JP4577802B2 - Method for producing foam molded body and foam molded body - Google Patents
Method for producing foam molded body and foam molded body Download PDFInfo
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- JP4577802B2 JP4577802B2 JP2000237449A JP2000237449A JP4577802B2 JP 4577802 B2 JP4577802 B2 JP 4577802B2 JP 2000237449 A JP2000237449 A JP 2000237449A JP 2000237449 A JP2000237449 A JP 2000237449A JP 4577802 B2 JP4577802 B2 JP 4577802B2
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、熱可塑性芳香族ポリエステル樹脂発泡粒子を使用して、得られる発泡成形体に実用的な耐熱性を維持しつつ成形サイクルを短縮する発泡成形体の製造方法と、実用的な耐熱性が付与された発泡成形体に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
熱可塑性芳香族ポリエステル樹脂発泡粒子の型内成形時の熱膨張性と融着性を良好なものとするために、該発泡粒子の結晶化度を25%以下とすることが特開平8−174590号公報により提案されている。その公知文献に記載された発明により得られる型内発泡成形体の場合は、耐熱性を著しく低下させないために、その結晶化度を15%以上、好ましくは20%以上とされる。そしてその実施例を見ると、発泡成形体の結晶化度を20%以上とするために、型内に充填された発泡粒子はいずれの実施例においても計150秒も加熱されており、発泡成形体の耐熱性向上のためにはかなり長い加熱時間を余儀なくされていることが分かる。加熱時間が長いと成形サイクルが長くなり、生産効率が低下してしまうのでその点の改善が望まれる。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、熱可塑性芳香族ポリエステル樹脂発泡粒子を使用して、得られる発泡成形体に実用的な耐熱性を維持しつつ成形サイクルを短縮する発泡成形体の製造方法と、実用的な耐熱性が付与された発泡成形体を提供することをその課題とする。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
そこで、本発明者等は、前記課題を解決すべく鋭意研究した結果、発泡成形体の表面部分の結晶化度を高めた場合には、発泡成形体の内部の結晶化度を低く維持しても得られる発泡成形体は実用的な耐熱性を有し、結果として成形サイクルも短縮することが判明し、本発明を完成させるに至った。
【0005】
即ち、本発明によれば、結晶化度が16%以下の熱可塑性芳香族ポリエステル樹脂発泡粒子を型内に充填し、次いで該発泡粒子を加熱して発泡粒子同士を融着させて発泡成形体を製造する方法において、得られる発泡成形体表面の結晶化度を20%以上とし、且つ該発泡成形体内部の結晶化度を18%以下とすることを特徴とする発泡成形体の製造方法が提供される。
また、本発明によれば、熱可塑性芳香族ポリエステル樹脂発泡粒子を型内で成形してなる発泡成形体であって、該発泡成形体表面の結晶化度が20%以上、且つ該発泡成形体内部の結晶化度が18%以下であることを特徴とする発泡成形体が提供される。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の発泡成形体の基材樹脂である熱可塑性芳香族ポリエステル樹脂は、多価カルボン酸に多価アルコールを反応させて得られる高分子量の鎖状ポリエステル樹脂である。多価カルボン酸としては、テレフタル酸が多く用いられるが、その他にイソフタル酸、オルトフタル酸、2,6−ナフタレンジカルボン酸、パラフェニレンジカルボン酸、1,4−シクロヘキサンジカルボン酸、コハク酸、グルタル酸、アジピン酸、スベリン酸、アゼライン酸、セバシン酸、ドデカンジオン酸、トリメリット酸、ピコメリット酸、スルホイソフタル酸ナトリウム等の多価カルボン酸が例示される。これら多価カルボン酸は重縮合時に単独で又は複数種を同時に使用することができる。一方、多価アルコールとしては、エチレングリコール、ブチレングリコールが主に使用されるが、その他として1,2−プロピレングリコール、1,3−プロピレングリコール、1,4−ブタンジオール、1,5−ペンタンジオール、1,6−ヘキサンジオール、ネオペンチルグリコール、ジエチレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリテトラメチレングリコール、1,4−シクロヘキサンジメタノール、ビスフェノールAのエチレンオキサイド付加物、トリメチロールプロパン、ペンタエリスリトール等の多価アルコールが例示される。これら多価アルコールは重縮合時に単独で又は複数種を同時に使用することができる。
【0007】
本発明の発泡成形体の基材樹脂である熱可塑性芳香族ポリエステル樹脂としては、具体的には、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、テレフタル酸とイソフタル酸とエチレングルコールの共重合体、テレフタル酸とエチレングルコールとネオペンチルグリコールの共重合体、テレフタル酸とエチレングルコールとシクロヘキサンジメタノールの共重合体等が例示される。
本発明の発泡成形体の基材樹脂である熱可塑性芳香族ポリエステル樹脂は、単独で又は複数種類を混合して使用される。
本発明では、発泡成形体の基材樹脂である熱可塑性芳香族ポリエステル樹脂としては、単独重合体、共重合体、複数種類の混合物を問わず、融解熱量が30J/g以上であることが好ましく(35J/g以上であることがより好ましい)、融解熱量が30J/g以上であると発泡成形体の加熱時間を短くしても耐熱性を向上させやすい。尚、共重合成分が多いほど基材樹脂の融点は低下し、その融解熱量は低下する傾向にある。その融解熱量の上限値は、通常、45〜60J/gである。
【0008】
基材樹脂の融解熱量は、示差走査熱量計を使用し、基材樹脂2mgを室温(5℃〜30℃)から昇温速度10℃/min.で300℃まで加熱したら直ちに降温速度10℃/min.で40℃まで冷却したら直ちに昇温速度10℃/min.で300℃まで再度加熱した時に得られる再加熱の際の解析チャート(DSC解析データ)から算出される。
具体的には、基材樹脂の融解熱量は、基材樹脂の吸熱ピークの面積に相当する吸熱量を基材樹脂1g当たりの吸熱量に換算されるが、ここでいう基材樹脂の吸熱ピークの面積とは、吸熱ピーク曲線と、吸熱開始温度から吸熱終了温度までの直線とで囲まれる面積を意味する。上記吸熱開始温度とは、吸熱ピーク曲線の開始地点を意味するが、ここでは、吸熱ピークの開始直前の実質的に直線と認められる仮想直線と吸熱ピークとが離れ始める地点の温度を言う。また、上記吸熱終了温度とは、吸熱ピーク曲線の終了地点を意味するが、ここでは、吸熱ピークの終了直後の実質的に直線と認められる仮想直線と吸熱ピークとが接し始める地点の温度を言う。
【0009】
本発明では、基材樹脂中には、各種添加剤を混合することが可能である。各種添加剤としては、例えば、気泡調整剤、難燃剤、帯電防止剤、酸化防止剤、耐候剤、着色剤、増粘剤等が例示される。これらは必要最小限の量添加されることが好ましい。また、基材樹脂中には、本発明の目的を阻害しない範囲内で他の熱可塑性樹脂や熱可塑性エラストマー等を少量添加することができるが、その量は、基材樹脂中で10重量%以下が好ましく、5重量%以下がより好ましく、3重量%以下が更に好ましく、0〜1重量%が最も好ましい。
【0010】
本発明の発泡成形体を製造するには、結晶化度が16%以下の熱可塑性芳香族ポリエステル樹脂発泡粒子を使用するが、熱可塑性芳香族ポリエステル樹脂発泡粒子は、熱可塑性芳香族ポリエステル樹脂を押出機で溶融させると共に発泡剤と混練して発泡性溶融混練物となし、次いで、ストランド状に押出発泡させると共に所定の長さに切断して粒子状にすることにより製造することができる。又は、その発泡性溶融混練物をシート状等に押出発泡させると共に所定の大きさに裁断して粒子状にすることにより製造することができる。この際、発泡粒子の結晶化度を16%以下にするが、そのためには、押出発泡直後の発泡途上にある押出物を急冷しなければならない。徐冷した場合には発泡粒子の結晶化度を16%以下にすることができない。発泡粒子の結晶化度が16%を越えるようになると、型内成形時に発泡粒子が粒子間の空隙を埋めるための膨張力が不足したり、発泡粒子間の融着性が悪化してしまう等の問題が生じるので避けなければならない。型内成形時に発泡粒子が粒子間の空隙を埋めるための膨張力を高めるために且つ発泡粒子間の融着を強固なものにする上では発泡粒子の結晶化度は低いほど好ましく、0%であることもできるが、通常は0.1〜9%の範囲が望ましい。また、前記発泡剤としては、結晶化を促進しないものが好ましく、そのような発泡剤としてはプロパン、ブタン、ペンタン、ヘキサン等のような飽和脂肪族炭化水素が好ましい。
