JP4582859B2 - Bread improver and bread production method - Google Patents
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- JP4582859B2 JP4582859B2 JP2000125071A JP2000125071A JP4582859B2 JP 4582859 B2 JP4582859 B2 JP 4582859B2 JP 2000125071 A JP2000125071 A JP 2000125071A JP 2000125071 A JP2000125071 A JP 2000125071A JP 4582859 B2 JP4582859 B2 JP 4582859B2
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、食感がソフトであり、このソフトな食感がより長く保持されるパン類の製造法及びこれに用いるパン改良剤に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来のパン類は、元来穀物の加工形態として創出され、通常原料として小麦粉、イースト、食塩、水に、砂糖、乳製品、油脂、その他の副原料を配合し、または食品添加物を加え混合した生地を発酵・膨化させ焼成して作られる。
【0003】
ところで、パンの嗜好傾向として、最近の消費者は、益々ソフトタイプのものを好む傾向にあり、このためソフトタイプのパン類の検討が従来に増して数多く行われている。ソフトなパン類を得る方法としては、パン生地の発酵時間を増長させる方法、パン生地の添加水量を増加させる方法及びモノグリセライドを主体とした乳化剤を添加する方法が知られている。
しかしながら発酵時間を増長させる方法については、今日の大量生産方式下ではパン生地の発酵時間が定められている場合が多く、従って該発酵時間の変更は生産工程上困難である。添加水を増量する方法は、パン類生地中の水分が増加するため生産工程中にパン類生地が製造機器に付着し、作業効率の低下を起こすのみならず、しばしば製品に悪影響を及ぼす。又、モノグリセライドを主体とする乳化剤の添加はソフトなパン類を得るには簡便であるところから広く採用されている。
【0004】
例えば特開平2−124052号公報には、飽和モノグリセリド2〜60重量%、不飽和モノグリセリド2〜30重量%を含有する乳化油脂組成物からなることを特徴とするデンプン食品の品質改良剤が提案されている。又、特開平7−289143号公報には、小麦粉食品用乳化油脂組成物及びこれを用いて製造したパン類又はケーキ類が提案されている。
【0005】
最近の消費者の健康志向により従来より使用されているこの種の添加物に替わって天然素材を使用したパン類の製造方法が種々検討されている。例えば特開平3−155742号公報には、アミラーゼ酵素が、パン類の固化を抑制すると提案されている。又、特開平6−169681号公報には、パン類の品質の改良用の酵素製品及びパン類の品質の改良方法が提案されている。これらの物は、主に酵素製品で天然の添加物と言える。
また、乳酸発酵物を利用したパン改良材も検討されており、例えば、特開昭61ー152227号公報や特開平11ー9175号公報には、無脂乳固形分を含んだ乳酸発酵物が提案されている。
しかしながら、従来の乳製品がか作られるこれらのパン改良材やヨーグルトに代表される乳製品の乳酸菌発酵物は、口どけや歯切れの良さは出るもののパン生地の軟化を生じるため、非常に作業性が悪くなる欠点がある。
また、おからに代表される食物繊維をパン類に利用することが検討されているが、食物繊維は往々にしてパン類の食感を悪くしたり菌が増殖しやすいため保存性に問題があった。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、食感がソフトであり、このソフトな食感がより長く保持されるパン類を目的とし、さらにこのパンの製造に有効なパン改良剤を目的とした。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
この発明者等は前記課題を解決すべく鋭意研究するなかで豆乳を乳酸発酵したものをパン生地に添加すると目的達成の予想外の効果があることを見いだした。更に研究を続けるなかで、水溶性多糖類を併用すれば、パンのソフトな食感がより長く保持されることを見いだし本発明を完成するに到った。
即ち、本発明は、水溶性多糖類及び乳酸発酵された大豆蛋白含有液を成分とするパン改良剤である。
又、本発明は、水溶性多糖類及び乳酸発酵された大豆蛋白含有液をパン生地に用いることを特徴とするパン類の製造方法である。
大豆蛋白含有液は豆乳が好ましい。
乳酸発酵した大豆蛋白含有液は殺菌処理されていることが好ましい。
乳酸発酵された大豆蛋白含有液に対する水溶性多糖類の割合は全体100重量部に対して0.2〜10重量部が好ましい。
乳酸発酵された大豆蛋白含有液に占める大豆固形分は2%〜15%が好ましい。
水溶性多糖類及び乳酸発酵された大豆蛋白含有液の合計量がパン生地中の小麦粉100重量部に対して、3〜35重量部が好ましい。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
