JP4573709B2 - Passive damper - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a passive damper used for a small-scale building structure such as a private wooden house, or a general structure such as a machine or an automobile.

  Conventionally, for middle and low-rise and high-rise reinforced concrete buildings mainly used in apartment buildings and office buildings, in order to improve their seismic performance, for example, laminated rubber or laminated rubber and dampers are combined. It is known to use a large-scale seismic isolation device and a passive or active seismic control device. These seismic isolation devices and damping devices not only require a large installation space due to their large scale, but also have a very high cost burden in both production and construction, such as private houses where wooden buildings are the mainstream It cannot be said that it is a practical seismic structure for small-scale houses.

  Therefore, in order to improve the seismic performance in small-scale houses, in general, struts, fire-beams, external frames, etc. are generally used between the columns and beams or the joints between the beams that make up the framework of small-scale wooden houses. It is used to construct reinforcement members diagonally to increase the yield strength or to improve toughness by shear reinforcement of columns.

  Since the earthquake-resistant structure as described above does not have vibration damping performance that absorbs energy input to the framework during an earthquake, reinforcing members such as braces first yield when a large earthquake exceeding the design strength occurs. Leading to breakage or damage. Once the reinforcing member is broken or damaged, it is not possible to expect the effect of increasing the strength of the entire house by the reinforcing member. Therefore, not only can not ensure sufficient seismic performance against large earthquakes exceeding design strength, even if the whole house does not collapse, unless the reinforcing member that has been broken or damaged is replaced, The entire house cannot be restored to its original strength.

Therefore, damping dampers and joint dampers that have a restoration function and can exhibit vibration damping performance during an earthquake have been proposed (for example, see Patent Documents 1 and 2).
JP 2000-110399 A (paragraphs 0011 to 0015 and FIGS. 1 to 3) JP 2003-247269 A (paragraphs 0016 to 0025 and FIGS. 1 to 3)

  Small houses including detached wooden houses are affected by a wide range of vibrations from relatively small vibrations such as wind, traffic vibrations, and small earthquakes to large vibrations of large earthquakes. Cannot cope with a wide range of vibrations, from relatively small vibrations to large earthquakes.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a passive damper capable of exhibiting a vibration damping effect over a wide range of vibrations from small vibrations to large vibrations.

In the first aspect of the present invention, the first and second high-rigidity members provided so as to be capable of relative displacement are integrally coupled via a vibration damping material, and the first and second elements constituting the structure are combined with the first and second elements. A passive damper using a second high-rigidity member in combination, wherein the vibration damping material has a shear elastic modulus G = 0.001 to 0.25 N / mm ² and an equivalent damping constant Heq = 20 to 40%. And a second vibration damping material having a shear elastic modulus G = 0.20 to 2.0 N / mm ² and an equivalent damping constant Heq = 20 to 40%, The shear elastic modulus and the equivalent damping constant are set so that the first vibration damping material absorbs small vibration energy, and the second vibration damping material absorbs medium to large vibration energy, respectively. Relative variation between the first high-rigidity member and the second high-rigidity member A switching mechanism that causes the first vibration damping material to exhibit a damping function when the amount is less than a set value, and causes the second vibration damping material to exhibit a damping function when the relative displacement amount exceeds the set value. It is characterized by providing.

