JP4521559B2 - Control method of perforated pests using a cover sheet with a light collecting port - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for controlling perforated pests using a cover sheet with a light collecting port. More specifically, the present invention relates to a simple and effective method for controlling piercing pests that uses the habits of piercing pests to be controlled and has little influence on other organisms including human animals.

  The pine weevil damage caused by the pine infectious disease that has spread throughout the country except Aomori and Hokkaido is now caused by a nematode called “pine wood nematode” that is less than 1 mm long in the pine tree. It is caused by entering, but it is perforated pests such as the Japanese pine beetle that carry the nematode from pine to pine. In general, in order to prevent the spread of the damage, a method for controlling a perforated pest as a carrier has been adopted.

  Conventionally, as a method for controlling pine worms targeting piercing pests, first, chemical pesticides are prevented by spraying with a helicopter or a sprayer from the ground so that adult piercing pests do not approach healthy pine. There is a way to prevent spread. However, this preventive spraying may cause the drug to reach surrounding rivers and villages, and it cannot be expected to have a fundamental effect on extermination of perforated pests. Therefore, in recent years, the amount of chemical pesticides used has decreased, and comprehensive pest management combining physical control and biological control has come to be performed. In particular, as a biological control method, an attempt to infect and destroy natural enemy fungi such as Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae is also proposed for the control of perforated pests. Became.

  In addition, as a method for controlling perforated pests, there is a method in which damaged pine wood is felled, and the perforated pests are still larvae and are removed during the winter when they are in the pine wood. As this extermination method, a method of incinerating pine as it is has been adopted, but in recent years, this method has not been performed due to the problem of dioxin generation by incineration. As a general extermination method, chemical spraying is performed on felled pine wood. However, there are cases where the effect varies depending on the spraying group of the medicine, and if it is sprayed carefully, the load on the environment becomes excessive.

  As another method of extermination, many methods have been adopted in which trees that have died due to the damage of pine weevil are felled, accumulated, wrapped in a plastic sheet, and fumigated with a fumigant. However, if there is any gap in the vinyl sheet, the fumigant will leak and affect the effect. Since fumigant leaks from the sand in the sandy area along the coast, it is necessary to wrap the bottom of the accumulated material with a clean sheet, and the vinyl sheet coating in the fumigant treatment requires perfection and requires a lot of labor. there were. In addition, since the vinyl sheet once attached with the drug is not reused, use of a sheet that biodegrades after processing has been considered.

  On the other hand, as a method for controlling perforated pests, (Beauveria brongnatii), Beauveria bassiana, Beauveria amrpha, Metalidium anisolie (Metaldium anisolie) There is disclosed a method for cultivating a carrier that has been used and then placing the carrier on a path or the like in the habitat of adult beetle adults that have emerged and emerged (see Patent Documents 1 and 2). This method is based on the habit that adults of long-horned beetles mate on a mulberry tree, and the female adults descend to the mulberry strain for spawning, such as a foam matrix in which natural enemy fungi are cultured. It is a method aimed at increasing the effectiveness and extending the effective period by installing a pest control tool at the mulberry tree stock, and further infecting efficiently with a small amount of installation.

  However, according to this method, it is effective only when the pest is in direct contact with the pest control device or approaching the pest control device. Being outside the bacterial infection area was often not an effective means. Therefore, a method of covering the whole or part of the tree with a sheet so that the adult enemy filamentous fungus comes into contact with the adults that emerge from the emergence, and placing the natural enemy filamentous fungus culture inside the sheet (see Patent Document 3) ) Is disclosed. However, the sheet used here is intended to enhance the effect of natural enemy fungi, and to increase the contact probability with the fungus so that the effect lasts longer, and to protect the fungus from wind and rain. Therefore, the effect of the sheet itself on adult control was not intended. Therefore, although most of the adult beetles that escaped from the sheet died within 2 weeks, a few percent of adults that escaped contact with the filamentous fungus could continue to be damaged.

  In view of the above circumstances, it has been desired to create a method for controlling perforated pests easily and reliably.

JP-A-63-190807 JP-A 63-258803 JP 2000-239115 A

  An object of the present invention is to provide a simple and reliable method for controlling a piercing pest that is effective against piercing pests and does not cause harm to other organisms such as human livestock. Furthermore, an object of the present invention is to provide a simple and reliable method for preventing the expansion of tree withering without causing harm to other organisms such as human animals.

