JP4579764B2 - Film forming apparatus and film manufacturing method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a film forming apparatus and a film manufacturing method for forming a film by extruding a molten resin from a die.

  In a film forming apparatus for forming a resin film or a resin sheet (hereinafter collectively referred to simply as a film) by extruding a molten resin from a lip opening of a T-die, the resin extruded from the lip opening or the like during the film formation As a result of the contained additive adhering to the lip surface of the T-die, foreign matter such as scouring may occur on the lip surface. When such a foreign substance comes into contact with the resin extruded from the lip port or enters the resin, the quality of the film to be molded deteriorates. For this reason, several techniques for removing foreign substances adhering to the lip surface have been proposed.

As one of them, a foreign substance removing device described in Patent Document 1 is known. This foreign matter removing device includes a pair of sliding bodies slidably provided on the lip surface of the T die, a pair of holding bodies that hold the respective sliding bodies, and a holder that is provided on the T die and is movably held. And a moving means for moving each holding body, and the sliding body is slid along the edge of the lip mouth to remove the foreign matter attached to the lip portion.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-92467

  However, the following problems exist in the prior art. That is, in order to remove the foreign matter adhering to the lip portion (lip surface) of the T die by the foreign matter removing device, it is necessary to stop the operation of the film forming apparatus. When the film forming device is in operation, the lip mouth may bend and bend due to resin pressure, etc. If the sliding body is slid near the edge of the lip mouth in this case, the tip of the sliding body If it is too far away from the lip mouth, foreign matter removal will not be performed sufficiently, or the tip of the sliding body will be pushed into the inside of the lip mouth and come into contact with the resin, resulting in damage to the film formed. is there. However, once the operation of the film forming apparatus is stopped, it takes time until a film that can be used as a product can be stably manufactured, so that the production efficiency of the product decreases.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a film forming apparatus and a film manufacturing method capable of removing foreign matter adhering to the lip surface of a die while maintaining an operating state.

  A film forming apparatus according to the present invention is a film forming apparatus provided with a die having a lip surface provided with a lip port for extruding molten resin, and a foreign matter removing unit for removing foreign matter adhering to the lip surface. The foreign matter removing unit is provided so as to be rotatable in a direction close to or away from the lip surface and has a removal tool for pushing away the foreign matter adhering to the lip surface, and is fixed to the die and fixed to the lip mouth. A guide body extending in the longitudinal direction, a movable holding body supported by the guide body so as to be movable in the longitudinal direction of the lip port, and holding the removal tool so that the push-out member can move forward and backward with respect to the lip port; A biasing member that biases the tip of the member against the lip surface, and the push-out member is provided with a position defining portion for defining the tip position of the push-out member with respect to the lip opening, The side surface of the stomach, and is characterized in that the groove to be engaged with the position-defining portion extending in the longitudinal direction of the lip opening is formed.

  In the film forming apparatus according to the present invention, when the position defining portion provided on the push-out member is engaged with the groove portion, the tip position of the push-out member coincides with the edge position of the lip mouth on the foreign substance removal unit side. It is configured as follows. When the foreign matter actually attached to the lip surface of the die is removed by the foreign matter removal unit, for example, the movable holding body is moved along the guide body to the foreign matter attachment position, and the removal tool is placed on the lip mouth in that state. By moving it toward the outside, the foreign material is pushed away by the pushing member into the molten resin pushed out from the lip opening.

  At this time, the pushing member is rotated in the approaching / separating direction with respect to the lip surface, and the tip of the pushing member is pressed against the lip surface by the biasing member. Therefore, for example, when the edge of the lip mouth of the die is bent due to resin pressure during operation of the film forming apparatus, or the die is adjusted with an adjusting bolt or the like so as to widen or narrow the width of the lip mouth Even in such a case, the tip of the pushing member comes into contact with the lip surface following the deformation of the die. As a result, the foreign matter adhering to the lip surface of the die can be reliably removed while maintaining the operating state of the film forming apparatus.

