JP4516904B2 - Garbage truck - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a garbage collection vehicle capable of loading garbage such as garbage and oversized garbage.

For example, there are large and hard wastes such as desks and chairs that are thrown into the garbage truck. In this case, only the cycle operation such as the primary compression by reversing and lowering the pushing plate, the secondary compression by normal rotation, and the pushing by raising by the loading device that the conventional garbage truck has for loading dust, The dust may not be fully compressed. Therefore, there is a possibility that such a hard dust may be stored in the dust storage box with a high bulk, and there is a problem that the dust storage efficiency is lowered.
Therefore, in such a loading device, when a predetermined load (resistance) is applied to the loading device in the compression stroke in which the dust is compressed by the pushing plate, the inching operation is automatically repeated a predetermined number of times. There is one that sufficiently compresses the dust (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 6-20921

However, the conventional garbage collection vehicle as described above repeats the inching operation for the same fixed number of times as in the case of the dust having a large volume even when the volume of the hard dust inputted is small. In addition, the inching operation is repeated for a predetermined number of times even for hard dust that has been compressed to a certain extent by the first compression operation before the inching operation. As described above, the conventional garbage collection vehicle has a problem that the number of inching operations is always constant and a wasteful inching operation may be performed.
In view of the conventional problems as described above, the present invention provides a garbage truck that can change the number of inching operations according to the thrown dust and can increase the efficiency of the dust loading operation. Objective.

The refuse collection vehicle of the present invention includes a dust container, a dust container box connected to the dust container box, a push plate, and the dust thrown into the dust container box using the push plate. A loading device for performing an operation of loading into the refuse storage box, a load detecting means for detecting a loading load in the loading device, a position detecting means for detecting an operating position of the pushing plate, and the load An operation control means for causing the loading device to perform an inching operation comprising an operation of pushing the dust and an operation of retracting the dust when the detection means detects a predetermined loading load; and And an operation number control means for setting the required number of inching operations based on the operation position of the pushing plate by the position detection means when the load detection means detects the predetermined loading load.
According to the refuse collection vehicle configured as described above, when the load detecting means detects that the pushing plate of the loading device pushes the dust and a predetermined loading load is generated in the loading device, The position detecting means detects the operating position of the pushing plate at that time. Based on the operation position of the pushing plate, the operation frequency control means can set the required number of inching operations. As a result, when the dust volume is compressed until the volume of the dust is reduced to some extent by the compression operation by the pushing plate before the inching operation, the required number of times of the inching operation can be set, and when the volume of the dust remains large, A large number of required operations can be set. Thereby, useless inching operation | movement can be eliminated and the efficiency of the dust loading operation | work can be improved.

Further, in the garbage collection vehicle, the operation number control means is based on the operation position of the pushing plate by the position detection means when the inching operation is completed a certain number of times and the number of times the inching operation has been completed. It is preferable to change the set required number of inching operations.
In this case, the operation number control means can change the required number of inching operations based on the position of the pushing plate when the inching operation is completed a certain number of times and the number of times the inching operation has been completed. That is, the operation number control means reviews the required number of inching operations once set. Therefore, if the dust can be compressed to a smaller size by completing the inching operation a certain number of times, the operation frequency control means will perform the inching operation based on the operation position of the pushing plate and the number of times the inching operation has been completed. The required number of times can be made smaller than the number of times once set, and the efficiency of the dust loading operation can be further increased.

In addition, when the position detecting unit detects that the pushing plate has reached a predetermined operation position, the loading unit includes a control unit that causes the loading device to perform the operation of the next step without performing the inching operation. Is preferred.
In this case, when the dust is compressed by the pushing plate of the loading device until the dust becomes sufficiently small, and the pushing plate reaches a predetermined operation position close to the pushing stroke end, the loading device is caused to perform the operation of the next step. Can do. Thereby, useless inching operation can be eliminated more effectively, and the efficiency of loading work can be further increased.

