 20 is a receiving antenna, 21 and 31 are lower flat conductors, 22 and 32 are first dielectric lines, 23 and 33 are second dielectric lines, and 24 and 34 are magnetic bodies. Ferrite plate, 25 and 35 are third dielectric lines, 26 and 36 are fourth dielectric lines, 27 and 37 are fifth dielectric lines, 28 and 38b are variable phase reflectors, and 38a is a non-reflective termination. , 39 is a sixth dielectric line, 40 and 44 are substrates, 41 is a choke-type bias supply line, 42 is a connection terminal, 43 is a high-frequency modulation element, 45 is a high-frequency detection element, and 51 and 52 are flat conductors 53 is a dielectric line, 12a is an input end, 12b is one output end, 12c is the other output end, 13a and 18a are input ends, 13b and 18b are output ends, 14 , 24a, 34a is a first terminal, 14b, 24b, the 34b second terminal, 14c, 24c, is 34c a third terminal.

  1 and 2A, the dielectric substrate and the ground conductor are not shown. In FIG. 3A, the dielectric substrate is not shown. Further, the flat conductor is not shown in FIG. 7 and 10, the upper flat conductor is not shown.

  An example of the first embodiment of the directional coupler type branching device of the reference example is a first example of transmitting a high-frequency signal that is close or joined so as to be electromagnetically coupled midway as shown in a plan view in FIG. In the microstrip lines 1 and 2 as the first and second high-frequency transmission lines and the microstrip line 2 as the second high-frequency transmission line, the same side as the output end 1b of the microstrip line 1 as seen from the middle And a tunable capacitor 3 that is a variable capacitance element as a variable phase reflector that is variably controlled by changing the phase of an incident high-frequency signal and reflecting it.

In this configuration, the tunable capacitor 3 is connected between the signal conductor and the ground conductor at one end 2 a of the microstrip line 2, and the capacitance between the signal conductor and the ground conductor at one end 2 a of the microstrip line 2. When the high frequency signal propagating through the microstrip line 2 is reflected, the phase is changed. In this example, the tunable capacitor 3 operates as such a variable phase reflector by changing the impedance in a lumped constant at one end 2 a of the microstrip line 2 .

  The example of the first embodiment of the directional coupler type branching device of the reference example shown in FIG. 1 operates as follows as a whole. Part of the high-frequency signal input to the input end 1a of the microstrip line (first high-frequency transmission line) 1 is output from the output end 1b of the microstrip line (first high-frequency transmission line) 1, The other part of the high-frequency signal input to the input end 1a of the strip line (first high-frequency transmission line) 1 is electromagnetically coupled to the microstrip line (second high-frequency transmission line) 2 in the middle of the line. The microstrip line (second high-frequency transmission line) 2 propagates to the same side as the output end 1b of the microstrip line (first high-frequency transmission line) 1, and the microstrip line (first 2 is reflected by a tunable capacitor (variable impedance element) 3 as a variable phase reflector provided at one end 2a of the high-frequency transmission line 2). The operation of the branching unit such output from flop line (second high-frequency transmission line) 2 which is the other end an output end 2b.

  Accordingly, an example of the first embodiment of the directional coupler type branching device of the reference example shown in FIG. 1 is a variable capacitance element as a variable phase reflector when operating as a branching device as described above. When the tunable capacitor 3 is used to control by changing the phase of the high-frequency signal when reflecting the high-frequency signal, the microstrip lines (first and second high-frequency transmission lines) 1 and 2 Since the phase difference between the high-frequency signals output from the output terminals 1b and 2b can be changed and controlled, the phase difference between the two high-frequency signals branched can be variably controlled. By using the variable capacitance element, a variable capacitance element such as a tunable capacitor 3 as a circuit component is connected to the TEM mode waveguide type high-frequency transmission line such as the microstrip line 1 or 2. There is an advantage that a simple configuration such as only connecting to the unit can be achieved.

  Next, an example of the second embodiment of the directional coupler type branching device of the reference example shown in FIG. 2 is different from the example shown in FIG. 1 in that the variable phase reflector is replaced with a microstrip line (second Of the high-frequency transmission line) 2 in the vicinity including the one end 2a, the conductive member 4 is disposed to face the microstrip line 2. More specifically, the microstrip line 2 has a signal conductor 2e formed on the surface of a dielectric substrate 2c having a grounding conductor 2d formed on the back surface. The signal conductor 2e is disposed so as to be opposed to the signal conductor 2e and the dielectric substrate 2c at a predetermined distance, and has a flat plate shape wider than the signal conductor 2e.