  Further, a position defining portion is provided on the pushing member, and the position defining portion is engaged with a groove formed on the side surface of the die, whereby the tip position of the pushing member is determined. As a result, even if the width of the lip mouth changes as described above, the tip position of the push-out member and the edge position of the lip mouth can always be substantially matched, and the positioning accuracy of the tip of the push-out member Can be improved. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the pushing member from being separated from the lip port and removing foreign matter, and conversely, the pushing member is prevented from being pushed too much into the lip port and coming into contact with the molten resin.

  Preferably, the position defining portion includes a roller that travels in the groove portion. Accordingly, even when the position defining portion is engaged with the groove portion and the pushing member is slid in the longitudinal direction of the lip mouth to remove foreign matter, the frictional resistance between the position defining portion and the groove portion is reduced, and the pushing member is reduced. The foreign matter can be removed while maintaining the positioning accuracy of the tip of the lens sufficiently high.

  Preferably, the foreign matter removing unit further includes means for driving the removing tool so that the pushing member moves forward and backward with respect to the lip opening. By controlling the operation of the removal tool by means for driving such a removal tool, foreign matter removal in the film forming apparatus according to the present invention can be automated.

  Further preferably, the foreign matter removing unit further includes means for driving the movable holding body so that the movable holding body moves in the longitudinal direction of the lip opening along the guide body. By controlling the operation of the movable holding body by means for driving such a movable holding body, foreign substance removal in the film forming apparatus according to the present invention can be automated.

  The method for producing a film according to the present invention includes a step of preparing the above-described film forming apparatus, a step of forming a film by extruding a molten resin from a lip port of a die, and a foreign matter attached to the lip surface. And moving the movable holding body along the guide body in the longitudinal direction of the lip mouth, and moving the removal tool toward the lip mouth to remove foreign matter.

  In the film manufacturing method according to the present invention, by forming a film using the above-described film forming apparatus, it is possible to remove foreign matter adhering to the lip surface of the die while maintaining the operating state of the film forming apparatus. it can.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to remove foreign matter adhering to the lip surface of the die while maintaining the operating state. Thereby, it is not necessary to frequently stop the operation of the film forming apparatus, so that it is possible to improve film productivity.

  Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the description, the same reference numerals are used for the same elements or elements having the same function, and a duplicate description is omitted.

  FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram showing an embodiment of a film forming apparatus 1 according to the present invention. In the same figure, the film forming apparatus 1 of this embodiment is an apparatus for shape | molding a thermoplastic resin film. The film forming apparatus 1 includes an extruder 2, a feed block 3, a T die 4, an air chamber 5, a chill roll 6, a plurality of rolls 7, and a take-up roll 8. The air chamber 5 and the chill roll 6 are installed below the T die 4. In order to shorten the distance between the T die 4 and the chill roll 6, the chill roll 6 is arranged so as to be shifted to one side with respect to the vertical center line of the T die 4.

  In such a film forming apparatus 1, the resin P melted and kneaded by the extruder 2 is extruded from the T die 4 through the feed block 3. The resin extruded from the T die 4 is pressed against the chill roll 6 by the air chamber 5 and is cured by being rapidly cooled by the chill roll 6. The cured resin is wound as a film on the winding roll 8 through the plurality of rolls 7.

  The T die 4 can be used for manufacturing various T die films and sheets. For example, from the viewpoint of the processing method, it can be used for processing of an unstretched cast film, an unstretched sheet, a uniaxially stretched film, a biaxially stretched film, etc., and from the viewpoint of the film configuration, it is a single layer film or a multilayer film. It can be used for molding.

  The raw material of the film manufactured using T-die 4 is not particularly limited. For example, ethylene homopolymer, propylene homopolymer, 1-butene homopolymer, ethylene-propylene copolymer, ethylene-1- Butene copolymer, ethylene-1-hexene copolymer, ethylene-1-octene copolymer, propylene-1-butene copolymer, propylene-1-hexene copolymer, propylene-1-octene copolymer, Ethylene-propylene-1-butene copolymer, ethylene-propylene-1-hexene copolymer, propylene-ethylene block copolymer, ethylene-propylene-1-octene copolymer, ethylene-styrene copolymer, propylene- Styrene copolymer, ethylene-vinylcyclohexane copolymer, propylene-vinylcyclohexane copolymer Body, polyolefin resins such as ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, polyamide resins such as nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 11 and nylon 12, polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate, etc. These resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

  FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a lower portion of the T die 4, and FIG. 3 is a bottom view of the T die 4. In each figure, the lower surface (lip surface) 9 of the T die 4 is provided with a lip port 11 formed by a resin flow path 10 extending in the vertical direction in the T die 4. The lip port 11 is a slit-like opening for extruding the molten resin P to form a film. The inner wall surface (resin channel surface) 10a of the T die 4 forming the resin channel 10 is plated. This plating is not particularly limited, and may be hard chromium, copper, nickel, titanium, zinc, tungsten carbide, diamond nickel or the like. In particular, since the lip port 11 and the resin flow path surface 10a of the T die 4 are liable to cause seizure and corrosion of the resin, they are subjected to hard chrome plating, nickel plating, tungsten carbide thermal spraying, and the like, so Is preferably increased.

  The length L in the longitudinal direction of the lip port 11 is, for example, 0.5 to 7 m. In the T die 4 having such a lip port 11, the width W1 of the center portion in the longitudinal direction of the lip port 11 is larger than the width W2 of the end portion in the longitudinal direction of the lip port 11 due to the pressure of the resin P pushed out from the lip port 11. May grow. For this reason, a plurality of adjustment bolts 12 for adjusting the width of the lip port 11 are provided in parallel on the T die 4 along the longitudinal direction of the lip port 11. Thereby, it becomes possible to adjust so that the thickness of the film formed with the film forming apparatus 1 may become substantially uniform in the width direction.

  As described above, since the chill roll 6 is disposed so as to be shifted to one side with respect to the vertical center line of the T die 4, the resin P extruded from the T die 4 is opposite to the chill roll 6 (half chill roll 6 Side) and is attracted to the chill roll 6. For this reason, the resin P extruded from the T-die 4 strongly contacts the vicinity of the edge 13a on the half chill roll 6 side of the pair of edges 13a and 13b along the longitudinal direction of the lip port 11, and contacts the edge 13b on the chill roll 6 side. Since the contact is weak, foreign matter such as sea urchin easily adheres to the lip surface 9 in the vicinity of the edge 13a.

  Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the film forming apparatus 1 further includes a foreign matter removing unit 14 for removing foreign matters attached to the lip surface 9 of the T die 4. FIG. 4 is a sectional view mainly showing the foreign matter removing unit 14. The foreign matter removing unit 14 has heat resistance, and is installed on the anti-chill roll 6 side of the T die 4.

  The foreign substance removal unit 14 includes a guide body 15, a movable holding body 16, a removal tool 17, a pair of air cylinders 18, and a motor 19.

  The guide body 15 includes a plate 20 and a rail 21. The plate 20 is a part of the side surface of the T die 4 on the side opposite to the chill roll 6 and is fixed to the inclined surface 22 inclined with respect to the lip surface 9 and extends in the longitudinal direction of the lip port 9 of the T die 4. . The rail 21 is provided on the inclined surface 22 of the T die 4 via the plate 20.

  The movable holding body 16 includes a supported portion 23 that is movably supported by the rail 21, and a holding portion 24 that is fixed to the supported portion 23 and holds the removal tool 17. The holding portion 24 is formed with an insertion hole 25 that is parallel to the lip surface 9 of the T die 4 and extends in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the lip port 11.

  The removal tool 17 has a rod-shaped removal tool body 26 that is inserted through the insertion hole 25 of the holding portion 24. As shown in FIG. 3, the proximal end of the removal tool main body 26 is connected to a connecting member 27. On the other hand, a knife (pushing member) 28 for pushing away foreign matter adhering to the lip surface 9 of the T die 4 is close to the lip surface 9 around the shaft 29 at the front end side portion of the removing tool body 26. It is provided so as to be able to rotate in a separating direction (arrow A direction shown in FIG. 4).

