JP4582835B2 - Method for manufacturing piezoelectric member for actuator - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing piezoelectric member for actuator Download PDFInfo
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- JP4582835B2 JP4582835B2 JP24264199A JP24264199A JP4582835B2 JP 4582835 B2 JP4582835 B2 JP 4582835B2 JP 24264199 A JP24264199 A JP 24264199A JP 24264199 A JP24264199 A JP 24264199A JP 4582835 B2 JP4582835 B2 JP 4582835B2
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- sintered body
- lead zirconate
- zirconate titanate
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、超音波モーター、インクジェットプリンタヘッド等に用いられるチタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系焼結体からなるアクチュエータ用圧電部材の製造方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、超音波モーターやインクジェットプリンタヘッドには圧電型のアクチュエータが用いられている。この圧電型のアクチュエータの基本原理は、分極処理した圧電セラミックスからなるアクチュエータ用圧電部材の相対する面に電極を形成して電圧を印加すると、圧電セラミックス中の結晶に歪みが発生して変形することを利用したもので、このようなアクチュエータ用圧電部材としてチタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系焼結体が用いられていた。
【0003】
チタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系焼結体を製造するには、アルコキシド法、蓚酸法、水熱合成法等の化学的方法や仮焼合成法等で合成したチタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系合成粉体を、周知のプレス成形法、テープ成形法等にて成形し、大気雰囲気(酸素濃度が20体積%程度)にて焼成して製作されていた。
【0004】
しかしながら、PbOを主成分とした鉛系複合材料を大気雰囲気中で焼成すると、PbOが蒸発して圧電諸特性が劣化することが知られている。
【0005】
その為、大気焼成にて圧電諸特性を劣化させずにチタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系焼結体を得る方法として、特開平11−12031号公報には、チタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系合成粉体を得る際に、焼成時に蒸発するPbOをあらかじめ過剰に加え、圧電諸特性の劣化を防止することが開示されている。
【0006】
また、チタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系焼結体をアクチュエータ用圧電部材として用いる場合、圧電定数等の圧電諸特性が高いことは勿論のこと、高細度、高精度の加工性が要求され、ダイシングソーやワイヤーソー等による微細加工においてカケやチッピング等が発生しないような機械的特性に優れたアクチュエータ用圧電部材が望まれていた。そして、ダイシングソーやワイヤーソー等での微細加工によるカケやチッピングの発生を防ぐためには、チタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系焼結体そのものの機械的強度を向上させるとともに、焼結体内部に存在するボイド径やボイド率を小さくすることが必要であった。
【0007】
その為、緻密化されたチタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系焼結体を得る方法として、熱間静水圧プレス法(HIP法)にて、ボイドを押しつぶすか、あるいは特許第2652425号に開示されているように、昇温時の酸素濃度を50体積%以上とし、かつ焼成温度時の酸素濃度を昇温時の1/2乃至10体積%にして焼成することが提案されていた。
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところが、特開平11−12031号公報に開示されているように、チタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系合成粉体の秤量時にあらかじめ過剰のPbOを加えるようにしても、大気雰囲気での焼成では、PbOの蒸発を防ぐことが難しく、PbOが焼結体表面から蒸発するため、焼結体表層部と焼結体内部との組成差並びにボイド径やボイド率の差が大きく、内外の構造が均質なチタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系焼結体を得ることができなかった。
【0009】
その為、得られたチタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系焼結体をアクチュエータ用圧電部材に用いる場合、焼結体表層部を研削加工にて除去する必要があり、高価な原料の無駄が多く、また研削時間が長くなるといった不都合があった。
【0010】
また、焼結体表層部を研削加工にて除去したとしても、焼結体内部は充分に緻密化されていないため、所定の形状に研削するために、ダイシングソーやワイヤーソー等にて加工を施すと、カケやチッピング等が発生し易く、例えば電極や微細な電極引出線を形成する場合、断線を招く要因となっていた。
【0011】
しかも、大気雰囲気中での焼成では、大気圧の変化に伴ってPbOの蒸発量が変化し易いため、チタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系焼結体の組成にばらつきが生じ易く、安定した圧電諸特性を持ったアクチュエータ用圧電部材を得ることが難しかった。
【0012】
一方、熱間静水圧プレス法(HIP法)にて緻密化した場合、全体的に緻密なチタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系焼結体を得ることができるものの、焼結体表層部と焼結体内部とでボイドの分布状態に差があり、焼結体内外において均質な構造を有するチタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系焼結体を得ることは難しいものであった。
【0013】
その為、熱間静水圧プレス法(HIP法)にて緻密化した焼結体もまたアクチュエータ用圧電部材として用いる場合、研削加工にて焼結体表層部を除去しなければならなかった。
【0014】
しかも、熱間静水圧プレス法(HIP法)は、外圧を加えながら焼成する方法であるため、焼結体中に残留応力が残り、ダイシングソーやワイヤーソーでの研削加工時に応力が開放され、カケやチッピングが発生する恐れもあった。
【0015】
その上、熱間静水圧プレス法(HIP法)は、高価な加圧設備を必要とするためにコストがかかり、アクチュエータ用圧電部材が高額なものになってしまうとともに、量産化に適さないといった課題もあった。
【0016】
これに対し、特許第2652425号に開示された方法では、焼成時における炉内雰囲気の変化を少なくでき、かつPbOの蒸発を制御することができるため、チタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系焼結体を全体的に緻密化できるものの、この方法においても大きなボイドが焼結体中に残ることがあった。
