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JP4570261B2 - Biodegradable synthetic fiber - Google Patents
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JP4570261B2 - Biodegradable synthetic fiber - Google Patents

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JP4570261B2
JP4570261B2 JP2001048528A JP2001048528A JP4570261B2 JP 4570261 B2 JP4570261 B2 JP 4570261B2 JP 2001048528 A JP2001048528 A JP 2001048528A JP 2001048528 A JP2001048528 A JP 2001048528A JP 4570261 B2 JP4570261 B2 JP 4570261B2
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fiber
fibers
biodegradable
core
melting point
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JP2002249923A (en
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伸洋 松永
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Unitika Trading Co Ltd
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Unitika Trading Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、生分解性に加えて消臭、遠赤外線放射、マイナスイオン効果等の優れた機能を併せ持つ合成繊維に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
ナイロン繊維、ポリエステル繊維等のような合成繊維は織編み物や不織布あるいは布団綿、詰め綿として広く用いられてきた。これは、機械的性質や耐水性に優れていることに加えて、上記のような合成繊維が熱可塑性であるため、異型断面繊維や複合繊維等の種々の形態に加工することが容易であり、また熱融着が可能なことから、新規な特性や形態を生み出せたことによる。
そのような特長を備えている反面、前記合成繊維からなる製品は使用後家庭ゴミ等として排出され、焼却処分されたり埋め立て処理されるにおいて、焼却処分では非常な高温となるため焼却炉をいため、また埋め立て処理するにしても分解せず地中に留まるためゴミ増加の一因となるなどの問題を生じていた。
【0003】
このような問題を解消するため、埋め立て処理や堆肥化(コンポスト)処理可能な生分解性脂肪族ポリエステル繊維が開示されている。(特開平9−142485号公報)
一方、特定の温度で焼き上げた木炭は燃料用のみならず消臭、遠赤外線放射、マイナスイオン効果等の優れた機能性に注目が集まり、これを押入れにいれたり、あるいはインテリアとして部屋に置くといった使い方で生活の多くの場面で使用されている。
しかしながら、環境適合性に優れた生分解性合成繊維と、機能性にすぐれて、廃棄の上でも問題のない木炭を組み合わせることについては従来なされていなかった。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、合成繊維特有の優れた特性を保持しつつ、更に消臭、遠赤外線放射、マイナスイオン効果等の機能を併せ持ち、且つ使用後埋め立てやコンポスト処理により、最終的には炭酸ガスと水に戻るような生分解性の合成繊維を提供するものである。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、生分解性を有する合成繊維に木炭微粒子が含有されてなる生分解性合成繊維に関する。
特に、本発明は、生分解性を有する合成繊維が脂肪族ポリエステル繊維である上記生分解性合成繊維に関する。
特にまた、本発明は、生分解性を有する脂肪族ポリエステル繊維がポリ乳酸繊維である上記生分解性合成繊維に関する。
詳しくは、本発明は、木炭微粒子が備長炭微粒子である上記いずれかに記載の生分解性合成繊維に関する。