  In this way, when the relative displacement amount between the first high-rigidity member and the second high-rigidity member is less than the set value, the switching mechanism absorbs the energy of small vibration without performing the switching operation. When the relative displacement exceeds the set value, the damping function is exhibited by the second vibration damping material that absorbs medium to large vibration energy by the switching operation of the switching mechanism. It can be demonstrated. Therefore, the first and second vibration damping materials are used in combination, and the use of both of these vibration damping materials is selectively used by the switching mechanism according to the magnitude of the vibration, so that a wide range of vibrations from a small vibration to a large vibration can be obtained. A vibration damping effect can be exhibited.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, the first high-rigidity member is a cylindrical member, and the second high-rigidity member is a shaft member provided inside the cylindrical member, and the first and second A high-rigidity cylindrical intermediate member is provided between the high-rigidity members so as to be relatively displaceable with respect to the first and second high-rigidity members, and the first or second high-rigidity member is the first vibration. The intermediate member is connected to the intermediate member via a damping member, the intermediate member is connected to the second or first high-rigidity member via the second vibration damping member, and the intermediate member and the first or second member are connected to the intermediate member. The switching mechanism may be provided alongside the first vibration damping material between the high-rigidity member. According to a third aspect of the present invention, the first high-rigidity member is a cylindrical member, and the second high-rigidity member is provided therein, and the second high-rigidity member is provided in the first high-rigidity member. An intermediate member is provided so as to be axially displaced with respect to the first and second high-rigidity members so as to be displaced relative to the first and second high-rigidity members, and the first or second high-rigidity member is the first vibration damping material. The first high-rigidity member is connected to the second high-rigidity member via the second vibration damping material, and the intermediate member and the first or second The switching mechanism may be provided alongside the first vibration damping material between the high-rigidity member. In the second and third aspects of the invention, the first vibration damping member is provided between the first or second high-rigidity member and the intermediate member, and the first vibration damping member is provided. The switching mechanism is arranged between the high-rigidity member and the intermediate member.

  In this case, when the relative displacement amount between the first high-rigidity member and the second high-rigidity member is less than the set value, the first high-rigidity member and the intermediate member perform relative displacement. A damping function is exhibited by deformation of the first vibration damping material that absorbs vibration energy. When the relative displacement amount exceeds the set value, the relative displacement between the first high-rigidity member and the intermediate member is restricted by the switching mechanism, and the deformation of the first vibration damping material is restricted. As a result, since the first high-rigidity member (intermediate member) and the second high-rigidity member perform relative displacement, a damping function is achieved by deformation of the second vibration damping material that absorbs medium to large vibration energy. Demonstrated.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the first and second high-rigidity members are configured to have an L-shaped cross section having a mounting plate portion and a support plate portion that are orthogonal to each other, and the both high-rigidity members. Of the first intermediate plate member is connected to each of the attachment plate portions via the first vibration damping material, and between the first intermediate members, A second intermediate plate member may be connected via the second vibration damping material , and the switching mechanism may be provided between each of the attachment plate portions and the first intermediate plate member. it can.

  In this way, when the relative displacement between the mounting plate portions of the first high-rigidity member and the second high-rigidity member is less than the set value, both the mounting plate portions and the first intermediate plate member are Since the relative displacement is performed, the damping function is exhibited by the first vibration damping material that absorbs the energy of the small vibration. When the relative displacement amount exceeds the set value, the relative displacement between the both mounting plate portions and the first intermediate plate member is restricted, and the first intermediate plate member and the second intermediate plate member are relative to each other. Since the displacement is performed, the damping function is exhibited by the second vibration damping material that absorbs medium to large vibration energy by the switching mechanism.

As described in claim 5, the first and second high-rigidity members are configured in an L-shaped cross section having a mounting plate portion and a support plate portion orthogonal to each other, and the both high-rigidity members Are attached so that one surface of the intermediate plate member is connected to one of the attachment plate portions via a first vibration damping material, and the second vibration is connected to the other surface of the intermediate member. The other of the attachment plate portions may be connected via a damping material , and the switching mechanism may be provided between one of the attachment plate portions and the intermediate plate member.

  In this way, compared with the invention of claim 4, the number of vibration damping members and intermediate plate members can be reduced to obtain substantially the same effect.

In these cases, as described in claim 6 , the switching mechanism includes a pair of locked protrusions protruding from the first high-rigidity member or intermediate member, and the intermediate member or first high-rigidity. It is possible to configure with engaging convex portions provided on the member and positioned between the locked convex portions.

  If it does in this way, a switching mechanism can be simply constituted by a pair of locked convex parts and an engagement convex part located between them.

As described in claim 7 , the second high-rigidity member is a shaft member, and an end portion of the shaft member is provided with a turnbuckle that enables a minute length adjustment during construction. It is good also as a structure.

  If it does in this way, the slight damper length at the time of construction can be adjusted using the turnbuckle of the 2nd high rigidity member (shaft member).