Further, another example of the second embodiment of the directional coupler type branching device of the reference example shown in FIG. 3 is different from the example shown in FIG. Coplanar lines 1 ′ and 2 ′ are used instead of the strip lines 1 and 2, and the variable phase reflector is connected to the coplanar line 2 ′ in the vicinity including one end 2′a of the coplanar line (second high-frequency transmission line) 2 ′. It is the structure made into the electroconductive member 4 arrange | positioned facing. More specifically, the coplanar line 2 ′ is formed with a signal conductor 2′e at a distance from the center so as to be sandwiched between two ground conductors 2′d formed on the surface of the dielectric substrate 2′c. The conductive member 4 is disposed on the signal conductor 2′e and the ground conductor 2′d of the coplanar line 2 ′ so as to be in contact with each other.

  In these configurations, the conductive member 4 propagates through the second high-frequency transmission line 2, 2 ′ by rapidly changing the impedance at one end 4 a with respect to the second high-frequency transmission line 2, 2 ′. It functions to reflect high frequency signals. In order to make the conductive member 4 perform such a function, the conductive member 4 and the second high-frequency wave are arranged such that the one end 4a is placed on the one end 2a, 2'a side of the second high-frequency transmission line 2, 2 '. What is necessary is just to arrange | position the electroconductive member 4 so that a part by the side of the one end 2a, 2'a of transmission line 2,2 'may oppose or contact. In this way, when the conductive member 4 faces the second high-frequency transmission lines 2 and 2 ', a large impedance change can be caused by the one end 4a. When contacting the second high-frequency transmission lines 2 and 2 ', an inductive large impedance change can be caused by the one end 4a.

  Further, the conductive member 4 is changed from the electromagnetic coupling portion of the second high-frequency transmission line 2, 2 ′ to the one end 4 a by changing the position of the one end 4 a on the second high-frequency transmission line 2, 2 ′. The impedance viewed from the side can be changed in a distributed constant manner. Thereby, the phase of the high frequency signal reflected by the conductive member 4 can be changed. This method of changing the impedance in a distributed constant is markedly superior to the method of changing the impedance in a lumped constant as described above in that the width of phase change is wide. For example, one wavelength of a high-frequency signal It is possible to adjust the phase up to a sufficiently large level. In order to perform such phase adjustment, when the conductive member 4 is arranged in a flat plate shape so as to face each other along the second high-frequency transmission lines 2 and 2 ′, one end 4 a when the position of the one end 4 a is changed. In this case, the change in impedance is stable, and even if the conductive member 4 is moved, the phase adjustment controllability can be prevented because it does not deviate from the state facing the second high-frequency transmission lines 2 and 2 '. It will be better.

The example of the second embodiment of the directional coupler type branching device of the reference example shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 operates in the same manner as the directional coupler type branching device shown in FIG. The conductive member 4 causes an abrupt change in impedance in the vicinity including the ends 2a and 2'a of the second high-frequency transmission lines 2 and 2 ', and the second high-frequency transmission line 2 at that position. , 2 ′, the conductive member 4 changes its position to reflect the high-frequency signal propagating through the second high-frequency transmission line 2, 2 ′. Each of the output ends 1b of the first and second high-frequency transmission lines 1 (1 ′) and 2 (2 ′) has a function of changing the position where the signal is reflected and changing the phase of the high-frequency signal over a wide range. (1 ′ end not shown), 2b (2 ′ end not shown) It can be controlled in a wide control range by changing the phase difference between the high-frequency signal output from an advantage that can be variably controlled in a wide range of the phase difference between the two high-frequency signal branching.

  Next, an example of the third embodiment of the directional coupler type branching device of the present invention shown in FIG. 4 is different from the example shown in FIG. 1 in that the first and second high-frequency transmission lines are not used. It is composed of the radioactive dielectric lines 5 and 6, and the variable phase reflector is a conductive material in which one end 6a of the dielectric line (component of the second high-frequency transmission line) 6e of the non-radiative dielectric line 6 is inserted. It is the structure made into the sex member 7. More specifically, the non-radiative dielectric line 6 as a second high-frequency transmission line for transmitting a high-frequency signal is a lower flat plate arranged in parallel at an interval equal to or less than one half of the wavelength of the high-frequency signal. A dielectric line 6e is disposed between the conductor 6d and the upper flat conductor 6c, and the conductive member 7 has one end 6a of the dielectric line 6e inserted therein.

  In this example, as shown in a plan view in FIG. 4A, the conductive member 7 has a U-shaped cross-sectional shape in which an opening into which the dielectric line 6e is inserted is provided on the end 7a side. The width of the opening is slightly larger than the width of the dielectric line 6e. By doing so, the position of the end 7a can be changed by sliding along the dielectric line 6e in the extending direction, and the conductive member 7 has the same effect as the conductive member 4 described above. It will have. However, in the conductive member 7 as compared with the conductive member 4, the movement is restricted in the extending direction of the non-radiative dielectric line 6 as the second high-frequency transmission line by inserting the dielectric line 6e. Therefore, it is not necessary to newly provide a mechanism for such movement in addition to the conductive member 7, and there is an advantage that the conductive member 7 can be easily moved with good controllability.