That is, the gist of the present invention is as follows.
[1]
A tree inhabiting piercing pests that mediate pinewood nematodes is covered with a cover sheet with a light-collecting opening having a light-collecting opening and a light-shielding sheet formed of a light-transmitting material. A method for controlling perforated pests, characterized in that a culture of natural enemy filamentous fungi is placed under or around the mouth.
[2]
A tree inhabiting perforated pests that mediate pinewood nematode is covered with a cover sheet with a light-collecting opening having a light-collecting opening formed by a mesh sheet and a light-shielding sheet, and under the light-collecting opening of the sheet Alternatively, a method for controlling perforated pests, characterized in that a culture of natural enemy filamentous fungi is provided in the vicinity thereof.
[3]
Trees inhabiting perforated pests that mediate pinewood nematodes,
A cover sheet with a light collecting port having a light collecting port and a light shielding sheet part,
The cover sheet is characterized in that the light collecting aperture member is detachable from the light shielding sheet portion.
A control method for piercing pests, characterized in that a culture of natural enemy filamentous fungi is placed under or near the light collecting port of the sheet.
[4]
The natural enemy fungus is a species of the species of the species of Beveria bronniati, Beauveria bassiana, a species of Beauveria amrpha, and a metal from the group of M. The method according to any one of [1] to [3] .

  According to the method for controlling perforated pests of the present invention, instead of targeting adult pinewood beetles that fly after emergence escape from trees, the adults immediately after emergence emergence are brought into contact with the culture of natural enemy filamentous fungi. Therefore, the contact probability is high, and an excellent effect that the adult female can be lethal before laying eggs is achieved. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the generation of the next generation of beetles, enable more effective control, and prevent the expansion of tree depletion.

  The method for controlling perforated pests according to the present invention covers a tree inhabiting perforated pests that mediate pine wood nematode according to the present invention with a cover sheet with a light collecting port having a light collecting port and a light shielding sheet part, and the sheet. One major characteristic is that a culture of natural enemy filamentous fungi is placed under or around the light collecting aperture.

  According to the control method of the present invention, since a natural enemy filamentous fungus culture is used, an excellent control effect can be obtained with respect to piercing pests that mediate pine wood nematodes that cause pine wilt. Demonstrate the effect. In addition, to cover the tree where perforated pests inhabit with a cover sheet with a light collecting opening having a light collecting opening and a light shielding sheet, and to install a natural enemy filamentous fungus culture under or around the light collecting opening, Due to the light-collecting property, the perforating pest is attracted to the vicinity of the light-collecting port, and is effectively brought into contact with the culture of natural enemy filamentous fungi, thereby exhibiting an excellent effect of being able to be infected and killed.

  Perforated pests that mediate pine wood nematode include perforated pests that exhibit the ecology that adults emerge extensively not only to the main trunk of the pine tree but also to the branches, specifically, the pine wood beetle (Monochamus) atnaturus HOPE), Monachamus saltutorial GEBLE, and M. grandis WATERHOUSE.

  An example of a tree that is a target of damage by perforated pests such as the pine beetle is a pine family plant. In addition, examples of the tree include a dead tree and the like, and specifically, a standing damaged tree, a felled damaged tree, and the like. From the viewpoint of sufficiently exerting the control effect, it is preferable to collect the felled damaged trees and treat them by the control method of the present invention.

  The cover sheet with a light collecting port used in the control method of the present invention has a light collecting port and a light shielding sheet part.

  The light collecting port of the cover sheet with the light collecting port is preferably formed of a light-transmitting material, for example, a transparent or translucent sheet, from the viewpoint of efficiently attracting piercing pests due to light collecting properties. . Specific examples of such materials are not particularly limited, and commercially available ones can be used. From the viewpoint of strength, the thickness of the sheet is 0.1 mm or more, preferably 0.2 mm or more. Is preferred.

  The light collecting port of the cover sheet with the light collecting port is also preferably formed of a mesh sheet. The reticulated sheet is not particularly limited as long as it has a reticulated size that does not allow perforating pests to pass through, and commercially available ones can be used, from the viewpoint of extending the effective period of natural enemy fungus culture, A fine mesh material that is not directly exposed to rainwater is preferred. Further, the mesh sheet preferably has a strength that makes it difficult for a piercing pest to bite, and more preferably has a strength that the piercing pest cannot bite.

  The shape, size and number of the light collecting apertures are not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of attracting perforating pests more efficiently due to the light collecting properties, the size is preferably within 100 cm in length and 180 cm in width. Is preferably 1 or 2.

  The position of the light collecting port in the cover sheet with the light collecting port is not particularly limited, but the end in the vertical direction is preferred to the center part from the viewpoint of ease of installation of the natural enemy filamentous fungus culture and production cost. .