【0011】
また、熱可塑性芳香族ポリエステル樹脂発泡粒子は、熱可塑性芳香族ポリエステル樹脂を押出機で溶融させると共に発泡剤と混練して発泡性溶融混練物となし、次いで、実質的に発泡を生じさせることなく発泡性溶融混練物を押出して粒子状に裁断又は切断又は粉砕し、続いて、このようにして得られた発泡剤を含有するが実質的に無発泡の粒子(以下「発泡性粒子」という)を飽和スチーム等で加熱することにより発泡させて製造することもできる。尚、発泡性溶融混練物を実質的に発泡を生じさせることなく押出す際は、発泡粒子の結晶化度を16%以下にする必要から前記と同様に押出物の急冷が不可欠である。
【0012】
発泡性粒子を飽和スチームで加熱することにより発泡させて発泡粒子を製造する方法では、その際のスチーム温度としては80〜120℃、好ましくは80〜110℃である。100℃以下のスチームは低温蒸気発生装置を使用すれば製造可能である。発泡性粒子に吹き付けるスチームの温度が高くなるほど、得られる発泡粒子の結晶化度は高まる傾向にあるし、また、発泡粒子同士の熱融着(ブロッキング)が生じるので好ましくない。発泡性粒子に吹き付けるスチームの温度及び加熱時間は、発泡粒子を得ることができる最低の温度及び最短の時間で行うことが低結晶化度の発泡粒子を製造する上で好ましい。また、得られた発泡粒子は結晶化が進行しにくい温度にて風乾されるが、具体的には15〜40℃の温度下で風乾されることが好ましい。
【0013】
また、前記発泡性粒子は、熱可塑性芳香族ポリエステル樹脂粒子を密閉容器内に入れて高圧の発泡剤に所定の時間接触させて粒子に発泡剤を含浸させ、その後、密閉容器内から取り出すことにより製造することもできる。この際の発泡剤としては無機ガス、特に二酸化炭素の使用が好ましい。発泡剤の含浸の際は、基材樹脂である熱可塑性芳香族ポリエステル樹脂のガラス転移温度以下の温度下で実施することが好ましい。含浸温度が高く、含浸圧力が高いほど、含浸時間は短くなる。しかし、含浸温度が高くなりすぎると基材樹脂の結晶化が進んでしまい、結果として、得られる発泡粒子の結晶化度を16%以下にすることが困難となる虞がある。従って、その含浸時の温度は、20〜60℃であることが好ましく、20〜35℃であることがさらに好ましい。またその含浸時の発泡剤の圧力は、目的とする発泡粒子の発泡倍率によっても変わってくるが通常は980〜4000kPa(G)である。含浸時間は通常は1〜24時間である。発泡剤として好ましい二酸化炭素を使用する場合は、通常、二酸化炭素の含浸量が発泡性粒子中に0.5〜10.0重量%となるように実施される。
【0014】
低結晶化度の発泡粒子を製造するうえでは、前記した点以外でも、各工程において熱可塑性芳香族ポリエステル樹脂の結晶化度が高くならないように注意する必要がある。例えば、熱可塑性芳香族ポリエステル樹脂は水分を含有していると結晶化が進行しやすくなるので充分乾燥させておいたり、吸湿しないように保管しておく必要がある。また、ガラス転移温度と融点との間の温度下におかれると結晶化が進行するのでその温度下に極力置かないよう注意が必要である。また、発泡性粒子を経由して発泡粒子を製造する場合は、押出発泡によって発泡粒子を製造する場合に比べて結晶化度が高くなりやすい工程を含んでいる。発泡性粒子を製造する前の段階における低結晶化度の熱可塑性芳香族ポリエステル樹脂粒子を製造する際は、充分乾燥させた基材樹脂をベント口付きの押出機内に投入し、できる限り低温下にある間にベント口で真空吸引して基材樹脂から更に水分を除去し、次いで融点以上に加熱してストランド状に押出して適当な長さにカットするが、押出直後のストランド又はそのカット品は速やかに急冷される必要がある。尚、熱可塑性芳香族ポリエステル樹脂からの水分の除去は、熱可塑性芳香族ポリエステル樹脂を加水分解させない上でも重要である。
【0015】
その際の急冷の程度が不十分であると、冷結晶化ピークの頂点の温度が低く且つその発熱量も小さなものとなる。従って、熱可塑性芳香族ポリエステル樹脂粒子の急冷の程度としては、示差走査熱量計を使用し、室温(5℃〜35℃)から昇温速度10℃/min.で300℃まで加熱した時の解析チャート(DSC解析データ)から得られる冷結晶化ピークの頂点の温度が130℃以上になるように実施されることが好ましい。その冷結晶化ピークの頂点の温度が130℃未満になると結晶化度が16%以下の発泡粒子の製造が難しくなる。
【0016】
発泡粒子の結晶化度は、示差走査熱量計を使用し、発泡粒子2mgを室温(5℃〜30℃)から昇温速度10℃/min.で300℃まで加熱したときに得られる解析チャート(DSC解析データ)に基づく1モル当たりの冷結晶化熱量と1モル当たりの融解熱量とから計算される。冷結晶化熱量(単位はJ(ジュール))とは、発泡粒子を構成する基材樹脂の昇温時に生じる結晶化発熱に起因する発熱量であり、冷結晶化発熱ピーク曲線と、発熱開始温度から発熱終了温度までの直線とで囲まれる面積に対応する。冷結晶化発熱ピーク曲線は、ガラス転移温度と融解(吸熱)ピークとの間に生じるが、発泡粒子の結晶化度が高くなるほどピーク高さが低くなり、更に結晶化度が高まると消失してしまう。一方、上記融解熱量(単位はJ(ジュール))は発泡粒子を構成する基材樹脂の融解に起因する吸熱量であり、吸熱ピーク曲線と、吸熱開始温度から吸熱終了温度までの直線とで囲まれる面積に対応する。
【0017】
上記発熱開始温度とは、冷結晶化発熱ピーク曲線の開始地点を意味するが、ここでは、冷結晶化発熱ピークの開始直前の実質的に直線と認められる仮想直線と冷結晶化発熱ピークとが離れ始める地点の温度を言う。また、上記発熱終了温度とは、冷結晶化発熱ピーク曲線の終了地点を意味するが、ここでは、冷結晶化発熱ピークの終了直後の実質的に直線と認められる仮想直線と冷結晶化発熱ピークとが接し始める地点の温度を言う。
また、上記吸熱開始温度とは、吸熱ピーク曲線の開始地点を意味するが、ここでは、吸熱ピークの開始直前の実質的に直線と認められる仮想直線と吸熱ピークとが離れ始める地点の温度を言う。また、上記吸熱終了温度とは、吸熱ピーク曲線の終了地点を意味するが、ここでは、吸熱ピークの終了直後の実質的に直線と認められる仮想直線と吸熱ピークとが接し始める地点の温度を言う。
【0018】
発泡粒子の結晶化度は、具体的には下記式により計算される。
発泡粒子の結晶化度(%)=(モル当たりの融解熱量−モル当たりの冷結晶化熱量)×100÷(完全結晶熱可塑性芳香族ポリエステル樹脂のモル当たりの融解熱量)・・・・・(式1)
尚、完全結晶熱可塑性芳香族ポリエチレンテレフタレートのモル当たりの融解熱量は、高分子データハンドブック(培風館発行)によると、26.9kJとされているので、本発明では、完全結晶熱可塑性芳香族ポリエステル樹脂のモル当たりの融解熱量としてはこの26900Jを採用する。
【0019】
上記発泡粒子は、その後の型内成形を考慮すると、見掛け密度が35g/L〜500g/Lであることが好ましく、より好ましくは40g/L〜400g/Lである。その独立気泡率は65%以上であることが好ましく、75%以上であることがより好ましく、85%以上であることが更に好ましい。
【0020】
発泡剤が充分に残っている発泡粒子はそのまま型内成形しても外観良好な成形体を製造することができるが、例えば、発泡剤が二酸化炭素の場合には、発泡直後に発泡粒子の気泡中に存在する二酸化炭素はすぐに外部に透過して発泡粒子内が減圧状態になってしまい、発泡力が低下してしまうため、その状態の発泡粒子を使用して型内成形すると外観良好な成形体を製造することは困難になってしまう。その場合には、発泡粒子内に無機ガス等のガスを含浸(追添)等して発泡力を高めてやれば外観良好な成形体を製造することができる。そのような無機ガスとしては、窒素、空気、二酸化炭素が好適に使用される。発泡粒子内に無機ガスを含浸させるには、密閉容器内に発泡粒子を入れ、その容器内に無機ガスを導入して無機ガスによる加圧状態を所定の時間維持すればよい。含浸させる際の無機ガスの圧力は29〜980kPa(G)、含浸温度は60℃以下、含浸時間は1〜30時間程度が好ましい。含浸温度が60℃を超えると結晶化状態に影響を及ぼすため好ましくない。二酸化炭素を含浸させる場合の二酸化炭素の好ましい含浸量は、含浸された後の発泡粒子に対して0.5〜8.0重量%である。
【0021】