また、本発明は、共に生分解性合成繊維である芯部繊維と芯部繊維より融点の低い鞘部繊維とからなり、芯部繊維が上記いずれかに記載の生分解性繊維である生分解性の同心芯鞘型または偏芯芯鞘型複合繊維に関する。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の生分解性合成繊維に用いることのできる素材としては、生分解性脂肪族ポリエステルが好ましい。生分解性脂肪族ポリエステルの例としては、例えばポリグリコール酸やポリ乳酸のようなポリ(α−ヒドロキシ酸)またはこれらを主たる繰り返し単位とする共重合体が挙げられる。また、ポリ(ε−カプロラクトン)、ポリ(β−プロピオラクトン)のようなポリ(ω−ヒドロキシアルカノエート)やポリ−3−ヒドロキシプロピオネート、ポリ−3−ヒドロキシブチレート、ポリ−3−ヒドロキシカプロネート、ポリ−3−ヒドロキシヘプタノエート、ポリ−3−ヒドロキシオクタノエートのようなポリ(β−ヒドロキシアルカノエート)あるいは、これらの繰り返し単位とポリ−3−ヒドロキシバリレートやポリ−4−ヒドロキシブチレートの繰り返し単位との共重合体などが挙げられる。
さらに、グリコールとジカルボン酸の重縮合体からなるポリアルキレンアルカノエートの例としては、例えばポリエチレンオキサレート、ポリエチレンサクシネート、ポリエチレンアジペート、ポリエチレンアゼレート、ポリブチレンオキサレート、ポリブチレンサクシネート、ポリブチレンアジペート、ポリブチレンセバケート、ポリヘキサメチレンセバケート、ポリネオペンチルオキサレートまたはこれらを主たる繰り返し単位とするポリアルキレンアルカノエート共重合体が挙げられる。
特に好ましい生分解性脂肪族ポリエステルはポリ乳酸または乳酸単位を主成分とする共重合体である。
【0007】
本発明で使用する木炭微粒子は、種々の原料木材から得られたものがいずれも使用できるが、好ましくは、600〜1300℃の温度で焼いて得られた木炭からの微粒子である。これらの木炭微粒子は、多孔質で200m/g以上の比表面積を持っているため極めて吸着能に優れている。中でも備長炭の微粒子が好ましい。備長炭とはウバメカシを高温で焼成した炭を言う。備長炭微粒子のうちでも、ウバメカシを1200℃以上の高温で焼き上げた「紀州備長炭」を冷凍粉砕などの手法で粉砕し、分級して平均粒径5μm以下より、好ましくは平均粒径1μm以下で0.1μm以上としたものが特に好ましい(本発明において、木炭微粒子の平均粒径とは、レーザー粒度分析計によって測定したものである)。この備長炭微粒子は微細な孔を多数有するので、アンモニアやトリメチルアミンなどの悪臭物質や水分を選択的に吸収し、消臭効果や調湿効果がある。また遠赤外線の放射効率が高いことやまたマイナスイオンを発生する作用もある。これらの効果が繊維に練り込まれた時にも認められ、衣料、インテリア、布団綿などの寝具、寝装品として使用することができる。繊維への練り込み量は概ね繊維に対して0.3〜5質量%程度である。
【0008】
本発明の生分解性繊維は、生分解性を有するとともに合成繊維であるため、以下に述べるような特徴を生かすことができる。
形態としては長繊維であっても短繊維であってもよく、また構成としては脂肪族ポリエステルからなる単一成分繊維でも差し支えないし、サイドバイサイドまたは芯鞘構造等の複合繊維とすることもできる。例えば、木炭微粒子のように硬度が高く、繊維に練り込んだときに繊維表面に出ていると製糸工程でガイドやローラーの磨耗などの不都合を生じる物質を添加する場合には、芯鞘型の複合繊維として、芯の部分に封じ込めることもできる。
この場合、芯鞘とも同一の素材としても良いし、芯の部分を高融点の脂肪族ポリエステル、鞘の部分を高融点成分よりも融点の低い、好ましくは高融点成分よりも20℃以上低い低融点成分とした複合繊維とし熱融着性繊維として使用することも好ましい。
【0009】
生分解性合成繊維の素材としてポリ乳酸を使用すると、化学構造的に種々の融点のポリマーを作ることができるので、生分解性熱融着繊維としてポリ乳酸成分のみからなる芯鞘複合繊維を製造することもできる。このような、複合繊維が融点の異なるポリ乳酸の組み合わせである場合について、次に説明する。
まず、ポリ乳酸の融点の制御は以下のようにして行うことができる。乳酸モノマーは光学活性の炭素を有しており、D体とL体の光学異性体が存在する。L体にD体を1モル%共重合させると融点170℃、D体を3モル%共重合させると融点150℃、D体を7モル%共重合させると融点130℃、D体を12モル%共重合させると融点110℃といった具合にポリ乳酸の融点のコントロールが可能である。D体が18モル%以上となると明確な結晶融点は観察されず、軟化温度が90℃未満くらいの非晶性の強いポリマーとなる。なお、このような非晶性の強いポリ乳酸の場合は便宜上、目視での軟化温度を融点とする。
【0010】
本発明の生分解性合成繊維の好ましい態様のひとつとして、相互に融点が20℃以上異なる2種のポリ乳酸が、同心芯鞘型、偏芯芯鞘型に複合された繊維で芯部に木炭微粒子を練り込んだ複合繊維を挙げることができる。また一方が融点160℃以上のポリ乳酸、他方が融点110〜150℃のポリ乳酸といった組み合わせとすることもできる。
