JP4577898B2 - Rotating body used for energy storage device - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a rotating body for use in energy storage devices. More specifically, in an energy storage device that stores external energy as rotational kinetic energy of a rotating body that uses a superconducting (superconducting) fishing effect to make the frictional resistance of the bearing part extremely small, deformation resistance during rotation of the rotating body and enables high-speed rotation unprecedented by improving sexual allowed the storage of larger external energy relates to the rotating body for use in energy storage devices.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, an attempt has been made to use a surplus electric energy to rotate a flywheel supported by a bearing and store the energy as rotational kinetic energy of the flywheel. For this purpose, the rotational resistance of the flywheel must be reduced as much as possible to rotate in an essentially non-resistance state.

In practice, flywheels are used that are levitated and supported using the fishing effect (pinning effect) of the superconductor that can restrain and retain the magnetic lines of force that penetrate the interior, and the frictional resistance of the bearing is extremely low. ing.
One example of this is disclosed in Patent Document 1. The flywheel described in Patent Document 1 is formed in a disk shape or a ring shape.

Japanese Patent No. 2992578

However, the conventional disk-shaped or ring-shaped flywheel has the following problems.
In other words, it is theoretically possible to increase the energy storage amount by manufacturing the flywheel with a relatively light and strong tensile strength material such as CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic) and rotating the flywheel at a higher speed. Is possible.

CFRP is similar to glass fiber reinforced thermosetting plastic GFRP (Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics) in which long fibers, woven fabrics, and short fibers of glass fiber are hardened with a thermosetting resin such as unsaturated polyester resin or epoxy resin. Carbon fiber reinforced thermosetting plastic using fiber.
Further, when calculating based on the tensile strength of the CFRP material, it is possible to increase the speed of the outer peripheral portion of the flywheel to about 1800 m per second.

However, in the case of a disc-shaped or ring-shaped flywheel, when the speed of the outer peripheral portion of the flywheel reaches about 800 m / sec, the flywheel itself is distorted and deformed by the centrifugal force caused by the rotation, which causes the rotation balance of the flywheel. Will collapse and shaft vibration will increase, making it impossible to increase the rotation speed any further.
Thus, it is technically difficult to increase the rotational speed so that the speed of the outer peripheral portion of the flywheel is about 800 m / second or more.

(Object of the present invention)
An object of the present invention is to provide an energy storage device that stores external energy as rotational kinetic energy of a rotating body that uses a superconducting fishing effect to reduce the frictional resistance of the bearing portion, and is resistant to deformation during rotation of the rotating body. An object of the present invention is to provide a rotating body for use in an energy storage device that enables unprecedented high-speed rotation and storage of larger external energy.

The present invention is a rotating body used in an energy storage device that can store energy by rotating a rotating body that is levitated and supported by a superconducting fishing effect and has a very small frictional resistance of a bearing portion,
A single rotating body constituting the rotating body is a linear body or a linear body made of carbon fiber, glass fiber, or high-strength fiber, which is looped between pulling elements, or an elongated annular body. Center metal fittings with a mounting hole penetrating through the center so as to fit inside the central part of the string-like body are arranged, and the required pulling force in the direction of centrifugal force when the rotating body rotates by the pulling element The plastic body is poured into the space part inside the bone body as a mold part so as to include the bone body as a bone body and solidified.
This a single rotary body has previously required compressive force or compressive stress is applied to the centrifugal force direction opposite to the direction when the rotating member is rotated,
Furthermore, a single rotary body, and both end portions so that the rotation are balanced is disconnected, has a structure which is elongated in a plate-like body or the rod-like body in the direction of centrifugal force when rotating,
A single rotating body is stacked in the axial direction of the rotating shaft, and is fixed to the rotating shaft so as to have a radial shape while being sequentially shifted at equal angles in the axial circumferential direction around the rotating shaft.
It is a rotating body used for an energy storage device.

  The tensile force applied to the bone body is, for example, a limit value of the fracture strength of the annular body, but is not limited thereto and can be set as appropriate.

Although it does not specifically limit as a superconductor, For example, an oxide high temperature superconductor is employ | adopted.
The magnet provided in the rotating body can subdivide each magnet in the radial direction of the rotating body on which the magnet is disposed so that the magnetic gradient of the magnetic field formed by the magnet is increased.
The magnet can be a magnet having a concentric magnetic field line distribution, and a permanent magnet can be adopted as the material thereof.