  According to the refuse collection vehicle of the present invention, the required number of inching operations can be determined according to the position of the pushing plate when the dust is pushed in and a predetermined load is applied to the loading device. As a result, if the dust is compressed until the dust is reduced to some extent in the initial compression operation by the pushing plate before the inching operation, the necessary number of inching operations can be reduced, and if the volume of the dust remains large The required number of inching operations can be set many times. Thereby, useless inching operation | movement can be eliminated and the efficiency of the dust loading operation | work can be improved.

  FIG. 1 is a side sectional view showing a rear portion of a press-type garbage truck according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the garbage collection vehicle 1 includes a dust storage box 2 and a dust input box 3 connected to the rear part thereof. A throw-in port 3a into which dust is thrown is provided behind the dust throw-in box 3, and a lid 3b that is slid up and down with respect to the throw-in port 3a is provided. In addition, an opening 3 d for loading the dust into the dust storage box 2 is provided at the lower front portion of the dust throwing box 3.

  A loading device 50 is provided in the garbage throwing box 3. The loading device 50 will be described. First, the loading device 50 is provided with guide rails 4 that extend straight from the front upper part to the rear lower part on the left and right side walls 3 c of the garbage throwing box 3, and can move along the guide rails 4. A slider 5 is provided. A pair of rollers 6 are attached to the left and right sides of the slider 5, respectively. The rollers 6 can move up and down in the guide rail 4. The slider 5 has a pair of left and right side members 5a extending along the guide rail 4 and a plate or the like (not shown) extending in the vehicle width direction between them, and these are connected and integrated. It is. Further, a pushing plate 8 is rotatably attached to the lower end portion of the slider 5 via a pin 7. The pushing plate 8 also has a pair of left and right side members 8a and a plate or the like (not shown) extending in the vehicle width direction between them, and these are connected and integrated.

  Lower ends of a pair of left and right push cylinders 9 are respectively attached to both side walls 3c of the dust box 3 by pins 10, and the piston tip is connected to the upper end of the side member 5a of the slider 5 by a pin 11. . Further, the lower end portions of a pair of left and right press cylinders 12 are connected to the pushing plate 8 by pins 13, and the piston tip portion is connected to the upper end portion of the side member 5 a of the slider 5 by the pins 11. Therefore, the slider 5 rises obliquely forward together with the push-in plate 8 by the extension operation of the push cylinder 9, and descends obliquely backward by the contraction operation. As a result, the slider 5 can reciprocate corresponding to the primary compression and push-in described later. Further, the pushing plate 8 is rotated clockwise around the pin 7 by the extension operation of the press cylinder 12, and is rotated counterclockwise by the contraction operation. As a result, the pushing plate 8 can reciprocate in response to reversal and secondary compression described later.

  FIG. 2A is an operation explanatory view in which the pushing plate 8, the push cylinder 9 and the press cylinder 12 which are the main parts of the loading device 50 are extracted from FIG. 1 (however, in order to make the drawing easier to see, the push cylinder 9 The position is slightly shifted). The pushing plate 8 performs the “reverse” stroke by the contraction operation of the press cylinder 12 with the position shown in (a) as the original position, and enters the state shown in (b). Next, the push plate 8 performs a “primary compression” process by the contraction operation of the push cylinder 9 and is in a state shown in FIG. Subsequently, the pushing plate 8 performs a “secondary compression” process by the extension operation of the press cylinder 12 and is in a state shown in FIG. Finally, the pushing plate 8 performs a “pushing” stroke by the push cylinder 9 extending, and returns to the state shown in FIG. Accordingly, the distal end portion 8a of the pushing plate 8 draws a closed shape in which the operation locus connects four points as shown in the figure. As the push cylinder 9 and the press cylinder 12 operate alternately in this way, the pushing plate 8 performs a stroke operation (inversion, primary compression, secondary compression, and pushing) for one cycle. Thereby, the loading device 50 can perform the operation of loading the dust thrown into the dust throwing box 3 into the dust containing box 2 using the pushing plate 8. The loading operation by the loading device 50 is performed according to an instruction from a controller 19 (FIG. 5) described later.