Further, another example of the third embodiment of the directional coupler type branching device of the reference example shown in FIG. 5 is different from the example shown in FIG. 4 as first and second high-frequency transmission lines. A waveguide 8 is used in place of the nonradiative dielectric lines 5 and 6, and one end 9a of the conductive member 9 is inserted into one end 8a of the waveguide 8 as the second high-frequency transmission line. In this example, the shape of the conductive member 9 is a rectangular parallelepiped, and as shown in FIG. 5A, the cross-sectional shape is rectangular and the cross-sectional shape is similar to the hollow inner wall of the waveguide 8, The width is slightly smaller than the width inside the waveguide 8. By doing so, the conductive member 9 can be moved along the inner wall of the waveguide 8 with moderate friction, and has the same effect as the conductive member 7 described above. Become. The conductive member 9 may be hollow or not hollow. Further, if the cross-sectional shape of the conductive member 9 is similar to the cross-sectional shape of the hollow portion of the waveguide 8, the surface may be subjected to friction relatively evenly and the movement may be stabilized. It is not limited to that. Further, the cross-sectional shape of the waveguide 8 is not rectangular but may be other shapes such as a circular shape.

  The example of the third embodiment of the directional coupler type branching device shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 operates in the same manner as the example shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, but in this example, the conductive member 7 and In addition to the conductive member 9 having the same effects as the conductive member 4 described above, the conductive member 7 and the conductive member 9 are each a non-radiative dielectric line 6 as a second high-frequency transmission line. Is inserted into one end 8a of the waveguide 8 so that the position thereof can be changed with good controllability while being regulated along the non-radiative dielectric line 6 and the waveguide 8. Therefore, the phase difference of the high-frequency signal output from each output end 5b, 6b of the non-radiative dielectric lines 5, 6 and the waveguide 8 and each output end of the waveguide on the side not shown is changed. Since it can be controlled with good controllability over a wide control range, There is an advantage that the phase difference can be variably controlled with good controllability in a wide range between the two high-frequency signals that.

  Next, an example of an embodiment of the first high-frequency transmitter / receiver of the present invention includes a high-frequency oscillator 11 that generates a high-frequency signal and a high-frequency oscillator 11 connected to the high-frequency oscillator 11 as shown in a block circuit diagram of FIG. The high-frequency signal is branched and output to one output end 12b and the other output end 12c. The directional coupler type branching device 12 of the present invention having the above-described configuration is connected to one output end 12b. The modulator 13 that modulates the high-frequency signal branched to the one output end 12b and outputs a high-frequency signal for transmission, and the first terminal 14a, the second terminal 14b, and the third terminal around the magnetic body A circulator 14 that outputs a high-frequency signal input from one terminal in this order from the next adjacent terminal, the output of the modulator 13 being input to the first terminal 14a, and the first circulator 14 A transmission / reception antenna 15 connected to the terminal 14b of No. 2; Each of the two input terminals 16a and 16b is connected between the other output terminal 12c of the directional coupler type branching device 12 and the third terminal 14c of the circulator 14, and branched to the other output terminal 12c. A mixer 16 is provided that mixes the high-frequency signal and the high-frequency signal received by the transmission / reception antenna 15 to output an intermediate frequency signal.

In the above configuration, as a preferable configuration, the phase of the high frequency signal reflected by the variable phase reflector of the directional coupler type branching device 12 is set to Wa ₂ , and the high frequency signal transmitted through the modulator 13 in the off state is set to Wa ₂ . from the other output terminal 12c of the coupler type turnout 12 through the mixer 16 and the circulator 14 transmits to the output end 13b of the modulator 13, a high-frequency signal reflected at the output end 13b of the modulator 13 and Wb _2, Wa _{When the} phase difference at the center frequency between ₂ and Wb ₂ is δ, δ = (2N + 1) · π (where N is an integer) is set. In order to set the phase difference δ to be δ = (2N + 1) · π, the high-frequency signal output to one output terminal 12b of the directional coupler branching device 12 and the other output terminal 12c are output. What is necessary is just to adjust the phase difference with a high frequency signal by the above structures. In this way, such adjustment can be easily and reliably performed.

  In addition, the first high-frequency transmitter / receiver of the present invention shown in FIG. 6 uses a nonradiative dielectric line as a high-frequency transmission line for connecting the above-described components. The basic configuration of this nonradiative dielectric line is the same as that shown in the partially broken perspective view of FIG.

