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JP4519218B2 - Method and apparatus for treating landfill leachate containing dioxins - Google Patents
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JP4519218B2 - Method and apparatus for treating landfill leachate containing dioxins - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for treating landfill leachate containing dioxins Download PDF

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JP4519218B2
JP4519218B2 JP17136599A JP17136599A JP4519218B2 JP 4519218 B2 JP4519218 B2 JP 4519218B2 JP 17136599 A JP17136599 A JP 17136599A JP 17136599 A JP17136599 A JP 17136599A JP 4519218 B2 JP4519218 B2 JP 4519218B2
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water
oxidation treatment
dioxins
separation
membrane
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JP2000354894A (en
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創太 中川
甬生 葛
俊博 田中
昇 勝倉
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荏原エンジニアリングサービス株式会社
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は内分泌撹乱物質または発ガン性物質を含有する汚水の処理に関するものである。特にダイオキシン類を含有するゴミ埋立て地浸出水を処理する方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
内分泌撹乱化学物質は動物の体内に取り込まれた場合に、本来その生体内で営まれている正常なホルモン作用に影響を与える化学物質をいい、それらの曝露は人や野生動物の内分泌作用を撹乱し、生殖機能障害、悪性腫瘍などを引き起こす可能性があると指摘されている。これら内分泌撹乱物質は極めて低濃度で作用し、特に胎児期など発生段階で深刻な影響を与え、成長後にその影響が発現するなどの可能性が指摘されていることから、生物存続に関わる重大な影響をもたらす可能性も懸念されている。これまでに魚類、は虫類、鳥類などの野生生物において、生殖機能異常、生殖行動異常、雄の雌性化、ふ化能力の低下などと内分泌撹乱物質との関連が指摘されている。さらに人においても精子数の減少、前立腺癌の増加、および子宮内膜症の増加の傾向性と内分泌撹乱物質との関連も指摘されている。動物実験の結果では、いくつかの化学物質によって精巣停留や精子数の減少などの生殖機能障害や子宮内膜症などが引き起こされることが確認されている。発ガン性物質は細胞の癌化を促進することが知られている。
【0003】
これまでの調査により内分泌撹乱物質および発ガン性物質として疑われているものとしては、PCB類、ダイオキシン類、ポリ臭化ビフェニル、ヘキサクロロベンゼン、ペンタクロロフェノール、2,4,5−トリクロロフェノキシ酢酸、2,4−ジクロロフェノキシ酢酸、アミトロール、アトラジン、シマジン、ヘキサクロロシクロヘキサン、エチルパラチオン、カルバリル、クロルデン類、1,2−ジブロモ−3−クロロプロパン、DDTおよびその代謝物(DDE、DDD)、ケルセン、アルドリン、エンドリン、ディルドリン、エンドサルファン、ヘプタクロルおよびヘプタクロルエポキシド、マラチオン、メソミル、メトキシクロル、マイレックス、ニトロフェン、トキサフェン、カンフェクロル、有機スズ(トリブチルスズなど)、トリフルラリン、アルキルフェノール類、ビスフェノールA、フタル酸ジ(2−エチルヘキシル)、フタル酸ブチルベンジル、フタル酸ジブチル、フタル酸ジシクロヘキシル、フタル酸ジエチル、ベンゾ(a)ピレン、カドミウム、鉛、水銀、2,4−ジクロロフェノール、アジピン酸(2−エチルヘキシル)、ベンゾフェノン、4−ニトロトルエン、ジオキサン等が挙げられている。
【0004】
これらは、それぞれ、難燃剤、殺菌剤、殺虫剤、防汚材、腐食防止剤、熱媒体、防腐剤、除草剤、樹脂の硬化剤、樹脂原料、プラスチック可塑剤、溶媒などとして、または燃焼過程で生成され、物質によって異なるが概ねμg/リットル〜pg/リットルオーダーの濃度で環境水中で検出されている。このような濃度レベルはCOD、TOC等から推測される水中有機物濃度のmg/リットルオーダーに比べて非常に低いものであるが、これらの内分泌撹乱化学物質が、非常に微量な量で上記のような作用を引き起こすことが知られていることから、環境水中あるいは環境に放出される以前の水に含まれる微量の内分泌撹乱化学物質を除去する技術の開発が望まれている。特に埋立地浸出水は、様々な種類の内分泌撹乱物質および発ガン性物質が含まれており、濃度も高い(ダイオキシン類が100〜5000pg/リットル、ビスフェノールAが100〜10000ng/リットル、1,4−ジオキサンが1000〜100000ng/リットル)ことから埋立地浸出水中の内分泌撹乱物質および発ガン性物質の処理は急務である。
【0005】
生物難分解性有機物を処理する従来技術としては、紫外線、オゾン、過酸化水素、二酸化チタンなどを組み合わせた光化学的反応あるいは化学反応によって、ヒドロキシラジカルのような活性酸素を発生させる方法が知られている。
しかし、内分泌撹乱物質または発ガン性物質を含有する汚水にはカルシウムイオン、ナトリウムイオン、鉄イオン、塩素イオン、アンモニウムイオン、硝酸イオン、亜硝酸イオン、リン酸イオン、重金属等の無機塩類が多量に含まれている場合が有り、無機塩類の多くがヒドロキシラジカルと反応することから、内分泌撹乱物質または発ガン性物質の分解効率が低いという欠点があった。よってこの方法で確実な処理を行う場合に必要な紫外線照射量、紫外線ランプ本数及び酸化剤投入量が膨大なものとなってしまうという欠点があった。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従って、本発明の目的は、上記の問題点を解決し、ダイオキシン、ビスフェノールA、ジオキサン、フタル酸ジ(2−エチルヘキシル)などの水中に存在する、内分泌撹乱物質または発ガン性物質を含有する汚水を物理化学的に処理する技術において、高額な処理コストを伴わず、効率良く分解除去を行うことが可能である処理方法及び処理装置を提供することである。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、従来の技術において確実な処理を行う場合に必要な紫外線照射量、紫外線ランプ本数及び酸化剤投入量が膨大なものとなった原因として、(1)ダイオキシン類を含有するゴミ埋立て地浸出水中で生成するヒドロキシラジカル等の活性酸素の寿命がnsec〜μsecのオーダーであり非常に短く、ヒドロキシラジカル等の活性酸素と有機物との反応効率は汚水中の有機物濃度に依存すること、(2)ダイオキシン類を含有するゴミ埋立て地浸出水にはヒドロキシラジカル等の活性酸素と容易に反応する無機塩類の濃度が導電率で1000〜100000μS/cmと極めて高いことに着目し、本発明に到達した。
