JP4559673B2 - Thick steel plate for welded structure excellent in fatigue strength of welded joint and method for producing the same - Google Patents
Thick steel plate for welded structure excellent in fatigue strength of welded joint and method for producing the same Download PDFInfo
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、溶接部の靭性と疲労強度の両方が必要とされる建築、造船、橋梁、建設機械、海洋構造物などの溶接構造部材に使用される溶接部の疲労特性に優れた溶接構造用軟鋼および引張強さが590MPa 級の高張力鋼に関わり、さらに詳しくは溶接継手の疲労強度に優れた溶接構造用厚鋼板およびその製造方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
溶接構造物の大型化と環境保全に対する要求の高まりに伴い、構造物部材は従来にも増した信頼性が要求されるようになってきている。溶接構造物で想定される破壊形態としては疲労破壊、脆性破壊、延性破壊などがあるが、これらのうち、最も頻度が高い破壊形態は、初期欠陥からの疲労破壊あるいは脆性破壊、さらには疲労破壊の後に続く脆性破壊である。最近の橋梁や大型タンカーにおける疲労き裂発生、海洋構造物における疲労き裂を発端とした倒壊など、疲労破壊が問題となった事例は少なくない。
【0003】
これらの破壊形態は、構造物の設計上の配慮だけでは防止が困難であり、突然の構造物崩壊の原因となることが多く、構造物の安全確保の観点からはその防止が最も必要とされる破壊形態である。構造物の大型化に伴い、使用される鋼材への要求も強くなっており、特に溶接構造物での靭性、疲労強度の確保は一層難しくなってくる。
【0004】
これまでに、疲労強度向上に関する技術が多数提案されているが、そのほとんどは薄鋼板の母材、あるいはスポット溶接部の疲労強度向上に関するものである。例えば、特開昭61−96057号公報においては、ベイナイトの面積比率を5〜60%とすることで疲労強度向上が図れることが記載されている。厚鋼板溶接継手の疲労破壊に関する研究によれば、疲労き裂は溶接部の応力集中部に発生する。この部分には残留応力も作用しているため、応力集中と残留応力の重畳作用により疲労き裂の発生が容易となることが明らかにされている。
【0005】
また、溶接部材の疲労強度支配要因と疲労強度改善に関する膨大な研究がなされているが、溶接部疲労強度の改善は、グラインダー研削、溶接ビード最終層を加熱・再溶融により止端部形状を整形するなどの溶接止端部形状改善による応力集中の軽減によるものなど、力学的要因による改善がほとんどであった(例えば、特開昭59−110490号公報、特開平1−301823号公報など)。また、溶接後熱処理による残留応力低減効果も従来からよく知られたものである。
【0006】
本発明者等は、溶接部の疲労き劣発生・伝播のミクロ組織依存性に関する系統的な実験を実施した結果、特開平8−73983号公報では疲労き裂の発生・伝播を最も効果的に抑制するHAZ組織はフェライトであることが明らかにしている。すなわち、炭素当量値(以下Ceq)を限定し、HAZフェライト組織分率を増加させることによって溶接部の疲労強度が向上することが開示されている。
【0007】
しかしながら、特開昭61−96057号公報記載の発明では、母材のベイナイト面積率を特定範囲に限定することにより疲労強度を向上させるものであるが、これは薄鋼板母材の疲労強度向上に関するものであり、本発明が対象とする厚鋼板の突合せ溶接、または隅肉溶接などにおける溶接継手の疲労強度向上には効果がない。
また、特開昭59−110490号公報および特開平1−301823号公報記載の発明では、溶接後に特殊な施工をする必要があり、溶接ままで疲労強度を改善することができない。
さらに、特開平8−73983号公報記載の発明では、Ceq値の限定とSi添加によりHAZフェライト分率を増加させることによって溶接部の疲労強度を向上させるものであるが、さらなる疲労強度向上が必要であり、またその対象とするのは500MPa 級の高張力鋼板までであり、それ以上の高張力鋼板については考慮していない。
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、応力集中度の低減や溶接残留応力の低減を実現するための付加的な溶接施工法による疲労強度向上ではなく、鋼材成分と製造条件を制御することにより、溶接構造用軟鋼および引張強さが590MPa 級の高張力鋼において溶接継手の疲労強度に優れた溶接構造用厚鋼板およびその製造方法を提供することを目的としている。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
発明者らは溶接構造用軟鋼板から590MPa 級高張力鋼板までの溶接部疲労強度を向上するため詳細な検討を行った結果、その達成にはSi量とAl量を限定し、さらにAl量に応じてCeqの上限を限定することによりHAZフェライト分率を増大させれば可能とすることを見出した。
【0010】
本発明はかかる知見に基づいて完成されたもので、その要旨とするところは以下の通りである。
(1)質量%で、C:0.015〜0.15%、Si:0.01%以上1%未満、Mn:0.2〜1.5%、P:0.03%以下、S:0.01%以下、Al:0.1%超1%以下、N:0.001〜0.008%を含有し、残部Feおよび不可避的不純物よりなり、Ceq≦0.24+0.03×√Alを満たすことを特徴とする溶接継手の疲労強度に優れた溶接構造用厚鋼板。
ただし、Ceq=C+Mn/6+(Cu+Ni)/15+(Cr+Mo+V)/5
+Nb/3
(2)質量%で、C:0.015〜0.15%、Si:1〜2%、Mn:0.2〜1.5%、P:0.03%以下、S:0.01%以下、Al:0.1%超1%以下、N:0.001〜0.008%を含有し、残部Feおよび不可避的不純物よりなり、Ceq≦0.275+0.03×√Alを満たすことを特徴とする溶接継手の疲労強度に優れた溶接構造用厚鋼板。
ただし、Ceq=C+Mn/6+(Cu+Ni)/15+(Cr+Mo+V)/5
+Nb/3
(3)質量%で、Cu:0.1〜2%を、さらに含有することを特徴とする前記(1)または(2)に記載の溶接継手の疲労強度に優れた溶接構造用厚鋼板。
(4)質量%で、Ni:0.1〜2%を、さらに含有することを特徴とする前記(1)乃至(3)のいずれかに記載の溶接継手の疲労強度に優れた溶接構造用厚鋼板。
(5)質量%で、Cr:0.05〜1%、Mo:0.02〜1%の1種または2種を、さらに含有することを特徴とする前記(1)乃至(4)のいずれかに記載の溶接継手の疲労強度に優れた溶接構造用厚鋼板。
(6)質量%で、Nb:0.005〜0.08%、V:0.005〜0.1%の1種または2種を、さらに含有することを特徴とする前記(1)乃至(5)のいずれかに記載の溶接継手の疲労強度に優れた溶接構造用厚鋼板。
(7)質量%で、Ti:0.001〜0.05%を、さらに含有することを特徴とする前記(1)乃至(6)のいずれかに記載の溶接継手の疲労強度に優れた溶接構造用厚鋼板。
(8)質量%で、Mg:0.0001〜0.01%、Ca:0.0005〜0.005%、REM:0.0005〜0.005%の1種または2種以上を、さらに含有することを特徴とする前記(1)乃至(7)のいずれかに記載の溶接継手の疲労強度に優れた溶接構造用厚鋼板。
(9)前記(1)乃至(8)のいずれかに記載の鋼板の製造において、鋼塊をAc3点以上、1250℃以下に加熱後、再結晶温度域で熱間圧延した後、自然冷却することを特徴とする溶接継手の疲労強度に優れた溶接構造用厚鋼板の製造方法。
(10)再結晶温度域での熱間圧延に引き続き、未再結晶温度域において累積圧下率で40〜90%の熱間圧延を行うことを特徴とする前記(9)に記載の溶接継手の疲労強度に優れた溶接構造用厚鋼板の製造方法。
(11)前記(1)乃至(8)のいずれかに記載の鋼板の製造において、鋼塊をAc3点以上、1250℃以下に加熱後、再結晶温度域で熱間圧延し、引き続き未再結晶温度域において累積圧下率で40〜90%の熱間圧延をした後、1〜60℃/secの冷却速度で600℃以下の温度まで冷却することを特徴とする溶接継手の疲労強度に優れた溶接構造用厚鋼板の製造方法。
(12)冷却後さらに、300℃〜Ac1点に加熱して焼戻し熱処理することを特徴とする前記(11)に記載の溶接継手の疲労強度に優れた溶接構造用厚鋼板の製造方法。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明について、詳細に説明する。
まず、本発明の骨子である溶接継手の疲労強度向上について記述する。
発明者らは、溶接継手の疲労試験片のき裂発生・伝播の状況をミクロ的に詳細に観察を行った。その結果、ほとんどの疲労き裂は溶接金属とHAZ(熱影響部)の境界部、すなわち、溶接融合線付近から発生し、HAZ内を伝播し、さらに母材部に突入して試験片の全体破壊に至ることを知見した。
溶接融合線付近からき裂が発生するのは、溶接融合線付近は溶接止端部に一致し、この部分で最も応力集中が高くなるためである。このように、疲労き裂は溶接融合線付近から発生し、HAZ内を伝播するために、疲労強度はHAZのミクロ組織に大きく影響することが明らかとなった。
【0012】
上記のように、疲労き裂の発生部は溶接融合線近傍であり、さらにき裂伝播の初期段階ではHAZ内である。これらの領域は応力集中部に一致している。HAZミクロ組織と応力集中の両因子を再現することによりHAZミクロ組織が疲労強度に及ぼす影響を調査することができる。そこで、再現溶接熱サイクルを与えた鋼材から応力集中を設けた試験片を加工し、疲労試験に供してHAZミクロ組織と疲労強度の関係を求めた。試験片の外形寸法10×10×55mm、切欠き深さは2mm、切欠き先端半径は0.75mmで、支点間距離を40mmとして3点曲げ繰返し荷重を与え、疲労破壊させた。応力集中係数は2.6である。