  That is, the first high-frequency transmitter / receiver of the present invention shown in FIG. 6 is arranged in parallel at an interval of 1/2 or less of the wavelength of the high-frequency signal, as shown in a plan view in FIG. One end of the first dielectric line 22 is connected between the flat conductors 21 (the other flat conductor is not shown), and the high frequency signal output from the high frequency diode is frequency-modulated and the first high frequency signal is provided. A high-frequency oscillator 11 that propagates through the dielectric line 22 and outputs it, and the high-frequency signal connected to the other end of the first dielectric line 22 is reflected or output to the input end 13a side according to the pulse signal. On the peripheral portion of the modulator 13 to be transmitted to the end 13b, the second dielectric line 23 having one end connected to the output end 13b of the modulator 13, and the ferrite plate 24 arranged in parallel to the flat conductor 21 , First terminals 24a, which are input / output terminals for high frequency signals, respectively. The first terminal 24a has the second terminal 24b and the third terminal 24c, and outputs the high-frequency signal input from one terminal in this order from the next adjacent terminal. A third dielectric having a circulator 14 connected to the other end of the circulator 14 and a peripheral portion of the ferrite plate 24 of the circulator 14 arranged radially and having one end connected to the second terminal 24b and the third terminal 24c. A body line 25 and a fourth dielectric line 26, a transmitting / receiving antenna 15 connected to the other end of the third dielectric line 25, and a midway approaching or joining the midway of the first dielectric line 22, A fifth dielectric line 27 for branching and propagating a part of the high-frequency signal propagating through the first dielectric line 22, and a conductivity in which one end of the fifth dielectric line 27 on the modulator 13 side is inserted. A member 28 (corresponding to the conductive member 7) and a fourth dielectric line 26 The high-frequency signal input from the fifth dielectric line 27 and the high-frequency signal received by the transmission / reception antenna 15 and input from the circulator 14 connected between the other end of the first dielectric line 27 and the other end of the fifth dielectric line 27. And a mixer 16 that mixes the signal and outputs an intermediate frequency signal. Note that the first dielectric line 22 and the fifth dielectric line 27 constitute a directional coupler type branching device 12 by electromagnetic coupling at a proximity portion or a junction portion in the middle thereof. In FIG. 7, the first terminal 24a, the second terminal 24b, and the third terminal 24c correspond to the first terminal 14a, the second terminal 14b, and the third terminal 14c in FIG. 6, respectively. Yes.

Further, in the above configuration, as a preferable configuration, the position of the conductive member 28 is set such that the high frequency signal transmitted through the modulator 13 in the off state is Wa ₂ , and the mixer 16 is connected to the other output end of the directional coupler type branching device 12. and through the circulator 14 transmits to the output end 13b of the modulator 13, a high-frequency signal reflected at the output end 13b of the modulator 13 and Wb _2, was a phase difference δ at the center frequency between Wa ₂ and Wb ₂ Sometimes, δ = (2N + 1) · π (where N is an integer) is set. In order to set the phase difference δ to be δ = (2N + 1) · π, the high-frequency signal output to one output terminal 12b of the directional coupler branching device 12 and the other output terminal 12c are output. What is necessary is just to adjust the phase difference with a high frequency signal by the above structures. In this way, such adjustment can be easily and reliably performed.

  In the above configuration, as shown in a perspective view in FIG. 8, the modulator 13 is connected to the connection terminal 42 formed at a halfway portion of the choke type bias supply line 41 formed on the surface of the substrate 40 for high frequency modulation. A high-frequency modulation unit connected with a diode 43 as an element is connected between the first dielectric line 22 and the second dielectric line 23 and a high-frequency signal output from the first dielectric line 22 is sent to the diode 43. It is inserted so as to be incident. In this configuration, a PIN diode may be used as the diode 43 as the high frequency modulation element. Further, instead of the diode 43, a transistor or a microwave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC) may be used.

  Such a transmission type modulator is suitable for the modulator 13 in the high-frequency transceiver of the present invention. Instead of the transmissive modulator, a switch such as a semiconductor switch or a MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System) switch that can transmit or reflect a high-frequency signal may be used.

  The first high-frequency transmitter / receiver of the present invention shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 configured as described above operates in the same manner as a conventional high-frequency transmitter / receiver. However, at that time, the directional coupler type branching device 12 adjusts (tunes) the phase difference between the high frequency signal output to one output end 12b and the high frequency signal output to the other output end 12c to an appropriate one. Thus, an unnecessary high frequency signal leaking from the first terminal 14a of the circulator 14 to the third terminal 14c and inputted to one input end 16b of the mixer 16 and a high frequency signal inputted to the other input end 16b of the mixer 16 Since the output from the mixer 16 as noise corresponding to the unnecessary high-frequency signal can be suppressed, the high-performance high-frequency transmission / reception that can improve the reception performance It becomes a vessel.