本発明では、結晶化度が16%以下の熱可塑性芳香族ポリエステル樹脂発泡粒子を型内に充填し、次いで発泡粒子を飽和スチーム等の加熱媒体を使用して加熱して発泡粒子間の空隙を埋めると共に相互に融着させて発泡成形体を得るが、この際のスチームの温度としては103〜133℃が好ましい。また、その際の加熱時間としては3〜15秒程度が好ましい。得られる成形体の耐熱性を高めるためには、熱処理が必要となる。発泡粒子間の空隙を埋めると共に相互に融着させて発泡成形体を得ることのできる温度でスチーム加熱した後、冷却することなく、更にスチームを供給することで成形型を加熱下に維持すれば同じ型内で熱処理が可能となる。その時の成形型の温度は103〜140℃であることが好ましい。また、その際の加熱時間は、発泡粒子の加熱時間とあわせて30秒以上、好ましくは40〜110秒、より好ましくは45〜100秒である。その時のスチーム温度が高くなりすぎると得られる発泡成形体の収縮率が大きくなり、逆に低すぎると結晶化の促進時間を長く要する。
結晶化の促進工程は、成形体を金型から取り出した後、恒温槽内で行っても良いが、90℃以上に加熱が必要であるため、新規に設備投資が必要となるのであまり好ましくない。
【0022】
本発明では、発泡成形体表面の結晶化度を20%以上、好ましくは21%以上とし、発泡成形体内部の結晶化度を18%以下、好ましくは16%以下とするように成形を行うことで、成形サイクルの短縮化が可能で且つ実用的な耐熱性を有する発泡成形体の製造が可能となる。
発泡成形体表面も発泡成形体内部も共に結晶化度が高いほど、当然発泡成形体としての耐熱性は高くなるが、熱処理時間が極端に長くなる。実用上、発泡成形体表面の結晶化度を20%以上とすれば、発泡成形体内部の結晶化度は18%以下で十分である。耐熱性のさらなる向上のためには発泡成形体内部の結晶化度は8%以上が好ましく、10%以上であることがより好ましい。発泡成形体表面の結晶化度の上限値は、通常、30%程度である。
【0023】
発泡成形体表面の結晶化度は、成形型と接していた面から深さ2mmまでの部分を重量が3〜10mgとなるように直方体状に切り出し、次いで2mgの重量の試験片を得るために周囲を更にカットして試験片を作成し(即ち直方体状に切り出されたものの厚み(上記2mm深さ)はそのままとする)、その試験片に対して上記した発泡粒子の結晶化度を求める操作と同じ操作を行なって前記(式1)により計算される。具体的には、無作為に選んだ5箇所よりそれぞれ試験片を作成し、5つの試験片に対してその操作を行い、得られた5つの結晶化度を相加平均して本発明の発泡成形体表面の結晶化度が求められる。尚、この際、(式1)中の「発泡粒子の結晶化度」は「試験片の結晶化度」と読み替える。
【0024】
また、発泡成形体内部の結晶化度は、成形型と接していた面から深さ2mmまでの部分を含まないようにして、発泡成形体の厚み方向の中央部を含む2mm厚み部分を重量が3〜10mgとなるように直方体状に切り出し、次いで2mgの重量の試験片を得るために周囲を更にカットして試験片を作成し(即ち直方体状に切り出されたものの厚みはそのままとする)、その試験片に対して上記した発泡粒子の結晶化度を求める操作と同じ操作を行なって前記(式1)により計算される。具体的には、無作為に選んだ5箇所よりそれぞれ試験片を作成し、5つの試験片に対してその操作を行い、得られた5つの結晶化度を相加平均して本発明の発泡成形体内部の結晶化度が求められる。尚、この際、(式1)中の「発泡粒子の結晶化度」は「試験片の結晶化度」と読み替える。
【0025】
得られる発泡成形体表面の結晶化度を20%以上とし、且つ発泡成形体内部の結晶化度を18%以下とするには、加熱温度、加熱時間、冷却温度、及び冷却時間の調節が製造上の主たる操作になるが、その際、加熱温度は104℃〜140℃の範囲内で高い方が好ましく、加熱時間は短くすることが好ましく、冷却温度は低い方が好ましく、冷却時間は短くすることが好ましい。
冷却して型内から取り出された発泡成形体は40〜60℃の温度で2〜24時間乾燥と養生を行なうことが好ましい。
【0026】
【実施例】
以下、実施例を挙げて本発明を更に詳細に説明する。
実施例1
基材樹脂である熱可塑性芳香族ポリエステル樹脂として、三菱化学株式会社製ポリエステル、グレード名「GS900Z(極限粘度1.00、融点256℃)」を用いた。まず、そのポリエステル樹脂を乾燥機に入れ、露点−30℃の空気を循環させながら、160℃で4時間、ポリエステル樹脂を乾燥させた。続いて、乾燥させた上記ポリエステル樹脂100重量部に対し、無水ピロメリット酸0.33重量部と炭酸ナトリウム0.05重量部の割合で、径65mm、L/Dが35の押出機に入れ、スクリュー回転数25rpm、バレル温度270〜290℃でよく混合し、バレルの途中から発泡剤としてイソブタンを、ポリエステル樹脂100重量部当たりイソブタンの割合が1.5重量部となるようにした圧入した。続いて、直径1mmの押出孔を多数持つダイスよりストランド状に押出発泡し、長さ/直径比が1となるようにカットした。ストランドは押出直後に水をかけて急冷した。
得られた発泡粒子は、長さ6mm、見掛け密度150g/L、独立気泡率95%、結晶化度1.0%であった。
得られた発泡粒子を300mm×400mm×20mmの内寸法を有する金型に充填したのち、金型内の空気を5秒間排気してから、98kPa(G)の飽和スチームを50秒間導入した(型内成形と熱処理)。次いで直ちに冷却して発泡成形体を金型から取り出し、気温35℃、相対湿度15%の室内で24時間養生した後、気温23℃、相対湿度50%の室内で48時間放置した。表1には発泡成形体の製造条件等を、また表2にはこのようにして得られた発泡成形体についての各種物性を示した。
【0027】
実施例2
基材樹脂である熱可塑性芳香族ポリエステル樹脂として、日本ユニペット株式会社製ポリエステル、グレード名「RN163C(極限粘度0.85、融点135℃)」を使用した。まず、そのポリエステル樹脂を乾燥機に入れ、露点−30℃の空気を循環させながら、60℃で4時間、ポリエステル樹脂を乾燥させた。
続いて、乾燥させた上記ポリエステル樹脂を押出機に入れ、バレル温度280〜310℃で溶融し、ストランド状に押出し、直ちに水中に通して急冷した後、ペレタイザーにより長さ/直径比が1となるようにカットした。得られた樹脂粒子(ミニペレット)の冷結晶化温度が141.4℃であった。また、ミニペレット1個当たりの平均重量は1mgであった。
次いで、上記ミニペレット1kgを容積5リットルのオートクレーブに仕込んで密閉し、次いでオートクレーブ内に高圧の二酸化炭素を供給することによりオートクレーブ内の圧力を3.5MPa(G)とし、この圧力を10時間保持した。この間のオートクレー部内の温度は25〜35℃であった。続いて、圧力を開放し、二酸化炭素が含浸されたミニペレットをオートクレーブから取り出した。
この時の二酸化炭素含浸量は、5.0重量%であった。
二酸化炭素含浸ミニペレットに9.8kPa(G)の飽和スチームを10秒間吹き付けて発泡を行った。これにより得られた発泡粒子は、見掛け密度167g/L、独立気泡率87%、結晶化度0.8%であった。発泡粒子を気温35℃、相対湿度15%の室内で24時間乾燥させた後、温度20℃、圧力785kPa(G)の二酸化炭素で10時間加圧処理した。加圧処理後の発泡粒子中の二酸化炭素含浸量は、3.2重量%であった。
得られた発泡粒子を300mm×400mm×20mmの内寸法を有する金型に充填したのち、金型内の空気を5秒間排気してから、98kPa(G)の飽和スチームを60秒間導入した(型内成形と熱処理)。次いで直ちに冷却して発泡成形体を金型から取り出し、気温35℃、相対湿度15%の室内で24時間養生した後、気温23℃、相対湿度50%の室内で48時間放置した。表1には発泡成形体の製造条件等を、また表2にはこのようにして得られた発泡成形体についての各種物性を示した。
【0028】
比較例1
実施例1を繰り返して得られた実施例1と同じ発泡粒子を、次の変更点を除いて実施例1と同じ操作を繰り返して発泡成形体を製造した。
〈変更点〉 実施例1では型内成形時に98kPa(G)の飽和スチームを50秒間導入した(型内成形と熱処理)が、比較例1では98kPa(G)の飽和スチームを10秒間導入した(型内成形と熱処理)。
表1には発泡成形体の製造条件等を、また表2にはこのようにして得られた発泡成形体についての各種物性を示した。
【0029】
比較例2
実施例1を繰り返して得られた実施例1と同じ発泡粒子を、次の変更点を除いて実施例1と同じ操作を繰り返して発泡成形体を製造した。
〈変更点〉 実施例1では型内成形時に98kPa(G)の飽和スチームを50秒間導入した(型内成形と熱処理)が、比較例1では98kPa(G)の飽和スチームを120秒間導入した(型内成形と熱処理)。
表1には発泡成形体の製造条件等を、また表2にはこのようにして得られた発泡成形体についての各種物性を示した。
【0030】
比較例3
実施例2を繰り返して得られた実施例2と同じ発泡粒子を、次の変更点を除いて実施例2と同じ操作を繰り返して発泡成形体を製造した。
〈変更点〉 実施例2では型内成形時に98kPa(G)の飽和スチームを60秒間導入した(型内成形と熱処理)が、比較例1では98kPa(G)の飽和スチームを10秒間導入した(型内成形と熱処理)。