  The pushing member 28 is located on the tip side of the removal tool main body 26 and is bent so as to extend substantially along the inclined surface 22 of the T die 4 in a state where the tip of the pushing member 28 is in contact with the lip surface 9. And a distal end portion 28b which is located on the distal end side of the bent portion 28a and is bent toward the lip surface 9 side. Copper is welded to the surface of the pushing member 28 to prevent the lip surface 9 from being damaged.

  An urging member 30 is attached to a connecting portion between the removal tool main body 26 and the push-out member 28. As shown in FIG. 4, the urging member 30 is provided on the T die 4 side so that each end thereof is connected to the removing tool main body 26 and the pushing member 28. The urging member 30 is a tension spring that pulls the ends of each urging member 30 and urges the tip of the pushing member 28 to press against the lip surface 9. As a result, the tip of the push-out member 28 is always in contact with the lip surface 9. The urging member 30 is not limited to a tension spring, and various types can be used as long as the tip of the pushing member 28 is pressed against the lip surface 9.

  The bent portion 28a of the push-out member 28 is engaged with a groove portion 31 formed on the inclined surface 22 of the T die 4 so as to extend in the longitudinal direction of the lip port 11, and the position of the push-out member 28 with respect to the lip port 11 is determined. A position defining portion 32 for defining is provided. The position defining portion 32 has a support body 32b attached to the bent portion 28a by a bolt 32a, and a pair of rollers 32c rotatably supported by the support body 32b. Each roller 32c contacts the bottom surface of the groove portion 30 so as to be substantially perpendicular to the inclined surface 22 in a state where the tip of the pushing member 28 contacts the lip surface 9, and the inside of the groove portion 31 has Travel along the longitudinal direction.

  Here, two springs 33 with protrusions that push up the removing tool main body 26 from below are provided below the holding portion 24. For this reason, when the roller 32c enters the groove portion 31, the roller 32c is pressed against the bottom surface of the groove portion 31 so that the displacement of the push-out member 28 does not occur. In addition, the roller 33c can be adjusted in its mounting position by the bolt 32a so that the tip position of the pushing member 28 coincides with the position of the edge 13a of the lip mouth 11 when entering the groove 31 (see FIG. 6). It has become.

  The pair of air cylinders 18 are respectively attached via connecting members 34 provided on both side surfaces of the holding portion 24. Each air cylinder 18 has a piston rod 18a, and the tip of each piston rod 18a is connected to a connecting member 35. Thereby, by moving the piston rod 18a of each air cylinder 18 forward and backward, the pushing member 28 provided at the tip of the removing tool main body 26 via the connecting member 35 and the removing tool main body 26 is moved to the lip opening of the T die 4. 11 will advance and retreat.

  The motor 19 is attached to a plate 36 provided on an inclined side surface of the T die 4 on the side opposite to the chill roll 6 via a holding plate 37. A rotation shaft (not shown) of the motor 19 is connected to the ball screw 38. The ball screw 38 is screwed with the holding portion 24. Thereby, by rotating the motor 19, the ball screw 38 is rotated, and accordingly, the movable holding body 16 extends along the guide body 15 in the longitudinal direction of the lip port 11 (direction of arrow B shown in FIG. 3). Will be moved to.

  In the film forming apparatus 1 configured as described above, the film is manufactured while removing the foreign matter adhering to the vicinity of the edge 13a of the lip port 11 on the lip surface 9 of the T die 4 using the foreign matter removing unit 14. .

  Specifically, when the film forming apparatus 1 is in a normal movable state, the push-out member 30 of the removing tool 17 is moved by the air cylinder 19 to the lip surface of the T die 4 as shown in FIGS. 9 is located away from the vicinity of the lip mouth 11. When foreign matter is found on the lip surface 9 of the T-die 4 during film formation or when the take-up roll 8 is replaced, the foreign matter removal unit 14 removes the foreign matter attached to the lip surface 9 at a predetermined timing. Processing is performed.

  When performing the foreign substance removal process, first, as shown in FIG. 5, the motor 20 is operated while the push-out member 28 of the removal tool 17 is kept away from the vicinity of the lip opening 11 of the T die 4. By actuating and moving the movable holding body 16 along the rail 22, the pushing member 28 is guided to the portion of the lip surface 9 where the foreign matter d is attached.