これらのうち、芯鞘型で芯部が融点170℃以上のポリ乳酸、鞘部が融点130℃程度のポリ乳酸の組み合わせの複合繊維が熱融着加工のし易さ、接着力の高さから特に好ましい。
この熱融着繊維の断面形状は通常の丸断面のほかに三角断面、Y型断面、十字断面、偏平断面等の異型断面であってもよい。
【0011】
本発明における繊維は、その単糸繊度が特に限定されるものではないが、0.5〜50デシテックス程度の範囲が好ましい。なぜならば、0.5デシテックス未満のものは生産性が低く、コストアップになることがある。一方単糸繊度が50デシテックスを越えると紡糸時のノズル下での冷却がしにくく、単糸密着などの不具合が生じることがある。
【0012】
本発明における繊維は単一成分繊維の場合でも複合繊維の場合でも概ね従来技術を踏襲した方法で製造することができる。
複合繊維の場合を説明すると、まず汎用の複合溶融紡糸装置を用いて2種類の融点の異なる生分解性繊維を紡糸する。紡糸に際し、生分解性繊維の片側あるいは両側に木炭微粒子を練り込むが、練り込みに当たっては木炭微粒子を高濃度(10〜30%)に含有するマスターチップを配合して繊維中に練り込むことができる。なお繊維中には安定剤、顔料、補強材などを共存させてもよい。
紡出された繊維は、必要に応じて連続的または別工程で延伸および熱処理される。繊維は、油剤を付与し、フィラメントとしてパーンに巻き取って長繊維として用いることもできるし、あるいは数万〜数百万デシテックスのトウに引き揃えてクリンパーボックスなどを用いて機械的に捲縮を付与したのち、25〜70mmくらいの長さにカットしてクリンプ綿とし、紡績用に用いたり、乾式不織布用の短繊維として使用する。あるいはトウに引き揃えたストレートの繊維のまま3〜20mmにカットして主に湿式抄紙用の短繊維とする。
【0013】
本発明により得られた繊維はフィラメントや紡績糸として必要に応じて染色を施し100%使いで織物や編物としたり、あるいは他の生分解性の天然繊維(コットン、ウール、麻等)や再生繊維(レーヨン、リヨセル、ポリノジック等)と混紡、交編織しても良い。また短繊維をカード機などで開繊して布団綿や詰め綿としたり、主体となる高融点の短繊維と熱融着短繊維とを用途あるいはその要求特性により決定した割合にて混合しウエブ形成あるいはシート化したあと熱融着短繊維を加熱溶融させることにより主体となる繊維と熱融着短繊維とを点接合させることによって不織布や固綿として用いても良い。なお、乾式混合の場合には梳綿機やランダムウエバ等で繊維混合ウエブを形成し、また湿式混合の場合は短繊維を水中に均一分散させてから金網などで抄き上げてシートとするいわゆる抄紙法を用いることができる。
熱融着繊維を加熱溶融させる熱処理装置としては、加熱フラットローラー、加熱エンボスローラー、ヤンキードライヤー、サーマルエアスルー熱処理機などの熱処理装置が適当である。
【0014】
【実施例】
次に、実施例をあげて本発明を具体的に説明する。なお、特性値の測定法は、次のとおりである。
(1)相対粘度
フエノールと四塩化エタンの等重量混合物を溶媒とし、試料濃度 0.5g/dl、温度20℃で測定した。
(2)融点
パーキンエルマー社製の走査示差熱量計DSC−2型を使用し、昇温速度20℃/分の条件で繊維を示差熱測定にかけて融点を決定した。また非晶性が強く、結晶融点が判別できないものについては、ホットステージ付き顕微鏡で肉眼観察しながら昇温し、軟化が始まった温度をもって融点とした。
(3)消臭性能
テドラーバッグ(5000cm)中に繊維試料1gおよびアンモニアガスを注入し、3時間後のガス濃度を検知管を用いて測定して下記式より脱臭率(%)を算出した。
【数1】

Figure 0004570261
式中、コントロールガス濃度、試料ガス濃度はそれぞれ次のものを意味する:
コントロールガス濃度:繊維試料を注入しない場合の3時間後のガス濃度。
試料ガス濃度:繊維試料を加えた場合の3時間後のガス濃度。
【0015】
参考例1
相対粘度1.85、D体含有率1.5モル%のポリ乳酸チップAおよび同じポリ乳酸に平均粒径1.2μmの備長炭微粒子を20質量%含有したポリ乳酸マスターチップBを混合し減圧乾燥した後、通常のスピンドロー装置を使用して83dtex/24フィラメント、強度3.8cN/dtex、伸度28%、備長炭微粒子含有率1.5質量%の長繊維を得た。
この繊維の消臭性能を測定したところ脱臭率78%と良好な性能を示した。
次に、この繊維を家庭用コンポスト機に入れて、3週間後に見たところ、繊維は分解して原形を留めていなかった。
【0016】
実施例1
