JP4568917B2 - Stereoscopic imaging device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an apparatus for capturing a stereoscopic image for display using a lenticular lens or a lens sheet.

  Conventionally, in order to create a stereoscopic image to be displayed using a lenticular lens, a subject is photographed using a plurality of cameras placed at a predetermined distance in the horizontal direction, and the captured images are processed. There are a method of separating and rearranging them into vertical stripes, and a method of superimposing a lenticular lens on photographic paper and projecting and printing a plurality of images taken in the same way through the lenticular lens.

In addition, there is integral photography as a method of taking a 3D image displayed using a lens sheet, but in order to solve the problem of reversing perspective, it is necessary to replay the taken image and take it again. It is cumbersome and has not spread widely.
JP 2003-307800 JP JP 2005-010549 A

    An object of the present invention is to realize a stereoscopic image photographing apparatus capable of directly photographing a stereoscopic image to be displayed using a lenticular lens or a lens sheet. The present inventor has already proposed the methods disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 2003-307800 and 2005-010549 to solve these problems. These methods can shoot stereoscopic photographs that can display natural stereoscopic images, but they require special parts such as lens sheets with concave or cylindrical concave lenses and reflective surfaces with convex or cylindrical convex mirrors. Therefore, there was a problem that it was not easy for those without funds.

  Therefore, further investigation was made, and a 3D image shooting device was devised that can capture the same 3D photo using a pinhole plate that can be produced at a relatively low cost without using a special lens sheet or reflective surface that is expensive to manufacture. It came to do. Although this method is suitable for shooting a stereoscopic image with a relatively small viewing zone angle, it can also be used for shooting a stereoscopic image with a large viewing zone angle by adding a lens sheet.

  Claim 1 of the present invention comprises a pinhole plate in which pinholes are arranged on the surface, and a camera that projects light by projecting light passing through the pinhole plate onto an imaging surface by a photographing lens. An apparatus for photographing an image of a subject, wherein the imaging surface is closer to the photographing lens by a predetermined distance than a position where the image of the pinhole group of the pinhole plate is formed by the photographing lens. The three-dimensional image capturing apparatus is characterized in that passing light forms an image on an imaging surface and adjacent images do not overlap each other.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, a pinhole plate in which pinholes are arranged on a surface, a projection lens that projects an image of a subject on the pinhole plate, and at least one of the front and rear sides of the pinhole plate An apparatus for photographing a subject image through the pinhole plate, comprising a relay lens and a camera that projects light by passing light passing through the pinhole plate onto an imaging surface by a photographing lens, the imaging surface being a photographing lens The position of the pinhole plate on the pinhole plate is closer to the photographic lens by a predetermined distance than the position where the image of the pinhole group of the pinhole plate is formed. Is a three-dimensional image photographing device characterized by not overlapping.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a lens sheet in which convex lenses corresponding to each pinhole of the pinhole plate are arranged on the photographing lens side of the pinhole plate of the first or second aspect. 3. The stereoscopic image photographing device according to claim 1, wherein the stereoscopic image photographing device is placed closer to the pinhole plate than a focal length.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, on the object side of the pinhole plate according to the first or second aspect, a lens sheet in which concave lenses corresponding to each pinhole of the pinhole plate are arranged one-on-one. 3. A stereoscopic image photographing apparatus according to claim 1 or 2.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a slit plate in which parallel slits are arranged in a line on the surface, a camera for projecting light passing through the slit plate onto an imaging surface by a photographing lens, and a front of the photographing lens. Or an apparatus for photographing an image of a subject through the slit plate and the single slit, the imaging surface of the slit plate being formed by a photographing lens. The slit group is located closer to the photographic lens by a predetermined distance than the position where the images of the slit group are formed, and the light passing through each slit forms an elongated image on the imaging surface, and adjacent images do not overlap. This is a featured stereoscopic image photographing device.