表1には発泡成形体の製造条件等を、また表2にはこのようにして得られた発泡成形体についての各種物性を示した。
【0031】
【表1】
【0032】
【表2】
【0033】
前記表中に示した独立気泡率、1ショットサイクル及び耐熱性は以下のようにして測定されたものである。
(1)独立気泡率
[発泡粒子の独立気泡率]
発泡粒子の独立気泡率は、ASTM−D2856−70の手順Cに従って、東芝ベックマン株式会社の空気比較式比重計930型を使用して測定(発泡粒子は空気比較式比重計に付属された測定器内に収容されるサンプルカップ内に約25mmの高さまで入れて測定)された発泡粒子の真の体積Vxを用い、次式により独立気泡率S(%)を計算し、N=3の平均値で求めた。
S(%)=(Vx−W/ρ)×100/(Va−W/ρ)
Vx:上記方法で測定された発泡粒子の真の体積(cm3)であり、発泡粒子を構成する樹脂の容積と、発泡粒子内の独立気泡部分の気泡全容積との和に相当する。
Va:測定に使用される発泡粒子を水没させて求めた発泡粒子の見掛け上の体積(cm3)。
W:測定に使用された発泡粒子の全重量(g)。
ρ:発泡粒子を構成する樹脂の密度(g/cm3)
[発泡成形体の独立気泡率]
発泡成形体の独立気泡率は、ASTM−D2856−70の手順Cに従って、東芝ベックマン株式会社の空気比較式比重計930型を使用して測定(発泡成形体から25mm×25mm×12mmのサイズに切断された成形表皮を持たないカットサンプル2個を同時にサンプルカップ内に収容して測定)された発泡成形体の真の体積Vxを用い、次式により独立気泡率S(%)を計算し、N=3の平均値で求めた。
S(%)=(Vx−W/ρ)×100/(Va−W/ρ)
Vx:上記方法で測定されたカットサンプルの真の体積(cm3)であり、発泡成形体を構成する樹脂の容積と、カットサンプル内の独立気泡部分の気泡全容積との和に相当する。
Va:測定に使用されたカットサンプルの外寸から計算されたカットサンプルの見掛け上の体積(cm3)。
W:測定に使用されたカットサンプル全重量(g)。
ρ:発泡成形体を構成する樹脂の密度(g/cm3)
【0034】
(2)1ショットサイクル
型内成形の1ショット当たりのサイクル時間を意味し、得ようとする成形体の大きさや発泡倍率等によっても基準は変わってくるが、本実施例及び比較例では次の基準で評価した。
◎:2分以内
○:2分超〜3分以内
△:3分超〜4分以内
×:4分超
【0035】
(3)耐熱性
80℃の恒温槽内に22時間投入してから常温下に取り出し、長さ400mm方向の長さを測定し、恒温槽へ入れる前の寸法長さ方向の収縮率を測定し、発泡成形体の耐熱性を次のようにして評価した。
○:収縮率が2%未満
△:収縮率が2〜3%
×:収縮率が3%超
【0036】
【発明の効果】
本発明の発泡成形は、型内成形に使用する発泡粒子が結晶化度16%以下の熱可塑性芳香族ポリエステル樹脂発泡粒子であることから、型内成形時の膨張性と融着性に優れる。また、本発明では、得られる発泡成形体表面の結晶化度を20%以上とし、且つ発泡成形体内部の結晶化度を18%以下としたことにより、成形サイクルを大幅に短縮して実用的な耐熱性を持つ発泡成形体を製造することができるという効果を奏する。
また、発泡成形体内部の結晶化度を8%以上にすると、発泡成形体の耐熱性はより高まる。
さらに、耐熱性の高い発泡成形体を製造する上では、熱可塑性芳香族ポリエステル樹脂の基材樹脂としては、融解熱量30J/g以上のポリエチレンテレフタレート系樹脂を用いることが好ましい。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing a foamed molded product that uses thermoplastic aromatic polyester resin foamed particles to maintain the practical heat resistance of the obtained foamed molded product while shortening the molding cycle, and the practical heat resistant property. The present invention relates to a foamed molded product to which is given.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In order to improve the thermal expansion and fusing properties of the thermoplastic aromatic polyester resin foamed particles during in-mold molding, the crystallinity of the foamed particles should be 25% or less. Proposed by the Gazette. In the case of an in-mold foam molded article obtained by the invention described in the known literature, the crystallinity is set to 15% or more, preferably 20% or more in order not to significantly reduce the heat resistance. And when the example is seen, in order to make the crystallinity degree of a foaming molding 20% or more, the foaming particle with which it filled in the type | mold is heated for 150 seconds in all the examples, and foaming molding is carried out. It can be seen that a considerably long heating time is required to improve the heat resistance of the body. If the heating time is long, the molding cycle becomes long and the production efficiency is lowered. Therefore, improvement of this point is desired.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention relates to a method for producing a foamed molded product that uses thermoplastic aromatic polyester resin foamed particles to maintain the practical heat resistance of the obtained foamed molded product while shortening the molding cycle, and the practical heat resistant property. It is an object of the present invention to provide a foamed molded product to which is given.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Therefore, as a result of earnest research to solve the above problems, the present inventors have maintained a low crystallinity inside the foam molded product when the crystallinity of the surface portion of the foam molded product is increased. The obtained foamed molded article has practical heat resistance, and as a result, it has been found that the molding cycle is shortened, and the present invention has been completed.
