JP4545758B2 - 電解液可溶性の高分子がコーティングされた分離膜及びこれを含む電気化学素子 - Google Patents
電解液可溶性の高分子がコーティングされた分離膜及びこれを含む電気化学素子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4545758B2 JP4545758B2 JP2006537888A JP2006537888A JP4545758B2 JP 4545758 B2 JP4545758 B2 JP 4545758B2 JP 2006537888 A JP2006537888 A JP 2006537888A JP 2006537888 A JP2006537888 A JP 2006537888A JP 4545758 B2 JP4545758 B2 JP 4545758B2
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- electrolyte
- separation membrane
- soluble polymer
- polymer
- cyanoethyl
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- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Description
SONY社の場合、高分子としてPVDF-HFP(ポリビニリデンフルオライドヘキサフルオロプロピレン)などを使用して、電解液としてEC(エチレンカーボネート)及びPC(プロピレンカーボネート)にLiPF6が溶解されたものを採択して、これら高分子と電解液をDMC(ジメチルカーボネート)溶媒と混合して、この混合物を電極の表面にコーティングした後DMCを揮発させて電極上にゲル型高分子が導入した形態で製造する。以後、電気短絡防止のために、ポリオレフイン系列の分離膜とともに巻取(winding)して電池を製造する。
前述した従来技術のゲル型高分子電解質は製造工程上の特徴によって電解液に溶解されないゲル型高分子を含むものであった。
本発明では分離膜の片面または両面に電解液可溶性の高分子、すなわち電解液含浸時に溶解される機能性高分子がコーティングされているから、電池組み立て後に電解液注入によって前記電解液可溶性の高分子が溶解されて電解質を形成するようになる(図1参照)。前記電解質は液状に近いゲル(gel)または高粘度の液体状態で存在して、従来の液型及びゲル型電解質が有する長所をすべて保有するようになる。
この時、前記分離膜は本発明と同一に分離膜と同時に電解質の役割をする。
電解液に対する電解液可溶性の高分子の濃度変化による電解液の粘度及びイオン伝導度変化を観察した。採択された電解液可溶性の高分子はシアノ−エチルプルランであったし、電解液は1MのLiPF6濃度のEC/PC/DEC=3/2/5(重量比)を選定した。シアノ−エチルプルランの電解液に対する濃度をそれぞれ0重量%、5重量%、10重量%に調節した。
実施例1
1-1.シアノ−エチルプルランがコーティングされた分離膜製造
シアノ−エチルプルラン(重合度、degree of polymerization)=約600)をアセトンにとかした後、この溶液をポリプロピレン/ポリエチレン/ポリプロピレン(PP/PE/PP)3層でなされた分離膜の表面にディップコーティング方式でコーティングしたし、以後常温乾燥及び100℃熱風乾燥を通じて最終分離膜を製造した。分離膜の表面にコーティングされた電解液可溶性の高分子の厚さは約1μmであった。
(負極の製造)
負極活物質で炭素粉末、結合材でポリビニリデンフルオライド(PVDF)、導電材でカーボンブラックをそれぞれ93重量%、6重量%、1重量%にして溶剤であるN-メチル-2ピロリドン(NMP)に添加して負極混合物スラリーを製造した。前記負極混合物スラリーを厚さが10μmである負極集電体である銅(Cu)薄膜に塗布、乾燥を通じて負極を製造した後、ロールプレス(roll press)を実施した。
正極活物質でリチウムコバルト複合酸化物94重量%、導電材でカーボンブラック(carbon black)3重量%、結合剤でPVDF3重量%を溶剤であるN-メチル-2ピロリドン(NMP)に添加して正極混合物スラリーを製造した。前記正極混合物スラリーを厚さが20μmである正極集電体のアルミニウム(Al)薄膜に塗布、乾燥を通じて正極を製造した後、ロールプレス(roll press)を実施した。
前記のように製造された電極及び1-1で製造された分離膜をスタッキング(stacking)方式で組立てた後、電解液(エチレンカーボネート(EC)/プロピレンカーボネート(PC)=50/50嵩%、1Mのリチウムヘキサフルオロホスファート(LiPF6)を注入して最終的に電池を完成した。
電解液可溶性の高分子でシアノ−エチルプルランの代わりにシアノ−エチルポリビニルアルコ−ルを利用したものを除外しては、前記実施例1と同一な方法を遂行して分離膜及びリチウム二次電池を製造した。
比較例1.ポリビニリデンフルオライド-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体(PVDF-HFP)が導入した分離膜及びリチウム二次電池製造
電解液可溶性の高分子であるシアノ−エチルプルランの代わりに電解液不溶性高分子であるポリビニリデンフルオライド-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン(PVDF-HFP)を使ったことを除外しては、前記実施例1と同一な方法を遂行して分離膜及びリチウム二次電池を製造した。
電解液可溶性の高分子でコーティングしないで従来の3層でなされた分離膜(PP/PE/PP)を使用したことを除き、前記実施例1と同一な方法を遂行してリチウム二次電池を製造した。
本発明によって電解液可溶性の高分子がコーティングされた分離膜の電解液に対する濡れ性評価を下記のように実施した。
本発明によって電解液可溶性の高分子がコーティングされた分離膜を具備したリチウム二次電池の熱的安全性を評価するために、下記のように実施した。
本発明によって電解液可溶性の高分子がコーティングされた分離膜を具備したリチウム二次電池の性能を評価するために、下記のように実施した。
下記の特許請求の範囲に記載した本発明の思想及び領域から脱しない範囲内で本発明を多様に修正及び変更させることができる。したがって特許請求範囲の等価的な意味や範囲に属するすべての変化らは全部本発明の権利範囲内に属することを明らかにしておく。
Claims (14)
- 分離膜の片面または両面に電解液可溶性の高分子がコーティングされた電気化学素子用分離膜であって、
この分離膜にコーティングされた前記電解液可溶性の高分子は、シアノエチルプルラン、シアノエチルポリビニルアルコール、シアノエチルセルロース及びシアノエチルスクロースからなる群から選択された少なくとも1種であることを特徴とする、電気化学素子用分離膜。 - 前記電解液可溶性の高分子は使おうとする電解液によって溶解度指数(solubility parameter)が18.0ないし30[J1/2/cm3/2]範囲である、請求項1に記載の分離膜。
- 前記電解液可溶性の高分子は誘電率常数(測定周波数=1kHz)が10以上である、請求項1に記載の分離膜。
- 電解液可溶性の高分子のコーティング層の厚さは0.01ないし100μmである、請求項1に記載の分離膜。
- 前記分離膜は気孔部を有する多孔性構造である、請求項1に記載の分離膜。