即ち、本発明は、下記の手段により前記の目的を達成することができる。
【0008】
(1)ダイオキシン類を含有するゴミ埋立て地浸出水を物理化学的に処理する方法であって該浸出水を分離工程に導入し、NaCl排除率が60%以下の逆浸透膜を用いて該浸出水をダイオキシン類を含む有機物濃縮水と無機塩類を含む膜透過水とに分離し、次いで有機物濃縮水にオゾンと過酸化水素を供給した後に紫外線を照射し、発生した活性酸素により酸化分解処理を行う酸化処理工程に導入して、ダイオキシン類を分解し、該酸化処理工程からの流出水と、該分離工程からの膜透過液を排出することを特徴とするダイオキシン類を含有するゴミ埋立て地浸出水の処理方法。
(2)前記酸化処理工程からの流出水の一部を前記分離工程に導入することを特徴とする前記(1)に記載のダイオキシン類を含有するゴミ埋立て地浸出水の処理方法。
(3)前記酸化処理工程からの流出水を脱酸化剤工程に導入することを特徴とする前記(1)に記載のダイオキシン類を含有するゴミ埋立て地浸出水の処理方法。
【0010】
(4)ダイオキシン類を含有するゴミ埋立て地浸出水を物理化学的に処理する装置であって、NaCl排除率が60%以下の逆浸透膜を用いて該浸出水をダイオキシン類を含む有機物濃縮水と無機塩類を含む膜透過水とに分離する分離手段と、該分離手段からの有機物濃縮水にオゾンと過酸化水素を供給した後に紫外線を照射し、発生した活性酸素により酸化分解処理する酸化処理手段と、該酸化処理手段からの流出水を流出させる手段と前記分離手段からの膜透過液を流出させる手段とを有することを特徴とするダイオキシン類を含有するゴミ埋立て地浸出水の処理装置。
【0012】
本発明では以上の工程を行う手段により、以下に示す作用により内分泌撹乱物質または発ガン性物質の分解が効率よく行われる。
まず、分離工程では原水中の有機物が分離濃縮された有機物濃縮水が得られる。次に酸化処理工程では有機物濃縮水に対してオゾンガス、紫外線、過酸化水素、均一触媒、及び不均一触媒のうちいずれか2つ以上の組合せの反応によって生じたヒドロキシラジカル等の活性酸素による内分泌撹乱物質または発ガン性物質の酸化分解反応が行われる。ここで、酸化処理工程で行われる反応には、ヒドロキシラジカルが極めて重要な役割を果たしているが、分離工程で原水中の有機物が濃縮されているために、ヒドロキシラジカル等の活性酸素と有機物との反応が促進され、生成したヒドロキシラジカル等の活性酸素による有機物の酸化分解効率が向上する。更に、分離工程でNaCl排除率が60%以下の逆浸透膜を使用した場合では、無機塩類の濃縮倍率が有機物の濃縮倍率に比べて有意に低くなり、ヒドロキシラジカル等の活性酸素と無機物の反応が抑制される。
以上のような効果により、本発明による内分泌撹乱物質または発ガン性物質を含有する汚水の処理方法および処理装置を用いることにより汚水中の内分泌撹乱物質または発ガン性物質が低コストかつ高度に処理され、安全な処理水を得ることができる。
【0013】
まず、分離工程での処理方法の実施形態について以下に示す。
有機物の濃縮手段としては、セルロース系、芳香族ポリアミド系の有機物などを膜材料とした逆浸透膜(以下、RO膜ともいう)、またはルーズRO膜、NF膜等の塩排除率が低い逆浸透膜を用いる方法、蒸発濃縮法、晶析法、などが挙げられる。特にルーズRO膜、NF膜等の逆浸透膜のうち、NaCl排除率が60%以下と低いものを利用した場合は、無機物と有機物が共に溶解した原水から有機物を選択的に分離濃縮した有機物濃縮水を得ることが容易となる。膜モジュールの大きさ、膜モジュール数、膜モジュールの接続方法は、処理する水量、塩類濃度、有機物濃度、濃縮倍率、膜面流速に応じて種々選定することができる。
【0014】
次に、酸化処理工程での処理方法の実施形態について以下に示す。
紫外線を供給する光源としては、低圧水銀ランプ、中圧水銀ランプ、高圧水銀ランプ、エキシマレーザー等、170〜380nmの範囲の比較的低波長の紫外線を照射可能なもの、或いは自然光、蛍光灯等を挙げることができるがこれに限るものではない。紫外線の強度、処理コストを考慮した場合、低圧水銀ランプ、中圧水銀ランプ、高圧水銀ランプ等の水銀ランプが望ましい。
紫外線ランプの破損防止のために保護管を使用する場合、材質は170〜380nmの紫外線透過率が高い石英、又は合成石英が望ましい。
【0015】
紫外線の設置方法としては、水またはオゾンガスの流れに対して紫外線ランプのなかで方向を垂直または水平として並べる方法があるが、水及びオゾンガスと紫外線との接触効率を考慮した場合、水及びオゾンガスの流れに対して垂直方向に並べる方法が接触効率のむらが少なくなり好適である。
オゾンガスの注入方法としては、ディフューザー方式、イジェクター方式、Uチューブ方式、オゾンガスを0.5〜10kg/cm2 の加圧状態で溶解させる方式、水中撹拌式散気装置等を挙げることができるがこれに限るものではない。まだ、反応槽内に注入した酸素含有気体に対して電気的なエネルギーを加えてオゾンガスを発生させる方法も可能である。
【0016】
過酸化水素の注入方法としては、酸化処理工程流入水の流入配管に注入する方法、酸化処理工程の反応槽に直接注入する方法、オゾンガスを注入するイジェクターの水の流入配管或いはイジェクターの内部に注入する方法、水中撹拌式散気装置の内部に注入する方法等を挙げることができる。また、これらの場合は複数の箇所から過酸化水素を注入することも可能である。
【0017】
触媒としては、酸化剤から活性種の発生を促進させる触媒例えば、二酸化マンガン、活性炭、貴金属含有固体、金属含有固体、金属イオン等、紫外線を照射することによって活性種が発生する触媒例えば二酸化チタン含有固体等、均一系、不均一系触媒を問わず効果的なものを使用することができる。
【0018】
酸化処理工程の反応槽内の撹拌方法としては、オゾン気泡、或いは撹拌翼による撹拌の他、反応槽の上下端または左右端または前後端を配管で結びポンプで循環させる方法も可能である。特に反応槽に紫外線ランプを複数設置し、ランプ同士の間隔が広くなる場合には、処理の安定のために強い撹拌を行うことが有効である。
酸化処理工程それぞれの反応槽が複数の反応槽より構成されていても良い。この場合は複数の反応槽を直列に連結する構成が水の流れがプラグフローとなり、処理がより確実に行われる。また、酸化処理工程それぞれの反応槽が異なる活性種発生方法であっても良い。特に、前段の反応槽がオゾンまたはオゾンと過酸化水素を組み合わせた活性種発生方法であり、後段が紫外線とオゾン、または紫外線とオゾンと過酸化水素を組み合わせた活性種発生方法である場合では、前段の反応槽においてオゾン又は活性種の作用により被処理水の紫外線透過率を向上させることができ、後段の反応槽における紫外線の照射効率を向上させることができる。
【0019】
本発明による処理水の少なくとも一部を分離工程に循環することによって処理水質を一層向上させることも可能である。この場合は分離工程で有機物の濃縮が行われるため、酸化処理工程流入水の有機物濃度の極端な低下が避けられ、酸化処理工程の処理効率の低下は殆どない。
本発明による処理水を脱酸化剤工程に導入し、後段の処理の安定性、処理水の安全性を高めることも可能である。また、酸化処理工程流出水を生物処理、凝集沈殿処理、活性炭処理などの工程に導入することも可能である。