【0017】
この理由としては、チタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系粒子間に形成される空孔内の酸素濃度と外気の酸素濃度の勾配が大きくなると、酸素が拡散することにより、チタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系粒子間の隙間を埋めてボイドを追い出すとともに、粒成長を助長し、焼結を促進させ、ボイド径を小さくする傾向があり、ある程度の大きさのボイドは消失し、ボイド率を小さくできるのであるが、粒成長とともに、粒子界面に孤立したボイドがチタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系粒子中に取り込まれてしまうためであると思われる。そして、チタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系粒子中に取り込まれたボイドを取り除くことは、粒子界面に孤立したボイドを取り除くより困難であった。
【0018】
その為、大きなボイドが存在するチタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系焼結体に研削加工を施すと、欠けやチッピングの原因となるとともに、電極や微細な電極引出線を形成する場合、断線を招く要因となっていた。
【0020】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明はアクチュエータ用圧電部材を製造するにあたり、平均粒径が0.4〜0.7μm、粒度分布の標準偏差が0.2μm以下、BET比表面積が5〜13m2/gであるチタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系合成粉体を所定の形状に成形した成形体を、マグネシア系セラミックス又はジルコニア系セラミックスからなる半密閉容器に入れ、炉内雰囲気の酸素濃度を25体積%以上に保ちながら焼成することを特徴とする。
【0030】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明のアクチュエータ用圧電部材の製造方法は、チタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系焼結体を構成する各元素の化合物を秤量し、アルコキシド法、蓚酸法、水熱合成法等の化学的方法や仮焼合成法等で合成して基本組成式がPbZrTiO3で表されるペロブスカイト組成を有し、前記基本組成式のPbがBa、Sr、Laのうち少なくとも1種以上の元素で一部置換され、且つZrとTiがNb、Zn、Sb、Ni、Mgのうち少なくとも1種以上で一部置換されたチタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系合成粉末を作製する。ここで、チタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系焼結体を構成する各元素の化合物としては、基本成分であるPb3O4、ZrO2、TiO2に対し、Pbと一部置換する成分として、BaCO3、SrCO3、La2O 3 の少なくとも一種以上を、Zr及びTiと一部置換する成分として、Nb2O5、ZnO、Sb2O3、NiO、MgCO3の少なくとも1種以上をそれぞれ添加する。
【0031】
そして、チタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系合成粉末を回転ミル等にて平均粒径が0.4〜0.7μm、粒度分布の標準偏差が0.2μm以下、BET比表面積が5〜13m2 /gになるまで粉砕する。
【0032】
チタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系合成粉末の平均粒径が0.7μmを越えると、BET比表面積が5m2 /g未満となり、全エネルギーにしめる表面エネルギーの割合が小さくなるために焼成温度を下げる効果がなく、粒成長を促進されて焼結体中におけるチタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系粒子の最大結晶粒径が10μmを越え、粒成長によってボイドがチタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系粒子中に取り込まれて最大ボイド径10μm以下、焼結体内部のボイド率1%以下を達成することができず、逆に平均粒径が0.4μm未満では、BET比表面積が13m2 /g以下となるように粉砕することが難しくなるとともに、メディアの摩耗粉が混入して組成が変わってしまうからである
また、粒度分布の標準偏差が0.2μmを超えると、粒径のバラツキが大きく、粒径の小さなチタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系粒子は、粒径の大きなチタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系粒子に取り込まれて粒成長し易くなり、焼結後におけるチタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系粒子の最大結晶粒径を10μm以下とすることが難しく、また、ボイドが取り込まれて焼結体中の最大ボイド径10μm以下、焼結体内部のボイド率1%以下を達成することができないからである。
【0033】
なお、チタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系合成粉末の粉砕にあたっては、回転ミル以外に、振動ミルや他粉砕手法を用いれば良い。そして、合成粉末の粒径を調整するには、ボールやビーズ等のメディア径を適宜選択し、湿式で10〜60Hr時間粉砕すれば良い。
【0034】
次に、得られたチタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系合成粉末を有機バインダーと混合し、プレス成形法やテープ成形法等周知のセラミック成形手段にて、所定の形状に成形したあと、200℃〜900℃の大気雰囲気中にて有機バインダーを脱脂し、次いで鉛雰囲気調整用の粉体と共にマグネシア系セラミックス又はジルコニア系セラミックスからなる半密閉容器中に入れる。
【0035】
ここで、半密閉容器を用いる理由としては、焼成炉内の雰囲気置換段階において、容器内へ酸素が容易に置換され、さらにチタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系粒子間に形成されるボイド内に十分な酸素を供給する必要があるからである。また、半密閉容器をマグネシア系セラミックス又はジルコニア系セラミックスにより形成することで、チタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系焼結体との相互拡散反応を防ぐことができる。
そして、焼成炉内に酸素を流入させた状態で、1000℃〜1300℃で焼成すれば良い。
【0036】
ただし、焼成炉内の容積1リットル当たりに供給する酸素流入量が0.1リットル/分より少なくと、焼結体中におけるチタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系粒子間に形成されるボイド内に十分な酸素を供給することができず、ボイド内の酸素濃度と外気の酸素濃度の勾配が小さくなって酸素拡散が抑制されるため、ボイドを追い出す効果が小さく、逆に、焼成炉内の容積1リットル当たりに供給する酸素流入量が2.0リットル/分より多くなると、炉内の温度が安定しなかったり、炉内の温度が低下するために、焼成ムラを生じることがある。その為、焼成時における酸素流入量は、焼成炉内の容積1リットル当たり0.1〜2.0リットル/分とする。
【0037】
また、炉内雰囲気の酸素濃度が25体積%未満では、酸素濃度が低すぎるため、PbOの蒸発、分解が著しく、またボイド中の酸素濃度が低いことから、焼結時においてボイド内の酸素拡散が起り難く、ボイドを収縮させることができないために緻密化することができない。その為、ボイドの収縮速度を速めるためには、炉内雰囲気の酸素濃度を、25体積%以上、好ましくは50体積%以上、さらに望ましくは80体積%以上とすることが良い。