【0013】
図1は、軟鋼から引張強さが590MPa までの強度を有する実験室真空溶解鋼を素材として、最高加熱温度を1400℃、800〜500℃の冷却時間を1〜30秒とした溶接再現熱サイクルを与えた再現HAZ材の疲労限度比(疲労限/再現HAZ材の引張強さ)の再現HAZ材の引張強さに対する依存性を示したものである。
この図から明らかなように、疲労限度比はHAZミクロ組織に大きく依存し、マルテンサイト、下部ベイナイト、下部ベイナイト+上部ベイナイトの混合組織、上部ベイナイト、フェライトの順に高くなる。すなわち応力集中を有する疲労試験においてはHAZ組織が高温変態組織ほど疲労限度比は高くなり、低温変態組織ほど低くなる。
【0014】
このように疲労強度がミクロ組織に依存する原因は完全には解明されていないが、▲1▼低温変態組織ほど変態時に導入された転位密度が高く、この転位は繰返し応力を受けると再配列されてしまうために転位強化は疲労強度にあまり寄与しない。▲2▼低温変態組織になるとベイナイトやマルテンサイトのラス界面、あるいは旧オーステナイト粒界の強度が粒内組織の強度に比べて相対的に低くなり、ラス界面や旧オーステナイト粒界で疲労き裂が容易に発生する。▲3▼フェライト組織では伝播するき裂先端における塑性変形が顕著で、塑性吸収エネルギーが増大し、その結果としてき裂伝播を遅延させる。
などの理由が考えられる。応力集中の少ない平滑試験片においては疲労強度のミクロ組織依存性は少なく、むしろ静的な引張強さと高い相関関係を有することが知られている。
【0015】
このように、再現HAZ材疲労強度がミクロ組織により影響を受け、特にフェライト主体組織で疲労限度比が上昇することは応力集中部で特異的に生じる現象であり、ミクロ組織をフェライト主体組織とすることによる疲労強度向上の効果は溶接継手のように応力集中が存在する場合に特に顕著に作用するものである。
従って、HAZミクロ組織をフェライト主体組織とすることが疲労強度向上の上で最も望ましいが、HAZが連続的に受ける連続冷却変態で100%フェライト組織にすることは、特に冷却速度が大きい小・中入熱溶接では困難であり、必然的にフェライトより変態温度が低いベイナイトなどの組織が混入する。しかしながら、上部ベイナイトはフェライトに次いで疲労限度比が高いために、上部ベイナイトが多少混入してもHAZの疲労強度をあまり低下させないことが期待できる。
【0016】
図2は再現HAZ材の疲労限度比をフェライト面積率に対してプロットしたものである。図から明らかなことは、▲1▼フェライト面積率が増加するに従って疲労限度比は上昇する。さらに、フェライト面積率が60%以上であれば疲労限度比が著しく上昇する。疲労限度比の向上はフェライト面積率が60%以上の範囲において特に顕著である。▲2▼同一フェライトの面積率で比較すると、Si≧1%でAl<0.1%添加した鋼はSi<1%でAl<0.1%添加した鋼に比べて疲労限度比が上昇する。▲3▼また、同一フェライトの面積率で比較すると、Si≧1%で0.1%<Al≦1%添加した鋼はSi≧1%でAl<0.1%添加した鋼に比べて疲労限度比が上昇する。
この結果から、HAZのフェライト面積率を60%以上とする事により疲労限度比を向上でき、さらにSiを1%以上添加して0.1%<Al≦1%添加すると疲労限度比向上の効果は顕著となることが明らかとなった。
【0017】
上述した通り、ごく一般に用いられている溶接構造用軟鋼や引張強さが590MPa 級の圧延まま高張力鋼は炭素当量値が高く、HAZ焼入れ性が高いため、これらの鋼では小・中入熱溶接HAZミクロ組織がベイナイト・マルテンサイト組織となる。このためHAZの疲労強度向上は望めない。HAZの疲労破壊に対する感受性を低くし、応力集中下においても疲労き裂の発生を抑制し、或いは発生したき裂の伝播を遅延させるためには、HAZミクロ組織をフェライト主体組織とすることが効果的である。HAZミクロ組織をフェライト主体とするためにはHAZ焼入れ性を低下させる事が必要である。このために、HAZ焼入れ性を表す指標である炭素当量の値を限界値以下に限定する必要がある。ここで、HAZのフェライト面積率を最も正確に表す炭素当量式を検討した結果、一般に使用されているIIWの炭素当量式にNbの焼入れ性上昇効果を考慮した次式、
Ceq(%)=C+Mn/6+(Cu+Ni)/15+(Cr+Mo+V)/5+Nb/3
を用いれば良いことが明らかとなった。
【0018】
図3は実験室真空溶解鋼再現HAZのフェライト面積率を上記の炭素当量に対してプロットしたものである。同図から明らかなことは、まずHAZフェライト面積率は炭素当量と良い相関を示し、炭素当量値が低いほどHAZフェライト面積率が上昇する。しかし、同一の炭素当量値で比較すると、Siを1.0%以上添加した鋼はフェライト面積率が上昇し、さらにAlを0.5%添加した鋼はさらにフェライト面積率が上昇することが明らかとなった。図2の結果から、HAZ疲労強度向上にはHAZフェライト面積率を60%以上とすることが必要であるが、これを実現するためには、Si添加量が1.0%未満の鋼には上限の炭素当量を0.24%以下、Si添加量が1.0%以上の鋼では上限の炭素当量値を0.275%以下とすれば良いことがわかる。またAlを0.5%添加した鋼は上限の炭素当量値を0.295%以下とすれば良いことが分かる。
【0019】
図3の結果に基づきAl添加による上限の炭素当量値について検討した結果、0.1%≦Al≦1%の範囲において、Al添加量に応じて0.025×√Al(%)で引き上げることを見出した。それにより、Si添加量が1.0%未満の鋼では上限の炭素当量値を0.24%+0.03×√Al(%)以下、Si添加量が1.0%以上の鋼では上限の炭素当量値を0.275%+0.03×√Al(%)以下とすれば良いことが明らかとなった。
【0020】
Al、Siを添加することによる疲労限度比向上の理由は、▲1▼両元素はフェライト形成元素であるためHAZ組織のフェライト面積率を増加させることに加え、▲2▼固溶強化により疲労繰り返し中の転位運動に対する抵抗力が上昇すること、さらに、▲3▼積層欠陥エネルギーの低下により交差すべりが生じ難くなり、繰り返し塑性変形の可逆性が高まることにより、非可逆塑性変形によって蓄積される歪みが増加し難くなるためであると考えられる。このような、Al、Siの効果は溶接部疲労強度向上だけでなく、フェライト主体組織である母材の疲労強度向上にも効果を発揮する。
【0021】
実溶接継手のHAZで応力集中が高い領域は溶接溶融合線から1.0mm以内の範囲であり、疲労き裂が発生するのはこの領域内である。従って、溶接融合線から1.0mm以内のHAZにおいてフェライト面積率を60%以上とすることが重要である。上記の検討結果から明らかなように、本発明の骨子はHAZミクロ組織をフェライト主体とすることによりHAZの疲労破壊感受性を低め、溶接継手の疲労強度を向上させるものであり、これを実現するために上記で定義した炭素当量値をAl、Si添加量の範囲に応じて限定するものである。
【0022】
以上の基本思想に基づいて、各合金元素の範囲を限定した理由を以下に述べる。なお、以下の%は質量%を意味するものとする。
Cは、HAZの焼入れ性を上昇する元素であり、多量に添加するとベイナイトやマルテンサイト組織が生成しやすくなる。HAZのフェライト面積率を増加し、疲労強度を高めるにC量は低い方が望ましい。しかし、Cは母材の強度を上昇させる元素であり、母材強度上昇のためには多量に添加することが望ましい。C量が0.015%未満では母材強度を確保するのが困難であるため、下限を0.015%とした。逆に0.15%超ではHAZ焼入れ性が高くなりすぎてフェライト面積率が低下し、疲労強度を向上できない。さらに母材およびHAZの靭性や耐溶接割れ性を低下させるので、C量の上限を0.15%とした。母材強度と疲労強度のバランスを考慮すると、0.02〜0.09%のC量が最も望ましい。
【0023】
Siは、強度確保のほか脱酸元素として必須の元素である上に、上述の通り疲労強度向上に効果を発揮する添加元素である。Si量が0.01%未満では脱酸が不十分になり、介在物が増加し、母材の靱性や延性を低下させる。従って、Si量の下限量を0.01%とした。Si添加量が高いほどフェライトの強化とHAZフェライト面積率増加が顕著となり、疲労強度向上の目的のためには、Si添加量は1%以上添加することが望ましい。しかし、Si添加量が高いほどHAZの靱性は低下する。靱性低下はSi量が2%を超えると顕著となるため、Si量の上限値を2%とした。
【0024】
Mnは、強度を高めるために必須の元素であるが0.2%未満では母材強度を確保できないため、下限値を0.2%とした。一方、1.5%を超えて添加すると、HAZ焼入れ性が上昇し、HAZミクロ組織をフェライト主体とすることができない。従って、Mn量の上限値を1.5%とした。
Pは、鋼の靭性に影響を与える元素であり、0.03%を超えると母材だけでなくHAZの靭性を著しく阻害するので、極力少ないほうが良く、その量の上限値を0.03%とした。
Sは、Pと同様に低いほど好ましく、0.01%を超えるとMnS析出が顕著となり、母材のHAZ靭性を阻害し、板厚方向の延性も低下させる。さらに、MnS介在物が多量に存在すると、これが疲労き裂の起点となり疲労強度のばらつきの原因となる。そのためS量の上限値を0.01%とした。
【0025】
Alは脱酸、オーステナイト粒径の細粒化等に有効な元素である上に、上述の通り疲労強度向上に効果を発揮する添加元素である。疲労強度向上の目的のためにAl添加量は、0.1%を超えて添加する必要があり高いほど望ましい。しかし、1%を超えると疲労強度向上効果は飽和する上、HAZの靱性が低下するため、Al量の上限値を1%とした。
【0026】
