JP4538593B2 - Mass system heat transfer model creation support method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention is designed to create a mass system heat transfer model for buildings, ground, etc., which is necessary for predicting and evaluating the outdoor thermal environment using numerical calculations. The present invention relates to a mass-system heat transfer model creation support method for enabling creation of the model on extension of an action.

  In Japan, thermal environmental problems represented by the summer heat island phenomenon in urban areas are becoming apparent, and the need for architectural-block design and urban development that considers the thermal environment has been screamed. For this reason, there is a need for a technique that can predict (and evaluate) the thermal environment of the outdoor space at the design stage.

  In recent years, a lot of simulation software has been developed in the thermal environment field of architectural environmental engineering, from research level to general purpose. Many of them require specialized knowledge to perform simulation, and it is very difficult to perform predictive evaluation by designers themselves. However, predictive evaluation by the designer himself is indispensable for designing in consideration of the thermal environment, and the demand is increasing.

  A tool for simulating an outdoor thermal environment using 3D-CAD (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-99697: Patent Document 1) discloses a method for analyzing an outdoor thermal environment, and a building or tree using 3D-CAD is disclosed. Analysis that reproduces the shape can be performed.

FIG. 1 shows an example of operation of a simulation tool for an outdoor thermal environment using 3D-CAD. Building, tree, and ground data are input by 3D-CAD to perform block design (step S1) to obtain coordinate data. After (step S2), mesh data is converted (step S3), and the specifications and materials of the cross section of the building are selected (step S4). After that, the weather conditions are set (step S5), the amount of heat received is obtained (step S6), the one-dimensional heat conduction calculation / surface temperature is calculated (steps S7, S8), and the calculated surface temperature is calculated by 3D-CAD. (Step S9) and an average radiation temperature MRT (Mean as an index of thermal comfort in the outdoor thermal environment
Radiant Temperature) and HIP (Heat Island Potential) as a sensible heat load from the block to the atmosphere is obtained (step S10).
JP 2003-99697 A Shinji Yamamura, Satoshi Umebino, Takashi Asawa: "Development of a prediction method for thermal radiation environment for the purpose of design support for external space design of architecture", Architectural Institute of Japan Planning Series, No. 554, pp.85-92, 2002.4

  Many tools for predicting the thermal environment are premised on the use of researchers with specialized knowledge of the thermal environment, and general designers perform simulations during design activities and reflect the results in the design. It is very difficult to go. Moreover, although the tool which simulates an outdoor thermal environment using 3D-CAD enables the input of outdoor space forms, such as a building and a tree, using 3D-CAD which use of a general designer is increasing. Advanced expertise in heat transfer analysis is required for the input of components, trees, and the setting and input of element heat transfer models for thermal environment measures. For this reason, administrative personnel and designers who do not have expertise in heat transfer analysis cannot perform thermal environment analysis themselves, and the results cannot be reflected in the design.

  In order for the designer to reflect the results of the thermal environment analysis in the design and proceed with the building-block design considering the thermal environment, the designer must extend the normal design activities without having expertise. It is necessary to perform thermal environment analysis.

  The present invention has been made under the circumstances as described above. The object of the present invention is to use a tool for simulating an outdoor thermal environment using 3D-CAD, such as an object such as a building part, a tree, a thermal environment countermeasure technique, and a thermal environment. Object-oriented technology for mass-based heat transfer models that enable practical creation of mass-based heat transfer models when users select objects by linking element heat transfer models for each object required for environmental analysis Is to provide.

  For this reason, it is possible to create a mass-based heat transfer model that has been created by experts related to heat transfer analysis as an extension of the design act such as a designer.

  In the present invention, an “object” refers to an object that holds information unique to the object on CAD, and corresponds to, for example, a wall that holds color information of materials and surfaces. On the programming language, data and functions (methods) for manipulating the data are collectively referred to as “object”, and “object tool” refers to a function on CAD software for generating an object.

  In addition, the “element heat transfer model” refers to a model in which each element such as a building part, a tree, and a passive method is converted into a heat transfer model for thermal environment analysis, and is stored in each mass point. The “mass point” refers to information in which heat transfer calculation is possible in a mesh. The “mass point system heat transfer model” is a heat transfer model composed of material points such as buildings, ground, and trees, which are targets for thermal environment analysis, and is created by a combination of “element heat transfer models”.

  Database (DB) of parts and thermal environment countermeasure method objects that collect design elements such as walls and trees used in design, thermal environment countermeasure techniques, and heat transfer corresponding to objects such as each part, tree, thermal environment countermeasure technique It has a database that stores models (mass point arrangement method, calculation formula, etc.) and a material database that stores physical properties of materials necessary for heat transfer models. By linking them, the mass system heat transfer model is automatically generated by designing using the object at the time of use.