脱酸化剤工程において酸化処理工程流出水中のオゾン、活性酸素を分解することで、分離工程で膜を使用した場合における膜の劣化を抑えることも可能である。脱酸化剤工程は、曝気処理、触媒処理、活性炭処理、紫外線処理或いはこれらの組合せを挙げることができる。触媒には二酸化マンガン、貴金属含有固体、金属含有固体、金属イオン等、二酸化チタン含有固体等を使用することができる。
本発明による処理方法の原水は、汚水より生物学的に分解可能な有機物を生物学的に除去する前或いは除去した後の水、汚水より物理化学的に分離可能な有機物を物理化学的に除去する前或いは除去した後の水、汚水より物理化学的、生物学的に分離可能な有機物を物理化学的、生物学的に除去する前或いは除去した後の水を用いることができる。
【0020】
生物学的に除去する方法としては、活性汚泥処理、接触酸化処理、生物膜ろ過処理、嫌気処理等が挙げられ、物理化学的に除去する方法としては、沈殿分離処理、浮上分離処理、膜分離処理、ろ過処理、凝集沈殿処理、活性炭処理、電気透析等が挙げられる。
汚水より生物学的、また物理化学的に分離可能な有機物が除去された水を原水とする場合には、これらの有機物によるヒドロキシラジカルと内分泌撹乱物質または発ガン性物質の反応の阻害が少なくなり、生成したヒドロキシラジカルが内分泌撹乱物質または発ガン性物質の分解に有効に利用される。
汚水より生物学的、また物理化学的に分離可能な有機物が除去される前の水を原水とする場合には、本発明による処理水を生物学的または物理化学的に分離する方法の原水として用いてもこれらの処理で生じる汚泥中に有害な内分泌撹乱物質または発ガン性物質が含まれることがなく、汚泥も安全なものとなる。また、本発明による処理では、有機物の生物分解性、凝集分離性が良くなるので、生物処理、凝集沈殿処理の処理性能が向上する。
【0021】
本発明における処理条件は、処理対象原水の性状、例えば内分泌撹乱物質または発ガン性物質濃度、COD濃度等によって種々選定することができる。例えば、原水のCOD Mn が約30[mg/リットル]、総内分泌撹乱物質または発ガン性物質量が100〜10000[pg/リットル]の場合を以下に記載する。
酸化処理工程におけるオゾン注入率は通常10〜300[mg/リットル]、好ましくは20〜200[mg/リットル]、過酸化水素注入率は1〜90、好ましくは2〜60[mg/リットル]、オゾン注入率と過酸化水素注入率の比は3:1〜10:1の範囲から選定される。紫外線を併用する場合の紫外線照射量は中圧水銀ランプを用いる場合は通常0.1〜5.0[Whr/リットル]、好ましくは0.1〜3.0[Whr/リットル]の範囲から選定される。紫外線が透過する水層厚は通常1〜5[cm]、好ましくは2〜4[cm]の範囲から選定される。
【0022】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の処理装置の具体的構成の一例を図1に基づいて説明する。
図1は、内分泌撹乱物質または発ガン性物質を含有する汚水(原水1)をNaCl排除率が60%以下のRO膜12により処理する分離工程3に導入し、ついで分離工程3の膜濃縮水8をオゾン含有気体5、過酸化水素6及び紫外線7により処理する酸化処理工程4からなり、分離工程3の膜透過水9及び酸化処理工程流出水11を処理水2とするものである。
分離工程3は、3本のRO膜12モジュールをクリスマスツリー状に接続する構成としている。
酸化処理工程4は、活性酸素を生成させるためオゾンガス5及び過酸化水素6がそれぞれ槽内及び酸化処理工程流入水8に供給され、活性酸素の生成及び有機塩素化合物の脱塩素化反応に必要な紫外線ランプ7が槽内に設置されている。
過酸化水素6の流入管は酸化処理工程流入水8の流入管に接続されているが、この様にすることで原水中の内分泌撹乱物質または発ガン性物質と過酸化水素6を予め混合した状態で酸化処理工程4に導入することができ、酸化処理工程4でオゾンガス5と過酸化水素6が反応して生成したヒドロキシラジカルと内分泌撹乱物質または発ガン性物質の反応効率が向上する。紫外線ランプ7は水及びオゾンガス5の流れに対して紫外線ランプ7のなかで方向が垂直になるように設置されているが、この様にすることで反応槽下部から浮上してきたオゾンガス5及び被処理水が紫外線ランプ5近傍を通過する確率をより高くすることができ、オゾン5の利用効率がより高くなり、廃オゾンガスがより減少する。また有機塩素化合物が紫外線ランプ7近傍を通過する確率をより高くすることができ、脱塩素反応をより確実に行うことができる。
【0023】
次に本発明の処理装置の具体的構成の別の一例を図2に基づいて説明する。
図2は、内分泌撹乱物質または発ガン性物質を含有する汚水をNaCl排除率が60%以下のRO膜12により処理する分離工程3に導入し、ついで分離工程3の膜濃縮水8を紫外線7、オゾン5含有気体、過酸化水素6により処理する酸化処理工程4からなり、酸化処理工程流出水11の一部を分離工程3に導入し、分離工程3の膜透過水9及び酸化処理工程流出水11の一部を処理水2とするものである。酸化処理工程処理水11の一部が分離工程3に導入されることで、酸化処理工程4で残留した有機物を分離工程3で再濃縮し、濃度を高くした状態で再び酸化処理することができる。
【0024】
【実施例】
以下に本発明を実施例によって更に具体的に説明するが、勿論本発明の範囲は、これらによって限定されるものではない。
〔実施例1〕
総ダイオキシン類量が3000[pg/リットル]のゴミ埋立て地浸出水を原水とし、下記条件で図1に示すフローに従って処理した。
【0025】
(分離工程)
・濃縮倍率:10倍
・RO膜のNaCl排除率:60[%]
【0026】
(酸化処理工程)
・オゾン注入率:160[mg/リットル](原水基準の注入率)
・過酸化水素注入率:20[mg/リットル](原水基準の注入率)
・紫外線照射量:3.0[Whr/リットル]
・紫外線ランプ:中圧水銀ランプ
・滞留時間:30[min]
・原水流量:5.0[リットル/min]
以上のような条件で処理した結果を表1に示す。
【0027】
【表1】

Figure 0004519218
【0028】
〔比較例1〕
(分離工程処理を行わない場合)
実施例1と同じ酸化処理条件で操作を行った。但し、原水の分離工程処理を行わず濃縮をしなかった。下記条件(実施例1と同じ酸化処理工程)で図3に示すフローに従って処理した。
【0029】
(酸化処理工程)
・オゾン注入率:160[mg/リットル]
・過酸化水素注入率:20[mg/リットル]
・紫外線照射量:3.0[Whr/リットル]
・紫外線ランプ:中圧水銀ランプ
・滞留時間:30[min]
・原水流量:5.0[リットル/min]
以上のような条件で処理した結果を表2に示す。
【0030】
【表2】
Figure 0004519218
【0031】
表1と表2の比較より明らかなように、比較例1の処理水の総ダイオキシン類量は300[pg/リットル]であり、本発明の処理水の場合の30[pg/リットル]に比較して高い値を示した。これは、有機物濃度が低いことによるヒドロキシラジカルの有機物への反応効率の低下及び、有機物濃度に対する塩類濃度の割合が実施例1の場合に比べて高く、ヒドロキシラジカルが無機塩類との反応に無効に消費されているためと考えられる。
【0032】
比較例2〕
実施例1と同じフロー及び処理条件で操作を行った。但し、NaCl排除率が97%の逆浸透膜(RO膜)を使用した。処理結果を表3に示す。
【0033】
【表3】
Figure 0004519218
【0034】
表3より明らかなように、本比較例2においても処理水の総ダイオキシン類量は280[pg/リットル]であり、比較例1の300[pg/リットル]に比べて低い結果であった。これより、NaCl排除率が97%のRO膜を使用した場合においても、本発明の汚水の処理方法は効果があることが認められた。