Cuは、靭性を低下させずに強度の上昇に有効な元素であるが、0.1%未満では効果がない。2%を超えるとHAZ焼入れ性が高くなり、フェライト主体組織とすることができないし、鋼片加熱時や溶接時に割れを生じやすくするので、Cu量の上限値を2%とした。
【0027】
Niは、靭性および強度の改善に有効な元素であり、その効果を得るためには0.1%以上の添加が必要である。2.0%を超えるとHAZ焼入れ性が高くなり、フェライト主体組織とすることができなくなって疲労強度を低下させるので、Ni量の上限値を2.0%とした。
【0028】
Crは、焼入れ性を高めて強度を確保する上で0.05%以上必要である。一方、1%を超えるとNiと同様の理由で好ましくないため、Cr量の上限値を1%とした。
Moは、焼入れ性向上、強度向上、耐焼戻し脆化、再結晶抑制に有効な元素であり、その効果を得るためには0.02%以上の添加が必要である。1%を超えるフェライト主体組織とすることができなくなって疲労強度を低下させ、さらに母材靭性および溶接性が劣化するので、Mo量の上限値を1%とした。
【0029】
Nbは炭窒化物を形成して母材の強度向上と細粒化に効果がある。圧延・冷却後に焼戻し熱処理を実施する場合には、微細Nb炭窒化物を析出させて、さらに、強度の向上が図れる。Nb量が0.005%未満ではこの効果が顕著でないので下限値を0.005%とした。逆に、0.08%超をえて添加すると、HAZ焼入れ性が高くなりすぎてフェライト面積率を60%以上とすることができなくなるので、Nb量の上限値を0.08%とした。
Vは炭窒化物を形成して母材の強度向上と細粒化に効果がある。圧延・冷却後に焼戻し熱処理を実施する場合には、微細V炭窒化物を析出させて、さらに、強度の向上が図れる。V量が0.005%未満ではこの効果が顕著でないので下限値を0.005%とした。逆に、0.1%超添加すると、HAZ焼入れ性が高くなりすぎてフェライト面積率を60%以上とすることができなくなるので、V量の上限値を0.1%とした。
【0030】
Tiは、析出強化により母材強度向上に寄与するとともに、高温でも安定なTiNの形成により加熱オーステナイト粒径微細化にも有効な元素である。また、後述するように、HAZ靭性向上に必要なMgO、Mg含有酸化物の微細分散に寄与する。効果を発揮するためには0.001%以上含有する必要がある。一方、0.05%を超えると、粗大な酸化物を形成して延性を極端に劣化させるとともに疲労き裂の起点の原因となるため、Ti量の上限値を0.05%とした。
Nは、AlやTiと化合してオーステナイト粒微細化に有効に働くため、微量であれば機械的性質向上に寄与する。また、工業的に鋼中のNを完全に除去することは不可能であり、必要以上に低減することは製造工程に過大な負荷をかけるため好ましくない。そのため工業的に制御が可能で、製造工程への負荷が許容できる範囲として下限を0.001%とする。過剰に含有すると、固溶Nが増加し、延性や靭性に悪影響を及ぼす可能性があるため、許容できる範囲としてN量の上限値を0.008%とした。
【0031】
次に、延性の向上、HAZ靭性の向上のために、必要に応じて、Mg、Ca、REMの1種または2種以上を含有することができる。
Mgは、0.0001%未満の添加では、粒内変態およびオーステナイト粒微細化のためのピニング粒子として必要な酸化物の生成が十分に期待できなくなるため下限値を0.0001%とした。0.01%を超えると、粗大な酸化物が生成しやすくなり、母材およびHAZ靭性の低下をもたらすため、Mg量の上限値を0.01%とした。
Ca、REMはいずれも硫化物の熱間圧延中の展伸を抑制して延性特性向上に有効である。酸化物を微細化させてHAZ靭性の向上にも有効に働く。Ca、REMともに0.0005%未満では、この効果が得られないので下限値を0.0005%とした。逆に、0.005%を超えると、Ca、REMの酸化物個数が増加し、超微細なMg含有酸化物の個数が低下する、あるいは硫化物や酸化物の粗大化を生じ、延性、靭性の劣化を招くため、その上限値を0.005%とした。
【0032】
次に、製造条件を限定した理由について述べる。本発明は溶接部の靱性を確保しつつ溶接部疲労強度に優れた軟鋼から引張強さが590MPa 級の溶接構造用厚鋼板を提供するものである。
上記引張強さを有する軟鋼及び590MPa 級の溶接構造用厚鋼板を製造しようとする場合、常法の熱間圧延法を採用することは可能であるが、上記で定義した炭素当量値が低い場合や、板厚が大きい場合には、常法の熱間圧延法では必要とする強度が得られない場合がある。このような場合には、制御圧延法、制御圧延・加速冷却法により母材強度を上昇させることができる。
【0033】
常法の熱間圧延・制御圧延ともに、圧延に先立ち、鋼塊を100%オーステナイト化する必要があり、このため鋼塊をAc3 点以上に加熱する必要がある。しかし、1250℃を超えて加熱するとオーステナイト粒が粗大化するため圧延後微細粒が得られなくなるので、加熱温度は1250℃以下とすることが必要である。
【0034】
鋼塊の加熱によりオーステナイト粒は粗大化するので、常法の熱間圧延・制御圧延法ともに、再結晶温度域で圧延することによりオーステナイト粒径を小さくすることが必要である。制御圧延法を用いて強度上昇と靱性向上を図る場合には、さらに未再結晶温度域で圧延することによりオーステナイト粒内に変形帯を導入し、フェライト生成核を増加させることが有効である。未再結晶温度域での累積圧下率が40%未満では変形帯が十分形成されないので、未再結晶温度域での累積圧下率の下限を40%とした。しかし、累積圧下率が90%を超えると、母材シャルピー試験における上部棚衝撃値の低下が著しくなり、低サイクル疲労特性が低下するので、未再結晶温度域での累積圧下率の上限を90%とした。
【0035】
仕上げ圧延温度に関する限定は特に必要ではなく、Ar3 点以上で圧延を終了しても良いし、Ar3 点以下においてフェライトとオーステナイトの共存域、或いはフェライト域で圧延しても差し支えない。圧延後、自然空冷する場合にはオーステナイト粒界と粒内変形帯よりフェライトが生成し、未再結晶温度域での圧延がない常法圧延に比べて細粒フェライトを得ることができ、母材強度の上昇と靱性向上が達成できる。
【0036】
自然空冷よりさらに強度を上昇させるためには加速冷却が必要である。冷却速度1℃/sec未満では、過冷度が小さいために変態後のフェライトの微細化が不十分であると同時に変態中のCの拡散が容易なためフェライト中のC濃度が低下し、十分な強度を得ることができない。逆に冷却速度が60℃/sec超ではベイナイト組織が生成するために母材の靱性が低下する。従って、冷却速度を1〜60℃/secに限定した。母材の強度と靱性のバランスを考慮すると、5〜30℃/secの範囲とすることが望ましい。
【0037】
本発明においては母材の強度を得るために変態が終了するまで加速冷却を継続する必要がある。このため、冷却停止温度の上限を600℃とした。600℃超の停止温度では変態が終了しないために、十分な強度が得られない。通常、加速冷却は水を冷媒として用いる。この場合、実際上の冷却停止温度の下限は0℃となるので、下限を0℃とした。
【0038】
圧延・冷却に引き続き実施する焼戻し熱処理は、回復による母材組織の靱性向上を目的としたものであるから、加熱温度は逆変態が生じない温度域であるAc1 点以下でなければならない。回復は転位の消滅・合体により格子欠陥密度を減少させるものであり、これを実現するためには300℃以上に加熱する事が必要である。このため、加熱温度の下限を300℃とした。また、上述したように、Cu,Mo,Nb,Vの析出元素を含有する場合には、熱処理により微細析出物を生成させることにより母材強度を向上させることができる。この効果は炭素当量値が低い本発明鋼の母材強度向上に極めて効果を発揮するもである。析出効果を最も有効に発揮するための加熱温度は析出効果元素に依存するが、概ね500〜650℃の範囲である。圧延後冷却の停止温度が600℃以下の範囲で比較的高温の場合には自己焼戻しを期待できるため、この焼戻し熱処理を省略することも可能である。
【0039】
【実施例】
以下に、本発明の実施例を述べる。
連続鋳造により製造したスラブから板厚が20〜40mmの鋼板を製造した。表1に、化学成分を示す。鋼1〜22が本発明鋼、鋼23〜32が比較鋼である。
表2に、鋼板の製造条件と引張特性を示す。
本発明鋼1〜3、比較鋼23、24は本発明請求項10に示した制御圧延法で製造し、本発明鋼8〜11、15〜22、及び比較鋼29、32は請求項11または12に示した制御圧延・制御冷却法で製造した。他の鋼板は常法の熱間圧延法により製造した。加熱温度は全ての鋼でAc3 変態点以上である。また、制御圧延・制御冷却後に焼戻し熱処理を実施した鋼の焼戻し温度は全て600℃以下で、Ac1 変態点以下である。これより本発明鋼において軟鋼〜590MPa の強度が確認された。
【0040】
これら供試鋼を用いてT字隅肉溶接継手を作成した。表4に溶接条件を示す。
溶接継手の疲労強度は板厚依存性を示す。板厚依存性を取り除くために、板厚が20mm超の鋼板は裏面を切削して20mm厚としてから溶接を実施した。図4にT字隅肉溶接継手から作成した3点曲げ疲労試験片形状を示す。繰返し最大荷重と最小荷重の比が0.1の条件で疲労試験を実施した。
【0041】
表3に疲労試験結果を示す。溶接継手疲労強度は106 回疲労強度、および疲労限を指標として比較した。これにより、HAZ組織がフェライト60%超からなる引張強さ390〜590MPa 級高張力溶接構造用鋼板において、本発明鋼は比較鋼の溶接継手疲労強度より向上することが確認された。
なお、比較鋼23〜26の疲労強度が比較的高いのはCeqが本発明の範囲内にあるためであり、同程度のCeqを示す本発明鋼1〜4は、比較鋼23〜26より格段に向上していることが確認された。
【0042】
【表1】
【0043】
【表2】
【0044】
【表3】
【0045】
【表4】