【0038】
以上のように、チタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系合成粉体の平均粒径、粒度分布の標準偏差、BET比表面積を前述したように制御するとともに、焼成過程で生成されたボイド中に酸素を供給して拡散させることで、ボイドを小さくしたり、消失させることができるため、チタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系焼結体中における最大ボイド径を10μm以下、焼結体内部におけるボイド率を1.0%以下、さらに焼結体表層部と焼結体内部におけるボイド率の差を1.0%以下とすることができるとともに、焼結体の密度を理論密度の98%以上に緻密化することができるため、アクチュエータとして重要な圧電定数等の圧電諸特性を向上させることができるとともに、所望の形状とするために研削加工を施しても欠けやチッピングを生じることがない。しかも、無研磨状態ので焼結体表面の表面粗度を中心線平均粗さ(Ra)で0.3μm以下の滑らかな面とすることができるため、直接電極や電極引出線を形成することができ、製作工程を減らせるとともに、高価が原料無駄を防ぐことができるといった効果を有するアクチュエータ用圧電部材を形成することができる。
【0039】
【実施例】
以下、本発明に係るアクチュエータ用圧電部材の製造方法の一例について説明する。
【0040】
出発原料に、Pb3 O4 、SrCO3 、ZrO2 、TiO2 、Nb2 O5 、ZnOの粉末を用い、各粉末を所定量秤量し、ボールミルにて20時間湿式混合したあと、脱水乾燥し、しかるのち900℃で3時間仮焼してチタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系合成粉体を得た。そして、得られた合成粉体、直径0.5〜10mmのジルコニアボール、イオン交換水を1:5:2の割合で容器に投入し、回転ミルにて20〜60時間粉砕することで、平均粒径、粒径の標準偏差、BET比表面積を表1に示すように異ならせた。
【0041】
次に、得られた合成粉体に有機バインダーを添加混練し、乾燥、造粒して顆粒を作製したあと、得られた顆粒を1.2t/cm2 の圧力で一軸加圧成型して成形体を形成したあと、300℃の大気雰囲気中にて有機バインダーを脱脂し、しかるのち鉛雰囲気調整用の粉体と共にジルコニアセラミックス、マグネシアセラミックス、アルミナセラミックスからなる半密閉容器中に入れ、焼成炉内に供給する酸素流入量及び酸素濃度を表1のように調整して1100℃で焼成することにより、表2に示す試料A〜Oのチタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系焼結体からなるアクチュエータ用圧電部材を得た。
【0042】
また、従来例として、表1の試料Pに示す平均粒径、粒径の標準偏差、BET比表面積を有するチタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系合成粉体を用い、脱脂処理した成形体を大気雰囲気下、1000℃で焼成し、得られたチタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系焼結体を、鉛雰囲気調整用の粉体と共にマグネシアセラミックスからなる半密閉容器中に入れたまま加圧・加熱室に入れ、20体積%の酸素を含んだアルゴンガスを充填し、2000kgf/cm2 の圧力で、1100℃で焼結することにより、表2に示す試料Pのチタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系焼結体からなるアクチュエータ用圧電部材を得た。
【0043】
そして、得られたチタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系焼結体について、焼結体の相対密度、最大結晶粒子径、最大ボイド径、無研磨状態での焼結体表面における表面粗度、焼結体内部におけるボイド率、焼結体表層部と焼結体内部におけるボイド率の差、焼結体の4点曲げ強度及び圧電定数(d15)、並びに研削加工を施した時の欠け等の有無について調べた。
【0044】
なお、焼結体の最大ボイド径、焼結体内部のボイド率、焼結体内外におけるボイド率の差の測定については、焼結体に鏡面加工(ダイヤモンド砥粒0〜1μm仕上げ)を施し、ニレコ製LUZEXーFS画像解析装置を用いて、顕微鏡倍率200倍、測定ポイント10ヶ所、測定面積10.0×103 μm2 条件にて画像解析して測定した。
【0045】
チタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系粒子の最大結晶粒径については、塩酸にてケミカルエッチングを行ない、金属顕微鏡にて200倍の視野で300μm×300μmの範囲を10ヶ所測定し、その最大径を最大結晶粒子径とした。
【0046】
無研磨状態での焼結体表面の表面粗度は、JIS B 0601に準拠して測定し、次に電極を形成した時の断線の有無を確認するために、スパッタリングによって、30μmの線幅、0.1μm厚みを有する金属膜を形成し、この金属膜に通電して断線がなかったものを○、断線していたものを×として評価した。
【0047】
4点曲げ強度については、JIS R1601−1995に準拠し、圧電定数(d15)については、EMAS−6005に準じて行った。
【0048】
さらに、研削加工による欠けやチッピングの有無を確認するため、厚み100μm のダイヤモンドブレードを用いて、200μmピッチでダイシングを行い、幅100μm、深さ350μmの溝を300本形成し、カケやチッピングの発生が見られないものを○、カケやチッピングが発生したものを×として評価した。
それぞれの条件及び結果は表1及び表2に示す通りである。
【0049】
【表1】
【0050】
【表2】
【0051】
この結果、従来例である試料Pは、緻密化されているものの、最大ボイド径が10μmを超え、また焼結体表層部と焼結体内部におけるポイド率の差が1%を超えているため、アクチュエータ用圧電部材として用いるには焼結体表層部を研削する必要があり、さらに研削加工を施すと欠けやチッピングが発生した。
【0052】
また、焼成時に半密閉容器の材質としてアルミナセラミックスを用いた試料G,Lでは、チタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系焼結体との反応が見られ、この焼結体をアクチュエータ用圧電部材として用いるには焼結体表層部を研削加工にて除去する必要があった。
【0053】
一方、試料Aは、表1に見られるように、チタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系合成粉体の平均粒径が0.7μmより大きく、粒子の標準偏差が0.2を超え、さらにBET比表面積が5m2 /g未満であるため、焼結体とした時には焼結体内部のボイド率が1%を超え、焼結体の密度が理論密度の98%未満と緻密化が不十分であった。その為、圧電定数(d15)が600pm/V未満と低く、また、研削加工を施すと欠けやチッピングが発生した。しかも焼結体表層部と焼結体内部におけるボイド率の差も1%を超え大きいため、アクチュエータ用圧電部材として用いるには焼結体表層部を研削する必要があった。その上、無研磨状態での焼結体表面が粗いため、その表面上に微少幅の金属膜を形成すると断線した。
【0054】
また、試料Dは、焼成時の酸素濃度が低いため、焼結体とした時には焼結体内部のボイド率が1%を超え、焼結体の密度が理論密度の98%未満と緻密化が不十分であった。その為、圧電定数(d15)が600pm/V未満と低く、また、研削加工を施すと欠けやチッピングが発生した。しかも焼結体表層部と焼結体内部におけるボイド率の差も1%を超え大きいため、アクチュエータ用圧電部材として用いるには焼結体表層部を研削する必要があった。
【0055】