Further, the first high frequency transmitter / receiver of the present invention shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 changes the phase of the high frequency signal reflected by the variable phase reflector of the directional coupler type branching device 12 to the modulator 13 in the off state. A high-frequency signal to be transmitted is transmitted from Wa ₂ , the other output end 12c of the directional coupler type branching device 12 to the output end 13b of the modulator 13 through the mixer 16 and the circulator 14, and at the output end 13b of the modulator 13. When the reflected high-frequency signal is Wb ₂ and the phase difference at the center frequency between Wa ₂ and Wb ₂ is δ, δ = (2N + 1) · π (where N is an integer). (Specifically, the position of the conductive member 28 is adjusted so that δ = (2N + 1) · π), and therefore, between the output end 13b of the modulator 13 and the circulator 14, these Wa ₂ and Wb ₂ Are combined in opposite phase and cancel each other. Therefore, when the modulator 13 is in the off state, it is possible to effectively suppress a part of the high-frequency signal for transmission from being transmitted as an unnecessary signal and to improve the transmission / reception performance. It becomes a high frequency transceiver.

  Next, an example of an embodiment of the second high-frequency transceiver according to the present invention includes a high-frequency oscillator 11 that generates a high-frequency signal and a high-frequency oscillator 11 connected to the high-frequency oscillator 11, as shown in a block circuit diagram of FIG. The high-frequency signal is branched and output to one output end 12b and the other output end 12c. The directional coupler type branching device 12 of the present invention having the above-described configuration is connected to one output end 12b. A modulator 13 that modulates the high-frequency signal branched to the one output end 12b and outputs a high-frequency signal for transmission, and one end 18a connected to the output end 13b of the modulator 13, the other end from the one end 18a side An isolator 18 that transmits a high-frequency signal for transmission to the end 18b side, a transmitting antenna 19 connected to the isolator 18, and a receiving antenna 20 connected to the other output end 12c side of the directional coupler branch 12 The other output terminal 12 of the directional coupler type branching device 12 A high frequency signal branched to the other output end 12c and a high frequency signal received by the reception antenna 20 are mixed and an intermediate frequency signal is connected to each of the two input ends 16a and 16b. And a mixer 16 for outputting the signal.

  Further, the second high-frequency transmitter / receiver of the present invention shown in FIG. 9 uses a non-radiative dielectric line as a high-frequency transmission line for connecting the above-described components. The basic configuration of this nonradiative dielectric line is the same as that shown in the partially broken perspective view of FIG.

  That is, the second high-frequency transmitter / receiver of the present invention shown in FIG. 9 is specifically arranged in parallel at an interval of 1/2 or less of the wavelength of the high-frequency signal, as shown in a plan view in FIG. One end of the first dielectric line 32 is connected between the flat conductors 31 (the other flat conductor is not shown), and the high frequency signal output from the high frequency diode is frequency-modulated and the first dielectric A high-frequency oscillator 11 that propagates and outputs the line 32, and the high-frequency signal connected to the other end of the first dielectric line 32 reflects the input signal to the input terminal 13a side or the output terminal 13b side. High-frequency modulator 13, a second dielectric line 33 having one end connected to output end 13 b of modulator 13, and a peripheral portion of ferrite plate 34 arranged in parallel to flat conductor 31, respectively. The first terminal 34a and the second terminal 34b, which are signal input / output terminals, The first terminal 34a is connected to the other end of the second dielectric line 33. The first terminal 34a outputs a high-frequency signal input from one terminal in this order from the next adjacent terminal. Circulator 14 and a third dielectric line 35 arranged radially on the periphery of the ferrite plate 34 of the circulator 14 and having one end connected to the second terminal 34b and the third terminal 34c, and 4 dielectric lines 36, a transmission antenna 19 connected to the other end of the third dielectric line 35, and a first dielectric that is in the vicinity of or joined to the middle of the first dielectric line 32 A fifth dielectric line 37 for branching and propagating a part of the high-frequency signal propagating in the line 32; a non-reflection terminator 38a connected to the other end of the fourth dielectric line 36; and a fifth dielectric Conductor connected by inserting one end of one end of the body line 37 on the modulator 13 side. Conductive member 38b (corresponding to the conductive member 7), a sixth dielectric line 39 having one end connected to the receiving antenna 20, the other end of the fifth dielectric line 37, and a sixth dielectric line 37 A high-frequency signal input from the fifth dielectric line 37 and a high-frequency signal received by the receiving antenna 20 and input from the sixth dielectric line 39 connected between the other ends of the dielectric line 39 And a mixer 16 that outputs an intermediate frequency signal. Note that the first dielectric line 32 and the fifth dielectric line 37 constitute a directional coupler type branching device 12 by electromagnetic coupling at a proximity portion or a junction portion in the middle thereof.