【0046】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明はHAZミクロ組織をフェライト主体組織となるように制御することにより、付加的溶接による応力集中低減などによらずに溶接継手の疲労強度向上を図ることが可能であり、本発明により溶接構造物の疲労破壊に対する信頼性を向上することが可能である。したがって、本発明の産業上の価値は極めて高いといえる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】切欠き付き再現HAZ材の疲労試験における疲労限度比の引張強度及びミクロ組織依存性を示す図である。
【図2】切欠き付き再現HAZ材の疲労試験における疲労限度比のフェライト面積率依存性を示す図である。
【図3】再現HAZ材のフェライト面積率の炭素当量依存性を示す図である。
【図4】T字隅肉溶接継手疲労試験片の形状を示す図である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is for a welded structure excellent in fatigue characteristics of welded parts used for welded structural members such as buildings, shipbuilding, bridges, construction machines, offshore structures where both toughness and fatigue strength of the welded parts are required. The present invention relates to mild steel and high-tensile steel having a tensile strength of 590 MPa, and more particularly to a thick steel plate for welded structure excellent in fatigue strength of a welded joint and a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
With the increase in the size of welded structures and the demand for environmental protection, the structural members have been required to have increased reliability. Fracture modes assumed for welded structures include fatigue failure, brittle failure, and ductile failure. Of these, the most frequent failure modes are fatigue failure from initial defects, brittle failure, and fatigue failure. Followed by brittle fracture. There are many cases where fatigue failure has become a problem, such as the occurrence of fatigue cracks in recent bridges and large tankers, and collapses starting from fatigue cracks in offshore structures.
[0003]
These types of destruction are difficult to prevent by structural considerations alone and often cause sudden collapse of the structure, which is most necessary from the viewpoint of ensuring the safety of the structure. It is a destructive form. With the increase in size of structures, demands for steel materials to be used are also increasing. In particular, it becomes more difficult to ensure toughness and fatigue strength in welded structures.
[0004]
Many techniques for improving fatigue strength have been proposed so far, most of which are related to improving the fatigue strength of a base material of a thin steel plate or a spot weld. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-96057 describes that fatigue strength can be improved by setting the area ratio of bainite to 5 to 60%. According to research on fatigue fracture of thick steel plate welded joints, fatigue cracks occur in the stress-concentrated part of the weld. Since residual stress also acts on this part, it has been clarified that fatigue cracks are easily generated by the superimposed action of stress concentration and residual stress.
[0005]
In addition, a great deal of research has been done on the fatigue strength controlling factor and fatigue strength improvement of welded parts, but the improvement of weld fatigue strength is achieved by grinding the toe shape by grinding and grinding the final layer of the weld bead. Most of the improvements were due to mechanical factors such as the reduction of stress concentration due to the improvement of the weld toe shape such as (for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 59-110490 and 1-301823). Moreover, the residual stress reduction effect by heat treatment after welding is also well known.
[0006]
As a result of conducting a systematic experiment on the microstructure dependence of fatigue deterioration and propagation of welds, JP-A-8-73983 discloses the most effective generation and propagation of fatigue cracks. It is clear that the suppressed HAZ structure is ferrite. That is, it is disclosed that the fatigue strength of the weld is improved by limiting the carbon equivalent value (hereinafter referred to as Ceq) and increasing the HAZ ferrite structure fraction.
[0007]
However, in the invention described in JP-A-61-96057, the fatigue strength is improved by limiting the bainite area ratio of the base material to a specific range, which relates to the improvement of the fatigue strength of the thin steel plate base material. Therefore, the present invention is not effective in improving the fatigue strength of a welded joint in butt welding of thick steel plates or fillet welding.
In the inventions described in JP-A-59-110490 and JP-A-1-301823, it is necessary to carry out special construction after welding, and the fatigue strength cannot be improved as it is.