  In the vicinity of the push cylinder 9 and the press cylinder 12, proximity switches (14, 15, 16, and 17) are provided for detecting that their expansion and contraction operations have reached the extension end and the contraction end, respectively. The first proximity switch 14 detects that the operation of the push cylinder 9 has reached the extended end. The second proximity switch 15 detects that the operation has reached the contracted end by detecting the dog 12 a attached to the press cylinder 12. The third proximity switch 16 detects that the operation of the push cylinder 9 has reached the contracted end. The fourth proximity switch 17 detects that the operation of the press cylinder 12 has reached the extended end. The first proximity switch 14 and the third proximity switch 16 are fixedly attached to the dust box 3, but the second proximity switch 15 and the fourth proximity switch 17 are attached to the slider 5 side. The push cylinder 9 moves with the expansion and contraction operation. These proximity switch signals are input to the controller 19 as shown in the block diagram of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a hydraulic circuit diagram relating to the push cylinder 9 and the press cylinder 12.
The hydraulic circuit includes a tank 21, a hydraulic pump 22, a back pressure valve 23, a push cylinder solenoid valve 24, a press cylinder solenoid valve 25, relief valves 26 and 27, a pressure reducing valve 28, check valves 29 to 32, a filter 33, 34 and the pressure sensor 41 are connected as shown in the figure. When the pushing plate 8 is stopped at the original position (FIG. 2A), the cylinders 9 and 12 are in the extended state, and the electromagnetic valves 24 and 25 are in the neutral position. When the solenoid 25s of the press cylinder solenoid valve 25 is energized, “reverse” is performed, “secondary compression” is performed when the solenoid 25e is energized, and “primary compression” is performed when the solenoid 24s of the push cylinder solenoid valve 24 is energized. "When the solenoid 24e is excited, each operation of" push "is performed. The electromagnetic valves 24 and 25 are excited by the action of the controller 19 as shown in FIG.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the system configuration of the garbage truck 1. In FIG. 5, a generator 37 is connected to the engine 36 of the garbage truck 1. The output voltage of the generator 37 is supplied to a battery 38 via a rectifier (not shown), and the voltage is supplied to an inverter 39 (including a gate control circuit). In addition, the battery 36 is charged by generating the generator 37 by driving the engine 36. An electric motor (AC motor) 35 for driving the hydraulic pump 22 is connected to the inverter 39. The electric motor 35 includes a rotation speed sensor 42, and its output is input to the controller 19. A signal from the pressure sensor 41 is also input to the controller 19. The controller 19 and the inverter 39 constitute a motor control device that controls the rotational speed of the electric motor 35 while using the output of the pressure sensor 41 and the output of the rotational speed sensor 42 as feedback signals. Further, the electromagnetic valves 24 and 25 are operated under the control of the controller 19 to cause the loading device 50 to perform a predetermined loading operation.
The controller 19 that performs operation control includes a CPU, a memory, an interface circuit, and the like. The electric motor 35 can be driven in a state where the engine 36 is rotated or in a state where the engine 36 is stopped.

3 and 5, the pressure sensor 41 constantly detects the operating pressure of the discharge oil passage from the hydraulic pump 22 and provides the detected output to the controller 19. That is, the pressure sensor 41 and the controller 19 can detect the load on the push cylinder 9 and the press cylinder 12 of the loading device 50, that is, the loading load of dust in the loading device 50.
The rotation speed sensor 42 can detect the rotation speed based on an output pulse from the electric motor 35. The rotation speed sensor 42 and the controller 19 can detect the rotation speed of the hydraulic pump 22 from the rotation speed of the electric motor 35. The integrated value of the discharge flow rate is calculated, and the expansion / contraction amount of each cylinder 9, 12, that is, the operating position of the pushing plate 8 can be detected. Specifically, for example, the movement amount of the push plate 8 can be obtained from the contraction amount of the push cylinder 9 in the primary compression stroke, and the position of the push plate 8 can be known from this movement amount.

The function of the controller 19 that controls the operation of the loading device 50 will be described.
The controller 19 performs a predetermined inching operation on the loading device 50 when the pressure sensor 41 connected to the hydraulic circuit detects a predetermined loading load during the dust loading operation by the loading device 50. Can be performed. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating this inching operation, and the inching operation is performed in the primary compression process. The inching operation is composed of an operation in which the pushing plate 8 pushes the dust and an operation to retreat from the dust, and one reciprocation of the operation in which the pushing plate 8 pushes the dust in one direction and the operation to retreat in the opposite direction is one. Inching operation. Then, the controller 19 can repeatedly perform this inching operation (reciprocating operation) a plurality of times.