先ず、本発明のパン改良剤について説明する。
本発明のパン改良剤は、水溶性多糖類を含み乳酸発酵された大豆蛋白含有液を成分とする。
水溶性多糖類は大豆蛋白含有液を乳酸発酵する前でも乳酸発酵した後に添加したものでも良い。パン改良剤の製造の観点からは乳酸発酵前に大豆蛋白含有液に添加しておいたほうが好都合である。
本発明の大豆蛋白含有液は、分離大豆蛋白溶液、豆乳など大豆蛋白を含む溶液が適当である。例えば、分離大豆蛋白、油脂及び水を均質化して水中油型エマルジョンとして利用することも出来る。
豆乳は発酵に必要な栄養源にとみ乳酸発酵に好都合であり好ましい。
豆乳は、全脂豆乳や脱脂豆乳又はそれらの混合物など特に限定するものではないが、風味などの観点から全脂豆乳が好ましい。
全脂豆乳は、一般に大豆を水、温水、熱湯等に浸漬して水分約50%に膨潤させ、磨砕し、加熱し、おからを分離したものであるが、好ましくは、膨潤大豆を回転刃型剪断力を作用させて平均粒子径20〜100ミクロンに微細化した後、遠心分離やロ過などの通常の方法で分離した豆乳を用いることがより好適である。後述するようにオカラと豆乳を分離しない濃縮蛋白として利用する場合でも粒度合が小さいので食感的にも問題がない。
脱脂豆乳は脱脂大豆を原料として同様に製造したものである。この脱脂豆乳と油脂を均質化して水中油型エマルジョンとすることも出来る。油脂は動植物由来の油脂、それらの加工油脂など公知の油脂を使用することが出来る。
また、豆乳、分離大豆蛋白質、濃縮大豆蛋白質(前述のようにオカラ成分を微細化したものが好適である)、バライティー化として大豆粉、きなこなどを併用することも出来る。
【0009】
このパン改良剤のパン生地への添加量によって効果は多少変化するが、本発明のパン改良剤成分の乳酸発酵した大豆蛋白含有液、例えば豆乳中の大豆固形分の割合は、2〜15重量%、より好ましくは4〜10重量%が適当である。
この理由は、パンのソフトさの持続性については、大豆固形分に含まれる大豆蛋白の保水性の強さによってパン中の自由水が固定されて移動しにくくなるため、澱粉の老化が抑制されるものと考えられる。大豆固形分が2重量%未満である場合、老化防止に有効な大豆蛋白が不足するためか効果が少なくなり、又大豆固形分が15%を超えると、大豆蛋白が多すぎて小麦粉のグルテンネットワークの形成を妨害するためか、パンの体積が減少し、硬いパンとなってしまう。
大豆固形分中には油脂も含まれるが、他の油脂を加えることも必要は特にはない。通常、使用される乳酸発酵豆乳の油分は5%未満であるが、特に油分を限定するものではない。
【0010】
本発明のパン改良剤成分の乳酸発酵された大豆蛋白含有液中の水溶性多糖類は、0.2〜10重量%、好ましくは、0.4〜2重量%が適当である。
この水溶性多糖類としては、蛋白凝集を起こさないものが適当である。特に、水溶性の植物繊維が好適である。たとえばLMペクチン、HMペクチン、ポテトペクチン様多糖類、水溶性大豆ヘミセルロース類、カルボキシメチルセルロース、アルギン酸などをあげることが出来る。
例えば、水溶性大豆ヘミセルロース類を乳酸発酵する前に豆乳と混合してから乳酸発酵すると作業性が簡略化されるというメリットがある。
水溶性多糖類は蛋白の凝集を防ぎ保水性の安定化を補助する効果があるため、添加量が少なすぎると蛋白が不安定になり保水力が低下するため、老化防止機能が少なくなるし、多くなると小麦粉のグルテンネットワークの形成を妨害するため、パンの体積が減少し、硬いパンとなってしまう。
【0011】
本発明のパン改良剤は殺菌されていることが好ましい。殺菌手段は特に限定しないが、加熱殺菌が生産上好適である。
乳酸菌が生きていると、パン生地の発酵時に乳酸発酵が進み過ぎて、酸度が上昇し易くなり、酸度が上昇して、乳酸が多くでき過ぎるとパン生地混入時のPHが低下しすぎることになりグルテンが軟化し過ぎて、パンの作業性が極端に悪くなるからである。
従って、パン改良剤は殺菌されていると乳酸菌がパン生地の発酵時に増殖することがなく、パン生地への作用が安定するものである。
乳酸発酵した大豆蛋白含有液、例えば乳酸発酵した豆乳は加熱殺菌処理をすることが品質の安定する。
加熱殺菌とは、概ね70℃以上の低温殺菌や、100°C以上の高温殺菌法があり、装置としてはプレート熱交換機を利用した間接殺菌や直接蒸気を吹き込む直接殺菌装置又は容器包装詰め加圧加熱殺菌装置などが上げられる
【0012】
本発明のパン改良剤成分の乳酸発酵に使用する乳酸菌は、通常の発酵乳(牛乳など)に使用する一般的な乳酸菌なら特に問題なく使用出来る。
乳酸菌は単独菌または2種以上の混合菌として使用され菌に応じた発酵温度と時間が選択される。例えば、温度は概ね15〜50℃、発酵時間は1時間〜3日程度であるが特にこの数値は、発酵が可能な範囲で変化するのでこれに限定するものではない。
また、乳酸発酵の程度についてはpHで概ね5.5以下になることが望ましい。
菌種については、例えばラクトバチルス ブルガクス、ラクトバチルス アシドフィルス、ラクトバチルス カゼイ、ラクトバチルス ヘルベチカス、ラクトバチルス ラクチス、ラクトバチルス サンフランシスコ、ラクトバチルス プランタラム、ストレプトコッカス サーモフィルス等の各種ビヒズス菌、ストレプトコッカス ラクチス、ストレプトコッカス クレモリス、ストレプトコッカス ジアセチルラクチス、ロイコノストック クレモリスなどがあげられるが、これらに限定するものではない。