Furthermore, in the invention described in JP-A-8-73983, the fatigue strength of the weld is improved by limiting the Ceq value and increasing the HAZ ferrite fraction by adding Si, but further improvement in fatigue strength is necessary. In addition, the target is up to a 500 MPa class high-tensile steel plate, and no consideration is given to a high-tensile steel plate beyond that.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention is not intended to improve fatigue strength by an additional welding method for reducing stress concentration or reducing welding residual stress. It is an object of the present invention to provide a thick steel plate for welded structure which is excellent in fatigue strength of a welded joint in a high strength steel having a strength of 590 MPa class, and a method for producing the same.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of detailed investigations to improve the fatigue strength of welds from mild steel sheets for welded structures to 590 MPa class high-tensile steel sheets, the inventors limited the Si content and the Al content to achieve this, and further increased the Al content. Accordingly, it has been found that this can be achieved by increasing the HAZ ferrite fraction by limiting the upper limit of Ceq.
[0010]
The present invention has been completed based on such knowledge, and the gist thereof is as follows.
(1) By mass%, C: 0.015-0.15%, Si: 0.01% or more and less than 1%, Mn: 0.2-1.5%, P: 0.03% or less, S: 0.01% or less, Al: more than 0.1%, 1% or less , N: 0.001 to 0.008%, consisting of the balance Fe and inevitable impurities, Ceq ≦ 0.24 + 0.03 × √Al A thick steel plate for welded structure having excellent fatigue strength of a welded joint.
However, Ceq = C + Mn / 6 + (Cu + Ni) / 15 + (Cr + Mo + V) / 5
+ Nb / 3
(2) By mass%, C: 0.015-0.15%, Si: 1-2%, Mn: 0.2-1.5%, P: 0.03% or less, S: 0.01% Hereinafter, Al: more than 0.1% and 1% or less , N: 0.001 to 0.008 % , the balance consisting of Fe and inevitable impurities, and satisfying Ceq ≦ 0.275 + 0.03 × √Al A thick steel plate for welded structures with excellent fatigue strength of the welded joint.
However, Ceq = C + Mn / 6 + (Cu + Ni) / 15 + (Cr + Mo + V) / 5
+ Nb / 3
(3) The thick steel plate for welded structure having excellent fatigue strength of the welded joint according to (1) or (2), further comprising Cu: 0.1 to 2% by mass.
(4) The welded structure having excellent fatigue strength of the welded joint according to any one of (1) to (3), further containing Ni: 0.1 to 2% by mass Thick steel plate.
(5) Any one of (1) to (4) above, further comprising, by mass, one or two of Cr: 0.05 to 1% and Mo: 0.02 to 1% A thick steel plate for welded structure having excellent fatigue strength of the welded joint according to claim 1.
(6) Said (1) thru | or (1) thru | or which further contains 1 type or 2 types of Nb: 0.005-0.08% and V: 0.005-0.1% by the mass%. 5) A thick steel plate for welded structure excellent in fatigue strength of the welded joint according to any one of 5).
(7) Welding excellent in fatigue strength of the welded joint according to any one of (1) to (6), further comprising Ti: 0.001 to 0.05 % by mass Structural steel plate.
(8) By mass%, Mg: 0.0001 to 0.01%, Ca: 0.0005 to 0.005%, REM: 0.0005 to 0.005% A thick steel plate for welded structure having excellent fatigue strength of the welded joint according to any one of (1) to (7).
(9) In the production of the steel sheet according to any one of (1) to (8), the steel ingot is heated to Ac 3 points or more and 1250 ° C. or less, and then hot-rolled in a recrystallization temperature range, and then naturally cooled. A method for producing a thick steel plate for welded structure having excellent fatigue strength of a welded joint.
(10) Following the hot rolling in the recrystallization temperature range, the hot rolling of 40 to 90% in terms of cumulative reduction in the non-recrystallization temperature range is performed. A method for producing a welded structural steel plate with excellent fatigue strength.
(11) In the production of the steel plate according to any one of (1) to (8), the steel ingot is heated to Ac 3 point or higher and 1250 ° C. or lower, and then hot-rolled in a recrystallization temperature range, and then not re-started Excellent hot fatigue strength of welded joints, characterized by hot rolling at a cumulative rolling reduction of 40-90% in the crystallization temperature range and then cooling to a temperature of 600 ° C. or less at a cooling rate of 1-60 ° C./sec. A method for manufacturing a thick steel plate for welded structures.
(12) The method for producing a thick steel plate for welded structure having excellent fatigue strength of the welded joint according to (11), further comprising heating to 300 ° C. to Ac one point after cooling and performing tempering heat treatment.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention will be described in detail.
First, the improvement of the fatigue strength of the welded joint which is the gist of the present invention will be described.
The inventors have observed in detail microscopically the state of crack initiation and propagation of the fatigue test piece of the welded joint. As a result, most fatigue cracks occur at the boundary between the weld metal and the HAZ (heat affected zone), that is, near the weld fusion line, propagate in the HAZ, and then enter the base material to form the entire specimen. I found out that it would lead to destruction.
The crack is generated from the vicinity of the weld fusion line because the vicinity of the weld fusion line coincides with the weld toe portion, and the stress concentration is highest in this portion. As described above, since the fatigue crack is generated near the weld fusion line and propagates in the HAZ, it has been clarified that the fatigue strength greatly affects the microstructure of the HAZ.
[0012]
As described above, the fatigue crack generation part is in the vicinity of the weld fusion line, and further in the HAZ at the initial stage of crack propagation. These regions coincide with the stress concentration portion. By reproducing both the HAZ microstructure and the stress concentration factor, it is possible to investigate the influence of the HAZ microstructure on the fatigue strength. Therefore, a test piece provided with a stress concentration was processed from a steel material subjected to a reproducible welding heat cycle, and subjected to a fatigue test to determine the relationship between the HAZ microstructure and the fatigue strength. The external dimensions of the test piece were 10 × 10 × 55 mm, the notch depth was 2 mm, the notch tip radius was 0.75 mm, the distance between the fulcrums was 40 mm, and a three-point bending repeated load was applied to cause fatigue failure. The stress concentration factor is 2.6.
[0013]
Fig. 1 shows a welding reproducible heat cycle with a maximum heating temperature of 1400 ° C and a cooling time of 800 to 500 ° C of 1 to 30 seconds, using a laboratory vacuum melting steel having a tensile strength of up to 590 MPa from mild steel. 2 shows the dependence of the fatigue limit ratio (fatigue limit / reproduced HAZ material tensile strength) on the reproduced HAZ material on the tensile strength of the reproduced HAZ material.
As is clear from this figure, the fatigue limit ratio greatly depends on the HAZ microstructure, and increases in the order of martensite, lower bainite, lower bainite + upper bainite mixed structure, upper bainite, and ferrite. That is, in a fatigue test having a stress concentration, the HAZ structure has a higher fatigue limit ratio as the high-temperature transformation structure, and lower as the low-temperature transformation structure.
[0014]
The reason why fatigue strength depends on the microstructure is not completely elucidated in this way, but (1) the dislocation density introduced at the time of transformation is higher in the low temperature transformation structure, and this dislocation is rearranged when subjected to repeated stress. Therefore, dislocation strengthening does not contribute much to fatigue strength. (2) In the low temperature transformation structure, the strength of the lath interface of bainite or martensite or the prior austenite grain boundary is relatively lower than the strength of the intragranular structure, and fatigue cracks occur at the lath interface or the prior austenite grain boundary. It occurs easily. {Circle around (3)} In the ferrite structure, plastic deformation is prominent at the propagating crack tip, and the plastic absorption energy increases. As a result, crack propagation is delayed.
Possible reasons are: It is known that a smooth specimen having a low stress concentration has little microstructure dependence of fatigue strength, but rather has a high correlation with static tensile strength.
[0015]
Thus, the reproduced HAZ material fatigue strength is affected by the microstructure, and the increase in the fatigue limit ratio particularly in the ferrite main structure is a phenomenon that occurs specifically in the stress concentration portion, and the microstructure is the ferrite main structure. The effect of improving the fatigue strength due to this is particularly noticeable when stress concentration exists as in a welded joint.
Therefore, it is most desirable to make the HAZ microstructure a ferrite-based structure in terms of improving fatigue strength. However, making the HAZ microstructure into a 100% ferrite structure in a continuous cooling transformation that the HAZ continuously undergoes is particularly small and medium with a large cooling rate. It is difficult with heat input welding, and inevitably a structure such as bainite having a lower transformation temperature than ferrite is mixed. However, since the upper bainite has the highest fatigue limit ratio next to ferrite, it can be expected that even if the upper bainite is mixed in, the fatigue strength of the HAZ is not lowered so much.
