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JP4523142B2 - Molten salt bath roller - Google Patents
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JP4523142B2 - Molten salt bath roller - Google Patents

Molten salt bath roller Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4523142B2
JP4523142B2 JP2000332584A JP2000332584A JP4523142B2 JP 4523142 B2 JP4523142 B2 JP 4523142B2 JP 2000332584 A JP2000332584 A JP 2000332584A JP 2000332584 A JP2000332584 A JP 2000332584A JP 4523142 B2 JP4523142 B2 JP 4523142B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
roller
molten salt
sprayed layer
salt bath
porosity
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JP2000332584A
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JP2002129303A (en
Inventor
明彦 冨口
伸公 高崎
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Dai Ichi High Frequency Co Ltd
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Dai Ichi High Frequency Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、鋼板に溶融メッキを施す際に表面を活性化するなどの目的で用いられる溶融塩浴に適した、溶融塩による侵食や通板材との接触による摩耗の少ない溶射被覆ローラーに熱衝撃による被覆の破損や溶融塩の凝固堆積の少ない特性を兼備させる技術に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
溶融塩は、300℃以上、あるいは500℃以上の高温に加熱されており、これに含まれるClなどの陰イオンが金属に対して侵食作用を呈する。溶融塩に接して用いられるローラーにあっては、上記侵食作用の下で鋼板等と転動接触するため、高耐食合金を充てても激しく損耗する。よって、Al23のようなセラミックスを溶射被覆して耐食・耐摩耗性を具備させたローラーが用いられている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上記セラミックス溶射被覆ローラーには、被覆に未だ摩耗しろが残っている段階で被覆が剥離するといった弱点があり、この弱点の払拭が望まれていた。上記剥離は、前記高温での使用に絡んで溶射被覆に加わることのある熱衝撃に起因すると考えられる。そこで、気孔率の大きいZrO2系セラミックスの溶射被覆を適用したところ、上記剥離の問題は改善されたが、溶射被覆の表面に溶融塩の不均一な凝固堆積が起って、ローラー表面の平坦性が損われるという新たな問題が生じた。
【0004】
本発明は上記諸事情に鑑みてなされたものであって、溶融塩に接しながら鋼板などを通板する使用条件下での損耗が少なく、しかも、被覆の剥離や被覆面への溶融塩の凝固堆積の問題が生じないセラミックス溶射被覆ローラーの提供を課題とした。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題の解決手段となった本発明溶融塩浴用ローラーは、表面にセラミックスの溶射被覆を有するローラーであって、該溶射被覆を、ZrO2系のセラミックスによる気孔率の大きい溶射層を下地側に配し、Al23系,Cr23系、又は、TiO2系セラミックスによる気孔率の小さい溶射層を最表部に配した複層構成としたことを特徴とする。ここで、「下地側」とは、Al23系などの最表部溶射層の直下ないしは結合用中間層を介した下地寄りの位置を指している。
【0006】
本発明ローラーにあって前記被覆剥離の問題が改善されたのは、ZrO2系溶射層の大気孔率に由来するクッション作用が、Al23系などの最表部溶射層までを含む全セラミックス溶射層の熱衝撃緩和に奏効したためと推察される。また、溶融塩の不均一な凝固堆積の問題が改善されたのは、小気孔率の最表部では、その表面に不均一な凝固付着の足掛りとなるような大きな気孔開口が出現しにくいためと考えられる。しかして、上記2つの作用が相まって前記本発明課題が解決されたのである。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明ローラーの基本的な実施形態例を図1に示す。同図において1は本発明ローラー,2はローラー本体,4はZrO2系セラミックスによる大気孔率溶射層,5はAl23系セラミックスなどによる小気孔率溶射層である。
【0008】