これに対し、試料B,C,E,F,H〜K,M〜Oは、いずれもチタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系合成粉体の平均粒径が0.4〜0.7μm、粒子の標準偏差が0.2以下、BET比表面積が5〜13m2 /gの範囲にあり、焼成時にはマグネシアセラミックス又はジルコニアセラミックスの半密閉容器を用いて焼成炉内の酸素濃度を25体積%以上としてあることから、焼結体とした時には、焼結体内部のボイド率を10%以下、焼結体の密度を理論密度の98%以上と充分に緻密化することができ、600pm/V以上の高い圧電定数(d15)を得ることができるとともに、焼結体中の最大ボイド径を10μm以下とできるため、研削加工を施しても欠けやチッピングを生じることがなかった。しかも、最大結晶粒子径が10μm以下で、無研磨状態での焼結体表面を中心線平均粗さ(Ra)で0.3μm以下とできるため、無研磨状態での焼結体表面に直接金属膜を被覆しても断線は見られないというように優れていた。
【0056】
【発明の効果】
以上のように、本発明によれば、特定の粒径、粒度分布等を有するチタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系合成粉体を所定の形状に成形した成形体を、マグネシアセラミックス又はジルコニアセラミックスからなる半密閉容器中に入れ、炉内雰囲気の酸素濃度を25体積%以上に保ちながら焼成することにより、焼結体の密度が理論密度の98%以上、最大結晶粒子径が10μm以下、最大ボイド径が10μm以下であるとともに、無研磨状態での前記焼結体表面における表面粗度が中心線平均粗さ(Ra)で0.3μm以下であり、前記焼結体表面から100μmまでの深さを焼結体表層部、それ以外を焼結体内部とした時、該焼結体内部におけるボイド率が1.0%以下でかつ焼結体表層部と焼結体内部におけるボイド率の差が1.0%以下であるチタン酸ジルコン酸鉛系焼結体からなるアクチュエータ用圧電部材を製造するようにしたことから、アクチュエータとして重要な圧電定数等の圧電諸定数を向上させることができ、超音波モータやインクジェットプリンタヘッド等の圧電アクチュエータとして用いた時にはその性能を高めることができるとともに、均質な構造を有することから、焼結体表層部を除去する必要がなく、原料の無駄を無くすことができる。また、所望の形状とするために研削加工を施しても欠けやチッピングを生じ難く、無研磨状態での焼結体表面が滑らかであるため、この焼結体表面に直接電極や電極引出線を形成することができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an ultrasonic motor manufacturing method of the piezoelectric member actuator made of lead zirconate titanate-based sintered body used in an inkjet printer head or the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, piezoelectric actuators are used in ultrasonic motors and inkjet printer heads. The basic principle of this piezoelectric actuator is that when an electrode is formed on the opposing surface of a piezoelectric member made of polarized piezoelectric ceramics and a voltage is applied, the crystals in the piezoelectric ceramic are distorted and deformed. As a piezoelectric member for such an actuator, a lead zirconate titanate-based sintered body has been used.
[0003]
In order to produce a lead zirconate titanate-based sintered body, a lead zirconate titanate-based synthetic powder synthesized by a chemical method such as an alkoxide method, an oxalic acid method, a hydrothermal synthesis method or a calcining synthesis method, It was manufactured by molding using a known press molding method, tape molding method, or the like, and firing in an air atmosphere (oxygen concentration of about 20% by volume).
[0004]
However, it is known that when a lead-based composite material containing PbO as a main component is fired in an air atmosphere, PbO evaporates and various piezoelectric characteristics deteriorate.
[0005]
Therefore, as a method for obtaining a lead zirconate titanate-based sintered body without deteriorating various piezoelectric properties by air firing, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-12031 provides lead zirconate titanate-based synthetic powder. In this case, it is disclosed that PbO that evaporates during firing is excessively added in advance to prevent deterioration of piezoelectric characteristics.
[0006]
In addition, when using a lead zirconate titanate-based sintered body as a piezoelectric member for an actuator, not only high piezoelectric characteristics such as piezoelectric constants but also high fineness and high precision workability are required. There has been a demand for a piezoelectric member for an actuator excellent in mechanical characteristics that does not cause chipping or chipping in microfabrication using a wire saw or the like. In order to prevent the occurrence of chipping and chipping due to microfabrication with a dicing saw, wire saw, etc., the mechanical strength of the lead zirconate titanate-based sintered body itself is improved and voids existing inside the sintered body are also included. It was necessary to reduce the diameter and void ratio.