  Referring to FIG. 6, in FIG. 6A, the dust A <b> 0 is thrown in, and the push cylinder 9 in the extension operation state starts to contract, whereby the pushing plate 8 starts to descend and compresses the dust A <b> 0. In this initial compression operation, as shown in FIG. 6B, a large resistance force (reaction force) is generated in the push cylinder 9 without being compressed until the dust A1 becomes sufficiently small, and the resistance force is reduced. When the thrust of the push cylinder 9 is exceeded, the operation of the push plate 8 stops. When the pushing plate 8 and the push cylinder 9 are stopped, the pressure in the hydraulic circuit in FIG. 3 increases, and when the pressure sensor 41 detects a predetermined pressure (18 MPa) set in advance, the controller 19 turns the electric motor 35 on. The operation of the pressing plate 8 is stopped, and the operation position (stop position) of the pressing plate 8 is detected by the rotation speed sensor 42 and the controller 19. That is, from the start of the primary compression stroke, it is detected that the push cylinder 9 has contracted by the distance D0 and the pressing plate 8 has moved and stopped by the distance D0.

  The detection by the pressure sensor 41 causes the loading device 50 to perform an inching operation in the primary compression step by the function of the controller 19. Further, when the predetermined pressure is detected by the pressure sensor 41, the controller 19 sets the required number N of inching operations based on the operation position (distance D0) of the pushing plate 8. That is, the relationship between the operation position (distance D) of the push-in plate 8 shown in FIG. 7 and the required number N of inching operations is preset and stored in the controller 19, and the controller 19 performs the inching operation based on this relationship. The required number N is automatically set. For example, when the pressing plate 8 stops at a position of distance D0 = 180 mm from the start of the primary compression stroke, the inching operation required number of times Na is 0, and therefore the inching operation required number N is set to 8. That is, the inching operation is set to be repeated eight times.

  In the first inching operation, as shown in FIG. 6C, the push cylinder 9 is extended by a predetermined distance U1 to first retract the pushing plate 8 from the dust A1. Thereafter, the push cylinder 9 is shortened to lower the pressing plate 8 again to further push in the dust A1. By this pushing operation, the dust A1 is further compressed to become dust A2 (state of FIG. 6D). Then, when a large resistance (reaction force) is generated in the push cylinder 9 without being compressed until the dust A2 becomes sufficiently small, the operation of the pushing plate 8 is stopped again. At this time, when the pressure in the hydraulic circuit of FIG. 3 increases and the pressure sensor 41 detects a predetermined pressure (18 MPa) set in advance, the operation of the pressing plate 8 is performed by the rotation speed sensor 42 and the controller 19. The position (stop position) is detected. For example, it is detected that the push cylinder 9 has contracted by the distance D1 from the start of the primary compression stroke, and the pressing plate 8 has moved and stopped by the distance D1.

And if the said detection by the pressure sensor 41 is performed, the controller 19 will change the inching operation required frequency | count N once set based on the said operation position (distance D1) of the pushing board 8. FIG. That is, the required number N of inching operations once set based on the relationship of FIG. 7 preset and stored in the controller 19 is changed. For example, when the pressing plate 8 stops at the position of the distance D1 = 380 mm from the start of the primary compression stroke, the inching operation completed number Na is 1, so the inching operation necessary number N is changed from the initially set 8 times to 5 times. Be changed. The controller 19 is automatically set to repeat the inching operation five times. That is, the controller 19 initially sets the required number N of inching operations eight times, and should perform one inching operation to be the remaining seven times, but this operation has been changed to be reduced to five times. This is because the dust A2 in FIG. 6 (d) is compressed until it becomes smaller by one inching operation, so that the required number N of inching operations that are necessary to be sufficiently compressed can be reduced. It is.
Then, when the second inching operation is performed in the same manner as in the first case, and the pushing plate 8 stops again before the dust A2 is sufficiently compressed, the controller 19 performs a certain number of times ( In this case, the necessary number N of inching operations can be further changed based on the operation position of the push-in plate 8 when the inching operation of Na = 2) is completed and the number of inching operations completed Na (= 2). . Thereafter, a similar operation is performed by the controller 19. When the required number of inching operations N becomes 0, the controller 19 shifts to the secondary compression stroke which is the next step.
In addition, even when the inching operation is performed once, when the operation position D1 of the pushing plate 8 remains, for example, 180 mm (or when the dust A1 is slightly compressed but the operation position D1 is still less than 200 mm), As shown in FIG. 7, from the initially set required number of inching operations N = 8, the inching operation is performed once (Na = 1), and the remaining seven times.