上記溶射層4を構成するZrO2系セラミックスの材質としては、Y23,CaO,MgOなどを1種又は複数種配合することによりZrO2特有の高温収縮性を抑えた、いわゆる安定化ZrO2あるいは部分安定化ZrO2が推奨される。
【0009】
ZrO2系溶射層4の導入による被覆剥離防止効果は、この層の厚さ50μm以上で実効を顕し、厚さが増すほど効果は増すが200μm程度で飽和する。よって50〜200μmが好適厚さ範囲となる。ZrO2系溶射層の多孔性は従来より知られているが、本発明ローラーに適した気孔率の範囲は10〜15断面積%である。10断面積%を下回るにつれて対応できる熱衝撃の強さ(急冷温度差など)が限られてくる。一方、15断面積%を超えると強度低下傾向が生じる。因に、上記「断面積%」は、検鏡断面において気孔断面が占める面積比率を指している。
【0010】
小気孔率溶射層5には緻密な溶射層を形成しやすいAl23(ホワイトアルミナ),TiO2配合Al23(グレイアルミナ)などのAl23系,Cr23系、又はTiO2系のセラミックスを充てる。溶射層5は、厚いほど摩耗に係る寿命が長くなるので、コストパフォーマンスの点から100μm以上とするのがよい。
一方、被覆靱性の点からは300μm以下に留めることが望ましい。溶射層5の表面への溶融塩の不均一な凝固堆積は、該溶射層5の気孔率を8断面積%以下とすることで概ね回避され、回避効果は気孔率を小さくするほど顕著になるが、4断面積%程度で飽和する。よって、4〜8断面積%の気孔率とすることが望ましい。
【0011】
図2に、本発明ローラーの他の実施形態例を示す。同図において、3はNi系合金による最下地溶射層である。溶射層4のZrO2系セラミックスは、ローラー本体の鋼材などの金属材料と比べて熱膨張係数が1桁近く小であり、温度変化によって、下地金属との界面に剥離要因となる剪断力が生じる。よって、金属材料の中では熱膨張係数の小さいNi系合金の溶射層3を介在させることで、上記剪断力を該溶射層3の両面に振り分けて剥離しにくゝしたものである。Ni系合金は化学的にも酸化物セラミックスとの親和性が高く、密着性の向上に寄与する。上記諸作用は合金溶射層3が存在すること自体で生じるものであり、該溶射層の厚さの影響を殆ど受けない。よって50μ前後の厚さに留めるのが経済的である。合金溶射層3の材質としては、Ni−20%Cr合金,NiCrAlY等を例示できる。又、上記合金類に自溶性を具備させるなどして溶射後に再溶融処理を施す形態とすることにより、ローラー本体の溶融塩からの遮断が確実に行われて、ローラー本体の腐食に起因する問題がより確実に避けられる。
【0012】
上記溶射層3,4,5の形成は、溶射材料の特性に応じて、プラズマガン,ガスガン,高速燃焼炎ガン,アークガンなどを適宜選定して行うことができる。又、溶射層3と4の間、あるいは4と5の間に中間組成の溶射層を介在させた3層以上の構成として層間結合力を増すといった常套手段も適宜援用されてよい。
【0013】
本発明ローラーにあっては、溶射被覆の最表部をAl23系セラミックスなどの気孔率,気孔サイズ共に小さい緻密な溶射層としたことで、溶融塩の凝固付着の足掛りがなくなって溶融塩の不均一な凝固堆積が避けられるが、最表部溶射層に封孔処理を施して微小な開口気孔を封じてしまうことにより、上記凝固堆積回避の効果は更に強化される。封孔処理剤としては、300℃以上の温度に耐えうるものとして、エチルシリケート系あるいはシロキサン系の処理剤を例示できる。
【0014】
以上縷々述べた本発明ローラーは、たとえば図3に示すような形態で使用される。同図において、6は溶融塩浴,1aはローラーの胴部,1bはローラーのシャフトである。因に、溶融塩浴6に用いられる溶融塩としては、Na2CO3−NaOH系(融点290℃),KCl−LiCl系(350℃),Ba(NO32−BaCl2系(500℃),CaCl2−NaCl系(500℃)を例示できる。
【0015】
図3の形態のようにローラー胴部1aがローラーの回転によって溶融塩浴6に周期的に出入し浴面上での冷却が繰返されるケースでは、胴部1aに無数回の熱衝撃が加わり、又、溶融塩の凝固堆積も極めて起りやすい。しかしながら、本発明ローラーであれば、熱衝撃による溶射被覆の剥離や被覆表面への溶融塩の不均一な凝固堆積は稀にしか起らない。本発明ローラーを溶融塩浴内に全浸して使用するケース(図示略)でも、ローラーの浸漬時や取出しなどの際に上例に準じた熱衝撃等を受けるが、問題発生は図3のケースよりも更に少ない。なお、ローラーが全浸使用されるケースでは、溶射被覆はローラーの軸部表面など、胴部以外の部位にも適用されてよい。
【0016】
(実施例)
30mmφ,300mm長さの丸鋼の先端を球面加工した母材に、表1に記載の各種仕様の溶射被覆を施した試験体を作成し、これらを下記の試験に供して、耐熱衝撃性及び溶融塩付着性を評価した。結果を表1に併記する。
<試験方法>
KCl−LiCl共融混合物の800℃溶融塩浴に上記試験体(n=5)の下半部を5分間浸漬したのち大気中に取出して5分間放冷する操作を20サイクル繰返して被覆の熱衝撃剥離状況と溶融塩凝固付着状況とを調べた。なお、上記試験においては、付着溶融塩上からの不如意な観察となるため、剥離の早い試験体の剥離時期は「何サイクル以下」という評価になっている。
【0017】
【表1】

Figure 0004523142
【0018】
表1の結果に見る通り、本発明例試験体には、この試験条件では熱衝撃による被覆剥離が全く生じておらず、又、溶融塩凝固物の不均一な堆積による凹凸の発生も認められず、本発明の優位性が確認された。