  The light-shielding sheet portion of the cover sheet with a light collecting port is formed of a light-shielding material so that perforated pests can be easily guided to the light collecting port. As such a material, any pine-nosed beetle adult that emerges and emerges from a tree may be used as long as it is difficult to get out of the sheet, and a colored polyethylene sheet or a vinyl sheet is preferable. The thickness of the light shielding sheet portion is 0.1 mm or more, preferably 0.2 mm or more. Specific examples of the covering sheet include a commercially available colored polyethylene sheet such as blue 0.26 mm (3 kg per 3.6 m × 5.4 m).

  The size of the sheet may be a size suitable for covering all or part of the tree.

  The cover sheet with the light collecting port can be produced by combining the light shielding sheet portion and the member of the light collecting port. Specifically, for example, it can be produced by cutting out one side of the light-shielding sheet by the size of the light collecting port and attaching a member of the light collecting port thereto.

  In addition, the concentrator member can be easily replaced when it is deteriorated, and after covering the tree with such a sheet, it is easy to install an enemy filamentous fungus culture under or near the concentrator. It is also preferable that it is detachable from such a sheet. In this embodiment, for example, a condensing sheet with a condensing aperture is prepared by fixing the concentrating aperture member to the light-shielding sheet portion by using a surface fastener, hook, pin, fastener, or the like. Can do.

  The natural enemy filamentous fungus used in the control method of the present invention is cultured by, for example, using an appropriate culture substrate and in the presence of an appropriate medium component under conditions suitable for the culture of the natural enemy filamentous fungus. Can be obtained.

  Examples of the natural enemy fungi include Beauveria bronniati, Beauveria bassiana, Beauveria amrpha, and Metarium anisurie. From the standpoint of strength, Beauberia bronniati and Beauberia bassiana are particularly desirable.

In the culture of natural enemy filamentous fungi, the concentration of the natural enemy filamentous fungus is preferably 10 ⁷ CFU / cm ² (culture substrate surface) or more, for example, when a pulp nonwoven fabric is used, and 10 ⁸ CFU / cm ² (culture). It is more preferable that the surface is a surface of the substrate) or more.

  The culture substrate may be any material that can cultivate natural enemy filamentous fungi, and can be exemplified by a culture substrate containing medium components in a substrate such as bran, peat moss, foam matrix, nonwoven fabric, woven fabric, More preferably, a culture substrate in which a medium component is contained in a substrate such as a foam matrix, a nonwoven fabric, or a woven fabric is desirable.

  Examples of the foam matrix include polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam, vinyl chloride foam, polyethylene foam, and polystyrene foam disclosed in JP-A-63-74479 and JP-A-63-190807. Can be mentioned. When such a foam matrix is used as a substrate, it may be used as it is, or a substance obtained by foaming a foam composition capable of producing the foam together with a medium component may be used.

  The material of the woven fabric or nonwoven fabric used as the culture substrate is not particularly limited, and commercially available materials can be used. However, the content of the medium components, water retention / hydrophilicity, adhesion of natural enemy filamentous fungi, carbon source From the viewpoints of use as a natural disintegration and natural disintegration property, a woven fabric and a non-woven fabric made of pulp, rayon, polyester, or the like are particularly preferable.

  The shape of the culture substrate can be easily and surely installed on the tree, and the effectiveness of the control effect can be maintained for a long period of time. From the viewpoint of being able to infect bacteria, a base material formed in a band shape or a sheet shape is desirable.

  Examples of the band-shaped or sheet-shaped culture substrate include porous matrices such as foam matrices disclosed in JP-A-63-74479 and JP-A-63-190807, or nonwoven fabrics and woven fabrics. Examples thereof include materials having a large apparent surface area and materials having a combination thereof.

  The medium component is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include those containing a carbon source and nitrogen source capable of assimilation, inorganic salts, natural organic substances, and the like. Although it does not specifically limit as said carbon source, For example, glucose, saccharose, lactose, maltose, glycerol, starch, cellulose molasses etc. are mentioned. Although it does not specifically limit as said nitrogen source, For example, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate etc. are mentioned. Although it does not specifically limit as said inorganic salt, For example, phosphates, such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium nitrate, magnesium, potassium, calcium etc. are mentioned. The natural organic material is not particularly limited, but for example, animal tissue extracts such as meat extract, fish extract, pupa powder, etc., animal tissue pulverized products, malt extract, corn steep liquor, and dendritic tissue extracts such as soybean oil. And microbial cells such as dry yeast, yeast extract and polypeptone, or extracts thereof.

  As a method for culturing natural enemy filamentous fungi on the culture substrate, a method of inoculating and culturing the microorganism after the culture carrier contains the culture medium component, a culture solution obtained by pre-culturing the natural enemy filamentous fungus, and the culture medium component And a method of incorporating the resulting mixture into a culture carrier.