前記チップA、マスターチップBおよび相対粘度1.88、D体含有率8.2モル%のポリ乳酸チップCの3種のチップを減圧乾燥した後、チップA、マスターチップBを混合して芯部、チップCが鞘部になるように通常の複合溶融紡糸装置を使用して溶融し、これらの成分が芯鞘に複合(質量比1:1)するようにして紡糸温度225℃で複合溶融紡糸した。
紡出糸条を冷却した後引取速度1000m/分で引き取って未延伸糸条を得た。得られた糸条を収束し、延伸倍率3.4倍、延伸温度75℃で延伸後切断し、繊度2dtex、カット長51mm、単糸強度3.6cN/dtex、単糸伸度35%、芯成分融点168℃、鞘成分融点132℃、芯成分の備長炭微粒子含有率2.0質量%の複合短繊維を得た。
得られた複合短繊維を50%および前記チップAから得た短繊維(繊度1.7dtex、カット長51mm、単糸強度4.1cN/dtex、単糸伸度33%、融点168℃)を50%の割合で混合し、カード機にてウエブ化し、さらに加熱エンボスロール(130℃、走行速度5m/min.)にて圧着処理を行い目付60g/mの不織布を得た。
この不織布の消臭性能を測定したところ脱臭率70%と良好な性能を示した。次に、この不織布を家庭用コンポスト機に入れて、3週間後に見たところ、繊維は分解して原形を留めていなかった。
【0017】
比較例1
参考例1において、ポリ乳酸マスターチップBを混合せずポリ乳酸チップAだけを用いて、即ち備長炭微粒子を配合しないこと以外は参考例1と同様にして長繊維を紡糸した。
この繊維の消臭性能を測定したところ脱臭率3%と消臭性能は認められなかった。
【0018】
実施例2
実施例において得られた複合短繊維を50%およびレーヨン短繊維5.6dtex×51mmを50%の割合で混綿し、梳綿機を通してウエブを作成した。引き続いて実施例と同様に熱圧着処理を行い、目付23g/mの不織布を得た。
この繊維の消臭性能を測定したところ脱臭率68%と良好な性能を示した。
次に、この繊維を家庭用コンポスト機に入れて、3週間後に見たところ、繊維は分解して原形を留めていなかった。
【0019】
参考例2
ポリ乳酸の代わりにポリ-β-ヒドロキシブチレート(ホモポリマー;融点175℃)のみを用いたこと以外は参考例1と同様にして長繊維を紡糸し、試験を行った。
その結果、強度3.3cN/dtex、伸度34%の繊維が得られた。
この繊維の消臭性能を測定したところ脱臭率77%と良好な性能を示した。
次に、この繊維を家庭用コンポスト機に入れて、3週間後に見たところ、繊維は分解して原形を留めていなかった。
【0020】
参考例3
備長炭微粒子の代わりに、桜の木を700℃で焼き上げた木炭を原料とする平均粒径1.3μmの木炭微粒子を用いる以外は、参考例1と同様にして木炭微粒子含有率1.5重量%の長繊維を得た。
この繊維の消臭性能を測定したところ脱臭率73%と良好な性能を示した。
次に、この繊維を家庭用コンポスト機に入れて、3週間後に見たところ、繊維は分解して原形を留めていなかった。
【0021】
【発明の効果】
本発明で得られた生分解性繊維は木炭微粒子が含有されているため、繊維物性を実質的に保持しつつ、消臭、遠性外線放射、マイナスイオン効果などの機能が付加され、使用後はコンポスト機などで処理することにより完全な生分解が可能である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a synthetic fiber having excellent functions such as deodorization, far-infrared radiation, and negative ion effect in addition to biodegradability.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Synthetic fibers such as nylon fibers and polyester fibers have been widely used as woven and knitted fabrics, non-woven fabrics, futon cotton, and stuffed cotton. In addition to being excellent in mechanical properties and water resistance, the synthetic fibers as described above are thermoplastic, so that they can be easily processed into various forms such as irregular cross-section fibers and composite fibers. Also, because it can be heat-sealed, it is possible to create new characteristics and forms.
