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JP4512749B2 - Fuel gas production method from organic matter and organic waste containing chitin - Google Patents
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JP4512749B2 - Fuel gas production method from organic matter and organic waste containing chitin - Google Patents

Fuel gas production method from organic matter and organic waste containing chitin Download PDF

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JP4512749B2
JP4512749B2 JP2006061977A JP2006061977A JP4512749B2 JP 4512749 B2 JP4512749 B2 JP 4512749B2 JP 2006061977 A JP2006061977 A JP 2006061977A JP 2006061977 A JP2006061977 A JP 2006061977A JP 4512749 B2 JP4512749 B2 JP 4512749B2
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gas
waste containing
organic waste
containing chitin
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誠一 井上
将宏 野口
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National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

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Description

本発明は、有機物・有機性廃棄物からの燃料ガス製造法に関し、より詳しくは、キチン質を含む有機物・有機性廃棄物からの燃料ガス製造法に関する。   The present invention relates to a method for producing fuel gas from organic matter / organic waste, and more particularly to a method for producing fuel gas from organic matter / organic waste containing chitin.

近年、化石燃料代替エネルギー源としてバイオマスの利用に注目が集まっている。中でもキチン質は、甲殻類・昆虫類・菌類などに多く含まれる資源であるが、強固な結晶構造を有するため処理問題と合わせて有効利用が求められている。
カニ・エビ殻などのキチン質含有有機性廃棄物は、水を含んでいることが多いため、有効的に利用を目指すためには、乾燥工程が必要となり多くのエネルギーを必要とする問題点を抱えている。
In recent years, attention has been focused on the use of biomass as a fossil fuel alternative energy source. Among them, chitin is a resource that is abundant in crustaceans, insects, fungi, and the like, but it has a strong crystal structure and is required to be effectively used in combination with processing problems.
Organic wastes containing chitin such as crabs and shrimp shells often contain water. Therefore, in order to effectively use them, a drying process is required and a lot of energy is required. I have it.

キチンやキトサンは、関節痛などに治癒効果を示すことから、医薬品や健康食品および医療用素材などに利用されている。しかしその利用量は、未利用キチンの量に対して僅かであり、新たな利用法の開発が求められている。
Chitin and chitosan are used in medicines, health foods, medical materials, and the like because they have a healing effect on joint pain and the like. However, the amount of use is small relative to the amount of unused chitin, and there is a need for the development of new methods of use.

本発明は、甲殻類・昆虫類・菌類などキチン質を含む有機物・有機性廃棄物などのバイオマスから原料の乾燥を行わずに水素・メタンなどの燃料ガスを製造するための方法に関するものであり、その利用分野は、水産加工業などキチン質を含む廃棄物を排出する分野に利用できる省エネルギープロセスである。   The present invention relates to a method for producing fuel gas such as hydrogen and methane from biomass such as crustaceans, insects and fungi, such as organic matter and organic waste containing chitin, without drying the raw material. The field of application is an energy-saving process that can be used for fields that discharge chitinous waste such as the fishery processing industry.

甲殻類・昆虫類・菌類などキチン質を含む有機物・有機性廃棄物は、その一部が健康・医療の分野で利用されているが、未利用キチン質の量に対して僅かである。また、キチン質を含む菌類などから水素を製造する方法も検討されているが、それらの方法は、微生物を使った方法であり、より効果的な方法が求められている。また、水を含む廃棄物では、乾燥工程で、多くのエネルギーが消費されるため、簡易で省エネルギー型のプロセスが求められている。   Some organic and organic waste containing chitin such as crustaceans, insects and fungi are used in the fields of health and medical care, but the amount is small relative to the amount of unused chitin. In addition, methods for producing hydrogen from fungi containing chitin are also being studied, but these methods are methods using microorganisms, and more effective methods are required. In addition, since waste containing water consumes a lot of energy in the drying process, a simple and energy-saving process is required.

キチン質含有廃棄物から水素ガスを回収する方法が知られている(特許文献1参照)。この方法は、微生物を用いた方法であり、本特許の手法である熱化学的な方法とは全く異なる手法である。   A method of recovering hydrogen gas from chitinous waste is known (see Patent Document 1). This method is a method using microorganisms, and is completely different from the thermochemical method which is the method of this patent.

水熱反応(注:水と熱による反応を云う)を利用した燃料ガスの製造方法も知られている(特許文献2〜4参照)。この方法では、原料が液状有機物であり、本特許の固体+水の条件とは異なっている。しかも、甲殻類・昆虫類・菌類およびキチン質を含む有機物・有機性廃棄物を原料として利用することについての記載はない。ここでは、触媒として金属塩を用いており、水酸化ナトリウムなどのアルカリを用いていることについてはなんら開示されていない。   There is also known a fuel gas production method using a hydrothermal reaction (note: a reaction by water and heat) (see Patent Documents 2 to 4). In this method, the raw material is a liquid organic substance, which is different from the solid + water conditions of this patent. In addition, there is no description about using organic materials / organic waste containing crustaceans, insects, fungi and chitin as raw materials. Here, a metal salt is used as a catalyst, and there is no disclosure about using an alkali such as sodium hydroxide.