  From the viewpoint of efficiently infecting the piercing pest attracted to the light collecting port of the cover sheet with the light collecting port by the light collecting property, the natural enemy fungus culture is located under or near the light collecting port. Be placed. Here, “below or near the light collection aperture” means the area on the tree directly below the light collection aperture or the surrounding area, or the lower surface of the light collection aperture member or the lower surface of the light shielding sheet around it. . If a culture of natural enemy filamentous fungi is placed on the tree, the hyphae penetrate into the xylem and show a lethal effect on the larvae, so there is a very high probability that the perforated pest will come into contact with the natural enemy filamentous fungus culture. This is particularly preferable.

  In the control method of the present invention, the entire surface of the tree is covered with the cover sheet with the light collecting opening, but since the bottom surface is covered with the ground, it is not necessary to cover even the sand. It is sufficient to cover the tree with such a sheet, and to make the edge heavy with fallen trees, stones, or earth and sand so that the sheet does not fly. Most of the perforated pests that emerged and emerged from the trees by placing a culture of natural enemy filamentous fungus under or near the light collecting port gathered at the light collecting port and contacted the natural enemy fungus while wandering inside the sheet. Infects and dies. It is preferable that the member of the light collecting port has a strength that the piercing pest cannot bite, but for example, the piercing pest infected with natural enemy fungi escapes from the sheet for reasons such as biting the member of the light collecting port. If it does, it will die within two weeks. The perforated pest is a postprandial period, that is, a preparation period for mating and egg laying, for 2 weeks after emergence, and if it is lethal during that period, generation of the next generation can be disrupted. Moreover, since the release of pine wood nematode from perforating pests is considered to be very small until 2 weeks after emergence, the control method of the present invention is extremely effective.

  In the method for controlling perforated pests according to the present invention, it is preferable that the culture of the natural enemy filamentous fungi is before adult emergence and emerges, for example, until April in western Japan and until early June in eastern Japan. Since the effectiveness of the filamentous fungus culture is maintained due to its low temperature, even if it is installed in November of the previous year, it is sufficiently effective over the entire period of emergence in the following year.

  In the present invention, a tree inhabiting piercing pests that mediate pine wood nematode is covered with a cover sheet with a light collecting opening having a light collecting opening and a light shielding sheet, and under or near the light collecting opening of the sheet. Since a natural enemy filamentous fungus culture can be installed and the piercing pest can be infected and killed by the natural enemy filamentous fungus, it is possible to efficiently prevent the spread of pine wilt by pine wood nematode.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated further in detail based on an Example, this invention is not limited only to this Example.

Production of sheet-like natural fungus agent Using a pulp nonwoven fabric (50 cm x 5 cm x 0.5 cm) as a culture substrate, this is used as a liquid medium (composition: 2 wt% glucose, 4 wt% corn steep liquor, remaining water). It was impregnated and inoculated with Boberia bassiana to obtain a culture (sheet-like natural enemy fungus). The cell concentration in the natural enemy filamentous fungus was 2 × 10 ⁸ CFU / cm ² (culture substrate surface).

Production of a cover sheet with a light collecting aperture A UV sheet (300 cm long, 1800 cm wide, 0.4 mm thick) of Fujimori Kogyo Co., Ltd. was used as the light shielding sheet, and Kuraray Plastics Co., Ltd. ) Made of thread-containing transparent sheet (length 40 cm, width 120 cm, thickness 0.3 mm, model number E-3500), in Test Example 2, NBC Corporation net (length 40 cm, width 120 cm, thickness 0.64 mm, Model number ET6243) was used. One side of the light-shielding sheet was cut out by the size of the light collecting port, and a sheet for the light collecting port was attached thereto to produce a cover sheet with a light collecting port. In addition, in order to make the concentrator member detachable, the concentrator sheet was attached to the light-shielding sheet with a hook-and-loop fastener.

Example 1
The sheet-like natural fungus fungus is placed on the upper surface of one side in the vertical direction of a red pine test material 0.2 m ³ (200 cm long, 80 cm wide, 3 stacks) that has been damaged by the pine beetle inhabiting the pine wood beetle. One was installed. Next, as shown in FIG. 1, the sample material was entirely covered with the covering sheet with the light collecting port such that the light collecting port covered the upper surface of the natural enemy filamentous fungus.

Comparative Example 1
As shown in FIG. 2, two sheets of natural enemy fungi were placed on the upper surface of the central part of the test material similar to Example 1, and a commercially available blue sheet (manufactured by Fujimori Kogyo Co., Ltd., trade name HI Pea sheet, 3000 cm long, 1830 cm wide, 0.26 mm thickness, standard PLP-401040B-2) was entirely covered.