The function of the controller 19 will be further described. When the rotational speed sensor 42 detects that the primary compression is started and the dust is sufficiently compressed by the first compression and the pushing plate 8 reaches a predetermined operating position, the controller 19 The secondary compression stroke is started without performing the inching operation. This will be explained with reference to FIG. 7. When the pressing plate 8 reaches the position of the distance D = 1000 mm by the first compression operation from the start of the primary compression stroke, the controller 19 sets the necessary number N of inching operations to 0 and performs the inching operation. Start the secondary compression stroke without any
The detection of whether or not the pressing plate 8 has reached a predetermined operating position and the dust is sufficiently compressed is based on the operation in which the pressing plate 8 reaches the vicinity of the end point of the primary compression stroke (the stroke end of the push cylinder 9). This can be done depending on whether or not it is a position. This detection can be performed by the rotation speed sensor 42.
Further, the controller 19 detects that the rotation speed sensor 42 detects that the dust is sufficiently compressed during the inching operation, that is, the number of times less than the required number N of the inching operations, and the pushing plate 8 has reached the predetermined operation position. Then, the remaining inching operation can be forcibly terminated, and the second compression, which is the next operation, can be performed.
As described above, the controller 19 has a function as an operation control means for operating the loading device 50 and a function as an operation number control means for determining the number of inching operations.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 6B to 6C, when the pushing plate 8 is retracted from the dust bin A during the inching operation, the pressing cylinder 12 is extended by a small dimension to push the pushing plate. It is preferable to rotate 8 by a small dimension. Thereby, it is possible to change the position of the pressing portion to the dust A by the pushing plate 8 that has been pushed in before and the pressing portion to the dust A by the pushing plate 8 that is to be pushed next. Thereby, since the position of the power point for crushing the dust A changes, the dust A may be effectively compressed. That is, while the pushing plate 8 performs the inching operation, the pushing plate 8 can change the posture with respect to the dust A at each inching operation, and the locus of the tip 8a of the pushing plate 8 is indicated by the arrow α in FIG. It becomes like this.

  According to the above embodiment, in the operation in which the pushing plate 8 of the loading device 50 compresses the dust and pushes it into the dust container 2, the loaded device is hard when it is hard to be compressed. 50 has a large loading load. As a result, when the pressure sensor 41 detects a predetermined loading load set in advance, the controller 19 causes the loading device 50 to start the inching operation, and the rotation speed sensor 42 causes the pushing plate 8 at the start of the inching operation. Detect the operating position. Further, the controller 19 sets the required number N of inching operations based on the operation position (inching start position) of the pushing plate 8. Therefore, when the dust is compressed until the dust is reduced to some extent by the initial compression operation by the pushing plate 8, the required number N of inching operations can be set to a number smaller than the maximum settable number. Further, when the dust remains large, the required number N of inching operations can be set large. Thereby, useless inching operation can be eliminated, time can be shortened, and work efficiency can be improved. Furthermore, when the volume of the thrown dust is small from the beginning, the required number N of inching operations can be set smaller than when the volume is large from the beginning, and work efficiency can be solidified.