  Since the present invention is configured as described above, the present invention reduces the energy of small vibrations when the relative displacement between the first high-rigidity member and the second high-rigidity member is less than the set value by the switching operation of the switching mechanism. The first vibration damping material that absorbs exhibits a damping function, and when the relative displacement exceeds the set value, the second vibration damping material that absorbs medium to large vibration energy exhibits the damping function. Can do. Therefore, the vibration damping effect can be exhibited with respect to a wide range of vibrations from small vibrations to large vibrations.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
(First embodiment)
This example is an example of a hybrid passive damper that is a cylindrical body.

  As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, a hybrid passive damper 11 includes a cylindrical outer cylinder member 12 (first high-rigidity member) positioned outside, and an inner side of the outer cylinder member 12. The shaft member 13 (second high-rigidity member) having a circular cross-section located is integrally coupled via a cylindrical vibration damping material 14 and a cylindrical intermediate member 15 located between them. Consists of. The damper 11 is used by connecting the end portions of the outer cylinder member 12 and the shaft member 13 to two elements constituting a framework (structure) of a small-scale house.

  The vibration damping material 14 includes a first vibration damping material 14A that absorbs energy of small vibrations and a second vibration damping material 14B that absorbs energy of medium to large vibrations. That is, the intermediate member 15 is bonded and fixed to the inner side of the outer cylindrical member 12 via the first vibration damping material 14A, and the shaft member 13 is bonded and fixed to the inner side of the intermediate member 15 via the second vibration damping material 14B. Has been.

  The outer cylinder member 12, the shaft member 13, the vibration damping materials 14A and 14B, and the intermediate member 15 are arranged concentrically, and the outer cylinder member 12, the shaft member 13 and the intermediate member 15 are allowed by the vibration damping materials 14A and 14B. Relative displacement is possible within the range.

As the first vibration damping material 14A, a material that exhibits low damping (G = 0.001 to 0.25 N / mm ² ) and high damping performance (Heq = 20 to 40%) for small vibrations, for example, Polyurethane rubber is used to absorb the energy of small vibrations. As the second vibration damping material 14B, for medium to large vibrations, the damping capability is high in the elastic range (G = 0.20 to 2.0 N / mm ² ), which has a proven track record in seismic isolation and support (Heq = 20 to 40%), for example, high damping rubber (HDR) is used, and is effective in absorbing medium to large vibration energy.

  Between the intermediate member 15 and the outer cylinder member 12, when the relative displacement between the outer cylinder member 12 and the shaft member 13 is less than a set value, the damping function is exhibited by shear deformation of the first vibration damping member 14A. When the relative displacement amount exceeds the set value, there is provided a switching mechanism 16 that exhibits a damping function by shear deformation of the second vibration damping material 14B.

  The switching mechanism 16 is provided on the intermediate member 15 and a pair of engaged protrusions 12a that protrude inward from the outer cylinder member 12 and are separated in the relative displacement direction between the outer cylinder member 12 and the shaft member 13. It is comprised by the engagement convex part 15a located between the stop convex parts 12a, and it switches, when the relative displacement of setting value (DELTA) S arises, and those relative displacements are controlled. The intermediate member 15 is provided with a pair of locked protrusions that protrude from the outer cylinder member 12 and are separated from each other in the relative displacement direction, and the engagement protrusions that are located between the locked protrusions on the outer cylinder member 12. Needless to say, it is also possible to adopt a structure in which

  A turnbuckle 13a is formed at the end of the shaft member 13, and the length of the shaft member 13 and thus the damper 11 can be adjusted during construction.

If comprised as mentioned above, when the relative displacement amount of the outer cylinder member 12 and the shaft member 13 is less than a set value ΔS (for example, 1.0 to 5.0 mm), the first vibration damping material 14A is more suitable. Since the second vibration damping material 14B is less elastic than the second vibration damping material 14B, the first vibration damping material 14A is deformed without deformation of the second vibration damping material 14B, and the first vibration damping material 14A has a damping function. Demonstrate.