Test example 1
Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were each left in the field for 1 and a half months, and pine sawners that had escaped from the sheet were collected. Individuals collected were reared individually in the laboratory and examined for mortality. The results are shown in Table 1. The mortality within 14 days in the table indicates the ratio (%) of “the number of deaths within 14 days of the pinewood beetle” to the “total number of pinewood beetles that emerged out of the seat”. Further, the number of breaks indicates the number of pine needles biting through the cover sheet, and the break point indicates the position where pine needles bite through the cover sheet.

  From the results shown in Table 1, Example 1 using a cover sheet with a light collecting port can kill more pine beetles than Comparative Example 1 using a blue sheet even if the number of natural enemy fungi is small. I understand that I can do it. In addition, it was confirmed that the pine beetle gathered at the light collecting port in the breakage state and observation of the covering sheet.

  Based on the above results, the control method for piercing pests of the present invention causes the pine wood beetle to come into contact with the natural fungus agent more efficiently than the control method using a covering sheet that is currently used in general. You can see that

Test example 2
The effect of temperature rise by the coated sheet on natural enemy fungi was investigated. Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were left outdoors for one month each in the summer (late July to late August), which is a severe condition for natural enemy fungi. One month later, each natural enemy fungus taken out from the coated sheet was brought into contact with pine wood beetle for 20 seconds, and then individually reared. The mortality and fungal growth rate within 14 days of the breeding individuals were investigated.

  The results are shown in Table 2. The mortality within 14 days in the table indicates the ratio (%) of “the number of deaths within 14 days of pine wood beetle” after contact with natural enemy fungi. The microbial colonization rate indicates the percentage (%) of the microbial colonization at the time of the death of the pinewood beetle.

  From the results shown in Table 2, even in the summer, when the conditions such as the temperature rise are severe, the natural enemy fungi in the cover sheet with the light collecting port have a high mortality rate of pine beetle beetle and microbial growth rate. confirmed. The fungus colonization rate is considered to be underestimated because it has confirmed the crowding at the time of death. It is thought that the condition of the bacteria is well maintained because a material with good ventilation is used for the light collecting port.

  From the above results, it is considered that the cover sheet with a light collecting port of the present invention can maintain the natural fungus agent better than the control method using a cover sheet currently generally used, and can extend the effective period. .

  According to the method for controlling a pine beetle using the cover sheet with a light collecting port according to the present invention, for example, the pine is prevented from wiping out or spreading without substantially affecting the environment or the human body. It becomes possible. In addition, the number of natural enemy filamentous fungus cultures can be reduced compared to the control methods currently in common use, and when using a cover sheet having a light collecting aperture formed of a mesh sheet, the natural enemy Since the effective period of the filamentous fungus culture can be extended and it can be used even in a warm area, more damaged materials can be treated.

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view (left) of the placement of natural enemy fungi on a sample tree and a schematic view of a cover sheet with a condensing opening before coating (right) in the method for controlling pine wood beetle in Example 1 It is. FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view (left) of the placement of natural enemy fungi on the sample tree in the control method of Comparative Example 1, and a schematic view of the blue sheet before coating (right).

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Specimen tree 2 Natural enemy filamentous fungi 3 Cover sheet | seat with a light-collecting port 4 Light-collecting port 5 A blue sheet

Claims (4)

A tree inhabited by piercing pests that mediate pine wood nematode is covered with a cover sheet with a light-collecting opening having a light-collecting opening and a light-shielding sheet portion formed of a light-transmitting material, and the light collecting of the sheet A method for controlling perforated pests, characterized in that a culture of natural enemy filamentous fungi is placed under or around the mouth. A tree inhabiting pierced pests that mediate pinewood nematodes is covered with a cover sheet with a light-collecting opening having a light-collecting opening and a light-shielding sheet formed by a mesh sheet, and under the light-collecting opening of the sheet Alternatively, a method for controlling perforated pests, characterized in that a culture of natural enemy filamentous fungi is provided in the vicinity thereof. Trees inhabiting perforated pests that mediate pinewood nematodes,
A cover sheet with a light collecting port having a light collecting port and a light shielding sheet part,
The cover sheet is characterized in that the light collecting aperture member is detachable from the light shielding sheet portion.
A control method for perforated pests, characterized in that a culture of natural enemy filamentous fungi is placed under or near the light collecting port of the sheet. The natural enemy fungus is a species of the species of the species of Beveria bronniati, Beauveria bassiana, a species of Beauveria amrpha, and a metal from the group of M. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 .

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