  FIG. 2 shows an outline of the present invention. Steps S11 to S16 correspond to the present invention, and the obtained result is input to the setting of weather conditions (step S5). That is, first, a block design (building, ground, trees, etc.) using objects by general-purpose 3D-CAD is performed (step S11), and at that time, a database of part / thermal environment countermeasure methods is used (step S12). In addition, the element heat transfer model database is used based on the material database (step S14) (step S13), the coordinate data of the designed block is acquired, and mesh data is generated (step S15). A heat transfer model is generated (step S16), and the data is used after the weather condition is set.

  According to the present invention, when a user uses a tool for simulating an outdoor thermal environment using 3D-CAD, even if the user does not have specialized knowledge about heat transfer analysis of a building, it is registered in advance. By selecting an object from the selected object tool, it is possible to build a mass-based heat transfer model that can automatically analyze the thermal environment. Therefore, a designer or a person in charge of administration can easily perform a thermal environment analysis using a tool that simulates an outdoor thermal environment using 3D-CAD over an extension of a normal design act. The present invention is very useful for the spread of thermal environment-considering design because even a user who does not have specialized knowledge can appropriately perform thermal environment analysis.

  Objects on CAD software can store any information or have a concept that can store information. The outdoor thermal environment simulation tool using 3D-CAD can construct a heat transfer model for each component (object) such as a wall or a veranda, and can distribute functions for each object.

  In order to perform heat transfer calculation in an outdoor thermal environment simulation using 3D-CAD, all buildings and the ground are meshed on the surface, and element transmission appropriate for each part is performed for each mesh (mass point). It is necessary to assign a heat model and create a mass system heat transfer model. It is very difficult for a general user who does not have specialized knowledge to create, select and assign an appropriate heat transfer model for each part and assign it to each mesh. However, it is possible to automatically generate a mass-based heat transfer model by creating a database of element heat transfer models constructed in advance for each object and designing the object using the prepared objects. The present invention is characterized in that a mass system heat transfer model for heat transfer calculation is incorporated into an object tool as a function of 3D-CAD software.

  FIG. 3 shows an example of the configuration of the database of the present invention. The database of the present invention includes a database 10 of part / thermal environment countermeasure technique objects and element heat transfer corresponding to objects such as each part, tree, thermal environment countermeasure technique. A database 20 of models (mass point arrangement method, calculation formula, and the like) and a material database 30 storing material property values necessary for the heat transfer model are configured. These databases 10, 20, and 30 have different database contents depending on “building”, “ground”, and “tree”, respectively. The “building” is divided into walls, roofs, verandas, windows, thermal environment countermeasure methods, and others, and a database of site / thermal environment countermeasure method objects in which the shape of each site is reproduced is prepared. The element heat transfer model database 20 includes cross section specifications and surface material colors for walls, roofs, verandas, and windows. The heat environment countermeasure method includes an element heat transfer model for each thermal environment countermeasure method (a rooftop greening model). , Wall greening models, etc.) are prepared. In the material database 30, material property values, constants and parameters necessary for the element heat transfer model, and the like are prepared. On the “ground”, a user arbitrarily draws a surface figure, and a cross-sectional configuration and an element heat transfer model are selected from the element heat transfer model database for the figure. The material database 30 is prepared with constants, parameters, and the like necessary for physical property values and element heat transfer models as in buildings. In the “tree”, objects that reproduce the tree height, tree shape, height under the crown, and the like are prepared, and in the element heat transfer model database 20, tree models (tree species, leaf density, etc.) are prepared. Information such as solar transmittance is stored in the material database 30.

  In the present invention, VectorWorks, which is object-oriented general-purpose CAD software, is used as an example of practical application of the present technology. VectorWorks has a function called an object tool that collects parts such as building walls and verandas as objects. The element heat transfer model database 20 and the object tool are coded so as to automatically generate the mass system heat transfer model from the object tool. Further, the element heat transfer model database 20 is associated with the material database 30, and necessary physical property values are taken in from the material database 30. Specifically, in an outdoor thermal environment simulation tool using 3D-CAD, a meshing operation is first performed directly from an object tool to generate a three-dimensional mesh model. The three databases 10, 20, and 30 are linked so that information on the heat transfer model unique to the object is stored in each mesh of the generated mesh model.

  For this reason, information (number) associated with the heat transfer model is stored in advance for each object, and coding is performed so that each mesh is automatically assigned to each mesh. For example, in the case of a wall, detailed drawing information about the wall and information for associating with the heat transfer model are stored in the object of the object tool. On the other hand, the specification 20 of the cross section of the wall and the color of the surface material are prepared in the database 20 of the element heat transfer model, and the user can change the specification of the cross section. Further, the material database 30 stores physical property information such as thermal conductivity and volumetric specific heat of each material. Information of these three databases 10, 20, and 30 is completely associated. As for thermal bridge parts, users without specialized knowledge of heat transfer analysis cannot identify and generate a mass system heat transfer model as a CAD model, but as design information such as “columns” and “beams” By inputting, it is possible to generate an appropriate heat transfer model by corresponding to the three databases 10 to 30.