さらに、キチン質を水熱条件下、低分子に分解することについての先行技術が存在する(特許文献5参照)。しかし、ここでは、低分子化触媒として、酸触媒を用いていることが示され、分子量の低分子化を目的としており、水素などのガスの生成に関する記載はなく、ガスの生成については、何ら開示されていない。
特許公開2002−282825号公報 特許公開2002−105466号公報 特許公開2004−352756号公報 特許公開2005−225898号公報 特許公開2003−212902号公報
Furthermore, there exists prior art about decomposing chitin into low molecules under hydrothermal conditions (see Patent Document 5). However, here, it is shown that an acid catalyst is used as the molecular weight reduction catalyst, and the purpose is to reduce the molecular weight. There is no description about the generation of gas such as hydrogen. Not disclosed.
Japanese Patent Publication No. 2002-282825 Japanese Patent Publication No. 2002-105466 Japanese Patent Publication No. 2004-352756 Japanese Patent Publication No. 2005-225898 Japanese Patent Publication No. 2003-212902

発明者らは、未利用な甲殻類・昆虫類・菌類から選ばれるキチン質を含む有機物・有機性廃棄物から有害な窒素酸化物等を含まない水素などの燃料ガスを得る方法を提供する。さらに水を含んでいても原料の乾燥を必要とすることなく、比較的低い温度領域で、短時間・省エネルギー型の方法により水素などの燃料ガスを製造する方法を提供する。
The inventors provide a method for obtaining a fuel gas such as hydrogen that does not contain harmful nitrogen oxides or the like from organic matter / organic waste containing chitin selected from unused crustaceans, insects, and fungi. Furthermore, there is provided a method for producing a fuel gas such as hydrogen in a relatively low temperature range by a short time and energy saving method without requiring drying of the raw material even if it contains water.

本発明者は、上記課題を解決すべく鋭意研究を続けた結果、キチン質を含む有機物・有機性廃棄物から空気を取り除き、アルカリの存在下で、一定の温度、圧力で反応させることにより、目的を達成できることを見出した。
すなわち、本発明は、甲殻類・昆虫類・菌類から選ばれるキチン質を含む有機物・有機性廃棄物に、水及びアルカリ金属化合物又はアルカリ土類金属化合物から選ばれるアルカリ剤を加え、空気を除去して初期圧力30〜50気圧加圧し、その後、200〜400℃加熱保持して反応させることを特徴とするキチン質を含む有機物・有機性廃棄物からのガス製造方法である。
また、本発明においては、空気を除去するに際して、不活性ガス又は還元性ガスをパージガスとして用いることができる。
さらに、本発明においては、反応温度が300〜350℃であり加熱保持する時間が、1分〜6時間とすることができる。
また、本発明においては、反応を密閉容器で行うことができる。
As a result of continual research to solve the above problems, the present inventor removed air from organic matter / organic waste containing chitin and reacted at a constant temperature and pressure in the presence of alkali. I found that I could achieve my objective.
That is, the present invention adds water and an alkali agent selected from alkali metal compounds or alkaline earth metal compounds to organic matter / organic waste containing chitin selected from crustaceans, insects, and fungi to remove air. initial pressure 30-50 atm pressurized and, then, a gas production method of an organic material, organic waste containing a chitin which comprises reacting by 200 to 400 ° C. heating and holding.
In the present invention, when removing air, an inert gas or a reducing gas can be used as a purge gas.
Furthermore, in the present invention, the reaction temperature is 300 to 350 ° C., and the heating and holding time can be 1 minute to 6 hours.
In the present invention, the reaction can be performed in a sealed container.

本発明は、上記のような発明で甲殻類・昆虫類・菌類などキチン質を含む有機物・有機性廃棄物などを乾燥させる工程を必要とすることなく、キチン質由来の窒素が、窒素酸化物にならないので、有害ガスを含むことなく、比較的低い温度領域、短時間・省エネルギーで簡便な方法により水素などの燃料ガスを製造することができる。   The present invention does not require a step of drying organic matter and organic waste containing chitin such as crustaceans, insects and fungi in the invention as described above, and nitrogen derived from chitin is converted to nitrogen oxides. Therefore, a fuel gas such as hydrogen can be produced by a simple method with a relatively low temperature range, a short time and energy saving, without containing harmful gases.