【0013】
本発明のパンは前記のパン改良剤を含むことが特徴である。
パン改良剤のpHは、乳酸菌の種類、乳酸発酵の程度により異なるが、通常pH3.7〜5.5、好ましくはpH4.0から5.0が適当である。
【0014】
このパン類の製造法について説明する。
水溶性多糖類及び乳酸発酵された大豆蛋白含有液をパン生地に用いることが重要である。
パン生地に用いる小麦粉は強力粉、中力粉の種別を限定するものではない。
水溶性多糖類及び乳酸発酵された大豆蛋白含有液の合計量の濃度(固形分)にもよるが、通常水溶性多糖類及び乳酸発酵された大豆蛋白含有液の合計量が小麦粉100重量部に対して、3〜35重量部、好ましくは5〜25重量部が適当である。
水溶性多糖類及び乳酸発酵された大豆蛋白含有液の合計量が小麦粉100重量に対して3%未満では、ソフトで老化が遅くなる機能が発揮されにくくなり、35%を超えると、改良剤に含まれる大豆蛋白によってパン生地のグルテンネットワークの形成が妨害されてパンのボリュームがでなくなりパンが軟化してしまうからである。
パン類の製造は、乳酸発酵した大豆蛋白含有液、例えば豆乳をパン類生地に配合し、発酵膨化させ又はさせずに、焼成もしくは蒸し、フライ等の加熱をして製造することが出来る。
パン類生地は、パン改良剤と小麦粉にイースト、食塩、水等の主原料を加えて通常の方法により得ることが出来るが、主原料としての小麦粉の他に、食塩、水、イースト、その他、必要に応じて油脂類(ショートニング、ラード、マーガリン、バター、液状油等)、乳製品、糖類、調味料(グルタミン酸類、核酸等)、化学膨張剤、フレーバー等の副原料を添加・混捏して得ることが出来る。この生地を、発酵工程を経て焼成等してパン類を得ることが出来る。
このようにして得られるパン類は、食パン、特殊パン(グリッシーニ、マフィン、ラスク等)、調理パン、菓子パン、蒸しパン(肉まん、あんまん等)、ホットケーキなどを含むものである。
【0015】
このようにして得られたパン類は、食感がソフトであり、ソフト感がより長く保持されるものである。しかも、従来から食感のソフト化のために用いられることがある乳化剤、酵素剤などの食品添加物を使用しなくても、本発明の方法ではソフト化の効果が発現される効果がある。
【実施例】
以下に、実施例および比較例を掲げこの発明の効果をより一層明確にするがこれらは例示であってこの発明の技術思想がこれらの例示によって、限定されるものではない。
なお、以下に例示の部、%は何れも重量基準を意味する。
【0016】
実施例1及び比較例1、2
市販豆乳(固形分9%)を142℃、5秒加熱殺菌後、40℃まで冷却し、ラクトバチルス ブルガリクス、ストレプトコッカス サーモフィルス、ビフィドバクテリウム ロンガムの各種市販乳酸菌(凍結乾燥乳酸菌)の個別培養液をスターターとして各1%ずつ添加し、40℃、7時間、タンク内でpH4.4まで醗酵を行った。
ついで、プレート冷却器で7℃まで冷却して、醗酵豆乳を調製した。
また、水溶性ヘミセルロース(不二製油(株)製)8部、砂糖10部、熱水82部を80℃10分間撹拌して溶解した後、25℃まで冷却して安定剤液を調製した。
そして、上記の発酵豆乳80部、安定剤液20部を混合後、100kgの圧力で均質化したものを乳酸発酵豆乳(大豆固形分7.2%、水溶性多糖類1.6%)とした。
次に、表1の配合で約5kg規模及び表1の作業工程により、ストレート法にてパンを調製し、比較例1〜2及び実施例1を行った。
なお、比較例2の発酵乳は市販品(明治ブルガリアヨーグルト)を使用した。
小麦粉としては強力粉「イーグル」(日本製粉株式会社製)を、イーストとしては生イースト「オリエンタルイースト」(オリエンタル酵母工業株式会社製)を、油脂としてはシヨートニング「パンパスピュアレ」(不二製油株式会社製)を用いた。
【0017】
焼成したパンは、室温(10〜20°C)で一晩静置後、なたね置換法により容積を測定した。官能評価は、パネラー10名により外観30点、内相70点法で評価した平均点で判定した。
【0018】
かくして得たパン類は、比較例1に対してパン風味が良好で食感もソフトであり、パンの体積および老化防止効果、抗菌効果にも優れたものであった。
また、従来、パン類に効果があると言われていた比較例2に対しても風味や老化防止効果に優れており、特に発酵乳関係の最大の欠点であったパン生地の軟化および生地のべたつきがないことから良好な製パン性を示した。
【0019】
実施例2〜5
市販豆乳(固形分9%)を142℃、5秒加熱殺菌後、40℃まで冷却し、ラクトバチルス ブルガリクス、ストレプトコッカス サーモフィルス、ビフィドバクテリウム ロンガムの各種市販乳酸菌(凍結乾燥乳酸菌)の個別培養液をスターターとして各1%ずつ添加し、40℃、7時間タンク内でpH4.4まで醗酵を行った。
ついで、プレート冷却器で7℃まで冷却して、醗酵豆乳を調製した。
また、水溶性ヘミセルロース(不二製油(株)製)2部、砂糖10部、熱水88部を80℃10分間撹拌して溶解した後、25℃まで冷却して安定剤液を調製した。