  According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, the slit plate in which parallel slits are arranged in a line on the surface, a projection lens for projecting an image of a subject on the slit plate, and at least one of the front and rear sides of the slit plate are placed. A relay lens, a camera that projects light by projecting light passing through the slit plate onto an imaging surface by a photographing lens, and a single slit that is placed before or after the photographing lens and is perpendicular to the slit of the slit plate A device for photographing an image of a subject through the slit plate and a single slit, wherein the imaging surface is closer to the photographing lens by a predetermined distance than a position where the image of the slit group of the slit plate is formed by the photographing lens. The three-dimensional image photographing device is characterized in that the light passing through each slit forms a long and narrow image on the imaging surface, and adjacent images do not overlap each other.

  According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a lens sheet in which a cylindrical convex lens corresponding to each slit of the slit plate is arranged on the photographing lens side of the slit plate according to the fifth to sixth aspects, and the focal point of the cylindrical convex lens. 7. The stereoscopic image photographing device according to claim 5, wherein the stereoscopic image photographing device is placed closer to the slit plate than a distance.

  According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, on the subject side of the slit plate according to any one of the fifth to sixth aspects, a lens sheet in which cylindrical concave lenses corresponding to the respective slits of the slit plate are arranged one-on-one is placed. A stereoscopic image capturing apparatus according to claim 5.

  According to the stereoscopic image photographing apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to directly photograph a lenticular stereoscopic photograph that has been photographed using a plurality of conventional cameras and further requires a post-process, and the photographed stereoscopic image is discontinuous depending on the viewing angle. The image is switched to a natural three-dimensional image having almost no so-called flip phenomenon. Similarly, stereoscopic images similar to integral photography can be directly photographed with a correct perspective. In the present invention, it is basically possible to take a three-dimensional image by using the function of a pinhole plate or a slit plate. Therefore, a special lens sheet, a reflecting surface, etc. as in JP 2003-307800 A and JP 2005-010549 A It is possible to shoot without using a lens, but if a lens sheet is further added, it becomes easier to shoot a stereoscopic image with a larger viewing angle.

  FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an optical system of a stereoscopic image photographing apparatus according to claim 1 of the present invention. Each of the following embodiments represents only the optical system, and a dark box and a structural material for housing the optical system are omitted. This optical system comprises a pinhole plate 1 with pinholes arranged on the surface, a photographic lens 2 and an imaging surface 3, and light from the subject 4 passes through the pinhole plate 1 to the imaging surface 3 by the photographic lens 2. Project and shoot. Here, the imaging surface 3 is a photosensitive surface of a photographic plate or a photographic film, an imaging surface of a CCD image sensor, or the like. Assuming that the focal length of the photographic lens 2 is f, the pinhole image 5 of the pinhole plate 1 by the photographic lens 2 is formed at a position satisfying 1 / f = 1 / A + 1 / B as shown in FIG. However, when the image pickup surface 3 is placed at a position closer to the taking lens 2 by d than B, an image of a pinhole camera formed by the pinhole of the pinhole plate 1 is projected onto the image pickup surface 3. As a result, small pinhole camera images corresponding to the pinholes of the pinhole plate 1 are arranged on the imaging surface 3, but the pupil diameter of the photographing lens 2 is R, and the interval between adjacent pinholes of the pinhole plate 1 is p. When Rd / B ≦ pB / A, adjacent pinhole camera images are arranged without overlapping.

  The image photographed on the imaging surface 3 in this way is a correct stereoscopic image referred to in integral photography, and is displayed with a stereoscopic effect by superimposing the lens sheet 11 on the stereoscopic image 10 as shown in FIG. can do.