[0005]
In other words, according to the present invention, foamed thermoplastic aromatic polyester resin foam particles having a crystallinity of 16% or less are filled in a mold, and then the foamed particles are heated to fuse the foamed particles together to obtain a foamed molded product. A method for producing a foamed molded product, characterized in that the crystallinity of the surface of the obtained foamed molded product is 20% or more and the crystallinity inside the foamed molded product is 18% or less. Provided.
Further, according to the present invention, there is provided a foam molded article obtained by molding thermoplastic aromatic polyester resin foam particles in a mold, the crystallinity of the surface of the foam molded article being 20% or more, and the foam molded article. There is provided a foamed molded article having an internal crystallinity of 18% or less.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The thermoplastic aromatic polyester resin, which is the base resin of the foamed molded article of the present invention, is a high molecular weight chain polyester resin obtained by reacting a polyvalent carboxylic acid with a polyhydric alcohol. As the polyvalent carboxylic acid, terephthalic acid is often used. Besides, isophthalic acid, orthophthalic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, paraphenylenedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, Examples thereof include polyvalent carboxylic acids such as adipic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedioic acid, trimellitic acid, picomellitic acid and sodium sulfoisophthalate. These polyvalent carboxylic acids can be used alone or in combination at the time of polycondensation. On the other hand, as the polyhydric alcohol, ethylene glycol and butylene glycol are mainly used, but as other, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol. 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polytetramethylene glycol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, ethylene oxide adduct of bisphenol A, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, etc. A polyhydric alcohol is illustrated. These polyhydric alcohols can be used alone or in combination at the time of polycondensation.
[0007]
As the thermoplastic aromatic polyester resin that is the base resin of the foamed molded article of the present invention, specifically, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, a copolymer of terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid and ethylene glycol, terephthalic acid and Examples thereof include a copolymer of ethylene glycol and neopentyl glycol, a copolymer of terephthalic acid, ethylene glycol and cyclohexanedimethanol, and the like.
The thermoplastic aromatic polyester resin, which is the base resin of the foamed molded article of the present invention, is used alone or in combination.
In the present invention, the thermoplastic aromatic polyester resin that is the base resin of the foam molded article is preferably a heat of fusion of 30 J / g or more regardless of whether it is a homopolymer, a copolymer, or a mixture of plural kinds. (It is more preferable that it is 35 J / g or more.) If the heat of fusion is 30 J / g or more, it is easy to improve heat resistance even if the heating time of the foamed molded product is shortened. In addition, the melting point of the base resin decreases as the copolymer component increases, and the heat of fusion tends to decrease. The upper limit of the heat of fusion is usually 45-60 J / g.
[0008]
For the heat of fusion of the base resin, a differential scanning calorimeter was used, and 2 mg of the base resin was heated from room temperature (5 ° C. to 30 ° C.) to a heating rate of 10 ° C./min. Immediately after heating to 300 ° C., the cooling rate is 10 ° C./min. Immediately after cooling to 40 ° C., the heating rate was 10 ° C./min. Is calculated from an analysis chart (DSC analysis data) at the time of reheating obtained when reheated to 300 ° C.
Specifically, the heat of fusion of the base resin is converted from the endothermic amount corresponding to the area of the endothermic peak of the base resin to the endothermic amount per gram of the base resin. This area means an area surrounded by an endothermic peak curve and a straight line from the endothermic start temperature to the endothermic end temperature. The endothermic start temperature means the start point of the endothermic peak curve, but here, it refers to the temperature at which the virtual straight line recognized as a substantially straight line immediately before the end of the endothermic peak starts to separate from the endothermic peak. The endothermic end temperature means the end point of the endothermic peak curve. Here, the end point of the endothermic peak immediately after the end of the endothermic peak starts to come into contact with the virtual straight line recognized as a substantially straight line. .
[0009]
In the present invention, various additives can be mixed in the base resin. Examples of the various additives include bubble regulators, flame retardants, antistatic agents, antioxidants, weathering agents, colorants, thickeners, and the like. These are preferably added in the minimum necessary amount. In addition, a small amount of other thermoplastic resin, thermoplastic elastomer, or the like can be added to the base resin within a range that does not impair the object of the present invention. Or less, more preferably 5% by weight or less, still more preferably 3% by weight or less, and most preferably 0 to 1% by weight.
[0010]
To produce the foamed molded article of the present invention, thermoplastic aromatic polyester resin foam particles having a crystallinity of 16% or less are used. The thermoplastic aromatic polyester resin foam particles are made of thermoplastic aromatic polyester resin. It can be produced by melting in an extruder and kneading with a foaming agent to form a foamable melt-kneaded product, and then extruding and foaming into a strand shape and cutting into a predetermined length to form particles. Alternatively, the foamable melt-kneaded product can be produced by extruding and foaming the foamed melt-kneaded product into a sheet or the like and cutting it into a predetermined size to form particles. At this time, the degree of crystallinity of the expanded particles is set to 16% or less. For this purpose, the extrudate in the process of foaming immediately after extrusion foaming must be rapidly cooled. In the case of slow cooling, the crystallinity of the expanded particles cannot be reduced to 16% or less. When the crystallinity of the expanded particles exceeds 16%, the expansion force for the expanded particles to fill the voids between the particles at the time of in-mold molding is insufficient, and the fusion between the expanded particles is deteriorated. This will cause problems and should be avoided. In order to increase the expansion force for the expanded particles to fill the voids between the particles during in-mold molding and to strengthen the fusion between the expanded particles, the lower the degree of crystallinity of the expanded particles, the more preferable it is at 0%. Usually, the range of 0.1 to 9% is desirable. The blowing agent is preferably one that does not promote crystallization, and such a blowing agent is preferably a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon such as propane, butane, pentane, hexane or the like.