[0016]
FIG. 2 is a plot of the fatigue limit ratio of the reproduced HAZ material versus the ferrite area ratio. As is apparent from the figure, (1) the fatigue limit ratio increases as the ferrite area ratio increases. Furthermore, if the ferrite area ratio is 60% or more, the fatigue limit ratio is remarkably increased. The improvement of the fatigue limit ratio is particularly remarkable when the ferrite area ratio is 60% or more. (2) When compared with the area ratio of the same ferrite, the steel with Si ≧ 1% and Al <0.1% added has a higher fatigue limit ratio than the steel with Si <1% and Al <0.1% added. . (3) When compared with the area ratio of the same ferrite, steel with Si ≧ 1% and 0.1% <Al ≦ 1% added is more fatigued than steel with Si ≧ 1% and Al <0.1% added. The limit ratio increases.
From this result, it is possible to improve the fatigue limit ratio by setting the ferrite area ratio of HAZ to 60% or more. Further, when Si is added 1% or more and 0.1% <Al ≦ 1% is added, the effect of improving the fatigue limit ratio is improved. Became clear.
[0017]
As mentioned above, mild steel for welded structures and high-strength steels with a tensile strength of 590 MPa class, which are used in general, have a high carbon equivalent value and high HAZ hardenability. The welded HAZ microstructure becomes a bainite martensite structure. For this reason, improvement in fatigue strength of HAZ cannot be expected. In order to reduce the sensitivity of HAZ to fatigue fracture, to suppress the occurrence of fatigue cracks even under stress concentration, or to delay the propagation of cracks generated, it is effective to make the HAZ microstructure a ferrite-based microstructure Is. In order to make the HAZ microstructure mainly composed of ferrite, it is necessary to lower the HAZ hardenability. For this reason, it is necessary to limit the value of the carbon equivalent which is an index showing the HAZ hardenability to a limit value or less. Here, as a result of examining the carbon equivalent formula that most accurately represents the ferrite area ratio of HAZ, the following formula considering the effect of increasing the hardenability of Nb in the commonly used IIW carbon equivalent formula,
Ceq (%) = C + Mn / 6 + (Cu + Ni) / 15 + (Cr + Mo + V) / 5 + Nb / 3
It became clear that it was good to use.
[0018]
FIG. 3 is a plot of the ferrite area ratio of the laboratory vacuum melting steel reproduction HAZ against the carbon equivalent. It is clear from the figure that the HAZ ferrite area ratio shows a good correlation with the carbon equivalent, and the HAZ ferrite area ratio increases as the carbon equivalent value decreases. However, when compared with the same carbon equivalent value, it is clear that the steel with 1.0% or more of Si increases the ferrite area ratio, and the steel with 0.5% Al further increases the ferrite area ratio. It became. From the results shown in FIG. 2, it is necessary to increase the HAZ ferrite area ratio to 60% or more in order to improve the HAZ fatigue strength. To achieve this, steel with an Si addition amount of less than 1.0% is required. It can be seen that the upper limit carbon equivalent value may be 0.275% or less for steels with an upper limit carbon equivalent of 0.24% or less and a Si addition amount of 1.0% or more. Further, it is understood that the steel added with 0.5% Al may have an upper limit carbon equivalent value of 0.295% or less.
[0019]
As a result of examining the upper limit carbon equivalent value due to the addition of Al based on the results of FIG. 3, in the range of 0.1% ≦ Al ≦ 1%, it is raised by 0.025 × √Al (%) depending on the amount of Al addition I found. Accordingly, the upper limit carbon equivalent value is 0.24% + 0.03 × √Al (%) or less for steel with an Si addition amount of less than 1.0%, and the upper limit for steel with an Si addition amount of 1.0% or more. It was revealed that the carbon equivalent value should be 0.275% + 0.03 × √Al (%) or less.
[0020]
Reasons for improving the fatigue limit ratio by adding Al and Si are: (1) Since both elements are ferrite forming elements, in addition to increasing the ferrite area ratio of the HAZ structure, (2) repeated fatigue due to solid solution strengthening 3) Distortion accumulated due to irreversible plastic deformation due to increased resistance to dislocation motion, and (3) cross slip is less likely to occur due to a decrease in stacking fault energy and reversibility of repeated plastic deformation is increased. This is thought to be because it is difficult to increase. Such effects of Al and Si are effective not only in improving the fatigue strength of the welded portion, but also in improving the fatigue strength of the base material that is a ferrite main structure.
[0021]
The region where the stress concentration is high in the HAZ of the actual welded joint is within 1.0 mm from the weld fusion line, and it is within this region that fatigue cracks occur. Therefore, it is important that the ferrite area ratio is 60% or more in the HAZ within 1.0 mm from the weld fusion line. As is clear from the above examination results, the main point of the present invention is to reduce the HAZ fatigue susceptibility and to improve the fatigue strength of the welded joint by making the HAZ microstructure mainly composed of ferrite, in order to realize this. The carbon equivalent value defined above is limited according to the range of the Al and Si addition amounts.
[0022]
The reason for limiting the range of each alloy element based on the above basic idea will be described below. In addition, the following% shall mean the mass%.
C is an element that increases the hardenability of HAZ, and when added in a large amount, bainite and martensite structure are easily generated. In order to increase the ferrite area ratio of HAZ and increase the fatigue strength, it is desirable that the C content is low. However, C is an element that increases the strength of the base material, and is desirably added in a large amount to increase the strength of the base material. If the C content is less than 0.015%, it is difficult to ensure the strength of the base material, so the lower limit was made 0.015%. On the other hand, if it exceeds 0.15%, the HAZ hardenability becomes too high, the ferrite area ratio decreases, and the fatigue strength cannot be improved. Furthermore, since the toughness and weld crack resistance of the base metal and HAZ are lowered, the upper limit of the C content is set to 0.15%. Considering the balance between the base metal strength and the fatigue strength, a C content of 0.02 to 0.09% is most desirable.
[0023]
In addition to ensuring strength, Si is an essential element as a deoxidizing element, and is an additive element that exhibits an effect on improving fatigue strength as described above. If the amount of Si is less than 0.01%, deoxidation becomes insufficient, inclusions increase, and the toughness and ductility of the base material decrease. Therefore, the lower limit of the Si amount is set to 0.01%. The higher the amount of Si added, the more remarkable the strengthening of ferrite and the increase in the HAZ ferrite area ratio. For the purpose of improving fatigue strength, it is desirable to add 1% or more of Si. However, the toughness of the HAZ decreases as the Si addition amount increases. The decrease in toughness becomes significant when the Si content exceeds 2%, so the upper limit of the Si content was set to 2%.
[0024]
Mn is an essential element for increasing the strength, but if it is less than 0.2%, the strength of the base material cannot be secured, so the lower limit was set to 0.2%. On the other hand, if it exceeds 1.5%, the HAZ hardenability is increased, and the HAZ microstructure cannot be mainly composed of ferrite. Therefore, the upper limit of the amount of Mn is set to 1.5%.
P is an element that affects the toughness of steel. If it exceeds 0.03%, not only the base metal but also the toughness of HAZ is significantly inhibited, so it is better to reduce the amount as much as possible, and the upper limit of the amount is 0.03%. It was.
S is preferably as low as P, and when it exceeds 0.01%, MnS precipitation becomes remarkable, which inhibits the HAZ toughness of the base material and also reduces the ductility in the thickness direction. Further, when a large amount of MnS inclusions are present, this becomes a starting point for fatigue cracks and causes variations in fatigue strength. Therefore, the upper limit of the amount of S is set to 0.01%.
[0025]
Al is an element effective for deoxidation, austenite grain size reduction, and the like, and is an additive element that exhibits an effect on improving fatigue strength as described above. For the purpose of improving fatigue strength, the amount of Al added needs to exceed 0.1% and is preferably as high as possible. However, if it exceeds 1%, the fatigue strength improving effect is saturated, and the toughness of HAZ is lowered. Therefore, the upper limit of the Al amount is set to 1%.
[0026]
Cu is an element effective for increasing the strength without reducing toughness, but it is ineffective at less than 0.1%. If it exceeds 2%, the HAZ hardenability becomes high, and a ferrite main structure cannot be obtained, and cracking is likely to occur during heating of the steel slab or during welding. Therefore, the upper limit of the Cu amount is set to 2%.