  In addition, each time an inching operation is completed, the operation position of the push-in plate 8 is detected, and the number of inching operations necessary number N once set by the controller 19 is reviewed in consideration of the number of inching operations. Can do. According to this, the required number N of inching operations can be further reduced according to the amount of dust compression by the inching operation, and the working efficiency can be further enhanced. For example, if the charged dust is hard and an inching operation is required in the compression stroke, but the inching operation can be sufficiently compressed if the inching operation is performed several times less than the initial setting required number N, the first inching set The required number of operations N can be reduced, and work efficiency can be improved.

Furthermore, as another embodiment of the present invention, the inching operation performed by the controller 19 on the loading device 50 is not limited to the primary compression stroke, but may be configured to be performed in the secondary compression stroke. . That is, in the primary compression process, as shown in FIG. 6, the push cylinder 9 is alternately expanded and contracted, but in the secondary compression stroke, the press cylinder 12 is contracted and pushed. The operation of retracting the plate 8 from the dust is performed, the press cylinder 12 is extended, and the operation of pushing the pushing plate 8 into the dust is performed, and this is repeated a predetermined number of times.
Furthermore, as another embodiment, the inching operation performed by the controller 19 on the loading device 50 may be performed in both the primary compression stroke and the secondary compression stroke.

Furthermore, in each said embodiment, although the load detection means was demonstrated as the pressure sensor 41, it is not restricted to this, As an electric current sensor (ammeter), the output current value of the inverter connected to the electric motor 35 of FIG. The loading load in the loading device 50 may be detected by measuring the output current value in the electric motor 35 in FIG.
Furthermore, although the position detecting means has been described as the rotation speed sensor 42 for the electric motor 35, the present invention is not limited to this, and a flow sensor (flow meter) for measuring the discharge flow rate of the hydraulic pump 22 in the hydraulic circuit shown in FIG. Can do. In this case, the operating position of the push-in plate 8 can be detected from the amount of expansion / contraction of the cylinders 9 and 12 by calculating the integrated value of the flow rate of the hydraulic oil.
Further, when the load detecting means and the position detecting means as described above are provided in the hydraulic circuit, they are attached in the vicinity of the hydraulic pump 22 in order to measure the pressure and flow rate in the hydraulic pump 22, but in addition to this, each cylinder 9 , 12 may be provided in the vicinity of the cylinders 9 and 12 in order to measure the pressure and flow rate in the cylinders.

It is a sectional side view which shows the rear part of the press-type garbage collection vehicle by one Example of this invention. It is operation | movement explanatory drawing of the pushing board which is the principal part of a loading apparatus, a push cylinder, and a press cylinder. It is a hydraulic circuit diagram regarding a loading apparatus. It is a block diagram which shows a part of system configuration | structure of a refuse collection vehicle. It is a block diagram about the system configuration of a garbage collection vehicle. It is operation | movement explanatory drawing explaining an inching operation | movement. It is a relationship diagram of the operation position of the pushing board which the controller memorize | stored, the number of times of inching, and the required number of inching operations. It is operation | movement explanatory drawing explaining an inching operation | movement.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Dust collection truck 2 Dust storage box 3 Dust input box 8 Pushing plate 19 Controller 41 Pressure sensor (load detection means)
42 Rotational speed sensor (position detection means)
50 Loading device

Claims (3)

A dust bin,
A dust input box connected to the dust container;
A loading device that has a pushing plate and performs an operation of loading dust put into the dust throwing box using the pushing plate into the dust containing box;
Load detecting means for detecting a loading load in the loading device;
Position detecting means for detecting the operating position of the pushing plate;
An operation control means for causing the loading device to perform an inching operation including an operation for the pushing plate to push the dust and an operation for retracting from the dust when the load detecting means detects a predetermined loading load; ,
An operation frequency control means for setting the required number of inching operations based on the operation position of the pushing plate by the position detection means when the load detection means detects the predetermined loading load;
A garbage collection vehicle characterized by comprising:   The number-of-operations control means sets the required number of times of inching operation once set based on the operation position of the pushing plate by the position detection means when the inching operation is completed a certain number of times and the number of times the inching operation has been completed. The garbage truck according to claim 1 to be changed.   A control means for causing the loading device to perform an operation of the next step without causing an inching operation when the position detection means detects that the pushing plate has reached a predetermined operation position. The garbage truck according to 1 or 2.

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