  The second high frequency transmitter / receiver of the present invention configured as described above operates in the same manner as a conventional high frequency transmitter / receiver. However, at that time, the directional coupler type branching device 12 adjusts (tunes) the phase difference between the high frequency signal output to one output end 12b and the high frequency signal output to the other output end 12c to an appropriate one. Thus, an unnecessary high frequency signal leaked from the transmitting antenna 19 and the receiving antenna 20 to one input end 16b of the mixer 16 and a high frequency signal input to the other input end 16a of the mixer 16 are weakened and mixed. Therefore, since the output from the mixer 16 as noise corresponding to the unnecessary high frequency signal can be suppressed, a high performance high frequency transmitter / receiver capable of improving the reception performance is obtained.

In the high frequency transceiver of the present invention, the material of the first to sixth dielectric lines 22, 23, 25 to 27, 32, 33, 35 to 37, 39 is a resin such as ethylene tetrafluoride or polystyrene, or Low dielectric constant cordierite (2MgO · 2Al ₂ O ₃ · 5SiO ₂ ) ceramics such as alumina (Al ₂ O ₃ ) ceramics and glass ceramics are preferred, and these are low loss in high frequency signals in the millimeter wave band. is there.

  The first to sixth dielectric lines 22, 23, 25 to 27, 32, 33, 35 to 37, 39 are basically rectangular in shape, but rounded at the corners of the rectangle. It is possible to use various cross-sectional shapes used for transmitting high-frequency signals.

The ferrite plates 24 and 34 are preferably made of zinc, nickel, and iron oxide (Zn _a Ni _b Fe _c O _x ), for example, for high frequency signals among ferrites.

  In addition, the shape of the ferrite plates 24 and 34 is usually a disc shape, but the planar shape may be a regular polygonal shape. In that case, when the number of dielectric lines to be connected is n (n is an integer of 3 or more), the planar shape is preferably a regular m-square (m is an integer greater than n of 3 or more).

  Further, the materials of the flat conductors 21, 31 and the other flat conductor not shown and the conductive members 4, 7, 9, 28, 38b are Cu, in terms of high electrical conductivity and good workability. A conductor such as Al, Fe, Ag, Au, Pt, SUS (stainless steel), or brass (Cu—Zn alloy) is suitable. Or what formed these conductor layers on the surface of the insulating member which consists of ceramics, resin, etc. may be used.

  Further, the non-reflecting terminator 38a has side surfaces (the flat conductor 31 and the other flat conductor not shown) on both sides with respect to the end of the fourth dielectric line 36 to which the non-reflective terminator 38a is connected. A film-like resistor or radio wave absorber may be attached to the upper and lower ends of the surface not facing the inner surface. At that time, the material of the resistor is preferably a nickel chromium alloy or carbon. In addition, as the material of the radio wave absorber, permalloy or sendust is suitable. If these materials are used, the millimeter wave signal can be attenuated efficiently. Further, materials other than these that can attenuate the millimeter wave signal may be used.

  The substrates 40 and 44 are made of aluminum (Al) on one main surface of a plate-like substrate made of thermoplastic resin such as tetrafluoroethylene, polystyrene, glass ceramics, glass epoxy resin, epoxy resin, so-called liquid crystal polymer. , Gold (Au), copper (Cu), or the like formed with a choke-type bias supply line 41 made of a strip conductor or the like is used.

  In the high frequency transmitter / receiver of the present invention, the configuration including the directional coupler branching device of the present invention is important, and as a high frequency transmission line for connecting each circuit element, a non-radiative dielectric line Besides, waveguides, dielectric waveguides, strip lines, microstrip lines, coplanar lines, slot lines, coaxial lines, or modified high-frequency transmission lines depending on the frequency band and application used May be selected and used. In addition to the millimeter wave band, the frequency band used as the high frequency signal is also effective for the microwave band or lower frequency band.

  Further, instead of the circulator 14, a duplexer, a switch, a hybrid circuit, or the like may be used. Further, for the high-frequency oscillator, the modulator, and the mixer, a bipolar transistor, a field effect transistor (FET), or an integrated circuit (CMOS, MMIC, etc.) in which these are integrated may be used instead of the diode.

  Next, a radar apparatus according to the present invention, a vehicle equipped with the radar apparatus and a small ship equipped with the radar apparatus will be described.

  An example of an embodiment of a radar apparatus according to the present invention is to detect by processing either the first or second high-frequency transmitter / receiver of the present invention having the above-described configuration and an intermediate frequency signal output from the high-frequency transmitter / receiver. A distance information detector for detecting distance information to the object.

  According to the radar apparatus of the present invention, because of the above configuration, the high-frequency transmitter / receiver of the present invention is a high-performance one that can stably obtain good reception sensitivity, and has a transmission output on / off ratio. Since a high and good high-frequency signal is transmitted, it is possible to provide a radar apparatus that can detect a detection object quickly and reliably and can also detect a detection object at a short distance or a distant place.