但し、本比較例2の処理水総ダイオキシン類量は実施例1に比べて高かった。原因は、RO膜のNaCl排除率が高いことにより、酸化処理工程流入水の塩類濃度が上昇し、酸化処理工程で発生したヒドロキシラジカルの一部が塩類との反応で無効消費された為と考えられる。以上の結果より、NaCl排除率が60%のRO膜を使用した場合の処理性能は、NaCl排除率が97%のRO膜を使用した場合の処理性能に比べて高いことが認められた。
【0035】
〔実施例
実施例1と同様のフロー及び処理条件で操作を行った。但し、分離工程での濃縮倍率及び酸化処理工程での滞留時間を変え、酸化処理工程処理水の一部を分離工程に返送した。下記条件で図2に示すフローに従って処理した。
【0036】
(分離工程)
・濃縮倍率:7倍
・RO膜のNaCl排除率:60[%]
【0037】
(酸化処理工程)
・オゾン注入率:160[mg/リットル](原水基準の注入率)
・過酸化水素注入率:20[mg/リットル](原水基準の注入率)
・紫外線照射量:3.0[Whr/リットル]
・紫外線ランプ:中圧水銀ランプ
・滞留時間:20[min]
・原水流量:5.0[リットル/min]
・酸化処理工程処理水の分離工程への返送率:33[%](酸化処理工程流入水基準)
以上のような条件で処理した結果を表4に示す。
【0038】
【表4】
Figure 0004519218
【0039】
表4より明らかなように、本実施例で得られた処理水の総ダイオキシン類量は25[pg/リットル]であり、比較例より総ダイオキシン類量が低い処理水が得られた。これより、酸化処理工程処理水の一部を分離工程に返送した場合においても、本発明の汚水の処理方法は効果があることが確認された。また、本実施例の処理水は実施例1に比べて総ダイオキシン類量が低く、処理性能が高かった。これは、酸化処理工程処理水の一部が分離工程に導入されることで、酸化処理工程で残留した有機物が分離工程で再濃縮された状態で酸化処理工程に再導入されることにより、酸化処理工程で残留した有機物とヒドロキシラジカルなどの活性酸素の反応性が向上したためである。
【0040】
【発明の効果】
本発明によるダイオキシン類を含有するゴミ埋立て地浸出水の処理方法及び処理装置を用いることにより、該浸出水中のダイオキシン類が低コストかつ高度に処理される。
つまり、分離工程では該浸出水中の有機物が分離濃縮され有機物濃度が高くなった有機物濃縮水が得られる。次に酸化処理工程では有機物濃縮水に対してヒドロキシラジカル等の活性酸素によるダイオキシン類の酸化分解反応が行われるが、分離工程で該浸出水中の有機物が濃縮されているために、ヒドロキシラジカル等の活性酸素と有機物との反応が促進され、生成したヒドロキシラジカル等の活性酸素による有機物の酸化分解効率が向上する効果が生まれる。更に、分離工程でNaCl排除率が60%以下の逆浸透膜を使用した場合では、無機塩類の濃縮倍率が有機物との濃縮倍率に比べて有意に低くなり、ヒドロキシラジカル等の活性酸素と無機物の反応が抑制される。また、酸化処理工程流出水の一部を分離工程に導入し、分離工程の膜透過水及び酸化処理工程流出水の一部を処理水とすることで、酸化処理工程で残留した有機物を分離工程で再濃縮し、濃度を高くした状態で再び酸化処理することができる。これにより、酸化処理工程流出水及び処理水の水質を更に向上させることが可能となる。
以上のような効果により、本発明によるダイオキシン類を含有するゴミ埋立て地浸出水の処理方法及び処理装置を用いることにより、該浸出水中のダイオキシン類が低コストかつ高度に処理され、安全な処理水を得ることができ、世の中に貢献すること極めて大である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の内分泌撹乱物質または発ガン性物質を含有する汚水の処理方法及び処理装置の実施形態を示すフロー図
【図2】本発明の内分泌撹乱物質または発ガン性物質を含有する汚水の処理方法及び処理装置の別の実施形態を示すフロー図
【図3】汚水の処理方法及び処理装置の比較例の実施形態を示すフロー図
【符号の説明】
1 原水
2 処理水
3 分離工程
4 酸化処理工程
5 オゾンガス
6 過酸化水素
7 紫外線ランプ
8 膜濃縮水
9 膜透過水
10 循環水
11 酸化処理工程流出水
12 逆浸透膜[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to processing of wastewater containing endocrine disruptors or carcinogenic substances. In particular , the present invention relates to a method for treating leachate from landfills containing dioxins .
[0002]
[Prior art]
Endocrine disrupting chemicals are chemicals that, when taken into the body of an animal, affect the normal hormonal actions that are normally carried out in the body, and their exposure disrupts the endocrine action of humans and wild animals. However, it has been pointed out that it may cause reproductive dysfunction and malignant tumors. These endocrine disrupting substances act at extremely low concentrations, and have been pointed out that they may have serious effects at the developmental stage, especially in the fetal period, and the effects may be manifested after growth. There is also concern about the potential for impact. So far, in wildlife such as fish, reptiles, and birds, abnormalities in reproductive function, reproductive behavior, male feminization, decreased hatching ability, and the like have been pointed out and related to endocrine disruptors. Furthermore, it has been pointed out that in humans, the tendency of decreased sperm count, increased prostate cancer, and increased endometriosis is associated with endocrine disruptors. The results of animal experiments have confirmed that some chemical substances cause reproductive dysfunction such as testicular retention and decreased sperm count, and endometriosis. It is known that carcinogens promote cell carcinogenesis.