[0007]
Therefore, as a method for obtaining a dense lead zirconate titanate-based sintered body, the void is crushed by the hot isostatic pressing method (HIP method) or as disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 2652425. Furthermore, it has been proposed that the oxygen concentration at the time of temperature rise be 50% by volume or more, and the oxygen concentration at the firing temperature is ½ to 10% by volume of the temperature rise.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, as disclosed in JP-A-11-12031, even if excess PbO is added in advance during weighing of the lead zirconate titanate-based synthetic powder, the evaporation of PbO is not effective in firing in an air atmosphere. Since PbO evaporates from the surface of the sintered body, there is a large compositional difference between the surface of the sintered body and the inside of the sintered body, as well as differences in the void diameter and void ratio, and the internal and external structures are homogeneous. A lead zirconate-based sintered body could not be obtained.
[0009]
Therefore, when the obtained lead zirconate titanate-based sintered body is used as a piezoelectric member for an actuator, it is necessary to remove the surface layer of the sintered body by grinding, which is wasteful of expensive raw materials and grinding. There was an inconvenience such as long time.
[0010]
In addition, even if the surface layer of the sintered body is removed by grinding, the inside of the sintered body is not sufficiently densified, so processing with a dicing saw or wire saw is necessary to grind it to the specified shape. If applied, chipping or chipping is likely to occur, and for example, when an electrode or a fine electrode lead wire is formed, it is a factor that causes disconnection.
[0011]
In addition, when firing in an air atmosphere, the amount of PbO evaporation is likely to change with changes in atmospheric pressure, so the composition of the lead zirconate titanate-based sintered body is likely to vary, and stable piezoelectric properties can be obtained. It was difficult to obtain a piezoelectric member for actuator.
[0012]
On the other hand, when densified by the hot isostatic pressing method (HIP method), an overall dense lead zirconate titanate-based sintered body can be obtained, but the surface layer of the sintered body and the inside of the sintered body Therefore, it was difficult to obtain a lead zirconate titanate-based sintered body having a homogeneous structure inside and outside the sintered body.
[0013]
Therefore, when a sintered body densified by a hot isostatic pressing method (HIP method) is also used as a piezoelectric member for an actuator, the surface layer portion of the sintered body has to be removed by grinding.
[0014]
Moreover, since the hot isostatic pressing method (HIP method) is a method of firing while applying external pressure, residual stress remains in the sintered body, and the stress is released during grinding with a dicing saw or wire saw, There was a risk of chipping and chipping.
[0015]
In addition, the hot isostatic pressing method (HIP method) is expensive because it requires expensive pressurizing equipment, and the piezoelectric member for the actuator becomes expensive and is not suitable for mass production. There were also challenges.
[0016]
In contrast, in the method disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 2652425, the change in the furnace atmosphere during firing can be reduced, and the evaporation of PbO can be controlled. However, even in this method, large voids may remain in the sintered body.
[0017]
The reason for this is that when the gradient between the oxygen concentration in the vacancies formed between the lead zirconate titanate-based particles and the oxygen concentration in the outside air increases, the oxygen diffuses, so that the lead zirconate titanate-based particles While filling voids and expelling voids, it tends to promote grain growth, promote sintering, and reduce void diameter.Voids of a certain size disappear, and the void ratio can be reduced. This is probably because voids isolated at the particle interface are taken into the lead zirconate titanate particles as they grow. And it was more difficult to remove voids taken into the lead zirconate titanate particles than to remove voids isolated at the particle interface.
[0018]
Therefore, grinding a lead zirconate titanate-based sintered body with large voids may cause chipping or chipping, and may cause disconnection when forming electrodes or fine electrode lead wires. It was.
[0020]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Upon present invention for producing a piezoelectric element for actuators, average particle size 0.4~0.7Myuemu, standard deviation of the particle size distribution is 0.2μm or less, BET specific surface area of 5~13m 2 / g titanate Put a molded body of lead zirconate-based synthetic powder into a predetermined shape into a semi-sealed container made of magnesia-based ceramics or zirconia-based ceramics, and fire while maintaining the oxygen concentration in the furnace atmosphere at 25% by volume or more It is characterized by.
[0030]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The method of manufacturing an actuator for a piezoelectric member of the present invention, was weighed compounds of the respective elements constituting the lead zirconate titanate-based sintered body, an alkoxide method, oxalate method, chemical method and calcination hydrothermal synthesis method or the like Having a perovskite composition whose basic composition formula is represented by PbZrTiO 3 synthesized by a synthesis method or the like, wherein Pb of the basic composition formula is partially substituted with at least one element of Ba, Sr, and La; and A lead zirconate titanate-based synthetic powder in which Zr and Ti are partially substituted with at least one of Nb, Zn, Sb, Ni, and Mg is prepared. Here, as a compound of each element constituting the lead zirconate titanate-based sintered body, BaCO 3 is used as a component partially replacing Pb with respect to Pb 3 O 4 , ZrO 2 , and TiO 2 which are basic components. , SrCO 3, of La 2 O 3 at least one kind, as a component replacing a portion Zr and Ti, added Nb 2 O 5, ZnO, Sb 2 O 3, NiO, MgCO 3 at least one or more, respectively .