The superconductor may be formed between magnets formed with different radii and formed in multiple layers with different radii.
For example, liquid nitrogen can be used as the refrigerant, but the refrigerant is not limited to this. With liquid nitrogen, a superconductor such as an oxide high-temperature superconductor can be brought to a critical temperature or lower at a boiling point or lower.
Further, liquid helium can be adopted as the refrigerant. Even with liquid helium, a superconductor such as an oxide high-temperature superconductor can be brought to a critical temperature or lower at a boiling point or lower.

(Function)
The operation of the rotating body and the energy storage device according to the present invention will be described.
Since the required compressive force or compressive stress is applied to the rotating body in the opposite direction to the direction of centrifugal force when the rotating body rotates, distortion caused by compressive force or compressive stress occurs when the rotating body generates centrifugal force. Is reduced, equalized, or eliminated, and the rotational balance of the rotating body is less likely to be lost and shaft vibration is less likely to increase even if the rotating body is rotated at an unprecedented high speed.

  Therefore, for example, the rotational angular velocity can be increased without distorting or deforming the rotating body to the limit of the material strength such as CFRP, that is, the tensile strength, and the rotational balance of the rotating body is lost. It is possible to prevent the vehicle from becoming unable to operate due to the increase with the increase of the rotational angular velocity.

  Specifically, it is possible to stably maintain the rotation of the rotating body even when the peripheral speed of the rotating body is 800 m or more per second. For example, the peripheral speed of the rotating body is set to the material strength of CFRP, that is, the tensile strength. By setting the speed to 1800 m per second, which is close to the limit, it is possible to dramatically increase the amount of stored energy.

  When this rotating body is used as a rotating body for an energy storage device and external energy is applied to the rotating body with the input means and rotated, the rotating body rotates with a very small frictional resistance. The rotation state can be maintained. In other words, the external energy can be efficiently stored as the rotational kinetic energy of the rotating body. Further, when necessary, the rotational kinetic energy stored in the rotating body during rotation can be taken out by the output means, and the rotational force can be used as it is or converted into other energy such as electricity. it can.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to manufacture a power storage device that can be used for a large-capacity 1000 KWH class load level that is about 100 times larger in energy storage than the current limit of about 10 KWH.

(A) According to the present invention, since the required compressive force or compressive stress is applied in advance in the direction opposite to the centrifugal force direction when the rotating body rotates, Strain due to compressive force or compressive stress is reduced, equalized, or eliminated by centrifugal force, and deformation resistance can be improved.
As a result, even if the rotating body is rotated at a high speed that is not conventional, the rotational balance of the rotating body is unlikely to be lost, and shaft vibration is also unlikely to increase. Therefore, for example, it is possible to stably maintain the rotation of the rotating body even when the peripheral speed of the rotating body is 800 m or more per second. For example, the peripheral speed of the rotating body is limited to the material strength of CFRP, that is, the tensile strength. By setting the distance close to 1800 m per second, it is possible to dramatically increase the amount of energy stored as compared with the prior art.

(B) When the rotating body has a structure that is long in the direction of centrifugal force when the rotating body rotates, the rotating body has a rod-like shape, so that a conventional disc-shaped flywheel or ring-shaped flywheel is used. Even if the rotating body is rotated at the same weight and the same rotational angular velocity as compared with the rotating body, the rotating center of gravity radius of the rotating body can be increased and the energy storage amount can be remarkably increased. Further, since the pulling directions are on the same straight line during manufacturing, the manufacturing can be made relatively easy.

(C) In the energy storage device, when a plurality of rotating bodies are stacked in the axial direction of the rotating shaft, for example, by using the same shape and adjusting the number, the setting of the amount of energy that can be stored is compared. Easily.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the structure of a rotating body according to the present invention,
FIG. 2 is an explanatory view in plan view showing a method for manufacturing a rotating body.

  The rotating body 1 is made of solid by CFRP. The rotating body 1 is an elongated plate-shaped body or a rod-shaped body. The rotating body 1 has an attachment hole 10 penetrating through the front and back for attachment to the rotation shaft 102 at the center in the length direction serving as the center of rotation.

In addition, although the shape of the attachment hole 10 is a circular hole in this Embodiment, other shapes, for example, square holes, such as a square and a hexagon, may be sufficient. Moreover, when using by a single number, a bottomed hole may be sufficient instead of a through-hole. Furthermore, it is possible to directly provide a rotating shaft as a rotation center on the rotating body.
When the rotating body 1 is used as the rotating body of the energy storage device A, it can be used singly or plurally (see FIGS. 3, 4, and 5 to be described later).