  At this time, since the pushing member 28 is guided without contacting the resin P pushed out from the lip port 11, the resin P does not adhere to the pushing member 28. Further, by moving the movable holding body 16 along the rail 21, the pushing member 28 of the removal tool 17 can be accurately guided in the direction along the edge 13 a of the lip mouth 11.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 6, the air cylinder 18 is operated, and the removal tool 17 is pushed out toward the lip port 11 side of the T die 4 until the roller 32 c of the position defining portion 32 enters the groove portion 31. The tip of the member 28 is moved to the edge 13 a of the lip mouth 11. Thereby, the foreign substance d adhering to the vicinity of the lip mouth 11 in the lip surface 9 is removed together with the resin P pushed out from the lip mouth 11.

  At this time, the tip of the pushing member 28 is urged by the urging member 30 so as to be pressed against the lip surface 9 and is always in contact with the lip surface 9, so that the foreign matter d adhering to the lip surface 9 is completely removed. It can be scraped off and removed. Further, by moving the removal tool main body 26 of the removal tool 17 along the insertion hole 25 of the movable holding body 16, the push-out member 28 can be accurately guided toward the edge 13 a of the lip mouth 11. Furthermore, since the movement of the pushing member 28 is restricted by the roller 32c entering the groove portion 31, the tip of the pushing member 28 is accurately positioned at the edge 13a of the lip port 11.

  By the way, as shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, when the width of the lip opening is adjusted to be widened or narrowed by the adjusting bolt 12, the lip mouth 9 is formed on the T die 4. The lip wall 4a on the anti-chill roll 6 side to be formed moves so as to rotate with an arbitrary point C at the base end as a fulcrum. However, even in such a case, the pushing member 28 can also rotate about the shaft 29 with respect to the removing tool body 26, so that the tip of the pushing member 28 is always placed on the lip surface 9 by the biasing member 30. At the same time, the roller 32c enters the groove 31 and the position of the tip of the push-out member 28 can be correctly positioned.

The resin P extruded from the lip port 11 can also be obtained by moving the removal device 17 by a predetermined amount toward the lip port 11 and then moving the removal device 17 along the longitudinal direction of the lip port 11 by the ball screw 38. The foreign matter d can be pressed against the surface and removed. At this time,
Since the roller 32c of the position defining portion 32 travels in the groove portion 31, less resistance is received from the groove portion 31.

  After the removal of the foreign matter d is completed, the film supplied to the take-up roll 8 is cut off, and the end portion of the film taken up by the take-up roll 8 is cut off by the resin P containing the foreign matter d. Discard the formed film.

  As described above, in this embodiment, the foreign matter removal unit 14 presses and removes the foreign matter d adhering to the lip surface 9 of the T die 4 against the resin P extruded from the lip port 11 of the T die 4. The foreign matter d can be easily removed even when the molding apparatus 1 is in an operating state. Therefore, since it is not necessary to stop the operation of the film forming apparatus 1, the film forming efficiency is not lowered.

  Further, the push-out member 28 can rotate in the approaching / separating direction (the direction of arrow A shown in FIG. 4) with respect to the lip surface 9, and the urging member 30 rips the tip of the push-out member 28. Since the pressing force is applied to the surface 9, even when the T die 4 is deformed by the pressure of the resin P or the adjusting bolt 12 and the width of the lip port 11 is changed, The tip always follows the deformation of the T-die 4 and always comes into contact with the lip surface 9, so that the foreign matter d can be reliably removed.

  Further, by engaging the roller 31c of the position defining portion 32 attached to the bent portion 28a of the pushing member 28 with the groove portion 31 formed on the inclined surface 22 of the T die 4, the lip port 11 of the T die 4 is engaged. Since the tip position of the push-out member 28 with respect to is regulated, the tip position of the push-out member 28 is changed even when the T die 4 is deformed by the pressure of the resin P or the adjusting bolt 12 and the width of the lip port 11 is changed. Positioning can be performed with high accuracy. Therefore, the tip of the push-out member 28 can be prevented from being too far away from the lip port 11, and the foreign matter d adhering to the lip surface 9 can be more reliably removed. Further, the tip of the push-out member 28 is also prevented from being pushed into the lip port 11, and the push-out member 28 hardly comes into contact with the resin P pushed out from the lip port 11. Can be avoided. Further, since the resin P pushed out from the lip port 11 does not excessively adhere to the pushing member 28, the lip surface 9 can be prevented from being soiled by the pushing member 28.