そして、上記の発酵豆乳60部、安定剤液40部を混合後、100kgの圧力で均質化したものを乳酸発酵豆乳(大豆固形分 5.4% 水溶性多糖類 0.8%)とした。
次に、表3の配合で約5kg規模及び表1の作業工程により、パン類を作製した。
小麦粉、イースト、シヨートニングは、実施例と同じ市販品を用いた。
【0020】
焼成したパンは、室温(10〜20°C)で一晩静置後、なたね置換法により容積を測定した。官能評価は、パネラー10名により外観30点、内相70点法で評価した平均点で判定した。
【0021】
かくして得たパン類は、乳酸発酵豆乳の添加量でパンの品質が異なり添加量3%では老化防止や抗菌性、風味に対する効果が乏しく、40%添加では、生地の軟化やべたつきの発生のため作業性が悪く、パンの体積が低下し、風味も酸味が強く不良となった。
実施例7〜11
脱皮脱胚軸大豆1重量部(以下、部)に水10部を加え、30〜50℃で60分間以上浸漬して十分に吸水した脱皮脱胚軸大豆(水分含量40〜55%)1部に対し、熱水(90℃)3部を加えたものをグラインダー(増幸産業製)で処理し、これに重曹溶液を添加してpHを7.4以上8.0以下に調整した。
これをホモゲナイザー(APV社製)に供給し、170kg/平方cmで均質処理した。均質化した磨砕液は遠心分離機によって3000Gで5分間分離して豆乳とおからを得た。
この原料豆乳は固形分9.0%で蛋白質4.5%でpHは7.5であった。
この原料豆乳100部に水溶性ヘミセルロースを0.1〜12%添加しそのまま80℃で5分保持後、70℃に冷却しホモゲナイザーで100kg/平方cmで均質化処理したものに、ラクトバチルス ブルガリクス、ストレプトコッカスサーモフィルスの各種市販乳酸菌(凍結乾燥乳酸菌)の個別培養液をスターターとして各1%ずつ添加し、40℃、5時間タンク内でpH4、4まで醗酵を行った後、120kg/平方cmで均質処理後、85℃で30分の殺菌を行ったものを乳酸発酵豆乳(大豆固形分 8〜9%)とした。
次に、表5の配合で約5kg規模及び表1の作業工程により、ストレート法にて実施例7〜10としては乳酸発酵豆乳をパンに使用する水と置換してパン類を作製した。
実施例および比較例に使用した小麦粉としては市販の強力粉「イーグル」(日本製粉株式会社製)を、イーストとしては生イースト「オリエンタルイースト」(オリエンタル酵母工業株式会社製)を、油脂としてはシヨートニング「パンパスピュアレ」(不二製油株式会社製)を、砂糖、食塩は市販品を用いた。
【0022】
焼成したパンは、室温(10〜20°C)で一晩静置後、なたね置換法により容積を測定した。官能評価は、パネラー10名により外観30点、内相70点法で評価した平均点で判定した。
【0023】
−−−
水溶性多糖類の添加量が乳酸醗酵豆乳中0.1%では、乳酸発酵豆乳の蛋白の安定性が悪く老化防止効果が低下した。また添加量が10%をこえたものでは乳酸発酵豆乳の粘度も上昇し、パンの体積のダウンとソフトさがなくなり硬いパンとなった。
【0024】
【発明の効果】
以上詳述した様に、この発明により、風味や保存性が良好かつ食感がソフトであり、ソフト食感がより長く保持されるパン類が出来る様になったものである。
又、乳やカゼインの乳酸発酵物と異なり、パン生地のこね上げ時の生地のべたつきが極めて少ないものである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for producing breads having a soft texture and maintaining the soft texture for a longer time, and a bread improving agent used therefor.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventional breads were originally created as a form of processing for cereal grains, and usually mixed with flour, yeast, salt, water, sugar, dairy products, oils and fats, and other auxiliary ingredients, or mixed with food additives. It is made by fermenting, expanding, and baking the dough.
[0003]
By the way, as a trend of preference for bread, recent consumers are increasingly fond of soft-type ones. For this reason, more and more studies on soft-type breads have been conducted. Known methods for obtaining soft breads include a method of increasing the fermentation time of bread dough, a method of increasing the amount of water added to bread dough, and a method of adding an emulsifier mainly composed of monoglyceride.