The manufacturing method of the rotary body 1 is as follows.
This will be described with reference to FIG.

(1) Two circular tension fittings 11 and 12 which are tension elements are arranged at a required interval.
(2) A string-like body 13 made of carbon fiber is prepared, and the string-like body 13 is hung around the pull metal fittings 11 and 12 as many times as necessary.

(3) The central metal fitting 14 is arranged so as to be inside the central portion of the string-like body 13 having an elongated ring shape. A circular mounting hole 10 is provided through the center of the center metal fitting 14.
(4) The pull metal fittings 11 and 12 are moved in the direction in which the interval is widened to apply a pulling force in the arrow direction to the string-like body 13. This pulling force is essentially the same as the direction of centrifugal force when the rotating body rotates. Further, a bone body 130 is obtained by applying a tensile force in the direction of the arrow to the ring-shaped string-like body 13.

(5) Using the bone body 130 as a mold portion, plastic is poured into the inner space portion 131 so as to include the bone body 130 with the tensile force applied, and solidified. After solidifying, the required compressive stress is applied in advance in the direction opposite to the centrifugal force when the rotating body 1 rotates with respect to the rotating body 1 by releasing the pulling force by the pull metal fittings 11 and 12. .
(6) Then, both ends are appropriately cut at the cutting portion 15 so as to obtain the rotating body 1 so that the rotating balance of the rotating body 1 can be maintained.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing a first embodiment of the energy storage device according to the present invention,
FIG. 4 is a plan view showing a combined structure of rotating bodies.

  The energy storage device A replaces the heavy load (2) with the flywheel 100 in the energy storage device described in (FIG. 1) of the energy storage device described in Japanese Patent No. 2992578 which is already known. It has a structure.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the energy storage device A includes a flywheel 100 in which a plurality of rotating bodies 1 are mounted on a rotating shaft 102 and stacked, a disk-shaped permanent magnet 101 fixed to a lower surface of the flywheel 100, and a heat insulating container 3. The oxide high temperature superconductor 30 disposed in the heat insulating container 3, the liquid nitrogen 40 placed in the heat insulating container 3, the liquid level control device 41 for controlling the liquid level of the liquid nitrogen constant, the liquid nitrogen cooling device 4, A vacuum chamber 5 for accommodating the flywheel 100, the heat insulating container 3 and the like, a decompression device 50, and an input / output device 6 having an electric motor (input unit) and a power generation device (output unit) are provided.

  The oxide high temperature superconductor 30 is disposed and fixed as a bulk block in the heat insulating container 3 containing the liquid nitrogen 40, and is in a superconducting state when the liquid nitrogen has a boiling point temperature of 77 K (Kelvin) or less. ing.

As shown in FIG. 4, the flywheel 100 inside the vacuum chamber 5 has twelve rotating bodies 1 mounted in a stacked manner so that the mounting hole 10 is fitted into the rotating shaft 102. The rotating shaft 102 penetrates the upper part of the vacuum chamber 5 in an airtight and rotatable manner. Each rotating body 1 is fixed to the rotating shaft 102 by a fixing means (not shown) while being sequentially shifted by 30 ° in the axial circumferential direction.
In the present embodiment, the number of rotating bodies is 12, but there is no particular limitation. Moreover, although each rotary body 1 may be shifted by equal angles as mentioned above, the angle to shift can also be changed, respectively, and you may make it align without shifting.

  In addition, the disc-shaped permanent magnet 101 is fixed to the lower surface of the flywheel 100 as described above. The flywheel 100 is arranged on the heat insulating container 3, and when the oxide high temperature superconductor 30 is in a superconducting state, the flywheel 100 to which the disk-shaped permanent magnet 101 is fixed floats from the upper surface of the heat insulating container 3 and rotates. The heat insulating container 3 can be rotated in a non-contact state around an axis (not shown). The vacuum chamber 5 is effectively prevented from being attenuated by the frictional force of the flywheel 100 because the internal gas is discharged to the outside by the decompression device 50 and held in a high vacuum state. It is like that.

  Since the liquid nitrogen 40 may vaporize or increase in temperature by absorbing external heat, the liquid nitrogen 40 is cooled to a predetermined temperature by the liquid nitrogen cooling device 4 and kept in a liquid phase state to a certain depth at least in the heat insulating container 3. It is like that. For this reason, a liquid level control device 41 is provided in communication with the heat insulating container 3. That is, the liquid level control device 41 detects when the amount of liquid nitrogen 40 in the heat insulating container 3 decreases and the liquid level decreases, and automatically detects the liquid from the liquid nitrogen cooling device 4 into the heat insulating container 3. Nitrogen 40 is replenished, and the oxide high temperature superconductor 30 is constantly immersed in the liquid nitrogen 40 to maintain the superconducting state.