[0003]
Suspected as endocrine disrupting substances and carcinogenic substances according to the investigations so far, PCBs, dioxins, polybrominated biphenyls, hexachlorobenzene, pentachlorophenol, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, amitrol, atrazine, simazine, hexachlorocyclohexane, ethyl parathion, carbaryl, chlordens, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, DDT and its metabolites (DDE, DDD), quercene, aldrin, Endrin, dieldrin, endosulfan, heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide, malathion, mesomil, methoxychlor, mirex, nitrophene, toxaphene, camfechlor, organotin (tributyltin, etc.) , Trifluralin, alkylphenols, bisphenol A, di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, butylbenzyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, benzo (a) pyrene, cadmium, lead, mercury, 2,4 -Dichlorophenol, adipic acid (2-ethylhexyl), benzophenone, 4-nitrotoluene, dioxane and the like are mentioned.
[0004]
These are flame retardants, bactericides, insecticides, antifouling materials, corrosion inhibitors, heat media, preservatives, herbicides, resin curing agents, resin raw materials, plastic plasticizers, solvents, etc., respectively, or in the combustion process Although it varies depending on the substance, it is detected in environmental water at a concentration of the order of μg / liter to pg / liter. Such concentration levels are very low compared to the organic substance concentration in the mg / liter order of water estimated from COD, TOC, etc., but these endocrine disrupting chemicals are in very small amounts as described above. Therefore, it is desired to develop a technique for removing a small amount of endocrine disrupting chemical contained in environmental water or water before being released into the environment. In particular, landfill leachate contains various types of endocrine disrupting substances and carcinogenic substances and has high concentrations (100 to 5000 pg / liter for dioxins, 100 to 10,000 ng / liter for bisphenol A, 1,4 -Since dioxane is 1000 to 100,000 ng / liter), it is urgent to treat endocrine disrupting substances and carcinogenic substances in landfill leachate.
[0005]
As a conventional technique for treating biologically indegradable organic substances, there is known a method of generating active oxygen such as hydroxy radicals by a photochemical reaction or chemical reaction combining ultraviolet rays, ozone, hydrogen peroxide, titanium dioxide, and the like. Yes.
However, sewage containing endocrine disrupting substances or carcinogenic substances contains a large amount of inorganic salts such as calcium ions, sodium ions, iron ions, chlorine ions, ammonium ions, nitrate ions, nitrite ions, phosphate ions, and heavy metals. In some cases, inorganic salts react with hydroxy radicals, so that the degradation efficiency of endocrine disrupting substances or carcinogenic substances is low. Therefore, there is a drawback that the amount of ultraviolet irradiation, the number of ultraviolet lamps and the amount of oxidant input necessary for reliable processing by this method become enormous.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, and to treat sewage containing endocrine disrupting substances or carcinogenic substances existing in water such as dioxin, bisphenol A, dioxane, di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. In the technology for physicochemical treatment, it is possible to provide a processing method and a processing apparatus capable of efficiently decomposing and removing without expensive processing costs.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a cause of the enormous increase in the amount of ultraviolet irradiation, the number of ultraviolet lamps, and the amount of oxidant input required for performing reliable processing in the prior art, the present inventors (1) waste containing dioxins landfill active oxygen life of the hydroxyl radical generated in locations leachate in Te is of the order of nsec~μsec very short, reaction efficiency between the active oxygen and organic matter such as hydroxy radical is dependent on the concentration of organic material in the wastewater (2) Focusing on the waste landfill leachate containing dioxins, the concentration of inorganic salts that easily react with active oxygen such as hydroxy radicals is extremely high at 1000 to 100,000 μS / cm in electrical conductivity, The present invention has been reached.
That is, the present invention can achieve the above object by the following means.
[0008]
(1) The waste landfill leachate containing dioxins a physicochemical treatment method of, introducing a該浸water outlet to the separation step, NaCl rejection ratio with 60% or less of the reverse osmosis membrane the該浸Izumi separated into membrane permeated water containing organic matter concentrated water and inorganic salts including dioxins, then oxidized by active oxygen irradiating ultraviolet radiation, generated after supplying the ozone and hydrogen peroxide to organics concentrated water Dust containing dioxins, which is introduced into an oxidation treatment step for performing decomposition treatment, decomposes dioxins, and discharges outflow water from the oxidation treatment step and membrane permeate from the separation step Landfill leachate treatment method.
(2) The method for treating waste landfill leachate containing dioxins according to (1), wherein a part of the effluent from the oxidation treatment step is introduced into the separation step.
(3) The method for treating waste landfill leachate containing dioxins according to (1), wherein effluent from the oxidation treatment step is introduced into a deoxidizer step.
[0010]
(4) A device for physicochemical treatment of landfill leachate containing dioxins, using a reverse osmosis membrane with a NaCl rejection rate of 60% or less to concentrate the leachate with organic matter containing dioxins Separation means that separates water and permeated water containing inorganic salts , and oxidation that decomposes and oxidatively decomposes the generated active oxygen by irradiating ultraviolet rays after supplying ozone and hydrogen peroxide to the organic concentrated water from the separation means Disposal of waste landfill leachate containing dioxins, characterized in that it comprises a treatment means, a means for causing the effluent from the oxidation treatment means to flow out, and a means for causing the membrane permeate from the separation means to flow out. apparatus.
[0012]
In the present invention, the endocrine disrupting substance or carcinogenic substance is efficiently decomposed by the means described below by the means described above.
First, in the separation process, organic substance concentrated water obtained by separating and concentrating organic substances in raw water is obtained. Next, in the oxidation process, endocrine disruption due to active oxygen such as hydroxy radicals produced by the reaction of any two or more of ozone gas, ultraviolet light, hydrogen peroxide, homogeneous catalyst, and heterogeneous catalyst with organic substance concentrated water Oxidative decomposition reaction of substances or carcinogenic substances is performed. Here, hydroxy radicals play an extremely important role in the reaction performed in the oxidation treatment process. However, since organic substances in raw water are concentrated in the separation process, active oxygen such as hydroxy radicals and organic substances The reaction is accelerated, and the oxidative decomposition efficiency of the organic substance by the active oxygen such as the generated hydroxy radical is improved. Furthermore, when a reverse osmosis membrane having a NaCl rejection rate of 60% or less is used in the separation step, the concentration rate of inorganic salts is significantly lower than the concentration rate of organic matter, and the reaction between active oxygen such as hydroxy radicals and inorganic matter Is suppressed.
Due to the effects as described above, the endocrine disrupting substance or carcinogenic substance in the sewage can be treated at low cost and highly by using the method and apparatus for treating sewage containing the endocrine disrupting substance or carcinogenic substance according to the present invention. And safe treated water can be obtained.
[0013]
First, an embodiment of a processing method in the separation step will be described below.