[0027]
Ni is an element effective for improving toughness and strength, and in order to obtain the effect, addition of 0.1% or more is necessary. If it exceeds 2.0%, the HAZ hardenability becomes high and it becomes impossible to obtain a ferrite main structure, and the fatigue strength is lowered. Therefore, the upper limit of the Ni amount is set to 2.0%.
[0028]
Cr is required to be 0.05% or more in order to enhance the hardenability and ensure the strength. On the other hand, if it exceeds 1%, it is not preferable for the same reason as Ni, so the upper limit of the Cr amount was set to 1%.
Mo is an element effective in improving hardenability, improving strength, tempering embrittlement resistance, and suppressing recrystallization. In order to obtain the effect, it is necessary to add 0.02% or more. Since the ferrite main structure exceeding 1% cannot be obtained, the fatigue strength is lowered, and further, the base metal toughness and weldability are deteriorated. Therefore, the upper limit of the Mo amount is set to 1%.
[0029]
Nb forms carbonitrides and is effective in improving the strength and fineness of the base material. When tempering heat treatment is performed after rolling and cooling, fine Nb carbonitride is precipitated, and the strength can be further improved. If the Nb content is less than 0.005%, this effect is not remarkable, so the lower limit is set to 0.005%. On the other hand, if added over 0.08%, the HAZ hardenability becomes too high and the ferrite area ratio cannot be made 60% or more, so the upper limit of the Nb amount was set to 0.08%.
V forms carbonitrides and is effective in improving the strength and fineness of the base material. When tempering heat treatment is performed after rolling and cooling, fine V carbonitrides are precipitated, and the strength can be further improved. Since this effect is not remarkable when the amount of V is less than 0.005%, the lower limit is set to 0.005%. On the other hand, if added over 0.1%, the HAZ hardenability becomes too high and the ferrite area ratio cannot be made 60% or more, so the upper limit of the V amount was set to 0.1%.
[0030]
Ti is an element that contributes to improving the strength of the base metal by precipitation strengthening and is effective for refining the grain size of heated austenite by forming TiN that is stable even at high temperatures. Further, as will be described later, it contributes to fine dispersion of MgO and Mg-containing oxides necessary for improving the HAZ toughness. In order to exhibit an effect, it is necessary to contain 0.001% or more. On the other hand, if it exceeds 0.05%, a coarse oxide is formed, the ductility is extremely deteriorated and the origin of fatigue cracks is caused. Therefore, the upper limit of the Ti amount is set to 0.05%.
Since N combines with Al and Ti and effectively works to refine the austenite grains, it contributes to the improvement of the mechanical properties if the amount is small. Further, it is impossible to remove N in steel completely industrially, and reducing it more than necessary is not preferable because it places an excessive load on the manufacturing process. Therefore, the lower limit is set to 0.001% as a range that can be industrially controlled and the load on the manufacturing process can be tolerated. If excessively contained, solid solution N increases, which may adversely affect ductility and toughness. Therefore, the upper limit of the N content is set to 0.008% as an acceptable range.
[0031]
Next, in order to improve ductility and HAZ toughness, one or more of Mg, Ca, and REM can be contained as necessary.
When Mg is added in an amount of less than 0.0001%, the formation of oxides necessary as pinning particles for intragranular transformation and austenite grain refinement cannot be sufficiently expected, so the lower limit was made 0.0001%. If it exceeds 0.01%, a coarse oxide is likely to be generated, and the base material and the HAZ toughness are lowered. Therefore, the upper limit of the Mg amount is set to 0.01%.
Both Ca and REM are effective in improving ductility characteristics by suppressing extension during hot rolling of sulfides. Effectively improves the HAZ toughness by refining oxides. If both Ca and REM are less than 0.0005%, this effect cannot be obtained, so the lower limit was set to 0.0005%. Conversely, if it exceeds 0.005%, the number of Ca and REM oxides increases, the number of ultrafine Mg-containing oxides decreases, or sulfides and oxides become coarse, resulting in ductility and toughness. Therefore, the upper limit is set to 0.005%.
[0032]
Next, the reason for limiting the manufacturing conditions will be described. The present invention provides a thick steel plate for welded structure having a tensile strength of 590 MPa from mild steel excellent in weld zone fatigue strength while ensuring toughness of the weld zone.
When trying to manufacture mild steel having the above tensile strength and 590 MPa class thick steel plate for welded structure, it is possible to adopt the conventional hot rolling method, but the carbon equivalent value defined above is low In addition, when the plate thickness is large, the required strength may not be obtained by a conventional hot rolling method. In such a case, the base material strength can be increased by the controlled rolling method, the controlled rolling / accelerated cooling method.
[0033]
In both conventional hot rolling and controlled rolling, it is necessary to make the
[0034]
Since the austenite grains become coarse due to the heating of the steel ingot, it is necessary to reduce the austenite grain size by rolling in the recrystallization temperature range in both the conventional hot rolling and controlled rolling methods. In order to increase the strength and improve the toughness using the controlled rolling method, it is effective to introduce a deformation band in the austenite grains by rolling in an unrecrystallized temperature region to increase the ferrite nuclei. If the cumulative rolling reduction in the non-recrystallization temperature range is less than 40%, the deformation band is not sufficiently formed. Therefore, the lower limit of the cumulative rolling reduction in the non-recrystallization temperature range is set to 40%. However, if the cumulative rolling reduction exceeds 90%, the upper shelf impact value in the base metal Charpy test is significantly reduced and the low cycle fatigue characteristics are lowered. Therefore, the upper limit of the cumulative rolling reduction in the non-recrystallization temperature range is 90%. %.
[0035]
There is no particular limitation on the finish rolling temperature. The rolling may be finished at an Ar 3 point or more, and may be rolled in a coexistence region of ferrite and austenite or an ferrite region at an Ar 3 point or less. After rolling, when natural air cooling is performed, ferrite is generated from the austenite grain boundaries and intragranular deformation bands, and finer ferrite can be obtained compared to conventional rolling without rolling in the non-recrystallization temperature range. Increased strength and improved toughness can be achieved.
[0036]
Accelerated cooling is required to increase the strength further than natural air cooling. If the cooling rate is less than 1 ° C./sec, the degree of supercooling is small, so that the ferrite after transformation is not sufficiently refined, and at the same time, the diffusion of C during transformation is easy, so the C concentration in the ferrite is lowered and sufficient. Can not get a good strength. On the contrary, when the cooling rate exceeds 60 ° C./sec, the toughness of the base material decreases because a bainite structure is generated. Therefore, the cooling rate was limited to 1-60 ° C./sec. Considering the balance between the strength and toughness of the base material, it is desirable to set it in the range of 5 to 30 ° C./sec.
[0037]
In the present invention, it is necessary to continue accelerated cooling until the transformation is completed in order to obtain the strength of the base material. For this reason, the upper limit of the cooling stop temperature was set to 600 ° C. Since the transformation does not end at a stop temperature exceeding 600 ° C., sufficient strength cannot be obtained. Usually, accelerated cooling uses water as a refrigerant. In this case, since the lower limit of the actual cooling stop temperature is 0 ° C., the lower limit is set to 0 ° C.
[0038]
The tempering heat treatment carried out after rolling and cooling is intended to improve the toughness of the base metal structure by recovery, and therefore the heating temperature must be not more than Ac 1 point which is a temperature range in which reverse transformation does not occur. Recovery is to reduce the lattice defect density by the disappearance and coalescence of dislocations. In order to realize this, heating to 300 ° C. or higher is necessary. For this reason, the minimum of heating temperature was 300 degreeC. Further, as described above, in the case where Cu, Mo, Nb, and V precipitation elements are contained, the base material strength can be improved by generating fine precipitates by heat treatment. This effect is extremely effective in improving the strength of the base material of the steel of the present invention having a low carbon equivalent value. The heating temperature for exhibiting the precipitation effect most effectively depends on the precipitation effect element, but is generally in the range of 500 to 650 ° C. Since the self-tempering can be expected when the cooling stop temperature after rolling is relatively high within the range of 600 ° C. or lower, this tempering heat treatment can be omitted.
[0039]
【Example】
Examples of the present invention will be described below.
A steel plate having a thickness of 20 to 40 mm was produced from a slab produced by continuous casting. Table 1 shows chemical components. Steels 1 to 22 are invention steels, and steels 23 to 32 are comparative steels.
Table 2 shows the manufacturing conditions and tensile properties of the steel sheet.
Invention steels 1 to 3 and comparative steels 23 and 24 are manufactured by the controlled rolling method shown in claim 10 of the present invention, and steels of the
[0040]
T-shaped fillet welded joints were created using these test steels. Table 4 shows the welding conditions.