Here, the operation of the oxide high temperature superconductor 30 used in the energy storage device A according to the present invention will be described.
The oxide high-temperature superconductor 30 is pinned and fixed so that when a permanent magnet or the like is brought close to it, the magnetic lines of force enter the oxide high-temperature superconductor 30 and the magnetic lines of force pierce the pin by the impurity phase in the superconducting crystal. (Called phishing effect or pinning effect). Thereby, a permanent magnet is restrained in the position. Then, the magnetic field lines in the pinned state act as a pinning force for the permanent magnet, and for example, the permanent magnet performs an operation to change the magnetic field lines in the high-temperature oxide superconductor 30. In some cases, a force that hinders this works, that is, a repulsive force acts when the permanent magnet is moved closer, and an attractive force acts when the permanent magnet is moved away.

  In particular, when a concentric magnetic flux distribution such as the disk-shaped permanent magnet 101 of this embodiment is used, the oxide high-temperature super-high temperature can be obtained even if it is rotated around the rotating shaft 102 at the center of the disk-shaped permanent magnet 101. Since there is no change in the magnetic flux distribution passing through the conductor 30, there is no resistance force or repulsion force or attraction force that causes a lateral shift or the like that prevents rotation. In other words, a rotating body that can be rotated continuously without contact and without resistance in a state where the disk-like permanent magnet 101 is pinned at its center position, in other words, without causing lateral displacement and floating at that position. can get.

(Function)
Therefore, according to the energy storage device A according to the present embodiment, when the flywheel 100 is rotated for a certain period of time by the electric motor of the input / output device 6 using electric power supplied from the outside, the power supply is stopped (a mechanical device such as a clutch device). The flywheel 100 and the disk-like permanent magnet 101 attached to the flywheel 100 can maintain rotation for a long time, and the electric power can be stored as rotational kinetic energy. .

  In addition, the rotating body 1 used in the energy storage device A has a predetermined compressive stress applied in advance in the direction opposite to the centrifugal force direction when the rotating body 1 rotates. Occasionally, the centrifugal force can reduce, equalize, or eliminate distortion due to compressive stress and improve deformation resistance.

  As a result, even if the flywheel 100 is rotated at a high speed that is not conventional, the rotational balance of the rotating body 1 and the flywheel 100 that is an aggregate of the rotating body 1 is unlikely to be lost, and shaft vibration is also unlikely to increase. Therefore, for example, even when the peripheral speed of the rotating body 1 is 800 m or more, it is possible to stably maintain the rotation of the rotating body. For example, the peripheral speed of the rotating body 1 can be set to the material strength of CFRP, that is, the tensile strength. If it is set to 1800 m per second close to the limit, it becomes possible to increase the amount of stored energy compared to the conventional one.

Further, since the rotator 1 has a structure that is long in the direction of centrifugal force when the rotator 1 rotates, that is, a rod-like or thin plate-like shape, the rotation is a conventional disc-like flywheel or ring-like flywheel. Even if it rotates with the same weight and the same rotation angular velocity as compared with the body, the radius of rotation center of gravity of the rotating body can be increased, and the energy storage amount can be greatly increased. Further, since the pulling directions are on the same straight line during manufacturing, the manufacturing can be made relatively easy.
Further, since the flywheel 100 can freely adjust the number of rotating bodies 1 to be used within a range that can be accommodated in the vacuum chamber 5, the amount of energy that can be stored can be set relatively easily.

  In this case, since there is friction resistance with gas in the air, the inside of the vacuum chamber 5 is decompressed to a high vacuum state by the decompression device 50 described above, and the friction resistance due to air is reduced as much as possible. Thereby, the electric power which is external energy can be stored very efficiently.

When electric power is required, the rotational kinetic energy can be converted into electric energy by the power generation device that also serves as the electric motor of the input / output device 6.
The power storage amount E in this case is uniquely determined by the following calculation formula.