- 前記分離膜の材料はポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ポリエステル、ポリアセタール、ポリアミド、ポリカーボネート、ポリイミド、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン、ポリエーテルサルホン、ポリフェニレンオキサイド、ポリフェニレンサルファイド、ポリエチレンナフタリン、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリビニリデンフルオライド、ポリエチレンオキサイド、ポリアクリロニトリル及びポリビニリデンフルオライドヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体でなされた群から選択された1種以上である請求項1に記載の分離膜。
- (a)正極、
(b)負極、
(c)分離膜、及び
(d)電解液
を含む電気化学素子であって、前記分離膜は分離膜の片面または両面に電解液可溶性の高分子がコーティングされた分離膜であり、この分離膜にコーティングされた前記電解液可溶性の高分子は、シアノエチルプルラン、シアノエチルポリビニルアルコール、シアノエチルセルロース及びシアノエチルスクロースからなる群から選択された少なくとも1種であることを特徴とする、電気化学素子。 - 前記分離膜にコーティングされた電解液可溶性の高分子は電解液の注入によって溶解されて電解質を形成する、請求項7に記載の電気化学素子。
- 前記分離膜にコーティングされた電解液可溶性の高分子が電解液の注入によって溶解されて形成された電解質は電気化学素子導入前の電解液の造成に比べて0.01ないし20重量%範囲の電解液可溶性の高分子を含む、請求項8に記載の電気化学素子。
- 前記電解質は電池の両電極の表面、電極活物質との間または電極に存在する気孔部、分離膜の表面及び分離膜の気孔部に均一に浸透及び分布する、請求項8に記載の電気化学素子。
- 前記電解液は下記一般式(I)で表記する塩がプロピレンカーボネート(PC)、エチレンカーボネート(EC)、ジエチルカーボネート(DEC)、ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)、ジプロピルカーボネート(DPC)、ジメチルスルホキシド、アセトニトリル、ジメトキシエタン、ジエトキシエタン、テトラヒドロフラン、N−メチル−2−ピロリドン(NMP)、エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)及びガンマブチロラクトンでなされた群から選択された1種以上の有機溶媒に解離された、請求項7に記載の電気化学素子:
A+ B− (I)
前記式において、A+ はアルカリ金属陽イオンまたはこれらの組合でなされたイオンを含んで、B− は陰イオンまたはこれらの組合でなされたイオンを含む。 - 前記電気化学素子はリチウム二次電池である請求項7に記載の電気化学素子。
- (a)分離膜の片面または両面に、シアノエチルプルラン、シアノエチルポリビニルアルコール、シアノエチルセルロース及びシアノエチルスクロースからなる群から選択された少なくとも1種の電解液可溶性の高分子をコーティングして分離膜を製造する段階と、
(b)正極、負極、前記両電極との間に、前記段階(a)で製造された分離膜を介して電気化学素子を組立てる段階と、及び
(c)前記段階(b)で製造された電気化学素子に電解液を注入する段階と、
を含む、請求項7に記載電気化学素子の製造方法。 - 前記段階(a)でのコーティング方法は、ディップコーティング、ダイコーティング、ロールコーティング、コンマコーティング及びこれらの混合方式でなされた群から選択される、請求項13に記載の製造方法。
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| US5853916A (en) * | 1996-10-28 | 1998-12-29 | Motorola, Inc. | Multi-layered polymeric gel electrolyte and electrochemical cell using same |
| US6472105B2 (en) * | 1997-11-19 | 2002-10-29 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Bonding agent for cells and cell using the same |
| KR19990043695A (ko) * | 1997-11-29 | 1999-06-15 | 전주범 | 리튬 전지용 분리막의 제조 방법 |
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-
2004
- 2004-10-29 TW TW093133002A patent/TWI246219B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-11-02 JP JP2006537888A patent/JP4545758B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-11-02 WO PCT/KR2004/002788 patent/WO2005043649A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2004-11-02 EP EP04799979A patent/EP1687861B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-11-02 CN CNB2004800327183A patent/CN100474661C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-11-02 US US10/978,402 patent/US20070054184A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-11-03 KR KR1020040089012A patent/KR100656085B1/ko not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20070054184A1 (en) | 2007-03-08 |
| CN100474661C (zh) | 2009-04-01 |
| KR100656085B1 (ko) | 2006-12-08 |
| JP2007510266A (ja) | 2007-04-19 |
| CN1930703A (zh) | 2007-03-14 |
| EP1687861A4 (en) | 2007-06-20 |
| EP1687861A1 (en) | 2006-08-09 |
| EP1687861B1 (en) | 2012-12-26 |
| TW200527740A (en) | 2005-08-16 |
| KR20050042456A (ko) | 2005-05-09 |
| WO2005043649A1 (en) | 2005-05-12 |
| TWI246219B (en) | 2005-12-21 |
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