[0031]
Then, the lead titanate zirconate-based synthetic powder is adjusted to 0.4 to 0.7 μm in average particle size, 0.2 μm or less in standard deviation of particle size distribution, and 5 to 13 m 2 / g in BET specific surface area using a rotary mill or the like. Grind until
[0032]
If the average particle size of the lead zirconate titanate-based synthetic powder exceeds 0.7 μm, the BET specific surface area becomes less than 5 m 2 / g, and the ratio of surface energy to the total energy is small, so there is no effect of lowering the firing temperature. When the grain growth is promoted, the maximum crystal grain size of the lead zirconate titanate particles in the sintered body exceeds 10 μm, and the voids are taken into the lead zirconate titanate particles by the grain growth and the maximum void diameter is 10 μm. Hereinafter, it is difficult to achieve a void ratio of 1% or less inside the sintered body, and conversely, if the average particle size is less than 0.4 μm, it is difficult to pulverize the BET specific surface area to be 13 m 2 / g or less. In addition, the media wear powder mixes and the composition changes. When the standard deviation of the particle size distribution exceeds 0.2 μm, the particle size variation is large and the particle size is small. The lead zirconate titanate-based particles are easily incorporated into the lead zirconate titanate-based particles having a large particle size and grow easily. The maximum crystal grain size of the lead zirconate titanate-based particles after sintering is 10 μm. This is because it is difficult to achieve the following, and voids are taken in, and the maximum void diameter in the sintered body is 10 μm or less and the void ratio in the sintered body cannot be 1% or less.
[0033]
In addition, when pulverizing lead zirconate titanate-based synthetic powder, a vibration mill or other pulverization technique may be used in addition to the rotary mill. And in order to adjust the particle size of synthetic powder, media diameters, such as a ball | bowl and a bead, may be selected suitably, and what is necessary is just to grind | pulverize for 10 to 60 hours by wet.
[0034]
Next, the obtained lead zirconate titanate-based synthetic powder is mixed with an organic binder and formed into a predetermined shape by a known ceramic forming means such as a press forming method or a tape forming method, and then 200 ° C. to 900 ° C. The organic binder is degreased in the air atmosphere, and then placed in a semi-sealed container made of magnesia ceramic or zirconia ceramic together with the powder for adjusting the lead atmosphere.
[0035]
Here, the reason for using the semi-sealed container is that oxygen is easily substituted into the container in the atmosphere replacement stage in the firing furnace, and sufficient oxygen is contained in the void formed between the lead zirconate titanate particles. It is because it is necessary to supply. Moreover, the mutual diffusion reaction with the lead zirconate titanate-based sintered body can be prevented by forming the semi-sealed container from magnesia-based ceramics or zirconia-based ceramics.
And what is necessary is just to bake at 1000 to 1300 degreeC in the state which made oxygen flow into the baking furnace.
[0036]
However, if the oxygen inflow supplied per volume of 1 liter in the firing furnace is less than 0.1 liter / minute, sufficient oxygen is contained in the void formed between the lead zirconate titanate particles in the sintered body. Since the oxygen concentration in the void and the gradient of the oxygen concentration in the outside air are reduced and the oxygen diffusion is suppressed, the effect of expelling the void is small. On the contrary, per volume of 1 liter in the firing furnace If the oxygen inflow rate supplied to the furnace is more than 2.0 liters / minute, the temperature in the furnace may not be stable or the temperature in the furnace may decrease, resulting in firing unevenness. Therefore, the oxygen inflow during firing is 0.1 to 2.0 liters / minute per liter volume in the firing furnace.
[0037]
Also, if the oxygen concentration in the furnace atmosphere is less than 25% by volume, the oxygen concentration is too low, so that the evaporation and decomposition of PbO is remarkable, and the oxygen concentration in the void is low. Is difficult to occur and cannot be densified because the void cannot be shrunk. Therefore, in order to increase the shrinkage rate of the voids, the oxygen concentration in the furnace atmosphere should be 25% by volume or more, preferably 50% by volume or more, and more preferably 80% by volume or more.
[0038]
As described above, the mean particle size, standard deviation of particle size distribution, and BET specific surface area of the lead zirconate titanate-based synthetic powder are controlled as described above, and oxygen is supplied into the void generated in the firing process. By diffusing, the void can be reduced or eliminated, so the maximum void diameter in the lead zirconate titanate-based sintered body is 10 μm or less, and the void ratio inside the sintered body is 1.0% or less. In addition, the difference in void fraction between the surface portion of the sintered body and the inside of the sintered body can be made 1.0% or less, and the density of the sintered body can be densified to 98% or more of the theoretical density. Further, various piezoelectric characteristics such as a piezoelectric constant that is important as an actuator can be improved, and chipping and chipping do not occur even if grinding is performed to obtain a desired shape. In addition, since the surface roughness of the sintered body surface can be a smooth surface with a center line average roughness (Ra) of 0.3 μm or less because it is in an unpolished state, it is possible to directly form electrodes and electrode lead wires. In addition, it is possible to form a piezoelectric member for an actuator having effects that the manufacturing process can be reduced and the cost can prevent waste of raw materials.
[0039]
【Example】
Hereinafter, an example of the manufacturing method of the piezoelectric member for actuators according to the present invention will be described.
[0040]
Pb 3 O 4 , SrCO 3 , ZrO 2 , TiO 2 , Nb 2 O 5 , ZnO powders are used as starting materials, each powder is weighed in a predetermined amount, wet-mixed in a ball mill for 20 hours, and then dehydrated and dried. Thereafter, it was calcined at 900 ° C. for 3 hours to obtain lead zirconate titanate-based synthetic powder. Then, the obtained synthetic powder, zirconia balls having a diameter of 0.5 to 10 mm, and ion-exchanged water were put into a container at a ratio of 1: 5: 2, and pulverized with a rotary mill for 20 to 60 hours. The particle size, standard deviation of particle size, and BET specific surface area were varied as shown in Table 1.
[0041]
Next, an organic binder is added and kneaded to the obtained synthetic powder, dried and granulated to produce granules, and the obtained granules are molded by uniaxial pressure molding at a pressure of 1.2 t / cm 2. After forming the body, the organic binder is degreased in an air atmosphere at 300 ° C., and then placed in a semi-sealed container made of zirconia ceramics, magnesia ceramics and alumina ceramics together with the powder for adjusting the lead atmosphere, and in the firing furnace Piezoelectric members for actuators comprising the lead zirconate titanate-based sintered bodies of samples A to O shown in Table 2 by adjusting the oxygen inflow amount and oxygen concentration to be supplied as shown in Table 1 and firing at 1100 ° C. Got.