[0011]
Further, the thermoplastic aromatic polyester resin foamed particles are obtained by melting the thermoplastic aromatic polyester resin with an extruder and kneading with a foaming agent to form a foamable melt-kneaded product, and then substantially without causing foaming. The foamable melt-kneaded product is extruded, cut, cut or pulverized into particles, and subsequently contains the foaming agent thus obtained but is substantially non-foamed particles (hereinafter referred to as “foamable particles”). Can be produced by foaming by heating with saturated steam or the like. In addition, when extruding the foamable melt-kneaded material without substantially causing foaming, it is necessary to rapidly cool the extrudate in the same manner as described above because the crystallinity of the expanded particles needs to be 16% or less.
[0012]
In the method of producing foamed particles by foaming the foamable particles by heating with saturated steam, the steam temperature at that time is 80 to 120 ° C, preferably 80 to 110 ° C. Steam below 100 ° C. can be produced using a low-temperature steam generator. The higher the temperature of the steam sprayed onto the expandable particles, the higher the degree of crystallinity of the resulting expanded particles, and the more the thermal fusion (blocking) between the expanded particles occurs, such being undesirable. The temperature of the steam sprayed on the expandable particles and the heating time are preferably the lowest temperature and the shortest time at which the expanded particles can be obtained in order to produce expanded particles with a low crystallinity. The obtained expanded particles are air-dried at a temperature at which crystallization is difficult to proceed. Specifically, it is preferably air-dried at a temperature of 15 to 40 ° C.
[0013]
The foamable particles are obtained by placing thermoplastic aromatic polyester resin particles in a sealed container, bringing the particles into contact with a high-pressure foaming agent for a predetermined time, impregnating the particles with the foaming agent, and then removing the foamed particles from the sealed container. It can also be manufactured. In this case, it is preferable to use an inorganic gas, particularly carbon dioxide, as the foaming agent. The impregnation with the foaming agent is preferably carried out at a temperature not higher than the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic aromatic polyester resin as the base resin. The higher the impregnation temperature and the higher the impregnation pressure, the shorter the impregnation time. However, if the impregnation temperature becomes too high, crystallization of the base resin proceeds, and as a result, it may be difficult to make the resulting foamed particles have a crystallization degree of 16% or less. Therefore, the temperature during the impregnation is preferably 20 to 60 ° C, and more preferably 20 to 35 ° C. The pressure of the foaming agent during the impregnation is usually 980 to 4000 kPa (G), although it varies depending on the foaming ratio of the target foamed particles. The impregnation time is usually 1 to 24 hours. When preferable carbon dioxide is used as the foaming agent, the carbon dioxide impregnation amount is usually 0.5 to 10.0% by weight in the foamable particles.
[0014]
In producing expanded particles having a low crystallinity, care must be taken not to increase the crystallinity of the thermoplastic aromatic polyester resin in each step, other than those described above. For example, when a thermoplastic aromatic polyester resin contains moisture, crystallization is likely to proceed. Therefore, the thermoplastic aromatic polyester resin needs to be sufficiently dried or stored so as not to absorb moisture. In addition, since crystallization proceeds at a temperature between the glass transition temperature and the melting point, care must be taken not to place it as much as possible. Moreover, when producing expanded particles via expandable particles, a process in which the degree of crystallinity tends to be higher than that in the case of producing expanded particles by extrusion foaming is included. When producing thermoplastic aromatic polyester resin particles with low crystallinity in the stage before producing expandable particles, sufficiently dry base resin is put into an extruder with a vent port, and the temperature is kept as low as possible. In the process of removing the moisture from the base resin by vacuum suction at the vent port, and then heating it to the melting point or higher and extruding it into a strand shape to cut to an appropriate length. Need to be quickly cooled. It should be noted that the removal of moisture from the thermoplastic aromatic polyester resin is important in order not to hydrolyze the thermoplastic aromatic polyester resin.
[0015]
If the degree of rapid cooling at that time is insufficient, the temperature at the top of the cold crystallization peak is low and the heat generation amount is small. Therefore, as the degree of rapid cooling of the thermoplastic aromatic polyester resin particles, a differential scanning calorimeter is used, and the heating rate is 10 ° C./min. From room temperature (5 ° C. to 35 ° C.). It is preferable that the temperature of the peak of the cold crystallization peak obtained from the analysis chart (DSC analysis data) when heated to 300 ° C. is 130 ° C. or higher. When the temperature at the top of the cold crystallization peak is less than 130 ° C., it becomes difficult to produce expanded particles having a crystallinity of 16% or less.
[0016]
The crystallinity of the expanded particles was determined by using a differential scanning calorimeter, and increasing 2 mg of expanded particles from room temperature (5 ° C. to 30 ° C.) to a heating rate of 10 ° C./min. Calculated from the amount of cold crystallization per mole and the amount of heat of fusion per mole based on the analysis chart (DSC analysis data) obtained when heated to 300 ° C. The amount of cold crystallization heat (unit: J (Joule)) is the amount of heat generated due to the crystallization heat generated when the base resin constituting the foamed particles is heated, the cold crystallization heat generation peak curve, and the heat generation start temperature. Corresponds to the area surrounded by a straight line from to the end temperature of heat generation. The cold crystallization exothermic peak curve occurs between the glass transition temperature and the melting (endothermic) peak, but the higher the crystallinity of the expanded particles, the lower the peak height, and the higher the crystallinity, the disappearance disappears. End up. On the other hand, the heat of fusion (unit: J (joule)) is an endothermic amount resulting from melting of the base resin constituting the expanded particles, and is surrounded by an endothermic peak curve and a straight line from the endothermic start temperature to the endothermic end temperature. It corresponds to the area to be.
[0017]
The exothermic onset temperature means the starting point of the cold crystallization exothermic peak curve, but here, there is an imaginary straight line immediately before the start of the cold crystallization exothermic peak and a cold crystallization exothermic peak. Says the temperature at the point of starting to leave. The exothermic end temperature means the end point of the cold crystallization exothermic peak curve. Here, the hypothetical straight line and the cold crystallization exothermic peak which are recognized as substantially straight lines immediately after the end of the cold crystallization exothermic peak are used. Says the temperature at the point where and start touching.
The endothermic start temperature means the start point of the endothermic peak curve. Here, it means the temperature at which the virtual straight line recognized as a substantially straight line immediately before the end of the endothermic peak starts to separate from the endothermic peak. . The endothermic end temperature means the end point of the endothermic peak curve. Here, the end point of the endothermic peak immediately after the end of the endothermic peak starts to come into contact with the virtual straight line recognized as a substantially straight line. .
[0018]
Specifically, the crystallinity of the expanded particles is calculated by the following formula.
Crystallinity of expanded particles (%) = (calorie of fusion per mole−calorie of crystallization per mole) × 100 ÷ (calorie of fusion per mole of fully crystalline thermoplastic aromatic polyester resin) Formula 1)
The heat of fusion per mole of the completely crystalline thermoplastic aromatic polyethylene terephthalate is 26.9 kJ according to the Polymer Data Handbook (issued by Baifukan). Therefore, in the present invention, the completely crystalline thermoplastic aromatic polyester resin is used. This 26900J is adopted as the amount of heat of fusion per mole of.
[0019]
In consideration of subsequent in-mold molding, the expanded particles preferably have an apparent density of 35 g / L to 500 g / L, more preferably 40 g / L to 400 g / L. The closed cell ratio is preferably 65% or more, more preferably 75% or more, and still more preferably 85% or more.
[0020]
Foamed particles with sufficient foaming agent can produce molded articles with good appearance even if they are molded in-mold. For example, when the foaming agent is carbon dioxide, The carbon dioxide present inside immediately penetrates to the outside and the inside of the foamed particles is in a reduced pressure state, and the foaming power is reduced. Therefore, when the in-mold molding is performed using the foamed particles in this state, the appearance is good. It becomes difficult to manufacture a molded body. In that case, if the foaming force is increased by impregnating (adding) a gas such as an inorganic gas into the foamed particles, a molded article having a good appearance can be produced. As such an inorganic gas, nitrogen, air, and carbon dioxide are preferably used. In order to impregnate the foamed particles with the inorganic gas, the foamed particles are put into a sealed container, the inorganic gas is introduced into the container, and the pressurized state with the inorganic gas is maintained for a predetermined time. The pressure of the inorganic gas during the impregnation is preferably 29 to 980 kPa (G), the impregnation temperature is 60 ° C. or less, and the impregnation time is preferably about 1 to 30 hours. If the impregnation temperature exceeds 60 ° C., the crystallization state is affected, which is not preferable. When carbon dioxide is impregnated, the preferred amount of carbon dioxide impregnated is 0.5 to 8.0% by weight with respect to the expanded particles after impregnation.