【0019】
【発明の効果】
本発明ローラーは、高温の溶融塩に接する条件で使用される金属板通板用のローラーに、耐食・耐摩耗性のセラミックス溶射被覆を施してローラーの損耗を少なくし、更には、上記溶射被覆内にZrO2系セラミックスによる多孔質溶射層を配し、そのクッション作用によって、熱衝撃による溶射被覆の剥離を防ぎ得たものである。また、上記ZrO2系溶射層を被覆内の下地側に配し、最表部にはAl23系などの緻密な酸化物セラミックスを配したことで、ZrO2系溶射層の多孔性に起因する溶融塩の不均一な凝固堆積も回避できた。
【0020】
即ち、本発明によって、溶融塩浴用溶射被覆ローラーの寿命が、確率的に起る被覆の剥離ではなく、安定したペースで進む被覆の摩耗によって支配されるところとなり、従来のように、未だ摩耗しろを残したまゝでローラーの交換を余儀なくされということがなくなる。その結果ローラー寿命は従来の数倍に及ぶものと予想される。
【0021】
ローラーの早期交換は、ローラー経費の増大ばかりでなく、生産能率の顕著な低下を招いて、多大な損害を及ぼす。本発明は、このようなローラー交換の頻度を大巾に低減する効果をもたらすものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明ローラーの一例の部分断面図。
【図2】本発明ローラーの他の例の部分断面図。
【図3】本発明ローラーの使用形態の例を模式的に示した側面図。
【符号の説明】
1 本発明ローラー
1a ローラー胴部
1b ローラーのシャフト
2 ローラー本体
3 Ni系合金による最下地溶射層
4 ZrO2系セラミックスによる大気孔率溶射層
5 Al23系セラミックスによる小気孔率溶射層
6 溶融塩浴[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is suitable for a molten salt bath used for the purpose of activating the surface when hot-plating a steel sheet, and is suitable for a molten salt bath. The present invention relates to a technique that combines the characteristics of less coating damage and solidification deposition of molten salt.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The molten salt is heated to a high temperature of 300 ° C. or higher or 500 ° C. or higher, and an anion such as Cl contained therein exhibits an erosive action on the metal. In the roller used in contact with the molten salt, since it is in rolling contact with a steel plate or the like under the above erosion action, it is severely worn even if it is filled with a high corrosion resistance alloy. Therefore, a roller is used which is sprayed with ceramics such as Al 2 O 3 to provide corrosion resistance and wear resistance.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the ceramic spray coating roller has a weak point that the coating is peeled off when the wear margin still remains on the coating, and it has been desired to wipe out the weak point. The peeling is considered to be caused by thermal shock that may be applied to the thermal spray coating in connection with the use at the high temperature. Therefore, when the thermal spray coating of ZrO 2 ceramics with a high porosity was applied, the above problem of peeling was improved, but the molten salt was unevenly solidified and deposited on the surface of the thermal spray coating, and the roller surface was flattened. A new problem has arisen that sexuality is impaired.