  The viewing zone angle of the captured stereoscopic image is α in FIG. 2, and is determined by the ratio between the pupil diameter R and the distance A of the photographing lens 2. In order to further increase the viewing zone angle, it is necessary to use a large-diameter, thick, and high-performance lens for the taking lens 2, but such a lens is expensive, and is more difficult to implement. The simple apparatus using only the pinhole plate and the camera as in claim 1 is suitable for photographing a stereoscopic image having a relatively small viewing zone angle.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram in which a rectangular aperture 6 is added to FIG. When the pinholes of the pinhole plate 1 are arranged in a grid pattern, if the pinhole camera images on the imaging surface 3 are rectangular, they can be arranged without gaps, and the entire imaging surface can be used effectively. Each pinhole camera image is equal to the shape of the pupil of the photographic lens. Here, the aperture 6 makes the pinhole camera image rectangular. In order to take a three-dimensional image to be displayed on a lens sheet arranged in a honeycomb shape, it is sufficient to use a pinhole plate arranged so that the pinhole is in the center of the honeycomb, but in this case using a hexagonal aperture, the imaging surface 3D images can be taken without gaps.

  FIG. 4 shows an optical system of a stereoscopic image photographing apparatus according to claim 2. This apparatus is obtained by adding a projection lens 7 and two relay lenses 8 and 9 to the optical system of FIG. The image of the subject 4 is projected onto the pinhole plate 1 by the projection lens 7, and then a three-dimensional image is formed on the imaging surface 3 as in FIG. In the apparatus of FIG. 1, only an image of a subject behind the display surface can be taken. However, in this apparatus, the subject image is overlapped with the pinhole plate 1 by the projection lens 7 or the taking lens from the pinhole plate 1. Since the image can be projected and projected at a position close to 2, it is possible to shoot a stereoscopic image that appears to pop out from the display surface.

  The two relay lenses 8 and 9 are for guiding light to the photographing lens 2 efficiently. When the pinhole plate 1 is removed, the light passing through the center of the projection lens 7 is taken by the two relay lenses. If they are gathered at the center of 2, the most efficient transmission can be achieved. Specifically, when the distance between the relay lens 8 and the projection lens 7 is C, and the distance between the relay lens 9 and the photographing lens 2 is D, the focal length of the relay lens 8 is C, and the focal length of the relay lens 9 is D. Should be equal to. Although an example using two relay lenses is shown here, it is possible to achieve the same function with a single lens having a shorter focal length. Since the viewing zone angle of the captured stereoscopic image is also limited by the aperture of the projection lens 7, a large-diameter thick lens or Fresnel lens is used as the projection lens 7.

  In the present invention, in the simplest configuration using only a pinhole plate and a camera, a large-diameter and thick high-performance lens must be used for the photographing lens 2 in order to photograph a stereoscopic image with a large viewing zone angle. In fact, it is difficult to increase the viewing zone angle as described above. Accordingly, in the third and fourth aspects, this problem is improved by combining a lens sheet with a pinhole plate, and it is possible to easily capture a stereoscopic image with a large viewing zone angle.

  A state in which the lens sheet is combined with the pinhole plate 1 is shown in FIG. Here, (a) is a partial view showing an example of claim 3 in which a lens sheet 12 with convex lenses arranged on the surface is placed on the projection lens side, the right side of the figure is the side where the taking lens 2 is located, and the left side Is the side with the subject 4. Each convex lens of the lens sheet 12 corresponds to each pinhole of the pinhole plate 1 on a one-to-one basis, and light that enters the pinhole at an angle α from the object side is converted into light having an angle β smaller than α by the action of the convex lens. Assuming that the angle α is the viewing angle of the photographed image and the angle β is the angle range that can be photographed by the photographing lens, even if the angle range that can be photographed is small, the large viewing zone is caused by the action of each convex lens of the lens sheet 12. It can be seen that a three-dimensional image of the corner can be taken. The lens sheet 12 must be placed at a distance shorter than the focal length of each convex lens from the pinhole plate. If it is placed at a distance equal to the focal length, β = 0 and the principle of the present invention does not hold, and if it is placed at a distance farther than the focal length, β becomes negative and the image is inverted, which is not preferable.