本発明において用いるアルカリ剤としては、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウムなどのアルカリ金属化合物又は酸化カルシウム、水酸化カルシウム、水酸化バリウムなどのアルカリ土類金属化合物を挙げることができる。安価で入手しやすい水酸化ナトリウムが好ましく用いられる。アルカリ剤は、2種以上を併用しても良い。
また、本発明では、甲殻類・昆虫類・菌類から選ばれるキチン質を含む有機物・有機性廃棄物を処理するに際して、有害な窒素酸化物等を発生させないため、予め酸素を取り除いておくことが必要である。このため、本発明においては、キチン質を含む有機物・有機性廃棄物から空気をパージしておくことが必要である。パージに使うガスは、窒素やアルゴン等の不活性ガス又は水素や炭化水素などの還元性ガスを用いることができる。本発明においては、安価で入手しやすい窒素ガスを用いることが望ましい。
さらに、本発明では、反応温度は特に限定する必要はないが、100℃〜400℃が好ましい。
より好ましくは、300〜350℃である。
また、本発明で用いる初期圧力は、1〜50気圧加圧が好ましい。より好ましくは、20〜30気圧である。
さらに、本発明での加熱保持は、1分〜6時間保持が好ましい。より好ましくは、30分〜4時間である。
また、本発明において、反応は連続的に行うのが理想的であるが、装置が大きくなるので、手軽には密閉容器で行うと良い。
Examples of the alkali agent used in the present invention include alkali metal compounds such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, and alkaline earth metal compounds such as calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide and barium hydroxide. Sodium hydroxide, which is inexpensive and easily available, is preferably used. Two or more alkali agents may be used in combination.
Further, in the present invention, when processing organic matter / organic waste containing chitin selected from crustaceans, insects, and fungi, harmful nitrogen oxides are not generated, so that oxygen may be removed in advance. is necessary. For this reason, in this invention, it is necessary to purge air from the organic substance and organic waste containing chitin. As the gas used for purging, an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon or a reducing gas such as hydrogen or hydrocarbon can be used. In the present invention, it is desirable to use nitrogen gas that is inexpensive and easily available.
Furthermore, in this invention, although reaction temperature does not need to specifically limit, 100 to 400 degreeC is preferable.
More preferably, it is 300-350 degreeC.
Further, the initial pressure used in the present invention is preferably 1 to 50 atm. More preferably, it is 20-30 atmospheres.
Furthermore, the heating and holding in the present invention is preferably held for 1 minute to 6 hours. More preferably, it is 30 minutes to 4 hours.
In the present invention, it is ideal to carry out the reaction continuously, but since the apparatus becomes large, it is better to carry out the reaction easily in a sealed container.

本発明の実施例を示す。また、実施例で用いた装置を図1に、および実施例のフローチャートを図2に示す。
通常の内容量100mlのステンレス製オートクレーブに、キチン3gおよび10wt%の水酸化ナトリウム溶液30mlを投入する。オートクレーブを密閉後、窒素ガスによりオートクレーブ内の空気を除去し、初気圧30気圧にまで加圧する。ヒーターによりオートクレーブを200〜350℃にまで加温した。指定温度に到達後は、直ちに冷却し、オートクレーブを開ける。350℃の条件での1および4時間保持も併せて行った。得られた水素などの燃料ガスは、気体であるため、混合物中から容易に分離できる。表1に得られた成分ガスの収量を示す。本結果は、二酸化炭素をほとんど含まない燃料ガスが得られることを示している。発生した二酸化炭素は水溶液中に溶解されていると予想される。

Figure 0004512749
The Example of this invention is shown. Moreover, the apparatus used in the Example is shown in FIG. 1, and the flowchart of the Example is shown in FIG.
3 g of chitin and 30 ml of 10 wt% sodium hydroxide solution are put into a normal stainless steel autoclave with a volume of 100 ml. After sealing the autoclave, the air in the autoclave is removed with nitrogen gas, and the initial pressure is increased to 30 atmospheres. The autoclave was heated to 200-350 ° C. with a heater. When it reaches the specified temperature, cool it down immediately and open the autoclave. The holding at 350 ° C. for 1 and 4 hours was also performed. Since the obtained fuel gas such as hydrogen is a gas, it can be easily separated from the mixture. Table 1 shows the yield of the component gases obtained. This result shows that a fuel gas containing almost no carbon dioxide can be obtained. The generated carbon dioxide is expected to be dissolved in the aqueous solution.
Figure 0004512749

(比較例1)
アルカリ触媒の効果の確認を行うため、通常の内容量100mlのステンレス製オートクレーブに、キチン3gのみを投入する。オートクレーブを密閉後、窒素ガスによりオートクレーブ内の空気を除去し、初気圧30気圧にまで加圧する。ヒーターによりオートクレーブを350℃にまで加温した。指定温度に到達後1時間保持した。結果を表2に示す。この条件では水素の収量が低く、効果的に水素を得るためにはアルカリ触媒が必要である。本条件では、二酸化炭素が主生成ガスとなっている。