The fatigue strength of welded joints is dependent on the plate thickness. In order to remove the dependence on the plate thickness, the steel plate having a plate thickness of more than 20 mm was welded after the back surface was cut to a thickness of 20 mm. FIG. 4 shows the shape of a three-point bending fatigue test piece created from a T-shaped fillet welded joint. A fatigue test was performed under the condition that the ratio of the maximum load to the minimum load was 0.1.
[0041]
Table 3 shows the fatigue test results. The fatigue strength of welded joints was compared using 10 6 times fatigue strength and fatigue limit as indices. As a result, it was confirmed that the steel according to the present invention improves the fatigue strength of the welded joint of the comparative steel in the high strength welded structural steel sheet with a tensile strength of 390 to 590 MPa, the HAZ structure of which exceeds 60% ferrite.
The comparative steels 23 to 26 have comparatively high fatigue strength because Ceq is within the scope of the present invention, and the present invention steels 1 to 4 exhibiting the same degree of Ceq are markedly higher than the comparative steels 23 to 26. It has been confirmed that
[0042]
[Table 1]
[0043]
[Table 2]
[0044]
[Table 3]
[0045]
[Table 4]
[0046]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the present invention can improve the fatigue strength of a welded joint by controlling the HAZ microstructure to be a ferrite-based structure, without reducing stress concentration due to additional welding. According to the present invention, it is possible to improve the reliability of a welded structure against fatigue failure. Therefore, it can be said that the industrial value of the present invention is extremely high.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the tensile strength and microstructure dependence of a fatigue limit ratio in a fatigue test of a notched reproduced HAZ material.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the dependence of the fatigue limit ratio on the ferrite area ratio in a fatigue test of a notched reproduced HAZ material.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the carbon equivalent dependence of the ferrite area ratio of a reproduced HAZ material.
FIG. 4 is a view showing the shape of a T-shaped fillet welded joint fatigue test piece.
Claims (12)
C :0.015〜0.15%、
Si:0.01%以上1%未満、
Mn:0.2〜1.5%、
P :0.03%以下、
S :0.01%以下、
Al:0.1%超1%以下、
N :0.001〜0.008%を含有し、残部Feおよび不可避的不純物よりなり、
Ceq≦0.24+0.03×√Alを満たすことを特徴とする溶接継手の疲労強度に優れた溶接構造用厚鋼板。
ただし、Ceq=C+Mn/6+(Cu+Ni)/15+(Cr+Mo+V)/5
+Nb/3% By mass
C: 0.015-0.15%,
Si: 0.01% or more and less than 1%,
Mn: 0.2 to 1.5%
P: 0.03% or less,
S: 0.01% or less,
Al: more than 0.1% and 1% or less ,
N: 0.001 to 0.008% containing, balance Fe and inevitable impurities,
A thick steel plate for welded structure excellent in fatigue strength of a welded joint characterized by satisfying Ceq ≦ 0.24 + 0.03 × √Al.
However, Ceq = C + Mn / 6 + (Cu + Ni) / 15 + (Cr + Mo + V) / 5
+ Nb / 3
C :0.015〜0.15%、
Si:1〜2%、
Mn:0.2〜1.5%、
P :0.03%以下、
S :0.01%以下、
Al:0.1%超1%以下、
N :0.001〜0.008%を含有し、残部Feおよび不可避的不純物よりなり、
Ceq≦0.275+0.03×√Alを満たすことを特徴とする溶接継手の疲労強度に優れた溶接構造用厚鋼板。
ただし、Ceq=C+Mn/6+(Cu+Ni)/15+(Cr+Mo+V)/5
+Nb/3% By mass
C: 0.015-0.15%,
Si: 1-2%
Mn: 0.2 to 1.5%
P: 0.03% or less,
S: 0.01% or less,
Al: more than 0.1% and 1% or less ,
N: 0.001 to 0.008% containing, balance Fe and inevitable impurities,
A thick steel plate for welded structure excellent in fatigue strength of a welded joint characterized by satisfying Ceq ≦ 0.275 + 0.03 × √Al.
However, Ceq = C + Mn / 6 + (Cu + Ni) / 15 + (Cr + Mo + V) / 5
+ Nb / 3
Cu:0.1〜2%を、さらに含有することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の溶接継手の疲労強度に優れた溶接構造用厚鋼板。% By mass
Cu: 0.1-2% is further contained, The thick steel plate for welded structures excellent in the fatigue strength of the welded joint of Claim 1 or 2 characterized by the above-mentioned.
Ni:0.1〜2%を、さらに含有することを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の溶接継手の疲労強度に優れた溶接構造用厚鋼板。% By mass
The thick steel plate for welded structure excellent in fatigue strength of the welded joint according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising Ni: 0.1 to 2%.
Cr:0.05〜1%、
Mo:0.02〜1%の1種または2種を、さらに含有することを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の溶接継手の疲労強度に優れた溶接構造用厚鋼板。% By mass
Cr: 0.05 to 1%,
The thick steel plate for welded structure having excellent fatigue strength of the welded joint according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising one or two of Mo: 0.02 to 1%. .
Nb:0.005〜0.08%、
V :0.005〜0.1%の1種または2種を、さらに含有することを特徴とする請求項1乃至5のいずれか1項に記載の溶接継手の疲労強度に優れた溶接構造用厚鋼板。% By mass
Nb: 0.005 to 0.08%,
V: 0.005 to 0.1% of 1 type or 2 types are further contained, For the welded structure excellent in the fatigue strength of the welded joint of any one of Claim 1 thru | or 5 characterized by the above-mentioned. Thick steel plate.
Mg:0.0001〜0.01%、
Ca:0.0005〜0.005%、
REM:0.0005〜0.005%の1種または2種以上を、さらに含有することを特徴とする請求項1乃至7のいずれか1項に記載の溶接継手の疲労強度に優れた溶接構造用厚鋼板。% By mass
Mg: 0.0001 to 0.01%
Ca: 0.0005 to 0.005%,
REM: 0.0005-0.005% of 1 type or 2 types or more are further contained, The welded structure excellent in the fatigue strength of the welded joint of any one of Claim 1 thru | or 7 characterized by the above-mentioned Thick steel plate.
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| JP2001284913A JP4559673B2 (en) | 2001-09-19 | 2001-09-19 | Thick steel plate for welded structure excellent in fatigue strength of welded joint and method for producing the same |
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| JP5909143B2 (en) * | 2012-04-13 | 2016-04-26 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | MAG welding method for hot rolled steel sheet and MIG welding method for hot rolled steel sheet |
| CN108796365B (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2019-12-24 | 唐山中厚板材有限公司 | 360 MPa-grade high-toughness steel plate for ship structure and low-cost manufacturing method |
| KR102662624B1 (en) * | 2019-01-09 | 2024-05-07 | 닛폰세이테츠 가부시키가이샤 | Hot rolled steel sheets and welded joints, and their manufacturing methods |
| KR102293623B1 (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2021-08-25 | 주식회사 포스코 | Steel welding joint having excellent low-temperature toughness and crack resistance |
| CN115044825A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-09-13 | 安阳钢铁股份有限公司 | High-yield 550 MPa-grade steel and manufacturing method thereof |
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| JPS59110490A (en) * | 1982-12-16 | 1984-06-26 | Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd | Improvement of fatigue strength in welded joint part |
| JPS6196057A (en) * | 1985-06-01 | 1986-05-14 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Hot-rolled steel plate having maximum strength |
| EP0336161A1 (en) * | 1988-03-18 | 1989-10-11 | Klaus Dr. Dipl.-Ing. Hoffmann | Method for improving the fatigue strength of welded high strength steels |
| JP3248118B2 (en) * | 1994-01-12 | 2002-01-21 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | High strength composite structure hot rolled steel sheet having a tensile strength of 45 to 65 kgf / mm2 excellent in workability and fatigue properties, and a method for producing the same |
| JP3348365B2 (en) * | 1994-08-19 | 2002-11-20 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | Hot-rolled high-strength steel sheet for processing having excellent heat-softening property and excellent fatigue properties, and method for producing the same |
| JPH0873980A (en) * | 1994-08-31 | 1996-03-19 | Nippon Steel Corp | Thick steel plate having excellent fatigue crack propagation characteristics in the plate thickness direction and method for manufacturing the same |
| JP3569314B2 (en) * | 1994-08-31 | 2004-09-22 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | Steel plate for welded structure excellent in fatigue strength of welded joint and method of manufacturing the same |
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