  Further, FIG. 6B is a partial view showing an example of claim 4 in which a lens sheet 13 with concave lenses arranged on the surface is placed on the subject side. Similarly, the right side is the side where the taking lens 2 is located and the left side is the subject. This is the side with 4. Each concave lens of the lens sheet 13 has a one-to-one correspondence with each pinhole of the pinhole plate 1, and the light entering the pinhole from the subject side at an angle α is converted into light having an angle β smaller than α by the action of the concave lens. After that, the same reasoning as in claim 3 shows that even if the angle range that can be photographed is small, a three-dimensional image with a large viewing zone angle can be photographed by the action of each concave lens of the lens sheet 13. The concave lens does not have the distance condition as the convex lens, but it is not preferable that the pinhole plate 1 is separated from the pinhole plate 1 so that the one-to-one correspondence with the pinhole is broken. Good.

  FIG. 7 shows an optical system of a stereoscopic image photographing apparatus according to claim 5. In this apparatus, the pinhole plate 1 of FIG. 1 is replaced with a slit plate 14 in which parallel slits are arranged in a line on the surface, and a horizontal single slit 15 is further added. The function of this apparatus in the horizontal plane (xz plane) is the same as that of the apparatus of FIG. 1, and is as shown in FIG. On the other hand, in the yz plane, as shown in FIG. 8, it has a function of taking a normal planar image, and as a result, a long and narrow slit image is formed on the imaging plane. Here, the single slit 15 is wide enough to fill the lens width in the xz plane and secures a viewing angle through light, while narrowing the light in the yz plane to increase the vertical depth of focus and the depth of the stereoscopic image to be photographed. To earn. The stereoscopic image thus taken is equivalent to a so-called lenticular stereoscopic photograph, and can be displayed with a stereoscopic effect by superimposing the lenticular lens 17 on the stereoscopic image 16 as shown in FIG.

  The stereoscopic image photographing apparatus according to claim 6 similarly replaces the pinhole plate 1 with a slit plate in which parallel slits are arranged in a line on the surface in FIG. 4, and further a horizontal single slit before or after the photographing lens 2. It is realized by adding. The three-dimensional image thus photographed can be displayed by the same lenticular lens as in the fifth aspect. Similarly to the second aspect, the subject image is overlapped with the slit plate by the projection lens 7 or the photographing lens from the slit plate. Since the image can be projected and projected at a position close to 2, it is possible to shoot a stereoscopic image that appears to pop out from the display surface.

  Furthermore, the method of claim 3 for enlarging the imageable viewing zone angle can be applied by replacing the lens sheet with a lens sheet in which cylindrical convex lenses are arranged (claim 7). Further, the method of claim 4 can be applied by replacing the lens sheet with a lens sheet in which cylindrical concave lenses are arranged (claim 8). In any case, if the cylindrical lens is placed so as to be parallel to the slit of the slit plate so that each slit and the cylindrical lens have a one-to-one correspondence, the description of FIG. 6 can be applied as it is in the xz plane.

  The present invention can be used for printing and publishing to produce three-dimensional signs, posters and the like as still images. Further, since the present invention can be applied to moving image shooting, it can also be applied to stereoscopic movies and stereoscopic televisions.

An optical system of a stereoscopic image photographing apparatus according to claim 1. It is a top view of the optical system shown in FIG. FIG. 6 is another embodiment of the stereoscopic image capturing apparatus according to claim 1. FIG. An optical system of a stereoscopic image photographing apparatus according to claim 2. It is an example of the three-dimensional image display apparatus which displays the picked-up image by Claim 1 and Claim 2. FIG. 6 is a partial view illustrating claims 3 and 4. An optical system of a stereoscopic image capturing apparatus according to claim 5. FIG. 8 is a side view of the optical system shown in FIG. 7. It is an example of the three-dimensional image display apparatus which displays the picked-up image by Claim 5 and Claim 6.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Pinhole board 2 ... Shooting lens 3 ... Imaging surface 4 ... Subject 5 ... Pinhole image 6 ... Rectangular aperture 7 ... Projection lens 8, 9 ... · Relay lens 10 · · · Taken stereoscopic image 11 · · · Display lens sheet 12 with convex lenses aligned · · · Lens sheet 13 with convex lenses aligned · · Lens sheet 14 with concave lenses aligned · · · Slit plate 15・ ・ ・ Single slit 16 ・ ・ ・ Taken solid image 17 ・ ・ ・ Lenticular lens