[0004]
The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and has little wear under use conditions in which a steel plate is passed while being in contact with molten salt, and further, peeling of the coating and solidification of the molten salt on the coating surface It was an object to provide a ceramic spray coated roller that does not cause deposition problems.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The roller for molten salt bath of the present invention, which has been a means for solving the above problems, is a roller having a ceramic thermal spray coating on the surface, and the thermal spray coating has a high porosity porosity layer of ZrO 2 ceramic on the base side. It is characterized by having a multilayer structure in which a sprayed layer having a low porosity of Al 2 O 3 series, Cr 2 O 3 series, or TiO 2 series ceramics is arranged on the outermost part. Here, the “underlayer side” indicates a position immediately below the outermost surface sprayed layer such as an Al 2 O 3 system or a position closer to the underlayer through a bonding intermediate layer.
[0006]
In the roller of the present invention, the problem of the coating delamination was improved because the cushioning action derived from the atmospheric porosity of the ZrO 2 -based sprayed layer includes the entire outermost sprayed layer such as the Al 2 O 3 based coating. This is presumably because it was effective in reducing the thermal shock of the ceramic sprayed layer. In addition, the problem of non-uniform solidification deposition of molten salt has been improved because it is difficult for large pore openings to appear as a foothold for non-uniform solidification adhesion on the outermost surface of the small porosity. This is probably because of this. Thus, the above-described problems of the present invention have been solved by the combination of the above two actions.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
A basic embodiment example of the roller of the present invention is shown in FIG. In the figure, 1 is a roller of the present invention, 2 is a roller body, 4 is an atmospheric porosity sprayed layer made of ZrO 2 ceramics, and 5 is a small porosity sprayed layer made of Al 2 O 3 ceramics.
[0008]
The material of the ZrO 2 ceramics constituting the thermal spray layer 4 is a so-called stabilized ZrO in which high temperature shrinkage peculiar to ZrO 2 is suppressed by blending one or more of Y 2 O 3 , CaO, MgO and the like. 2 or partially stabilized ZrO 2 is recommended.
[0009]
The effect of preventing coating peeling by introducing the ZrO 2 -based sprayed layer 4 becomes effective when the thickness of this layer is 50 μm or more, and the effect increases as the thickness increases, but saturates at about 200 μm. Therefore, a preferable thickness range is 50 to 200 μm. Although the porosity of the ZrO 2 -based sprayed layer is conventionally known, the porosity range suitable for the roller of the present invention is 10-15 cross-sectional area%. The strength of thermal shock that can be handled (quenching temperature difference, etc.) is limited as it falls below 10%. On the other hand, when the cross-sectional area exceeds 15%, the strength tends to decrease. Incidentally, the above-mentioned “cross-sectional area%” indicates the area ratio occupied by the pore cross section in the microscopic cross section.
[0010]
The low-porosity sprayed layer 5 is Al 2 O 3 (white alumina), which is easy to form a dense sprayed layer, Al 2 O 3 system such as TiO 2 mixed Al 2 O 3 (gray alumina), Cr 2 O 3 system, Alternatively, TiO 2 ceramics are used. The thicker the sprayed layer 5, the longer the life associated with wear, so it is preferable that the thickness of the sprayed layer 5 be 100 μm or more from the viewpoint of cost performance.
On the other hand, it is desirable to keep it to 300 μm or less from the viewpoint of covering toughness. The non-uniform solidification deposition of the molten salt on the surface of the thermal spray layer 5 is generally avoided by setting the porosity of the thermal spray layer 5 to 8 cross-sectional area or less, and the avoidance effect becomes more pronounced as the porosity is reduced. However, it is saturated at about 4 cross-sectional area%. Therefore, it is desirable to have a porosity of 4 to 8 cross-sectional area%.