[0021]
In the present invention, thermoplastic aromatic polyester resin foamed particles having a crystallinity of 16% or less are filled in a mold, and then the foamed particles are heated using a heating medium such as saturated steam to form voids between the foamed particles. Although it fills and it fuse | melts mutually, a foaming molding is obtained, As a temperature of the steam in this case, 103-133 degreeC is preferable. Further, the heating time at that time is preferably about 3 to 15 seconds. In order to improve the heat resistance of the obtained molded body, heat treatment is required. After heating the steam at a temperature that can fill the voids between the foamed particles and fusing them together to obtain a foamed molded product, without cooling, the steam can be further supplied to maintain the mold under heating. Heat treatment can be performed in the same mold. It is preferable that the temperature of the shaping | molding die at that time is 103-140 degreeC. Moreover, the heating time in that case is 30 seconds or more in total with the heating time of foamed particle, Preferably it is 40-110 seconds, More preferably, it is 45-100 seconds. If the steam temperature at that time is too high, the shrinkage rate of the obtained foamed molded product becomes large. On the other hand, if it is too low, it takes a long time to accelerate crystallization.
The crystallization accelerating step may be performed in a thermostatic chamber after the molded body is taken out of the mold, but it is not preferable because it requires heating to 90 ° C. or higher and requires new capital investment. .
[0022]
In the present invention, the molding is performed so that the crystallinity of the surface of the foamed molded product is 20% or more, preferably 21% or more, and the crystallinity inside the foamed molded product is 18% or less, preferably 16% or less. Thus, it is possible to shorten the molding cycle and manufacture a foamed molded article having practical heat resistance.
The higher the degree of crystallization on both the foam molded body surface and the inside of the foam molded body, the higher the heat resistance as the foam molded body, but the heat treatment time becomes extremely long. In practice, if the crystallinity of the surface of the foamed molded product is 20% or more, 18% or less is sufficient for the crystallinity inside the foamed molded product. In order to further improve the heat resistance, the crystallinity inside the foamed molded product is preferably 8% or more, and more preferably 10% or more. The upper limit of the degree of crystallinity on the surface of the foam molded article is usually about 30%.
[0023]
The degree of crystallinity of the surface of the foamed molded product is obtained by cutting a portion from the surface in contact with the mold to a depth of 2 mm into a rectangular parallelepiped shape so that the weight is 3 to 10 mg, and then obtaining a test piece having a weight of 2 mg. Further, the periphery is further cut to prepare a test piece (that is, the thickness (2 mm depth) of the cut out rectangular solid is left as it is), and the crystallinity of the foamed particles described above is obtained for the test piece. The same operation as that described above is performed and the calculation is performed according to the above (Equation 1). Specifically, test specimens were prepared from five randomly selected locations, the test specimens were operated on the five specimens, and the five crystallinities obtained were arithmetically averaged. The crystallinity of the surface of the molded body is required. In this case, the “crystallinity degree of the expanded particles” in (Formula 1) is read as “crystallinity degree of the test piece”.
[0024]
The degree of crystallinity inside the foamed molded product is such that the portion from the surface in contact with the mold to a depth of 2 mm is not included, and the 2 mm thick portion including the central portion in the thickness direction of the foamed molded product is weighted. Cut out into a rectangular parallelepiped shape so as to be 3 to 10 mg, and then cut the periphery further to obtain a test piece having a weight of 2 mg (that is, the thickness of what was cut out into a rectangular parallelepiped shape remains), The same operation as the above-described operation for obtaining the crystallinity of the expanded particles is performed on the test piece, and the calculation is performed according to (Equation 1). Specifically, test specimens were prepared from five randomly selected locations, the test specimens were operated on the five specimens, and the five crystallinities obtained were arithmetically averaged. The crystallinity inside the molded body is required. In this case, the “crystallinity degree of the expanded particles” in (Formula 1) is read as “crystallinity degree of the test piece”.
[0025]
Adjustment of the heating temperature, heating time, cooling temperature, and cooling time is required for the crystallinity of the surface of the foamed molded product to be 20% or more and the crystallinity inside the foamed molded product to be 18% or less. In this case, the heating temperature is preferably higher in the range of 104 ° C. to 140 ° C., the heating time is preferably shortened, the cooling temperature is preferably lower, and the cooling time is shortened. It is preferable.
The foamed molded article cooled and taken out from the mold is preferably dried and cured at a temperature of 40 to 60 ° C. for 2 to 24 hours.
[0026]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples.
Example 1
As a thermoplastic aromatic polyester resin that is a base resin, a polyester manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, grade name “GS900Z (extreme viscosity 1.00, melting point 256 ° C.)” was used. First, the polyester resin was put into a dryer, and the polyester resin was dried at 160 ° C. for 4 hours while circulating air having a dew point of −30 ° C. Subsequently, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the dried polyester resin, in a ratio of 0.33 parts by weight of pyromellitic anhydride and 0.05 parts by weight of sodium carbonate, it was put into an extruder having a diameter of 65 mm and an L / D of 35. The mixture was thoroughly mixed at a screw rotation speed of 25 rpm and a barrel temperature of 270 to 290 ° C., and isobutane was injected as a blowing agent from the middle of the barrel so that the ratio of isobutane was 1.5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the polyester resin. Subsequently, it was extruded and foamed in a strand shape from a die having a large number of extrusion holes having a diameter of 1 mm, and cut so that the length / diameter ratio was 1. The strand was quenched with water immediately after extrusion.
The obtained expanded particles had a length of 6 mm, an apparent density of 150 g / L, a closed cell ratio of 95%, and a crystallinity of 1.0%.
After filling the obtained foamed particles into a mold having an inner dimension of 300 mm × 400 mm × 20 mm, the air in the mold was evacuated for 5 seconds, and then saturated steam of 98 kPa (G) was introduced for 50 seconds (mold) Internal molding and heat treatment). Next, it was immediately cooled and the foamed molded article was taken out of the mold, cured for 24 hours in a room with a temperature of 35 ° C. and a relative humidity of 15%, and then left for 48 hours in a room with a temperature of 23 ° C. and a relative humidity of 50%. Table 1 shows the production conditions of the foamed molded product, and Table 2 shows various physical properties of the foamed molded product thus obtained.
[0027]
Example 2
As a thermoplastic aromatic polyester resin that is a base resin, a polyester manufactured by Nippon Unipet Co., Ltd., grade name “RN163C (extreme viscosity 0.85, melting point 135 ° C.)” was used. First, the polyester resin was put into a dryer, and the polyester resin was dried at 60 ° C. for 4 hours while circulating air having a dew point of −30 ° C.
Subsequently, the dried polyester resin is put into an extruder, melted at a barrel temperature of 280 to 310 ° C., extruded into a strand, immediately cooled in water, and then the length / diameter ratio is 1 by a pelletizer. So cut. The resulting resin particles (mini-pellets) had a cold crystallization temperature of 141.4 ° C. The average weight per mini-pellet was 1 mg.
Next, 1 kg of the above-mentioned mini pellets was charged in an autoclave having a capacity of 5 liters and sealed, and then the high pressure carbon dioxide was supplied into the autoclave so that the pressure in the autoclave was 3.5 MPa (G), and this pressure was maintained for 10 hours. did. During this time, the temperature in the autoclay section was 25 to 35 ° C. Subsequently, the pressure was released and the mini-pellets impregnated with carbon dioxide were removed from the autoclave.