While having such features, the product made of synthetic fiber is discharged as household waste after use, and incinerated or landfilled. Moreover, even if it is landfilled, it does not decompose and remains in the ground, which causes problems such as an increase in garbage.
[0003]
In order to solve such a problem, biodegradable aliphatic polyester fibers capable of being landfilled or composted are disclosed. (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-142485)
On the other hand, charcoal baked at a specific temperature has attracted attention not only for fuel but also for excellent functionality such as deodorization, far-infrared radiation, and negative ion effect, which can be put in a closet or placed in a room as an interior. It is used in many scenes of life in usage.
However, combining biodegradable synthetic fibers excellent in environmental compatibility with charcoal having excellent functionality and no problem in disposal has not been done.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention retains the excellent characteristics unique to synthetic fibers, and further has functions such as deodorization, far-infrared radiation, and negative ion effect, and finally, carbon dioxide gas and water by landfill or composting after use. The biodegradable synthetic fiber which returns to (1) is provided.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention relates to a biodegradable synthetic fiber in which charcoal fine particles are contained in a synthetic fiber having biodegradability.
In particular, the present invention relates to the biodegradable synthetic fiber, wherein the synthetic fiber having biodegradability is an aliphatic polyester fiber.
In particular, the present invention also relates to the biodegradable synthetic fiber, wherein the biodegradable aliphatic polyester fiber is a polylactic acid fiber.
Specifically, the present invention relates to the biodegradable synthetic fiber according to any one of the above, wherein the charcoal fine particles are Bincho charcoal fine particles.
Further, the present invention comprises a core fiber that is a biodegradable synthetic fiber and a sheath fiber having a melting point lower than that of the core fiber, and the core fiber is a biodegradable fiber according to any one of the above. The present invention relates to a concentric core-sheath type or an eccentric core-sheath type composite fiber.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As a material that can be used for the biodegradable synthetic fiber of the present invention, a biodegradable aliphatic polyester is preferable. Examples of biodegradable aliphatic polyesters include poly (α-hydroxy acids) such as polyglycolic acid and polylactic acid, and copolymers having these as main repeating units. Further, poly (ω-hydroxyalkanoate) such as poly (ε-caprolactone) and poly (β-propiolactone), poly-3-hydroxypropionate, poly-3-hydroxybutyrate, poly-3- Poly (β-hydroxyalkanoate) such as hydroxycaproate, poly-3-hydroxyheptanoate, poly-3-hydroxyoctanoate, or these repeating units and poly-3-hydroxyvalerate or poly- Examples thereof include a copolymer with a repeating unit of 4-hydroxybutyrate.
Further, examples of polyalkylene alkanoates comprising a polycondensate of glycol and dicarboxylic acid include, for example, polyethylene oxalate, polyethylene succinate, polyethylene adipate, polyethylene azelate, polybutylene oxalate, polybutylene succinate, polybutylene adipate. , Polybutylene sebacate, polyhexamethylene sebacate, polyneopentyl oxalate or a polyalkylene alkanoate copolymer containing these as main repeating units.
Particularly preferred biodegradable aliphatic polyesters are polylactic acid or a copolymer mainly composed of lactic acid units.
[0007]
As the charcoal fine particles used in the present invention, any of those obtained from various raw woods can be used. Preferably, the charcoal fine particles are obtained from charcoal obtained by baking at a temperature of 600 to 1300 ° C. Since these charcoal fine particles are porous and have a specific surface area of 200 m 2 / g or more, they are extremely excellent in adsorbing ability. Among them, fine particles of Bincho charcoal are preferable. Bincho charcoal is charcoal obtained by firing Ubamekashi at high temperature. Among the fine particles of Bincho charcoal, “Kishin Binchotan”, which is baked at a high temperature of 1200 ° C. or higher, is crushed by a technique such as freeze pulverization and classified to have an average particle size of 5 μm or less, preferably 1 μm or less. The average particle size of 0.1 μm or more is particularly preferable (in the present invention, the average particle size of the charcoal fine particles is measured by a laser particle size analyzer). Since the Bincho charcoal fine particles have many fine pores, they selectively absorb malodorous substances such as ammonia and trimethylamine and moisture, and have a deodorizing effect and a humidity control effect. In addition, the radiation efficiency of far-infrared rays is high and negative ions are generated. These effects are also recognized when kneaded into fibers, and can be used as clothing, interior, bedding such as futon cotton, and bedding. The amount of kneading into the fiber is about 0.3 to 5% by mass with respect to the fiber.