  On the other hand, when the relative displacement amount exceeds the set value ΔS, the switching mechanism 16 restricts the shear deformation of the first vibration damping material 14A in the relative displacement direction, so that the second vibration damping material 14B is deformed. The second vibration damping material 14B exhibits a damping function.

In this way, this damper is a low-vibration structure that is expected to normally occur with an inexpensive and simple structure, compared to a conventional damper with a high cost and limited construction conditions and a conventional damper with limited vibration conditions. It can correspond to the vibration width of all vibrations from large to large vibrations. That is, for small-scale vibration, low elasticity (G = 0.001 to 0.25 N / mm ² ) and high damping (Heq = 20
The vibration energy is absorbed by taking advantage of the characteristics of the first vibration damping material 14A (polyurethane rubber) of about 40%), and the second vibration damping material 14B (high damping rubber (HDR)) for large-scale vibration. The vibration energy is absorbed by taking advantage of the characteristics of elasticity (G = 0.20 to 2.0 N / mm ² ) and high damping (Heq = 20 to 40%). By arranging both the vibration damping materials 14A and 14B in series, it is possible to suppress all types of vibrations using their respective characteristics.

  And the said damper 11 can also be arrange | positioned in a bracing form diagonally with respect to the frame 41 which consists of the pillar 41a and the beam 41b, as shown in FIG. 2 at the time of new construction and earthquake-proof reinforcement, When it is not possible to arrange such an arrangement or when it is necessary to provide an opening such as a window, it is possible to reduce the size slightly and arrange it in a rectangular shape at the four corners of the frame as shown in FIG. In addition, even in the case of the frame 41 ′ having a through hole 41c that connects the pillars horizontally, the frame 41 ′ may not be stored in the standard size. In this case, as shown in FIG. Is possible. In the case of a detached wooden house, the damper can be designed with a diameter of 10 cm or less, and the weight can be reduced. Thereby, workability improves and the stable damping performance can be exhibited by eliminating a construction defect.

  As an example, for a detached wooden house, as shown in FIG. 2, the case where the dampers were arranged in a brace shape (see FIG. 2) was examined.

Assuming that the general first-floor column height is 2850 mm, the space between columns is 900 mm, and a horizontal force of 6 kN is input to one surface as a small scale vibration, assuming that the interlayer deformation angle is 1/500, the damper The elongation of (breath) is about 1.8 mm.

Therefore, it is assumed that the switching mechanism 16 acts when the displacement amount of the first vibration damping material 14A (low rigidity and high damping polyurethane rubber) moves about 2 mm. The shear elastic modulus is (G) = 0.15 N / mm ² . In this case, the thickness is 0.5 mm, the width is 40 mm, and the length is 900 mm. For further displacement due to large-scale vibration, the switching mechanism 16 causes the second vibration damping material 14B (high damping rubber) to act, and a horizontal force of 80 kN is input to one surface, and the interlayer deformation angle is reduced to 1/120. Assuming that, the extension of the damper (brace) is about 7.3 mm. When the shear modulus is G = 0.8 N / mm ² , the thickness is 1.5 mm, the width is 40 mm, and the length is 1600 mm.

  In the embodiment described above, the outer cylinder member 12, the shaft member 13, and the intermediate member 15 are provided and the double structure having the two vibration damping members 14A and 14B is provided. The number of the intermediate members is increased and the number of vibration damping materials is increased by appropriately selecting whether the vibration damping material provided between them is the first vibration damping material or the second vibration damping material. It is also possible to have a quintuple structure. In this case, it is possible to further increase the types of vibration damping materials, for example, using a vibration damping material having a vibration damping performance intermediate between the first and second vibration damping materials 14A and 14B.

Moreover, although the said embodiment has demonstrated the case where it uses with respect to a small-sized building structure, the use of the passive damper concerning 1st Embodiment is not limited to it, In addition, a machine, It can also be used for general structures such as automobiles.
(Second Embodiment)
This example is an example of a flat hybrid passive damper.