  FIG. 4 shows an example of a mass system heat transfer model of a building. The mass system heat transfer model is created by combining a plurality of element heat transfer models, and each mass point stores an element heat transfer model for each part. The

  FIG. 5 shows a process of modeling a wall surface greening as a mass system heat transfer model as an example. The user selects the wall greening object from the database 10 of the part / thermal environment countermeasure technique object. At this time, the user selects and sets parameters such as the area to be greened, the type of plant to be greened, the leaf density, and the distance from the outer wall. Since these parameters are necessary for the design, specialized knowledge is not required for input. The rooftop greening object corresponds to the elemental heat transfer model for wall greening in the element heat transfer model database 20, converts the design parameters set by the user into calculation parameters, and element transfer that conforms to the selected conditions. Complete the thermal model. Specifically, the plant type is converted into calculation parameters such as the leaf surface temperature, the leaf density is the solar transmittance, and the distance from the wall is a calculation parameter such as the wind speed and temperature of the air layer formed between the outer wall and the wall greening (the material Converted based on the database 30).

  By inputting these calculation parameters into the element heat transfer model for wall greening in the element heat transfer model database 20, an element heat transfer model capable of calculating the surface temperature of the wall covered with wall greening is created. In this way, a mass-based heat transfer model is created that includes not only wall greening but also element heat transfer models for each building site.

  In addition, the heat balance of the wall surface in the element heat transfer model of wall greening is calculated according to the following formula 1.

  According to the present invention, when a user uses a tool for simulating an outdoor thermal environment using 3D-CAD, even if the user does not have specialized knowledge about heat transfer analysis of a building, it is registered in advance. By simply selecting an object from the selected object tool, a mass system heat transfer model can be automatically constructed.

  In other words, it is a method that enables general CAD users, such as designers, to perform thermal environment analysis on extension of design activities, so it can be used in the fields of architectural design / city planning, environmental design, and architectural CAD. The possibility is high.

It is a flowchart which shows the operation example of the outdoor thermal environment simulation tool using 3D-CAD. It is a flowchart which shows the whole flow of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the database of this invention. It is a figure which shows the example of the mass point system heat transfer model of a building. It is a figure which shows the example of the mass system heat transfer model production | generation of wall surface greening.

Explanation of symbols

10 Database of part / thermal environment countermeasure method object 20 Element heat transfer model database 30 Material database

Claims (3)

A method for supporting creation of a mass system heat transfer model by information processing of a computer including an arithmetic control unit, a storage unit, an input unit, a display unit, and an output unit,
By 3D-CAD, a block design that takes into account the position and shape of spatial components such as buildings, ground, and trees in the target site is performed.
The arithmetic control unit obtains coordinate data 1 from the block design data 1 constituting the block design , converts the coordinate data 1 into mesh-divided mesh 1 data,
After the cross-sectional configuration and material are set for each data of the mesh 1 from the input unit , and further weather conditions are set,
The control calculation unit obtains the amount of heat received in each mesh 1 corresponding to the building surface and the ground surface by heat balance calculation, calculates the surface temperature by the heat reception amount and one-dimensional heat conduction calculation, and calculates the calculated surface The temperature is output from the output unit corresponding to the coordinates of the 3D-CAD,
Using the database of the part / thermal environment countermeasure method object stored in the storage unit, the block design 2 using the object is performed by the 3D-CAD ,
The control calculation unit acquires coordinate data 2 constituting the block design 2 , converts the coordinate data 2 into mesh-divided mesh 2 data,
Using the material database stored in the storage unit and the element heat transfer model database that refers to information such as physical property values of the material from the material database , element heat transfer to the data of the mesh 2 Store the model,
A mass-system heat transfer model creation support method, wherein the arithmetic control section generates a mass-system heat transfer model. The mass point system heat transfer model creation support method according to claim 1, wherein the mass point system heat transfer model is created by a combination of a plurality of element heat transfer models, and an element heat transfer model for each part is stored in each mass point. A method for supporting creation of a mass system heat transfer model by information processing of a computer including an arithmetic control unit, a storage unit, an input unit, a display unit, and an output unit,
Using the database of the part of the storage unit / thermal environment countermeasure technique object that stores information such as building, ground, tree shape, rooftop greening, wall greening, water retention pavement, etc., by the input unit and the arithmetic control unit Get the block design data designed for the block,
The arithmetic control unit acquires coordinate data from the block design data , converts the coordinate data into mesh data divided into meshes, and transmits element data of the storage unit linked to the database of the part / thermal environment countermeasure technique object. The element heat transfer model corresponding to the object is automatically selected from the heat model database,
The arithmetic control unit further automatically selects a physical property value or the like of the material corresponding to the element heat transfer model from the material database of the storage unit, and calculates the mass system heat transfer model from the mesh data and the element heat transfer model. Generate a mass-based heat transfer model that the designer needs to analyze the thermal environment as an extension of the design act .
A mass-system heat transfer model creation support method characterized by this.

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