[0008]
Since the biodegradable fiber of the present invention is a biodegradable and synthetic fiber, the following features can be utilized.
The form may be a long fiber or a short fiber, and the structure may be a single-component fiber made of an aliphatic polyester, or a composite fiber having a side-by-side or core-sheath structure may be used. For example, when adding a substance that causes inconvenience such as wear of guides and rollers in the yarn forming process when the material is hard like charcoal fine particles and is exposed on the fiber surface when kneaded into the fiber, the core-sheath type As a composite fiber, it can also be contained in the core.
In this case, the core and the sheath may be the same material, the core portion has a high melting point aliphatic polyester, and the sheath portion has a lower melting point than the high melting point component, preferably 20 ° C. or more lower than the high melting point component. It is also preferable to use a composite fiber having a melting point component as a heat-fusible fiber.
[0009]
If polylactic acid is used as a raw material for biodegradable synthetic fibers, polymers with various melting points can be made in terms of chemical structure, producing core-sheath composite fibers consisting only of polylactic acid components as biodegradable heat-fusible fibers. You can also Next, the case where the composite fiber is a combination of polylactic acids having different melting points will be described.
First, the melting point of polylactic acid can be controlled as follows. Lactic acid monomers have optically active carbon, and there are D and L optical isomers. When L-form is copolymerized with 1 mol% of D-form, melting point is 170 ° C, when D-form is copolymerized with 3 mol%, melting point is 150 ° C, and when D-form is copolymerized with 7 mol%, melting point is 130 ° C, and D-form is 12 mol % Copolymerization makes it possible to control the melting point of polylactic acid such as 110 ° C. When the D form is 18 mol% or more, a clear crystalline melting point is not observed, and a strong amorphous polymer having a softening temperature of less than 90 ° C. is obtained. In the case of such a highly amorphous polylactic acid, for the sake of convenience, the visual softening temperature is taken as the melting point.
[0010]
As one of the preferable embodiments of the biodegradable synthetic fiber of the present invention, two types of polylactic acid having melting points different from each other by 20 ° C. or more are mixed with a concentric core-sheath type and an eccentric core-sheath type, and charcoal at the core part. A composite fiber in which fine particles are kneaded can be mentioned. Alternatively, one may be a combination of polylactic acid having a melting point of 160 ° C. or higher and the other polylactic acid having a melting point of 110 to 150 ° C.
Among these, the composite fiber of the core-sheath type with the core part having a melting point of 170 ° C. or higher and the polylactic acid having the sheath part having a melting point of about 130 ° C. is easy to heat-bond and has high adhesive strength. Particularly preferred.
The cross-sectional shape of the heat-sealing fiber may be an irregular cross-section such as a triangular cross-section, a Y-shaped cross-section, a cross-shaped cross-section, and a flat cross-section in addition to a normal round cross-section.
[0011]
The fiber in the present invention is not particularly limited in the single yarn fineness, but is preferably in the range of about 0.5 to 50 dtex. This is because those with less than 0.5 dtex have low productivity and may increase costs. On the other hand, if the single yarn fineness exceeds 50 dtex, it is difficult to cool under the nozzle during spinning, and problems such as single yarn adhesion may occur.
[0012]
The fiber in the present invention can be produced by a method generally following the prior art, whether it is a single component fiber or a composite fiber.
In the case of a composite fiber, first, two types of biodegradable fibers having different melting points are spun using a general-purpose composite melt spinning apparatus. During spinning, charcoal fine particles are kneaded on one side or both sides of the biodegradable fiber. When kneading, a master chip containing a high concentration (10 to 30%) of charcoal fine particles may be mixed and kneaded into the fiber. it can. Note that stabilizers, pigments, reinforcing materials and the like may coexist in the fiber.
The spun fiber is drawn and heat-treated continuously or in a separate process as necessary. The fiber can be used as a long fiber by applying an oil agent and wound into a filament as a filament, or can be crimped mechanically using a crimper box or the like by aligning it with a tens of thousands to millions of dtex. After being applied, it is cut into a length of about 25 to 70 mm to form crimped cotton, which is used for spinning or used as a short fiber for dry nonwoven fabric. Or it cuts to 3-20 mm with the straight fiber arranged in the tow | toe mainly as the short fiber for wet papermaking.