  Further, by operating the air cylinder 19, the pushing member 28 is moved forward and backward with respect to the lip port 11, and by operating the motor 20, the ball screw 41 is rotated to move the movable holding body 16 in the longitudinal direction of the lip port 11. Therefore, the removal of the foreign matter d in the film forming apparatus 1 can be automated by controlling the air cylinder 18 and the motor 19. Therefore, the operator does not have to touch the T die 4.

  As described above, it is possible to improve the production efficiency of the product and obtain a good quality film.

  In addition, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment. For example, in the above embodiment, the foreign matter removing unit 14 is attached to the T die 4 having the adjusting bolt 12, but the film forming apparatus 1 according to the present invention has the T die even without the adjusting bolt 12. The present invention is applicable as long as the width dimension of the four lip ports 11 can be adjusted.

It is a whole lineblock diagram showing one embodiment of a film forming device concerning the present invention. FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view showing a T die and a foreign matter removing unit shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a bottom view showing the T die and the foreign matter removing unit shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view mainly showing the foreign matter removing unit shown in FIG. 2. It is a bottom view which shows the operation | movement which removes the foreign material adhering to the lip surface of T-die by the foreign material removal unit shown in FIG. FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an operation of removing foreign matter adhering to the lip surface of the T die by the foreign matter removing unit shown in FIG. 2. (A) is a vertical sectional view showing the T die and the foreign matter removing unit shown in FIG. 2 in a state where the lip opening is widened by an adjusting bolt, and (b) is a state where the lip opening is narrowed by the adjusting bolt. It is vertical direction sectional drawing which shows T die and a foreign material removal unit.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Film forming apparatus, 4 ... T die, 9 ... Lip surface, 11 ... Lip port, 12 ... Adjustment bolt, 14 ... Foreign substance removal unit, 15 ... Guide body, 16 ... Movable holding body, 17 ... Removal tool, 18 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS ... Air cylinder, 19 ... Motor, 22 ... Inclined surface (side surface), 26 ... Removal tool main body, 28 ... Pushing member, 31 ... Groove part, 32 ... Position-defining part, 32c ... Roller, 38 ... Ball screw, P ... Resin .

Claims (5)

A film forming apparatus comprising a die having a lip surface provided with a lip port for extruding molten resin, and a foreign matter removing unit for removing foreign matter adhering to the lip surface,
The foreign matter removing unit is
A remover having a push-out member provided so as to be able to rotate in a direction approaching or separating from the lip surface and for pushing away foreign matter adhering to the lip surface;
A guide body fixed to the die and extending in the longitudinal direction of the lip mouth;
A movable holding body that is supported by the guide body so as to be movable in the longitudinal direction of the lip port, and that holds the removal tool so that the push-out member can move forward and backward with respect to the lip port;
A biasing member that biases the tip of the push-out member so as to press against the lip surface;
The pushing member is provided with a position defining portion for defining the tip position of the pushing member with respect to the lip opening.
A film forming apparatus, wherein a groove portion extending in a longitudinal direction of the lip mouth and engaging with the position defining portion is formed on a side surface of the die.   The film forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the position defining portion includes a roller that travels in the groove portion.   3. The film forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the foreign matter removing unit further includes means for driving the removing tool so that the pushing member moves forward and backward with respect to the lip opening.   The said foreign substance removal unit further has a means to drive the said movable holding body so that the said movable holding body may move to the longitudinal direction of the said lip opening along the said guide body. The film forming apparatus as described in any one of Claims. Preparing a film forming apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
Forming a film by extruding a molten resin from the lip opening of the die; and
When there is a foreign matter attached to the lip surface, the movable holding body is moved along the guide body in the longitudinal direction of the lip mouth, and the removal tool is moved toward the lip mouth, And a step of removing the foreign matter.

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