As a means for concentrating organic substances, reverse osmosis membranes such as reverse osmosis membranes (hereinafter also referred to as RO membranes) made of cellulose-based or aromatic polyamide-based organic materials, or loose RO membranes, NF membranes, etc., have low salt exclusion rates. Examples include a method using a film, an evaporation concentration method, a crystallization method, and the like. Especially when reverse osmosis membranes such as loose RO membranes and NF membranes with a low NaCl rejection rate of 60% or less are used, organic matter concentration is achieved by selectively separating and concentrating organic matter from raw water in which both inorganic and organic matter are dissolved. It becomes easy to obtain water. The size of the membrane module, the number of membrane modules, and the connection method of the membrane modules can be variously selected according to the amount of water to be treated, the salt concentration, the organic matter concentration, the concentration rate, and the membrane surface flow rate.
[0014]
Next, an embodiment of a treatment method in the oxidation treatment step is shown below.
As a light source for supplying ultraviolet rays, a low-pressure mercury lamp, medium-pressure mercury lamp, high-pressure mercury lamp, excimer laser, etc., which can irradiate ultraviolet rays having a relatively low wavelength in the range of 170 to 380 nm, or natural light, fluorescent lamp, etc. It can be mentioned, but not limited to this. In consideration of the intensity of ultraviolet rays and processing costs, mercury lamps such as low-pressure mercury lamps, medium-pressure mercury lamps, and high-pressure mercury lamps are desirable.
When a protective tube is used to prevent damage to the ultraviolet lamp, the material is preferably quartz having a high ultraviolet transmittance of 170 to 380 nm or synthetic quartz.
[0015]
As a method of installing ultraviolet light, there is a method in which the direction is arranged vertically or horizontally in the ultraviolet lamp with respect to the flow of water or ozone gas. However, considering the contact efficiency between water and ozone gas and ultraviolet light, A method of arranging them in a direction perpendicular to the flow is preferable because unevenness in contact efficiency is reduced.
Examples of the ozone gas injection method include a diffuser method, an ejector method, a U tube method, a method in which ozone gas is dissolved in a pressurized state of 0.5 to 10 kg / cm 2 , and an underwater agitating air diffuser. It is not limited to. It is still possible to generate ozone gas by applying electrical energy to the oxygen-containing gas injected into the reaction vessel.
[0016]
As a method of injecting hydrogen peroxide, a method of injecting into the inflow pipe of the inflow water of the oxidation treatment process, a method of injecting directly into the reaction tank of the oxidation treatment process, a water inflow pipe of an ejector for injecting ozone gas, or an injection into the inside of the ejector And a method of injecting into an underwater agitating diffuser. In these cases, hydrogen peroxide can be injected from a plurality of locations.
[0017]
As the catalyst, a catalyst that promotes the generation of active species from an oxidant, such as manganese dioxide, activated carbon, a noble metal-containing solid, a metal-containing solid, a metal ion, etc. An effective catalyst can be used regardless of a homogeneous or heterogeneous catalyst such as a solid.
[0018]
As a stirring method in the reaction tank in the oxidation treatment step, in addition to stirring with ozone bubbles or stirring blades, a method in which the upper and lower ends, left and right ends or front and rear ends of the reaction tank are connected by piping and circulated by a pump is also possible. In particular, when a plurality of ultraviolet lamps are installed in the reaction tank and the distance between the lamps becomes wide, it is effective to perform strong stirring for stabilization of the treatment.
Each reaction tank of the oxidation treatment step may be composed of a plurality of reaction tanks. In this case, the configuration in which a plurality of reaction vessels are connected in series makes the flow of water a plug flow, and the processing is performed more reliably. Moreover, the active species generation | occurrence | production method from which the reaction tank of each oxidation treatment process differs may be sufficient. In particular, when the former reaction tank is an active species generating method combining ozone or ozone and hydrogen peroxide, and the latter is an active species generating method combining ultraviolet light and ozone, or ultraviolet light, ozone and hydrogen peroxide, The ultraviolet ray transmittance of the water to be treated can be improved by the action of ozone or active species in the former reaction tank, and the irradiation efficiency of the ultraviolet light in the latter reaction tank can be improved.
[0019]
It is also possible to further improve the quality of the treated water by circulating at least a part of the treated water according to the present invention to the separation step. In this case, since organic substances are concentrated in the separation process, an extreme decrease in the organic substance concentration of the inflow water in the oxidation treatment process is avoided, and there is almost no reduction in the treatment efficiency of the oxidation treatment process.
The treated water according to the present invention can be introduced into the deoxidizer step to improve the stability of the subsequent treatment and the safety of the treated water. Moreover, it is also possible to introduce the oxidation treatment process effluent water into processes such as biological treatment, coagulation sedimentation treatment, and activated carbon treatment.
By decomposing ozone and active oxygen in the effluent of the oxidation treatment process in the deoxidizer process, it is also possible to suppress the deterioration of the film when the film is used in the separation process. Examples of the deoxidizer step include aeration treatment, catalyst treatment, activated carbon treatment, ultraviolet treatment, or a combination thereof. As the catalyst, manganese dioxide, noble metal-containing solid, metal-containing solid, metal ion, titanium dioxide-containing solid, or the like can be used.
The raw water of the treatment method according to the present invention is physicochemically removed before or after the biologically degradable organic matter is biologically removed from the sewage, and physicochemically separable organic matter from the sewage. Water before or after removal, or water after physicochemical or biological removal of organic substances that can be separated physicochemically or biologically from sewage can be used.
[0020]
Biological removal methods include activated sludge treatment, catalytic oxidation treatment, biomembrane filtration treatment, anaerobic treatment, etc., and physicochemical removal methods include precipitation separation treatment, flotation separation treatment, membrane separation. Treatment, filtration treatment, coagulation sedimentation treatment, activated carbon treatment, electrodialysis and the like can be mentioned.
When the raw water is water from which organic substances that can be separated biologically and physicochemically from sewage are used, the inhibition of the reaction between hydroxy radicals and endocrine disrupting substances or carcinogenic substances by these organic substances is reduced. The produced hydroxy radical is effectively used for decomposing endocrine disrupting substances or carcinogenic substances.
In the case where the raw water is the water before the biologically and physicochemically separable organic substances are removed from the sewage, it is used as the raw water of the method for biologically or physicochemically separating treated water according to the present invention. Even if it is used, the sludge produced by these treatments does not contain harmful endocrine disrupting substances or carcinogenic substances, and the sludge is also safe. Further, in the treatment according to the present invention, the biodegradability and the coagulation / separation property of the organic matter are improved, so that the treatment performance of the biological treatment and the coagulation / precipitation treatment is improved.
[0021]
The treatment conditions in the present invention can be variously selected depending on the properties of the raw water to be treated, for example, the concentration of endocrine disrupting substances or carcinogens, the COD concentration, and the like. For example, the case where COD Mn of raw water is about 30 [mg / liter] and the total endocrine disrupting substance or carcinogenic substance amount is 100 to 10,000 [pg / liter] is described below.