[0011]
FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the roller of the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 3 denotes an outermost base sprayed layer made of a Ni-based alloy. The thermal expansion coefficient of the ZrO 2 ceramics of the thermal spray layer 4 is nearly an order of magnitude smaller than that of a metal material such as a steel material of the roller body, and a shearing force that causes a peeling is generated at the interface with the base metal due to temperature change. . Therefore, in the metal material, the Ni-based alloy sprayed layer 3 having a small thermal expansion coefficient is interposed, so that the shearing force is distributed to both surfaces of the sprayed layer 3 and is hardly peeled off. Ni-based alloys also have a high chemical affinity with oxide ceramics and contribute to the improvement of adhesion. The above actions are caused by the presence of the alloy sprayed layer 3 and are hardly affected by the thickness of the sprayed layer. Therefore, it is economical to keep the thickness around 50μ. Examples of the material of the alloy sprayed layer 3 include Ni-20% Cr alloy and NiCrAlY. In addition, the above-mentioned alloys are provided with a self-fluxing property so that a remelting process is performed after thermal spraying, so that the roller body is reliably shielded from the molten salt, and the roller body is corroded. Is more reliably avoided.
[0012]
The sprayed layers 3, 4 and 5 can be formed by appropriately selecting a plasma gun, a gas gun, a high-speed combustion flame gun, an arc gun or the like according to the characteristics of the sprayed material. Further, a conventional means for increasing the interlayer bonding force as a configuration of three or more layers in which a thermal spray layer having an intermediate composition is interposed between the thermal spray layers 3 and 4 or between 4 and 5 may be used as appropriate.
[0013]
In the roller of the present invention, the outermost surface portion of the thermal spray coating is a dense thermal spray layer having a small porosity and pore size such as Al 2 O 3 ceramics, so that there is no footstep for solidified adhesion of the molten salt. Although non-uniform solidification deposition of the molten salt can be avoided, the effect of avoiding the solidification deposition is further strengthened by subjecting the outermost sprayed layer to a sealing treatment to seal minute open pores. Examples of the sealing agent include ethyl silicate-based or siloxane-based treating agents that can withstand temperatures of 300 ° C. or higher.
[0014]
The roller of the present invention described above is used in a form as shown in FIG. 3, for example. In the drawing, 6 is a molten salt bath, 1a is a roller body, and 1b is a roller shaft. Incidentally, the molten salt used in the molten salt bath 6 includes Na 2 CO 3 —NaOH system (melting point 290 ° C.), KCl—LiCl system (350 ° C.), Ba (NO 3 ) 2 —BaCl 2 system (500 ° C. ), CaCl 2 -NaCl system (500 ° C.).
[0015]
In the case where the roller body 1a periodically enters and exits the molten salt bath 6 by the rotation of the roller as shown in FIG. 3 and cooling on the bath surface is repeated, countless thermal shocks are applied to the body 1a. Further, solidified deposition of the molten salt is very likely to occur. However, with the roller of the present invention, the thermal spray coating is rarely peeled off or the molten salt is not uniformly solidified and deposited on the coating surface. Even in the case of using the roller of the present invention fully immersed in a molten salt bath (not shown), it receives the thermal shock according to the above example when the roller is immersed or taken out, but the problem occurs in the case of FIG. Even less than. In the case where the roller is fully immersed, the thermal spray coating may be applied to parts other than the body part, such as the surface of the shaft part of the roller.
[0016]
(Example)
Test specimens were prepared by applying the thermal spray coating of various specifications listed in Table 1 to a base metal whose tip of a 30mmφ, 300mm length round steel was spherically processed. Molten salt adhesion was evaluated. The results are also shown in Table 1.