E = (1.3 × 10 ^-7 ) ρD ⁴ hR ² (KWH)

However,
D: Diameter of rotating body (m)
h: Rotating body height (m)
ρ: Average density of rotating body including magnet (g / cm ³ )
R: Number of rotations of the rotating body (rpm)

For example, when D = 5, h = 4, ρ = 5, and R = 3600, the power storage amount is about 2.1 × 10 ⁴ (KWH). In other words, this device can store the electric energy for about one day of the 877KW generator.
This high-temperature oxide superconductor 30 has been experimentally confirmed to have a levitation force of at least 77 K (Kelvin) and 2 kg / cm ² or more, whereby the rotating shaft 102 and the flywheel 100 under the above conditions are confirmed. It is sufficiently possible to float the disk-shaped permanent magnet 101. Further, when the temperature of the oxide high-temperature superconductor 30 is lowered to about 60 K by the liquid nitrogen cooling device 4, the pinning force is further improved dramatically, and the levitation force is improved by 2 to 10 times.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional explanatory view showing a second embodiment of the energy storage device according to the present invention.
In addition, in this Embodiment, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and shown in the same location as the said energy storage apparatus A in drawing, and the overlapping description about a structure is abbreviate | omitted fundamentally.

The energy storage device B receives rotation of the flywheel 100 by superconducting radial bearings 7 and 7 a arranged at two locations on the upper and lower sides of the vacuum chamber 5. The rotating shaft 102 penetrates the upper and lower portions of the vacuum chamber 5 in an airtight and rotatable manner. The vacuum chamber 5 is supported by support means (not shown).
The superconducting radial bearing 7 has a structure equivalent to a non-resistance bearing structure made of the oxide high temperature superconductor 30 and the disk-shaped permanent magnet 101 of the energy storage device A. In addition, illustration of each incidental apparatus, such as a heat insulation container, a liquid nitrogen cooling device, and a liquid level control apparatus, is omitted.

A motor generator 8 constituting an input / output device is provided above the lower superconducting radial bearing 7a. In this embodiment, the motor generator 8 is provided outside the rotating shaft 102. However, a type that can be accommodated inside the rotating shaft 102 can be adopted to make the motor generator 8 more compact.
In addition, about the effect | action of the flywheel 100 etc. which are the aggregate | assembly of the rotary body 1, since it is substantially the same as the said energy storage apparatus A, description is abbreviate | omitted.

The perspective view which shows the structure of the rotary body which concerns on this invention. Plan view explanatory drawing which shows the manufacturing method of a rotary body. Cross-sectional explanatory drawing which shows 1st Embodiment of the energy storage device which concerns on this invention. The top view which shows the combination structure of a rotary body. Cross-sectional explanatory drawing which shows 2nd Embodiment of the energy storage apparatus which concerns on this invention.

A Energy storage device 1 Rotating body 10 Mounting hole 11, 12 Tensile fitting 13 String-like body 130 Bone body 131 Space 14 Central metal fitting 15 Cutting line 100 Flywheel 101 Disc-shaped permanent magnet 102 Rotating shaft 3 Thermal insulation container 30 High temperature oxide Conductor 4 Liquid nitrogen cooling device 40 Liquid nitrogen 41 Liquid level control device 5 Vacuum tank 50 Pressure reducing device 6 Input / output device B Energy storage device 7, 7a Superconducting radial bearing 8 Motor generator

Claims (1)

A rotating body (100) used for an energy storage device capable of storing energy by rotating a rotating body that is levitated and supported by a superconducting fishing effect and has an extremely small frictional resistance of a bearing,
A single rotator (1) constituting the rotator (100) is formed by extending a linear body or a string-like body made of carbon fiber, glass fiber, or high-tensile fiber between pulling elements and forming an elongated annular shape. A central metal fitting with a mounting hole penetrating through the center so as to fit inside the central part of the formed linear or string-like body is arranged, and the centrifugal force when the rotating body rotates with a pulling element The plastic body is poured into the inner space of the bone body and solidified so as to include the bone body by applying the required tensile force in the direction,
Thus, the single rotating body (1) is preliminarily applied with a required compressive force or compressive stress in the direction opposite to the centrifugal force direction when the rotating body (1) rotates,
Furthermore, the single rotating body (1) has a structure that is an elongated plate-like body or rod-like body that is long in the direction of centrifugal force when rotating at both ends so that the rotational balance is achieved. And
A single rotating body (1) is overlapped in the axial direction of the rotating shaft (102), and the rotating shaft (102) is rotated so as to have a radial shape while being sequentially shifted at an equal angle in the axial circumferential direction around the rotating shaft (102). 102),
A rotating body used for energy storage devices.

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