[0042]
In addition, as a conventional example, using a lead zirconate titanate-based synthetic powder having an average particle diameter, a standard deviation of the particle diameter, and a BET specific surface area shown in Sample P of Table 1, a degreased molded body was subjected to an atmospheric atmosphere. The lead zirconate titanate sintered body obtained by firing at 1000 ° C. was placed in a pressure / heating chamber while being put in a semi-sealed container made of magnesia ceramics together with a powder for adjusting the lead atmosphere, and 20 volumes. Piezoelectric actuator for actuator comprising the lead zirconate titanate-based sintered body of sample P shown in Table 2 by filling with argon gas containing% oxygen and sintering at 1100 ° C. under a pressure of 2000 kgf / cm 2. A member was obtained.
[0043]
And about the obtained lead zirconate titanate-based sintered body, the relative density of the sintered body, the maximum crystal particle diameter, the maximum void diameter, the surface roughness on the surface of the sintered body in an unpolished state, the inside of the sintered body The void ratio in the sintered body, the difference in the void ratio between the surface layer of the sintered body and the inside of the sintered body, the four-point bending strength and piezoelectric constant (d 15 ) of the sintered body, and the presence or absence of chipping when grinding is performed It was.
[0044]
In addition, about the measurement of the maximum void diameter of a sintered compact, the void ratio inside a sintered compact, and the difference of the void ratio inside and outside a sintered compact, a mirror surface process (diamond abrasive grain 0-1 micrometer finish) is given to a sintered compact, Using a LUZEX-FS image analyzer manufactured by Nireco, image analysis was performed under the conditions of a microscope magnification of 200 times, 10 measurement points, and a measurement area of 10.0 × 10 3 μm 2 .
[0045]
For the maximum crystal grain size of lead zirconate titanate-based particles, chemical etching is performed with hydrochloric acid, and the range of 300 μm × 300 μm is measured with a metal microscope in a 200 × field of view. The diameter.
[0046]
The surface roughness of the surface of the sintered body in an unpolished state is measured in accordance with JIS B 0601, and in order to confirm the presence or absence of disconnection when an electrode is formed next, a line width of 30 μm is obtained by sputtering. A metal film having a thickness of 0.1 μm was formed, and when this metal film was energized, there was no disconnection, and when it was disconnected, it was evaluated as ×.
[0047]
The 4-point bending strength was determined according to JIS R1601-1995, and the piezoelectric constant (d 15 ) was determined according to EMAS-6005.
[0048]
Furthermore, in order to confirm the presence or absence of chipping and chipping by grinding, dicing is performed at a pitch of 200 μm using a diamond blade with a thickness of 100 μm to form 300 grooves with a width of 100 μm and a depth of 350 μm. The case where no is seen was evaluated as ○, and the case where chipping or chipping occurred was evaluated as ×.
The respective conditions and results are as shown in Tables 1 and 2.
[0049]
[Table 1]
[0050]
[Table 2]
[0051]
As a result, although the sample P which is a conventional example is densified, the maximum void diameter exceeds 10 μm, and the difference in the void ratio between the surface portion of the sintered body and the inside of the sintered body exceeds 1%. In order to use it as a piezoelectric member for an actuator, it was necessary to grind the surface layer portion of the sintered body, and chipping and chipping occurred when further grinding was performed.
[0052]
In addition, in samples G and L using alumina ceramics as the material of the semi-sealed container at the time of firing, a reaction with the lead zirconate titanate-based sintered body was observed, and this sintered body was used as a piezoelectric member for an actuator. It was necessary to remove the surface layer of the sintered body by grinding.
[0053]
On the other hand, as shown in Table 1, sample A has an average particle size of lead zirconate titanate-based synthetic powder larger than 0.7 μm, a standard deviation of particles exceeding 0.2, and a BET specific surface area. Since it was less than 5 m 2 / g, when it was made into a sintered body, the void ratio inside the sintered body exceeded 1%, and the density of the sintered body was less than 98% of the theoretical density, and the densification was insufficient. Therefore, the piezoelectric constant (d 15 ) was as low as less than 600 pm / V, and chipping and chipping occurred when grinding was performed. In addition, since the difference in void ratio between the sintered body surface layer portion and the inside of the sintered body is larger than 1%, it was necessary to grind the sintered body surface layer portion for use as a piezoelectric member for an actuator. In addition, since the surface of the sintered body in a non-polished state is rough, a disconnection occurs when a metal film having a very small width is formed on the surface.
[0054]
Sample D has a low oxygen concentration at the time of firing. Therefore, when the sintered body is formed, the void ratio inside the sintered body exceeds 1%, and the density of the sintered body is less than 98% of the theoretical density. It was insufficient. Therefore, the piezoelectric constant (d 15 ) was as low as less than 600 pm / V, and chipping and chipping occurred when grinding was performed. In addition, since the difference in void ratio between the sintered body surface layer portion and the inside of the sintered body is larger than 1%, it was necessary to grind the sintered body surface layer portion for use as a piezoelectric member for an actuator.