Figure 0004512749
(Comparative Example 1)
In order to confirm the effect of the alkali catalyst, only 3 g of chitin is put into a normal stainless steel autoclave with an internal volume of 100 ml. After sealing the autoclave, the air in the autoclave is removed with nitrogen gas, and the initial pressure is increased to 30 atmospheres. The autoclave was heated to 350 ° C. with a heater. Hold for 1 hour after reaching specified temperature. The results are shown in Table 2. Under these conditions, the yield of hydrogen is low, and an alkaline catalyst is required to obtain hydrogen effectively. Under this condition, carbon dioxide is the main product gas.
Figure 0004512749

(比較例2)
原料として有機物(キチン)が関与していることの確認を行うため、通常の内容量100mlのステンレス製オートクレーブに、10wt%の水酸化ナトリウム溶液30mlのみを投入する。オートクレーブを密閉後、窒素ガスによりオートクレーブ内の空気を除去し、初気圧30気圧にまで加圧する。ヒーターによりオートクレーブを350℃にまで加温した。指定温度に到達後1時間保持した。結果を表2に示す。この条件ではガスの生成はなかった。水素生成には、キチンが関与していることが示された。
(Comparative Example 2)
In order to confirm that organic matter (chitin) is involved as a raw material, only 30 ml of 10 wt% sodium hydroxide solution is put into a normal stainless steel autoclave with a volume of 100 ml. After sealing the autoclave, the air in the autoclave is removed with nitrogen gas, and the initial pressure is increased to 30 atmospheres. The autoclave was heated to 350 ° C. with a heater. Hold for 1 hour after reaching specified temperature. The results are shown in Table 2. There was no gas production under these conditions. It has been shown that chitin is involved in hydrogen production.

本発明のキチン質を含む有機物・有機性廃棄物からのガス製造方法は、キチン質を含む有機物・有機性廃棄物から燃料ガスを得ることができるばかりか、燃料ガス中に有害な窒素酸化物を含まないので環境に優しく、小型の装置でも燃料ガスを発生させることが出来るため、産業上の利用が期待できるものである。
The method for producing gas from organic matter / organic waste containing chitinous material of the present invention can obtain fuel gas from organic matter / organic waste containing chitinous material, as well as harmful nitrogen oxides in the fuel gas. It is environmentally friendly since it does not contain fuel, and fuel gas can be generated even with a small device, so that industrial use can be expected.

本発明のガス製造装置の一例An example of the gas production apparatus of the present invention 本発明の実施例のフローチャートFlowchart of an embodiment of the present invention

Claims (4)

甲殻類・昆虫類・菌類から選ばれるキチン質を含む有機物・有機性廃棄物に、水及びアルカリ金属化合物又はアルカリ土類金属化合物から選ばれるアルカリ剤を加え、空気を除去して、初期圧力を30〜50気圧に加圧し、その後、200〜400℃で加熱保持して反応させることを特徴とするキチン質を含む有機物・有機性廃棄物からのガス製造方法。 Water and an alkaline agent selected from alkali metal compounds or alkaline earth metal compounds are added to organic matter / organic waste containing chitin selected from crustaceans, insects, and fungi, air is removed, and the initial pressure is reduced. A method for producing a gas from an organic matter / organic waste containing chitin, wherein the reaction is performed by pressurizing to 30 to 50 atm and then heating and maintaining at 200 to 400 ° C. 空気を除去するに際して、不活性ガス又は還元性ガスをパージガスとして用いる請求項1に記載したキチン質を含む有機物・有機性廃棄物からのガス製造方法。   The method for producing gas from organic matter / organic waste containing chitin according to claim 1, wherein an inert gas or a reducing gas is used as a purge gas when removing air. 反応温度が300〜350℃であり、加熱保持する時間が、1分〜6時間である請求項1又は請求項2に記載したキチン質を含む有機物・有機性廃棄物からのガス製造方法。 The reaction temperature is 300 to 350 ° C. der is, the time to heat held, gas production method of the organic-organic waste containing chitin of claim 1 or claim 2 which is 1 minute to 6 hours. 反応を密閉容器で行う請求項1ないし請求項3のいずれかひとつに記載したキチン質を含む有機物・有機性廃棄物からのガス製造方法。   The method for producing a gas from an organic matter / organic waste containing chitin according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the reaction is performed in a sealed container.
JP2006061977A 2006-03-08 2006-03-08 Fuel gas production method from organic matter and organic waste containing chitin Expired - Fee Related JP4512749B2 (en)

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