[0013]
The fibers obtained by the present invention are dyed as necessary as filaments or spun yarns and used as 100% woven or knitted fabrics, or other biodegradable natural fibers (cotton, wool, hemp, etc.) or recycled fibers (Yrayons, lyocell, polynosic, etc.) may be blended or knitted. In addition, short fibers are opened with a card machine to form futon or stuffed cotton, or the main high-melting short fibers and heat-bonded short fibers are mixed at a ratio determined by the application or their required characteristics. After forming or forming a sheet, the main fiber and the heat-bonded short fiber may be spot-bonded by heat-melting the heat-bonded short fiber to be used as a nonwoven fabric or solid cotton. In the case of dry mixing, a fiber mixing web is formed with a cotton candy machine or a random web, and in the case of wet mixing, short fibers are uniformly dispersed in water and then rolled up with a wire mesh to form a sheet. A papermaking method can be used.
A heat treatment apparatus such as a heated flat roller, a heated embossing roller, a Yankee dryer, or a thermal air-through heat treatment apparatus is suitable as a heat treatment apparatus for heating and melting the heat-fusible fiber.
[0014]
【Example】
Next, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples. In addition, the measuring method of a characteristic value is as follows.
(1) Relative viscosity Measured at a sample concentration of 0.5 g / dl and a temperature of 20 ° C. using an equal weight mixture of phenol and ethane tetrachloride as a solvent.
(2) Melting point Using a scanning differential calorimeter DSC-2 manufactured by PerkinElmer, Inc., the melting point was determined by subjecting the fiber to differential heat measurement at a temperature rising rate of 20 ° C./min. In addition, for those having strong amorphous properties and the crystalline melting point could not be discriminated, the temperature was raised while visually observing with a microscope with a hot stage, and the temperature at which softening started was determined as the melting point.
(3) Deodorization performance 1 g of a fiber sample and ammonia gas were injected into a Tedlar bag (5000 cm 3 ), the gas concentration after 3 hours was measured using a detector tube, and the deodorization rate (%) was calculated from the following formula.
[Expression 1]
Figure 0004570261
In the formula, the control gas concentration and the sample gas concentration mean the following:
Control gas concentration: Gas concentration after 3 hours when the fiber sample is not injected.
Sample gas concentration: Gas concentration after 3 hours when a fiber sample is added.
[0015]
Reference example 1
A polylactic acid chip A having a relative viscosity of 1.85 and a D-form content of 1.5 mol% and a polylactic acid master chip B containing the same polylactic acid and 20% by mass of Bincho charcoal fine particles having an average particle diameter of 1.2 μm are mixed and decompressed. After drying, an ordinary spin draw apparatus was used to obtain a long fiber having 83 dtex / 24 filament, strength of 3.8 cN / dtex, elongation of 28%, and Bincho charcoal fine particle content of 1.5% by mass.
When the deodorizing performance of this fiber was measured, the deodorizing rate was 78% and a good performance was shown.
Next, when this fiber was put in a household composting machine and viewed three weeks later, the fiber was not decomposed and retained its original shape.
[0016]
Example 1
Three chips of the chip A, the master chip B, and the polylactic acid chip C having a relative viscosity of 1.88 and a D-form content of 8.2 mol% were dried under reduced pressure, and then the chip A and the master chip B were mixed to form a core. Part and chip C are melted by using an ordinary composite melt spinning apparatus so that the sheath becomes a sheath part, and these components are compositely melted into the core sheath (mass ratio 1: 1) at a spinning temperature of 225 ° C. Spinned.
After cooling the spun yarn, it was drawn at a take-up speed of 1000 m / min to obtain an undrawn yarn. The obtained yarn is converged, drawn at a draw ratio of 3.4 times, drawn at a drawing temperature of 75 ° C. and then cut, fineness 2 dtex, cut length 51 mm, single yarn strength 3.6 cN / dtex, single yarn elongation 35%, core A composite short fiber having a component melting point of 168 ° C., a sheath component melting point of 132 ° C., and a core component Bincho charcoal fine particle content of 2.0% by mass was obtained.