<Test method>
The operation of immersing the lower half of the specimen (n = 5) in an 800 ° C molten salt bath of KCl-LiCl eutectic mixture for 5 minutes and then taking it out to the atmosphere and allowing to cool for 5 minutes is repeated 20 cycles. The impact peeling situation and the molten salt solidification adhesion situation were investigated. In addition, in the above test, since it is an unintentional observation from the adhered molten salt, the peeling time of the test specimen with a quick peeling is evaluated as “how many cycles or less”.
[0017]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004523142
[0018]
As can be seen from the results in Table 1, the test specimens of the present invention had no coating peeling due to thermal shock under these test conditions, and irregularities due to uneven deposition of the molten salt solidified product were also observed. Therefore, the superiority of the present invention was confirmed.
[0019]
【The invention's effect】
The roller of the present invention is a metal plate passing roller used in contact with a high temperature molten salt to reduce wear and tear of the roller by applying a corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant ceramic spray coating. A porous sprayed layer made of ZrO 2 -based ceramics was placed inside, and the cushioning action prevented the thermal spray coating from being peeled off by thermal shock. Further, the ZrO 2 -based sprayed layer is disposed on the base side in the coating, and the outermost surface portion is provided with a dense oxide ceramic such as Al 2 O 3 -based so that the porosity of the ZrO 2 -based sprayed layer is increased. The resulting non-uniform solidification deposition of the molten salt could also be avoided.
[0020]
In other words, according to the present invention, the life of the thermal spray coating roller for the molten salt bath is governed by the wear of the coating proceeding at a stable pace, not the peeling of the coating that occurs stochastically. You won't be forced to replace the roller while leaving As a result, the roller life is expected to be several times longer than before.
[0021]
The early replacement of the rollers not only increases the roller cost, but also causes a significant decrease in production efficiency, causing a great deal of damage. The present invention brings about the effect of greatly reducing the frequency of such roller replacement.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a partial sectional view of an example of a roller of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of another example of the roller of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a side view schematically showing an example of usage of the roller of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Invention roller
1a Roller body
1b Roller shaft 2 Roller body 3 Substrate sprayed layer made of Ni alloy 4 Atmospheric porosity sprayed layer 5 made of ZrO 2 ceramic 5 Small porosity sprayed layer made of Al 2 O 3 ceramic 6 Molten salt bath

Claims (5)

表面にセラミックスの溶射被覆を有するローラーであって、該溶射被覆を、ZrO系のセラミックスによる気孔率の大きい溶射層を下地側に配し、Al系,Cr系、又は、TiO系セラミックスによる気孔率の小さい溶射層を最表部に配した複層構成としたことを特徴とする溶融塩浴用ローラー。A roller having a ceramic spray coating on the surface, the spray coating having a high-porosity thermal spray layer of ZrO 2 ceramic on the base side, Al 2 O 3 system, Cr 2 O 3 system, or A molten salt bath roller characterized by having a multilayer structure in which a thermal spray layer having a low porosity of TiO 2 ceramics is disposed on the outermost surface. 前記ZrO系溶射層の厚さを50〜200μmとした、請求項1の溶融塩浴用ローラー。The roller for a molten salt bath according to claim 1, wherein the ZrO 2 sprayed layer has a thickness of 50 to 200 μm. 前記ZrO系溶射層の気孔率を10〜15断面積%とした、請求項1又は2の溶融塩浴用ローラー。The roller for a molten salt bath according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a porosity of the ZrO 2 -based sprayed layer is 10 to 15% by cross-sectional area. 前記Al 系,Cr 系、又は、TiO 系セラミックスの最表部溶射層の気孔率を4〜8断面積%とした、請求項1〜3のいずれかの溶融塩浴用ローラー。 The Al 2 O 3 system, Cr 2 O 3 system, or, the porosity of the uppermost portion sprayed layer of TiO 2 ceramics was 4-8 cross-sectional area%, any molten salt bath according to claim 1 to 3 roller. 前記ZrO系溶射層の下地側にNi系合金による最下地溶射層を配した、請求項1〜4のいずれかの溶融塩浴用ローラー。Wherein the base end of the ZrO 2 sprayed layer was arranged outermost foundation sprayed layer by Ni-based alloy, or molten salt bath roller of claims 1 to 4.
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