Claims (8)

A device that shoots an image of a subject through the pinhole plate, comprising a pinhole plate with pinholes arranged on the surface, and a camera that projects the light passing through the pinhole plate onto the imaging surface by a photographic lens. The imaging surface is closer to the imaging lens by a predetermined distance than the position where the image of the pinhole group of the pinhole plate is formed by the imaging lens, and the light passing through each pinhole is imaged on the imaging surface. And a three-dimensional image photographing device characterized in that adjacent images do not overlap each other. A pinhole plate in which pinholes are arranged on a surface; a projection lens that projects an image of a subject on the pinhole plate; a relay lens placed on at least one of the front and rear sides of the pinhole plate; and the pinhole plate And a camera that shoots an image of a subject by projecting the light passing through the imaging surface by a photographic lens, the imaging surface being a pinhole of the pinhole plate by the photographic lens. It is located at a position closer to the taking lens by a predetermined distance than the position at which the group images are formed, and the light passing through each pinhole forms an image on the imaging surface, and adjacent images do not overlap. 3D image capturing device. A lens sheet in which convex lenses corresponding to each pinhole of the pinhole plate are arranged on the side of the photographic lens of the pinhole plate according to claim 1 or 2 on the pinhole plate from the focal length of the convex lens. The three-dimensional image photographing device according to claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional image photographing device is placed close to each other. 3. A lens sheet in which concave lenses corresponding to each pinhole of the pinhole plate are arranged on the object side of the pinhole plate according to claim 1 or 2. Stereoscopic imaging device. A slit plate in which parallel slits are arranged in a line on the surface, a camera for projecting light passing through the slit plate onto an imaging surface by a photographing lens, and the slit placed before or after the photographing lens An apparatus for photographing an image of a subject through a slit on the plate and a single slit perpendicular to the slit plate, and an image of a slit group of the slit plate on the imaging surface by a photographing lens A three-dimensional image photographing device, characterized in that the image is located closer to the photographing lens by a predetermined distance than the position, and the light passing through each slit forms a long and narrow image on the imaging surface, and adjacent images do not overlap each other. A slit plate in which parallel slits are arranged in a line on the surface, a projection lens that projects an image of a subject on the slit plate, a relay lens placed on at least one of the front and rear sides of the slit plate, and the slit plate A camera for projecting and projecting light passing through an imaging surface by an imaging lens, and a single slit perpendicular to the slit of the slit plate placed before or after the imaging lens, the slit plate and the single slit The imaging surface is located at a position closer to the photographic lens by a predetermined distance than the position at which the image of the slit group of the slit plate is formed by the photographic lens, and the light passing through each slit. Forms a long and narrow image on the imaging surface, and adjacent images do not overlap each other. A lens sheet in which a cylindrical convex lens corresponding to each slit of the slit plate is arranged on the photographing lens side of the slit plate according to claims 5 to 6 is closer to the slit plate than a focal length of the cylindrical convex lens. The stereoscopic image photographing device according to claim 5, wherein the stereoscopic image photographing device is placed. 7. A three-dimensional image according to claim 5, wherein a lens sheet in which cylindrical concave lenses corresponding to the respective slits of the slit plate are arranged in a one-to-one relationship is placed on the subject side of the slit plate of claims 5 to 6. Shooting device.

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