The carbon dioxide impregnation amount at this time was 5.0% by weight.
Foaming was performed by spraying 9.8 kPa (G) of saturated steam on carbon dioxide impregnated mini-pellets for 10 seconds. The foamed particles thus obtained had an apparent density of 167 g / L, a closed cell ratio of 87%, and a crystallinity of 0.8%. The foamed particles were dried in a room with an air temperature of 35 ° C. and a relative humidity of 15% for 24 hours, and then pressurized with carbon dioxide at a temperature of 20 ° C. and a pressure of 785 kPa (G) for 10 hours. The amount of carbon dioxide impregnated in the expanded particles after the pressure treatment was 3.2% by weight.
After filling the obtained foamed particles into a mold having an inner dimension of 300 mm × 400 mm × 20 mm, the air in the mold was evacuated for 5 seconds, and then saturated steam of 98 kPa (G) was introduced for 60 seconds (mold) Internal molding and heat treatment). Next, it was immediately cooled and the foamed molded article was taken out of the mold, cured for 24 hours in a room with a temperature of 35 ° C. and a relative humidity of 15%, and then left for 48 hours in a room with a temperature of 23 ° C. and a relative humidity of 50%. Table 1 shows the production conditions of the foamed molded product, and Table 2 shows various physical properties of the foamed molded product thus obtained.
[0028]
Comparative Example 1
The same foamed particles as in Example 1 obtained by repeating Example 1 were repeated in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the following changes to produce a foamed molded article.
<Changes> In Example 1, 98 kPa (G) saturated steam was introduced for 50 seconds during in-mold molding (in-mold molding and heat treatment), whereas in Comparative Example 1, 98 kPa (G) saturated steam was introduced for 10 seconds ( In-mold molding and heat treatment).
Table 1 shows the production conditions of the foamed molded product, and Table 2 shows various physical properties of the foamed molded product thus obtained.
[0029]
Comparative Example 2
The same foamed particles as in Example 1 obtained by repeating Example 1 were repeated in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the following changes to produce a foamed molded article.
<Changes> In Example 1, 98 kPa (G) saturated steam was introduced for 50 seconds during in-mold molding (in-mold molding and heat treatment), whereas in Comparative Example 1, 98 kPa (G) saturated steam was introduced for 120 seconds ( In-mold molding and heat treatment).
Table 1 shows the production conditions of the foamed molded product, and Table 2 shows various physical properties of the foamed molded product thus obtained.
[0030]
Comparative Example 3
The same foamed particles as in Example 2 obtained by repeating Example 2 were repeated in the same manner as in Example 2 except for the following changes to produce a foamed molded article.
<Changes> In Example 2, saturated steam of 98 kPa (G) was introduced for 60 seconds during in-mold molding (in-mold molding and heat treatment), whereas in Comparative Example 1, saturated steam of 98 kPa (G) was introduced for 10 seconds ( In-mold molding and heat treatment).
Table 1 shows the production conditions of the foamed molded product, and Table 2 shows various physical properties of the foamed molded product thus obtained.
[0031]
[Table 1]
[0032]
[Table 2]
[0033]
The closed cell ratio, one shot cycle, and heat resistance shown in the table were measured as follows.
(1) Closed cell ratio
[Closed cell ratio of expanded particles]
The closed cell ratio of the expanded particles was measured by using an air comparison type hydrometer 930 model manufactured by Toshiba Beckman Co., Ltd. according to the procedure C of ASTM-D2856-70. Using the true volume Vx of the expanded particles measured in a sample cup accommodated in a sample cup up to a height of about 25 mm, the closed cell ratio S (%) is calculated by the following formula, and the average value of N = 3 I asked for it.
S (%) = (Vx−W / ρ) × 100 / (Va−W / ρ)
Vx: True volume of expanded particles measured by the above method (cm Three It corresponds to the sum of the volume of the resin constituting the expanded particles and the total volume of the cells in the closed cell portion in the expanded particles.
Va: Apparent volume (cm) of the expanded particles obtained by submerging the expanded particles used for measurement Three ).
W: The total weight (g) of the expanded particles used for the measurement.
ρ: Density of resin constituting expanded particles (g / cm Three )
[Closed cell ratio of foamed molded product]
The closed cell ratio of the foamed molded product was measured by using an air comparison type hydrometer 930 type manufactured by Toshiba Beckman Co., Ltd. according to the procedure C of ASTM-D2856-70 (cut from the foamed molded product to a size of 25 mm × 25 mm × 12 mm). The closed cell ratio S (%) is calculated by the following formula using the true volume Vx of the foamed molded product measured by simultaneously storing two cut samples having no molding skin in the sample cup, and N = The average value of 3 was obtained.
S (%) = (Vx−W / ρ) × 100 / (Va−W / ρ)
Vx: the true volume of the cut sample measured by the above method (cm Three And corresponds to the sum of the volume of the resin constituting the foamed molded body and the total cell volume of the closed cell portion in the cut sample.
Va: apparent volume (cm) of the cut sample calculated from the outer dimensions of the cut sample used for measurement Three ).
W: Total weight (g) of cut sample used for measurement.
ρ: Density of resin constituting the foamed molded product (g / cm Three )
[0034]
(2) 1 shot cycle
This means the cycle time per shot of in-mold molding, and the standard varies depending on the size of the molded product to be obtained, the expansion ratio, etc., but in this example and the comparative example, evaluation was performed according to the following standard.
◎: Within 2 minutes
○: Over 2 minutes to within 3 minutes
Δ: Over 3 minutes to within 4 minutes
×: More than 4 minutes
[0035]
(3) Heat resistance
After putting it in a thermostat at 80 ° C. for 22 hours and taking it out at room temperature, measure the length in the direction of 400 mm in length, measure the shrinkage in the dimension length direction before entering the thermostat, and The heat resistance was evaluated as follows.
○: Shrinkage rate is less than 2%
Δ: Shrinkage is 2-3%
×: Shrinkage ratio exceeds 3%
[0036]
【The invention's effect】
In the foam molding of the present invention, the foamed particles used for the in-mold molding are thermoplastic aromatic polyester resin foamed particles having a crystallinity of 16% or less, and thus are excellent in expansibility and fusibility during in-mold molding. In the present invention, the crystallinity of the surface of the obtained foamed molded product is set to 20% or more, and the crystallinity inside the foamed molded product is set to 18% or less, so that the molding cycle is greatly shortened and practical. This produces an effect that it is possible to produce a foamed molded article having excellent heat resistance.
Moreover, when the crystallinity degree inside a foaming molding is 8% or more, the heat resistance of a foaming molding will increase more.
Furthermore, when producing a foam molded article having high heat resistance, it is preferable to use a polyethylene terephthalate resin having a heat of fusion of 30 J / g or more as the base resin of the thermoplastic aromatic polyester resin.
Claims (5)
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| JP3213871B2 (en) * | 1994-12-22 | 2001-10-02 | 積水化成品工業株式会社 | Thermoplastic polyester resin foam molded article, thermoplastic polyester resin pre-expanded particles, and method for producing thermoplastic polyester resin foam molded article from the pre-expanded particles |
| EP1166990B1 (en) * | 1998-12-11 | 2005-07-20 | Sekisui Plastics Co., Ltd. | Method for producing foamed-in-mold product of aromatic polyester based resin |
| ATE305949T1 (en) * | 1998-12-11 | 2005-10-15 | Sekisui Plastics | PRE-FOAMED PARTICLES OF CRYSTALLINE AROMATIC POLYESTER RESIN, PRODUCT EXPANDED IN THE MOLD AND EXPANDED LAMINATE PRODUCED THEREFROM |
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