  As shown in FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b), the damper 21 is provided with a shaft member 23 (second high-rigidity member) having a quadrangular cross section at the center of the inside of a rectangular cylindrical cylindrical member 22. A plate-like intermediate member 24 is provided in the inside of the member 22 and on both sides of the shaft member 23 so as to be shifted in the axial direction (relative displacement direction) from the shaft member 23. The cylindrical member 22, the shaft member 23, and the intermediate member 24 are provided so as to be relatively displaceable via the first and second vibration damping members 25A and 25B, as in the first embodiment.

The cylindrical member 22 and the intermediate member 24 are coupled by bonding via the first vibration damping material 25A, and the cylindrical member 22 and the shaft member 23 are bonded by bonding via the second vibration damping material 25B. Are combined. When the relative displacement of the set value ΔS is generated between the intermediate member 24 and the cylindrical member 22, as in the first embodiment, including the locked convex portion 22 a and the engaging convex portion 24 a, A switching mechanism 26 that switches the operations of the second vibration damping members 25A and 25B is provided.
(Third embodiment)
This example is an example of a joint type hybrid passive damper.

  As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the damper 31 includes first and second high-rigidity members 32 and 33 each having an L-shaped cross section. The first and second high-rigidity members 32 and 33 include triangular plate-shaped attachment plate portions 32A and 33A and rectangular plate-shaped support plate portions 32B and 33B that are orthogonal to each other. The first and second high-rigidity members 32 and 33 are provided so that the mounting plate portions 32A and 33A face each other. Then, triangular plate-shaped intermediate plate members 35A, 35A are bonded to the respective mounting plate portions 32A, 32A via triangular plate-shaped first vibration damping members 34A, 34A, respectively. Another triangular plate-shaped intermediate plate member 35B is disposed between the intermediate plate members 35A and 35A, and the two are coupled by bonding via triangular plate-shaped second vibration damping members 34B and 34B. Yes. Switching between the mounting plate portions 32A and 32A and the intermediate plate members 35A and 35A is made up of the locked convex portions 32Aa, 32Aa, 33Aa, 33Aa and the engaging convex portions 35a as in the first embodiment. A mechanism 36 is provided. As shown in FIG. 8, for example, the damper 31 has support plate portions 32 </ b> B and 33 </ b> B attached to a joint portion between the column 42 and the horizontal member 43 by a fixture such as a nail. Although two switching mechanisms 36 are provided on both sides of the first vibration damping material 34A, it is not always necessary and only one switching mechanism 36 may be provided.

  In the example shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the first and second vibration damping members 34 </ b> A and 34 </ b> B may be provided one by one and configured as shown in FIG. 9.

That is, the damper 31 ′ is provided so that the mounting plate portions 32A ′ and 33A ′ of the first and second high-rigidity members 32 ′ and 33 ′ face each other, and the first vibration is applied to one of the mounting plate portions 32A ′. One surface of the intermediate plate member 35 is bonded by bonding through the damping material 34A, and the mounting plate portion 33A ′ is bonded by bonding to the other surface of the intermediate plate member 35 through the second vibration damping material 34B. A switching mechanism 36 is provided between one of the attachment plate portions 32A ′ and the intermediate plate member 35.

The cylindrical hybrid passive damper which is the 1st Embodiment of this invention is shown, (a) is a center longitudinal cross-sectional view, (b) is sectional drawing in the AA line of Fig.1 (a). . It is explanatory drawing which shows the example of arrangement | positioning of a damper. It is explanatory drawing which shows the other example of arrangement | positioning of a damper. It is explanatory drawing which shows another example of arrangement | positioning of a damper. The cylindrical hybrid passive damper which is the 2nd Embodiment of this invention is shown, (a) is a center longitudinal cross-sectional view, (b) is sectional drawing in the BB line of Fig.5 (a). . It is a center longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the cylindrical hybrid type passive damper which is the 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is the same exploded perspective view. It is explanatory drawing which shows the example of arrangement | positioning of the damper which is the said 3rd Embodiment. It is explanatory drawing which shows the modification of the said 3rd Embodiment.