50% of the obtained composite short fibers and 50 short fibers obtained from the chip A (fineness 1.7 dtex, cut length 51 mm, single yarn strength 4.1 cN / dtex, single yarn elongation 33%, melting point 168 ° C.) %, Mixed with a card machine, and further subjected to pressure-bonding treatment with a heated embossing roll (130 ° C., running speed 5 m / min.) To obtain a nonwoven fabric having a basis weight of 60 g / m 2 .
When the deodorization performance of this nonwoven fabric was measured, the deodorization rate was 70% and good performance was shown. Next, when this nonwoven fabric was put into a household composting machine and viewed three weeks later, the fiber was decomposed and did not retain its original shape.
[0017]
Comparative Example 1
In Reference Example 1, long fibers were spun in the same manner as in Reference Example 1 except that the polylactic acid master chip B was not mixed and only the polylactic acid chip A was used, that is, the Bincho charcoal fine particles were not blended.
When the deodorizing performance of this fiber was measured, a deodorizing rate of 3% and a deodorizing performance were not recognized.
[0018]
Example 2
50% of the composite short fibers obtained in Example 1 and 50% of rayon short fibers 5.6 dtex × 51 mm were mixed at a ratio of 50%, and a web was prepared through a carding machine. Subsequently, thermocompression bonding was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a nonwoven fabric having a basis weight of 23 g / m 2 .
When the deodorizing performance of this fiber was measured, the deodorizing rate was 68% and a good performance was shown.
Next, when this fiber was put in a household composting machine and viewed three weeks later, the fiber was not decomposed and retained its original shape.
[0019]
Reference example 2
Long fibers were spun and tested in the same manner as in Reference Example 1 except that only poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (homopolymer; melting point 175 ° C.) was used instead of polylactic acid.
As a result, a fiber having a strength of 3.3 cN / dtex and an elongation of 34% was obtained.
When the deodorization performance of this fiber was measured, the deodorization rate was 77% and a good performance was shown.
Next, when this fiber was put in a household composting machine and viewed three weeks later, the fiber was not decomposed and retained its original shape.
[0020]
Reference example 3
The charcoal fine particle content rate is 1.5% by weight in the same manner as in Reference Example 1 except that charcoal fine particles made from charcoal baked at 700 ° C are used instead of Bincho charcoal fine particles. Of long fibers.
When the deodorizing performance of this fiber was measured, it showed a good performance with a deodorization rate of 73%.
Next, when this fiber was put in a household composting machine and viewed three weeks later, the fiber was not decomposed and retained its original shape.
[0021]
【The invention's effect】
Since the biodegradable fiber obtained in the present invention contains fine charcoal particles, functions such as deodorization, far-infrared radiation, and negative ion effect are added while substantially maintaining the fiber physical properties. Can be completely biodegraded by processing with a composting machine.

Claims (5)

共に生分解性合成繊維である芯部繊維と該芯部繊維より融点が20℃以上低い鞘部繊維とからなり、芯部繊維が生分解性合成繊維中に備長炭微粒子を練り込んでなる熱融着性の芯鞘型生分解性合成繊維。 Consists core fiber and the core portion melting point than the fiber is low sheath fiber 20 ° C. or higher are both biodegradable synthetic fibers, core fibers are kneaded with charcoal particles in biodegradable Shoai formed fibers Heat-sealable core-sheath type biodegradable synthetic fiber. 生分解性合成繊維が脂肪族ポリエステル繊維である請求項1に記載の生分解性合成繊維。Biodegradable synthetic fibers of claim 1 biodegradable Shoai formed fibers is an aliphatic polyester fibers. 生分解性を有する脂肪族ポリエステル繊維がポリ乳酸繊維である請求項2に記載の生分解性合成繊維。  The biodegradable synthetic fiber according to claim 2, wherein the biodegradable aliphatic polyester fiber is a polylactic acid fiber. 心芯鞘型または偏芯芯鞘型の構造を有する請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の生分解性合成繊維。 Biodegradable synthetic fibers according to claim 1 having the structure of the Kokoroshinsaya type or Henshinshinsaya type. 芯部繊維が融点160℃以上のポリ乳酸、鞘部繊維が融点110〜150℃のポリ乳酸である請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の生分解性合成繊維。The biodegradable synthetic fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the core fiber is polylactic acid having a melting point of 160 ° C or higher and the sheath fiber is polylactic acid having a melting point of 110 to 150 ° C.
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