Ozone injection rate in the oxidation treatment step is usually 10 to 300 [mg / l], preferably 20 to 200 [mg / l], hydrogen peroxide injection rate 1 to 90, preferably 2 to 60 [mg / l], The ratio of the ozone injection rate and the hydrogen peroxide injection rate is selected from the range of 3: 1 to 10: 1. In the case of using ultraviolet rays, the amount of ultraviolet irradiation is usually selected from the range of 0.1 to 5.0 [Whr / liter], preferably 0.1 to 3.0 [Whr / liter] when using a medium pressure mercury lamp. Is done. The thickness of the water layer through which ultraviolet rays are transmitted is usually selected from the range of 1 to 5 [cm], preferably 2 to 4 [cm].
[0022]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
An example of a specific configuration of the processing apparatus of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 1 shows that sewage (raw water 1) containing an endocrine disrupting substance or a carcinogenic substance is introduced into a separation step 3 where the RO membrane 12 having a NaCl rejection rate of 60% or less is treated, and then the membrane concentrated water in the separation step 3 8 consists of an oxidation treatment process 4 in which 8 is treated with an ozone-containing gas 5, hydrogen peroxide 6 and ultraviolet rays 7, and the membrane permeated water 9 and the oxidation treatment process effluent 11 in the separation process 3 are treated water 2.
The separation step 3 is configured to connect three RO membrane 12 modules in a Christmas tree shape.
In the oxidation process 4, ozone gas 5 and hydrogen peroxide 6 are supplied to the tank and the inflow water 8 in the oxidation process in order to generate active oxygen, which are necessary for the generation of active oxygen and the dechlorination reaction of the organic chlorine compound. An ultraviolet lamp 7 is installed in the tank.
The inflow pipe for hydrogen peroxide 6 is connected to the inflow pipe for inflow water 8 in the oxidation treatment process. By doing so, the endocrine disrupting substance or carcinogenic substance in the raw water and hydrogen peroxide 6 are mixed in advance. It can be introduced into the oxidation treatment step 4 in a state, and the reaction efficiency of the hydroxy radicals generated by the reaction of the ozone gas 5 and the hydrogen peroxide 6 in the oxidation treatment step 4 with the endocrine disrupting substance or carcinogenic substance is improved. The ultraviolet lamp 7 is installed so that the direction of the ultraviolet lamp 7 is perpendicular to the flow of the water and the ozone gas 5. By doing so, the ozone gas 5 floating from the lower part of the reaction tank and the object to be treated are arranged. The probability that water passes through the vicinity of the ultraviolet lamp 5 can be increased, the utilization efficiency of the ozone 5 becomes higher, and the waste ozone gas is further reduced. Further, the probability that the organic chlorine compound passes through the vicinity of the ultraviolet lamp 7 can be increased, and the dechlorination reaction can be performed more reliably.
[0023]
Next, another example of the specific configuration of the processing apparatus of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 2 shows a case where sewage containing an endocrine disrupting substance or a carcinogenic substance is introduced into the separation process 3 where the NaCl exclusion rate is 60% or less, and the membrane concentrated water 8 of the separation process 3 is converted into ultraviolet rays 7. , A gas containing ozone 5, and an oxidation treatment process 4 treated with hydrogen peroxide 6. Part of the oxidation treatment process effluent 11 is introduced into the separation process 3, and the membrane permeated water 9 and the oxidation treatment process effluent in the separation process 3 are introduced. A part of the water 11 is treated water 2. By introducing a part of the oxidation treatment process treated water 11 into the separation process 3, the organic matter remaining in the oxidation treatment process 4 can be re-concentrated in the separation process 3 and oxidized again in a state of increasing the concentration. .
[0024]
【Example】
The present invention will be described more specifically with reference to the following examples. However, the scope of the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[Example 1]
Waste landfill leachate with a total dioxin content of 3000 [pg / liter] was used as raw water and treated according to the flow shown in FIG. 1 under the following conditions.
[0025]
(Separation process)
・ Concentration ratio: 10 times ・ NaCl removal rate of RO membrane: 60 [%]
[0026]
(Oxidation process)
・ Ozone injection rate: 160 [mg / liter] (Raw water standard injection rate)
・ Hydrogen peroxide injection rate: 20 [mg / liter] (infusion rate based on raw water)
-UV irradiation amount: 3.0 [Whr / liter]
・ UV lamp: Medium pressure mercury lamp ・ Residence time: 30 [min]
・ Raw water flow rate: 5.0 [liter / min]
Table 1 shows the results of processing under the above conditions.
[0027]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004519218
[0028]
[Comparative Example 1]
(When separation process is not performed)
The operation was performed under the same oxidation treatment conditions as in Example 1. However, the raw water separation process was not performed and the concentration was not performed. It processed according to the flow shown in FIG. 3 on the following conditions (the same oxidation treatment process as Example 1).
[0029]
(Oxidation process)
・ Ozone injection rate: 160 [mg / liter]
・ Hydrogen peroxide injection rate: 20 [mg / liter]
-UV irradiation amount: 3.0 [Whr / liter]
・ UV lamp: Medium pressure mercury lamp ・ Residence time: 30 [min]
・ Raw water flow rate: 5.0 [liter / min]
Table 2 shows the results of processing under the above conditions.
[0030]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004519218
[0031]
As is clear from the comparison between Table 1 and Table 2, the total amount of dioxins in the treated water of Comparative Example 1 is 300 [pg / liter], compared with 30 [pg / liter] in the case of the treated water of the present invention. Showed a high value. This is because the reaction efficiency of hydroxy radicals to organic substances decreases due to the low organic substance concentration, and the ratio of the salt concentration to the organic substance concentration is higher than in Example 1, and the hydroxy radicals are ineffective for the reaction with inorganic salts. It is thought that it is consumed.
[0032]
[ Comparative Example 2]
The operation was performed with the same flow and processing conditions as in Example 1. However, a reverse osmosis membrane (RO membrane) having a NaCl rejection rate of 97% was used. Table 3 shows the processing results.
[0033]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004519218
[0034]
As is apparent from Table 3, the total amount of dioxins in the treated water was 280 [pg / liter] in Comparative Example 2 as well, which was lower than 300 [pg / liter] in Comparative Example 1. From this, it was confirmed that the wastewater treatment method of the present invention is effective even when an RO membrane having a NaCl rejection rate of 97% is used.
However, the total amount of treated dioxins in Comparative Example 2 was higher than that in Example 1. The cause is considered to be that the salt concentration of the inflow water in the oxidation treatment process increased due to the high NaCl rejection rate of the RO membrane, and some of the hydroxyl radicals generated in the oxidation treatment process were ineffectively consumed by the reaction with the salts. It is done. From the above results, it was confirmed that the processing performance when the RO membrane having a NaCl rejection rate of 60% was used was higher than the processing performance when the RO membrane having a NaCl rejection rate of 97% was used.
[0035]
[Example 2 ]
The operation was performed with the same flow and processing conditions as in Example 1. However, the concentration rate in the separation process and the residence time in the oxidation process were changed, and a part of the oxidation process process water was returned to the separation process. It processed according to the flow shown in FIG. 2 on the following conditions.