Explanation of symbols

11 Passive damper 12 Outer cylinder member (first high rigidity member)
12a Locked portion 13 Shaft member (second high rigidity member)
14A 1st vibration damping material 14B 2nd vibration damping material 15 Intermediate member 15a Engagement convex part 16 Switching mechanism 21 Passive damper 22 Cylindrical member (1st highly rigid member)
23 Shaft member (second high-rigidity member)
24 Intermediate member 25A First vibration damping material 25B Second vibration damping material 26 Switching mechanism 31 Passive damper 32, 32 'First high-rigidity member 33, 33' Second high-rigidity member 32A, 32A ', 33A, 33A 'mounting plate portion 32B, 33B support plate portion 35, 35A, 35B intermediate plate member 36 switching mechanism

Claims (7)

The first and second high-rigidity members provided so as to be relatively displaceable are integrally coupled via a vibration damping material, and the first and second high-rigidity members are attached to two elements constituting the structure. Passive dampers used in combination,
The vibration damping material includes a first vibration damping material having a shear modulus G = 0.001 to 0.25 N / mm ² and an equivalent damping constant Heq = 20 to 40%, and a shear modulus G = 0.20. -2.0N / mm < ² > and the second vibration damping material having an equivalent damping constant Heq = 20-40%,
The shear elastic modulus and the equivalent damping constant are set so that the first vibration damping material absorbs small vibration energy, and the second vibration damping material absorbs medium to large vibration energy. ,
When the relative displacement amount between the first high-rigidity member and the second high-rigidity member is less than a set value, the first vibration damping material exhibits a damping function, and the relative displacement amount exceeds the set value. A passive damper comprising a switching mechanism for exerting a damping function by the second vibration damping material. The first high-rigidity member is a cylindrical member, and the second high-rigidity member is a shaft member provided inside the cylindrical member, and has high rigidity between the first and second high-rigidity members. A cylindrical intermediate member is provided so as to be relatively displaceable with respect to the first and second high-rigidity members,
The first or second high-rigidity member is connected to an intermediate member via the first vibration damping material, and the intermediate member is connected to the second or first high-rigidity material via the second vibration damping material. Connected to the member,
The passive damper according to claim 1, wherein the switching mechanism is provided between the intermediate member and the first or second high-rigidity member alongside the first vibration damping material. The first high-rigidity member is a cylindrical member, and the second high-rigidity member is provided inside the first high-rigidity member, and the first high-rigidity member is shifted in the axial direction from the second high-rigidity member in the middle. A member is provided to be relatively displaceable with respect to the first and second high-rigidity members;
The first or second high-rigidity member is connected to the intermediate member via the first vibration damping material, and the first high-rigidity member is connected to the second vibration damping material via the second vibration damping material. Connected to a highly rigid member,
2. The passive damper according to claim 1, wherein the switching mechanism is provided alongside the first vibration damping material between the intermediate member and the first or second high-rigidity member. The first and second high-rigidity members are configured to have an L-shaped cross section having a mounting plate portion and a support plate portion orthogonal to each other, and the mounting plate portions of the two high-rigidity members face each other. Provided,
A first intermediate plate member is connected to each of the mounting plate portions via the first vibration damping material,
A second intermediate plate member is connected between the first intermediate members via the second vibration damping material ,
The passive damper according to claim 1, wherein the switching mechanism is provided between each of the mounting plate portions and the first intermediate plate member. The first and second high-rigidity members are configured to have an L-shaped cross section having a mounting plate portion and a support plate portion orthogonal to each other, and the mounting plate portions of the two high-rigidity members face each other. Provided,
One surface of the intermediate plate member is connected to one of the mounting plate portions via a first vibration damping material,
The other side of the attachment plate portion is connected to the other surface of the intermediate member via the second vibration damping material ,
The passive damper according to claim 1, wherein the switching mechanism is provided between one of the mounting plate portions and the intermediate plate member. The switching mechanism is provided between a pair of locked protrusions protruding from the first high-rigidity member or intermediate member and the locked protrusions provided on the intermediate member or the first high-rigidity member. The passive damper according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the passive damper is configured by an engaging convex portion that is positioned. The second high-rigidity member is a shaft member, and an end portion of the shaft member is provided with a turnbuckle that enables a minute length adjustment during construction. Passive damper.

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