  The radar device-equipped vehicle of the present invention includes the above-described radar device of the present invention and is configured to use this radar device for detection of a detection target.

  According to the radar device-equipped vehicle of the present invention, since it has such a configuration, the behavior of the vehicle is controlled based on the distance information detected by the radar device, and the vehicle is operated as in the conventional radar device-equipped vehicle. For example, it is possible to warn the person who has detected an obstacle or other vehicle on the road by sound, light, or vibration. However, in the vehicle equipped with the radar device of the present invention, the obstacle on the road that is the detection target object. Since the radar device quickly and reliably detects objects and other vehicles, it is possible to perform appropriate control of the vehicle and appropriate warning to the driver without causing the vehicle to take a sudden action.

  The radar device-equipped vehicle of the present invention is not limited to a vehicle for transporting passengers and cargo such as trains, trains, and automobiles, but also bicycles, motorbikes, amusement park vehicles, golf courses, etc. It can also be used for carts and the like.

  A small ship equipped with a radar apparatus according to the present invention includes the radar apparatus according to the present invention, and the radar apparatus is used to detect a detection target.

  According to the radar device-equipped small ship of the present invention, the behavior of the small vessel is based on the distance information detected by the radar device in the small vessel, similarly to the conventional radar device-equipped vehicle. The radar apparatus according to the present invention operates to control the vehicle, and warn the operator of sound, light, or vibration that an obstacle such as a reef, another ship or other small ship has been detected. In the onboard small vessel, the radar device detects obstacles such as reefs, other vessels or other small vessels, which are the objects to be detected, quickly and reliably. Appropriate control of the ship and appropriate warning to the operator can be provided.

  The small-sized ship equipped with the radar device of the present invention is specifically a ship that can be operated without a license or a license of a small ship, and is a rowing boat, a dinghy, a watercraft that has a total tonnage of less than 20 tons. Motorcycles, small bass boats with outboard motors, inflatable boats with inboard motors (rubber boats), fishing boats, recreational fishing boats, work boats, houseboats, towing boats, sports boats, fishing boats, yachts, open-sea yachts, cruisers or gross tonnage 20 It can be used for pleasure boats of tons or more.

  Thus, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a directional coupler type branching device that can variably control the phase difference between two branched high-frequency signals. Further, by providing the directional coupler type branching device, a high-performance high-frequency transmitter / receiver capable of improving transmission / reception performance with a simple configuration, a radar apparatus including such a high-performance high-frequency transmitter / receiver, and It is possible to provide a radar apparatus-equipped vehicle and a radar apparatus-equipped small ship equipped with the radar apparatus.

  Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments and examples, and various modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. For example, a conductive member that functions as a variable phase reflector can change the impedance at one end of the second high-frequency transmission line abruptly at one end by making the material conductive. As long as the same function is exhibited, it is possible that the same function and effect can be obtained effectively even if the material is made of another material.

It is a typical top view which shows an example of 1st Embodiment of the directional coupler type | mold branching device of a reference example. It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of 2nd Embodiment of the directional coupler type | mold branching device of a reference example, (a) is a top view, (b) is sectional drawing of the AA 'part. . It is a schematic diagram which shows the mode of the variable phase reflector in the other example of 2nd Embodiment of 2nd Embodiment of the directional coupler type | mold branch device of a reference example, (a) is a top view, (b) is the cross section. FIG. It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of 3rd Embodiment of the directional coupler type branch device of this invention, (a) is a top view, (b) is sectional drawing of the BB 'part. . It is a schematic diagram which shows the mode of the variable phase reflector in the other example of 3rd Embodiment of the directional coupler type | mold branching device of a reference example, (a) is sectional drawing, (b) is the center. It is CC 'sectional view taken on the line. It is a typical block circuit diagram which shows an example of embodiment of the 1st high frequency transmitter-receiver of this invention. It is a typical top view of the high frequency transmitter-receiver shown in FIG. It is a perspective view which shows typically an example of the board | substrate with which the diode used for the nonradiative dielectric line type | mold modulator was mounted. It is a typical block circuit diagram which shows an example of embodiment of the 2nd high frequency transmitter-receiver of this invention. FIG. 10 is a schematic plan view of the high frequency transceiver shown in FIG. 9. It is a partially broken perspective view which shows the fundamental structure of a nonradiative dielectric track | line. It is a typical block circuit diagram which shows the example of the conventional high frequency transmitter-receiver.