[0036]
(Separation process)
・ Concentration ratio: 7 times ・ NaCl removal rate of RO membrane: 60 [%]
[0037]
(Oxidation process)
・ Ozone injection rate: 160 [mg / liter] (Raw water standard injection rate)
・ Hydrogen peroxide injection rate: 20 [mg / liter] (infusion rate based on raw water)
-UV irradiation amount: 3.0 [Whr / liter]
・ UV lamp: Medium pressure mercury lamp ・ Residence time: 20 [min]
・ Raw water flow rate: 5.0 [liter / min]
・ Return rate of oxidation process process water to separation process: 33 [%] (Oxidation process inflow water standard)
Table 4 shows the results of processing under the above conditions.
[0038]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004519218
[0039]
As is clear from Table 4, the total amount of dioxins in the treated water obtained in Example 2 was 25 [pg / liter], and treated water having a lower amount of dioxins than in the comparative example was obtained. From this, it was confirmed that the method for treating sewage of the present invention is effective even when part of the oxidation treatment process treated water is returned to the separation process. The treated water of this example had a lower total dioxin content and higher treatment performance than that of Example 1. This is because part of the water treated in the oxidation treatment process is introduced into the separation process, and the organic matter remaining in the oxidation treatment process is reintroduced into the oxidation treatment process in a state reconcentrated in the separation process. This is because the reactivity between the organic matter remaining in the treatment process and active oxygen such as hydroxy radicals is improved.
[0040]
【The invention's effect】
By using the method and apparatus for treating waste landfill leachate containing dioxin according to the present invention, dioxins in 該浸flooding is processed low-cost and highly.
That is, in the separation step, the organic matter in the leachate is separated and concentrated to obtain an organic matter concentrated water having a high organic matter concentration. Next, in the oxidation treatment process, oxidative decomposition reaction of dioxins with active oxygen such as hydroxy radicals is performed on the organic substance concentrated water. However, since organic substances in the leachate are concentrated in the separation process, hydroxy radicals, etc. The reaction between the active oxygen and the organic substance is promoted, and the effect of improving the oxidative decomposition efficiency of the organic substance by the active oxygen such as the generated hydroxy radical is produced. Furthermore, when a reverse osmosis membrane having a NaCl rejection rate of 60% or less is used in the separation step, the concentration rate of inorganic salts is significantly lower than the concentration rate with organic substances, and active oxygen such as hydroxy radicals and inorganic substances The reaction is suppressed. In addition, a part of the oxidation treatment process effluent is introduced into the separation process, and a part of the membrane permeation water and the part of the oxidation treatment process effluent in the separation process are treated water, thereby separating the organic matter remaining in the oxidation treatment process. Then, it can be re-concentrated and oxidized again at a higher concentration. Thereby, it becomes possible to further improve the quality of the oxidation treatment process effluent and treated water.
By the above effects, the use of the method and apparatus for treating waste landfill leachate containing dioxin according to the present invention, dioxins in 該浸flooding is processed low-cost and highly, safe It is extremely important to be able to obtain treated water and contribute to the world.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing an embodiment of a method and apparatus for treating wastewater containing an endocrine disrupting substance or carcinogenic substance of the present invention. FIG. 2 contains an endocrine disrupting substance or carcinogenic substance of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing another embodiment of the wastewater treatment method and treatment apparatus. FIG. 3 is a flow chart showing a comparative example of the wastewater treatment method and treatment apparatus.
1 Raw Water 2 Treated Water 3 Separation Process 4 Oxidation Process 5 Ozone Gas 6 Hydrogen Peroxide 7 Ultraviolet Lamp 8 Membrane Concentrated Water 9 Membrane Permeated Water 10 Circulating Water 11 Oxidation Process Outflow Water 12 Reverse Osmosis Membrane

Claims (4)

ダイオキシン類を含有するゴミ埋立て地浸出水を物理化学的に処理する方法であって該浸出水を分離工程に導入し、NaCl排除率が60%以下の逆浸透膜を用いて該浸出水をダイオキシン類を含む有機物濃縮水と無機塩類を含む膜透過水とに分離し、次いで有機物濃縮水にオゾンと過酸化水素を供給した後に紫外線を照射し、発生した活性酸素により酸化分解処理を行う酸化処理工程に導入して、ダイオキシン類を分解し、該酸化処理工程からの流出水と、該分離工程からの膜透過液を排出することを特徴とするダイオキシン類を含有するゴミ埋立て地浸出水の処理方法。 A method of physically chemically treating the waste landfill leachate containing dioxins, introducing該浸water outlet to the separation step, NaCl rejection ratio with 60% or less of the reverse osmosis membrane 該浸Izumi was separated into membrane permeated water containing organic matter concentrated water and inorganic salts containing dioxins and then irradiated with ultraviolet rays after supplying ozone and hydrogen peroxide to organics concentrated water, the oxidative decomposition treatment by the generated active oxygen A landfill containing dioxins, which is introduced into an oxidation treatment step to be performed , decomposes dioxins, and discharges outflow water from the oxidation treatment step and membrane permeate from the separation step Treatment method of leachate . 前記酸化処理工程からの流出水の一部を前記分離工程に導入することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のダイオキシン類を含有するゴミ埋立て地浸出水の処理方法。The method for treating waste landfill leachate containing dioxins according to claim 1, wherein a part of the effluent from the oxidation treatment step is introduced into the separation step. 前記酸化処理工程からの流出水を脱酸化剤工程に導入することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のダイオキシン類を含有するゴミ埋立て地浸出水の処理方法。The method for treating waste landfill leachate containing dioxins according to claim 1, wherein effluent from the oxidation treatment step is introduced into a deoxidizer step. ダイオキシン類を含有するゴミ埋立て地浸出水を物理化学的に処理する装置であって、NaCl排除率が60%以下の逆浸透膜を用いて該浸出水をダイオキシン類を含む有機物濃縮水と無機塩類を含む膜透過水とに分離する分離手段と、該分離手段からの有機物濃縮水にオゾンと過酸化水素を供給した後に紫外線を照射し、発生した活性酸素により酸化分解処理する酸化処理手段と、該酸化処理手段からの流出水を流出させる手段と前記分離手段からの膜透過液を流出させる手段とを有することを特徴とするダイオキシン類を含有するゴミ埋立て地浸出水の処理装置。An apparatus for physicochemically treating waste landfill leachate containing dioxins, using a reverse osmosis membrane with a NaCl rejection rate of 60% or less, and separating the leachate into organic concentrated water containing dioxins and inorganic Separation means for separating into membrane permeate containing salt , and oxidation treatment means for oxidatively decomposing with active oxygen generated by irradiating ultraviolet rays after supplying ozone and hydrogen peroxide to the organic concentrated water from the separation means An apparatus for treating waste landfill leachate containing dioxins, characterized by comprising means for draining the effluent from the oxidation treatment means and means for draining the membrane permeate from the separation means .
JP17136599A 1999-06-17 1999-06-17 Method and apparatus for treating landfill leachate containing dioxins Expired - Fee Related JP4519218B2 (en)

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