[0055]
On the other hand, samples B, C, E, F, H to K, and M to O all have a mean particle size of lead zirconate titanate-based synthetic powder of 0.4 to 0.7 μm and a standard deviation of particles. Is 0.2 or less, the BET specific surface area is in the range of 5 to 13 m 2 / g, and the oxygen concentration in the firing furnace is 25 vol% or more using a semi-sealed container of magnesia ceramics or zirconia ceramics during firing. When the sintered body is formed, the void ratio inside the sintered body can be sufficiently densified to be 10% or less, the density of the sintered body can be 98% or more of the theoretical density, and a high piezoelectric constant of 600 pm / V or more. (D 15 ) can be obtained, and since the maximum void diameter in the sintered body can be 10 μm or less, chipping and chipping did not occur even when grinding was performed. In addition, since the maximum crystal particle diameter is 10 μm or less and the surface of the sintered body in the unpolished state can be 0.3 μm or less in the center line average roughness (Ra), a metal is directly applied to the surface of the sintered body in the unpolished state. Even if the film was coated, no disconnection was observed.
[0056]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, a molded body obtained by molding lead zirconate titanate-based synthetic powder having a specific particle size, particle size distribution and the like into a predetermined shape is semi-sealed made of magnesia ceramics or zirconia ceramics. By placing in a container and firing while maintaining the oxygen concentration in the furnace atmosphere at 25% by volume or more, the density of the sintered body is 98% or more of the theoretical density, the maximum crystal particle diameter is 10 μm or less, and the maximum void diameter is 10 μm. The surface roughness on the surface of the sintered body in an unpolished state is 0.3 μm or less in terms of centerline average roughness (Ra), and the depth from the surface of the sintered body to 100 μm is sintered. When the body surface layer part and the other parts are inside the sintered body, the void ratio in the sintered body is 1.0% or less, and the difference in the void ratio between the sintered body surface layer part and the sintered body is 1.0%. % Titanium or less Since the piezoelectric member for actuators made of lead zirconate-based sintered bodies is manufactured, it is possible to improve various piezoelectric constants such as piezoelectric constants that are important as actuators, and piezoelectric elements such as ultrasonic motors and inkjet printer heads. When used as an actuator, its performance can be improved, and since it has a homogeneous structure, it is not necessary to remove the surface layer of the sintered body, and waste of raw materials can be eliminated. In addition, chipping and chipping hardly occur even if grinding is performed to obtain a desired shape, and the surface of the sintered body in an unpolished state is smooth. Therefore, an electrode or an electrode lead wire is directly attached to the surface of the sintered body. Can be formed.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP24264199A JP4582835B2 (en) | 1999-08-30 | 1999-08-30 | Method for manufacturing piezoelectric member for actuator |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP24264199A JP4582835B2 (en) | 1999-08-30 | 1999-08-30 | Method for manufacturing piezoelectric member for actuator |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010157978A Division JP5132728B2 (en) | 2010-07-12 | 2010-07-12 | Piezoelectric member for actuator |
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| JP4582835B2 true JP4582835B2 (en) | 2010-11-17 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2004002069A (en) * | 2002-05-30 | 2004-01-08 | Tdk Corp | Processes for manufacturing piezoelectric ceramic and piezoelectric element |
| JP4889197B2 (en) * | 2002-10-17 | 2012-03-07 | 京セラ株式会社 | Actuator, manufacturing method thereof, and print head |
| JP2006245123A (en) * | 2005-03-01 | 2006-09-14 | Ibiden Co Ltd | Piezoelectric element |
| JP2006245124A (en) * | 2005-03-01 | 2006-09-14 | Ibiden Co Ltd | Multilayer piezoelectric element |
| JP4901165B2 (en) * | 2005-09-20 | 2012-03-21 | 京セラ株式会社 | Multilayer piezoelectric body |
| US8785008B2 (en) | 2006-07-25 | 2014-07-22 | Tosoh Corporation | Zirconia sintered bodies with high total light transmission and high strength, uses of the same, and process for producing the same |
| JP5277541B2 (en) * | 2006-07-25 | 2013-08-28 | 東ソー株式会社 | High-strength zirconia sintered body and manufacturing method |
| JP5178065B2 (en) * | 2007-06-27 | 2013-04-10 | 京セラ株式会社 | Piezoelectric ceramics, piezoelectric actuator and liquid discharge head |
| CN114105636A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-03-01 | 景德镇市鑫惠康电子有限责任公司 | Method for preparing 4M energy-gathering transducer by utilizing indium selenide modified niobium-zinc lead zirconate titanate system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPS53103199A (en) * | 1977-02-18 | 1978-09-08 | Murata Manufacturing Co | Method of manufacturing piezooelectric ceramics |
| JPS54106896A (en) * | 1978-02-10 | 1979-08-22 | Hitachi Ltd | Manufacture of lead titanate piezo-electric ceramics |
| WO1990006292A1 (en) * | 1988-12-08 | 1990-06-14 | Mm Piezo Products, Inc. | Process for producing highly crystalline and homogeneous sub-micron doped and undoped piezoelectric ceramic powders with controlled stoichiometry and particle size |
| JP2660301B2 (en) * | 1989-03-15 | 1997-10-08 | 堺化学工業株式会社 | Manufacturing method of sintered body |
| JPH06238888A (en) * | 1993-02-22 | 1994-08-30 | Brother Ind Ltd | Ink jet device |
| DE4442598A1 (en) * | 1994-11-30 | 1996-06-05 | Philips Patentverwaltung | Complex, substituted lanthanum-lead-zirconium-titanium perovskite, ceramic composition and actuator |
| JPH10264385A (en) * | 1997-03-27 | 1998-10-06 | Seiko Epson Corp | Piezoelectric element, ink jet recording head, and method for producing them |
| JPH10279354A (en) * | 1997-03-31 | 1998-10-20 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Piezoelectric ceramic mateal and piezoelectric transformer |
| JPH10330158A (en) * | 1997-05-28 | 1998-12-15 | Taiyo Yuden Co Ltd | Dielectric raw material powder, particle diameter control of the raw material powder, and dielectric ceramic capacitor obtained by using the raw material powder |
| JPH10330164A (en) * | 1997-05-30 | 1998-12-15 | Kyocera Corp | Piezoelectric body |
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