Explanation of symbols

1: Microstrip line (first high-frequency transmission line)
1a: One end (input end)
1b: the other end (output end)
2: Microstrip line (second high-frequency transmission line)
2a: one end 2b: the other end (output end)
2c: Dielectric substrate 2d: Ground conductor 2e: Signal conductor 2 ': Coplanar line (second high-frequency transmission line)
2'a: one end 2'c: dielectric substrate 2'd: ground conductor 2'e: signal conductor 3: tunable capacitor (variable impedance element as variable phase reflector)
4: Conductive member (variable phase reflector)
4a: One end 5: Non-radiative dielectric line (first high-frequency transmission line)
5a: one end (input end)
5b: the other end (output end)
6: Non-radiative dielectric line (second high-frequency transmission line)
6a: one end 6b: the other end (output end)
6c: Flat conductor 6d: Flat conductor 6e: Dielectric line 7: Conductive member (variable phase reflector)
7a: One end 8: Waveguide (second high-frequency transmission line)
8a: One end 9: Conductive member (variable phase reflector)
9a: one end
11: High frequency oscillator
12: Directional coupler type switch
12a: Input terminal
12b: One output terminal
12c: The other output terminal
13: Modulator
13a, 18a: Input terminal
13b, 18b: Output terminal
14: Circulator
14a, 24a, 34a: first terminal
14b, 24b, 34b: second terminal
14c, 24c, 34c: Third terminal
15: Transmit / receive antenna
16: Mixer
17: Switch
18: Isolator
19: Transmitting antenna
20: Receive antenna
21, 31: Flat conductor
22, 32: First dielectric line
23, 33: Second dielectric line
24, 34: Ferrite plate
25, 35: Third dielectric line
26, 36: Fourth dielectric line
27, 37: Fifth dielectric line
28, 38b: Conductive member (variable phase reflector)
38a: Non-reflective terminator
39: Sixth dielectric line
40, 44: Board
41: Choke-type bias supply line
42: Connection terminal
43: High-frequency modulation element (PIN diode)
45: High-frequency detector (Schottky barrier diode)

Claims (5)

First and second high-frequency transmission lines for transmitting high-frequency signals, which are made of non-radiative dielectric lines , which are close or joined so as to be electromagnetically coupled midway;
The second high-frequency transmission line has a U-shape provided at one end on the same side as the output end of the first high-frequency transmission line as viewed from the middle, and provided with an opening into which the one end is inserted. A directional coupler comprising a conductive member having a cross-sectional shape, and a variable phase reflector that reflects the high-frequency signal incident upon sliding the conductive member by changing a phase thereof. Type turnout. A high-frequency oscillator that generates a high-frequency signal;
The directional coupler type branching device according to claim 1, wherein the high-frequency signal connected to the high-frequency oscillator is branched and output to one output end and the other output end.
A modulator connected to the one output end and modulating a high-frequency signal branched to the one output end to output a transmission high-frequency signal;
The output of the modulator has a first terminal, a second terminal, and a third terminal around the magnetic body, and outputs a high-frequency signal input from one terminal in this order from the next adjacent terminal. A circulator input to the first terminal;
A transmitting / receiving antenna connected to the second terminal of the circulator;
A high-frequency signal branched between the other output end connected between the other output end of the directional coupler type branching device and the third terminal of the circulator and a high frequency received by the transmitting / receiving antenna A high-frequency transmitter / receiver comprising a mixer that mixes signals and outputs an intermediate frequency signal. The phase of the high-frequency signal reflected by the variable phase reflector of the directional coupler branch is Wa ₂ , and the other of the directional coupler branch is the high-frequency signal transmitted through the modulator in the off state. center transmitted from the output terminal to the output terminal of said modulator through said mixer and said circulator, a high-frequency signal reflected by the output of said modulator and Wb _2, and the Wa ₂ and the Wb ₂ 3. The high-frequency transceiver according to claim 2, wherein δ = (2N + 1) · π (where N is an integer), where δ is a phase difference in frequency. A high-frequency oscillator that generates a high-frequency signal;
The directional coupler type branching device according to claim 1, wherein the high-frequency signal connected to the high-frequency oscillator is branched and output to one output end and the other output end.
A modulator connected to the one output end and modulating a high-frequency signal branched to the one output end to output a transmission high-frequency signal;
One end connected to the output end of the modulator, and an isolator that transmits the high-frequency signal for transmission from the one end side to the other end side;
A transmitting antenna connected to this isolator;
A receiving antenna connected to the other output end of the directional coupler branch;
A high-frequency signal branched between the other output end connected between the other output end of the directional coupler type branching device and the receiving antenna is mixed with a high-frequency signal received by the receiving antenna. And a mixer for outputting an intermediate frequency signal. A high-frequency transceiver according to any one of claims 2 to 4,
A radar apparatus comprising: a distance information detector that processes the intermediate frequency signal output from the high-frequency transmitter / receiver to detect distance information to a detection target.

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