However, with regard to the method for increasing the fermentation time, the fermentation time of bread dough is often determined under today's mass production system, and therefore it is difficult to change the fermentation time in the production process. In the method of increasing the amount of added water, since the moisture in the bread dough increases, the bread dough adheres to the manufacturing equipment during the production process, causing not only a reduction in work efficiency, but also often adversely affecting the product. Addition of an emulsifier mainly composed of monoglyceride is widely adopted because it is easy to obtain soft breads.
[0004]
For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-124052 proposes a quality improver for starch foods comprising an emulsified oil / fat composition containing 2 to 60% by weight of saturated monoglyceride and 2 to 30% by weight of unsaturated monoglyceride. ing. JP-A-7-289143 proposes an emulsified oil / fat composition for flour foods and breads or cakes produced using the same.
[0005]
Various methods for producing breads using natural materials in place of this type of additive that has been used in the past due to the recent health-consciousness of consumers have been studied. For example, JP-A-3-155742 proposes that an amylase enzyme suppresses solidification of breads. JP-A-6-169681 proposes an enzyme product for improving the quality of breads and a method for improving the quality of breads. These products are mainly enzyme products and natural additives.
In addition, bread improving materials using lactic acid fermented products have been studied. For example, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 61-152227 and 11-9175, lactic acid fermented products containing non-fat milk solids are disclosed. Proposed.
However, these bread improvers from which conventional dairy products are made and lactic acid bacteria fermented products of dairy products typified by yogurt produce softness of the bread dough, although it has a good mouthfeel and crispness, so it is very workable. There are drawbacks that make it worse.
In addition, the use of dietary fiber typified by okara for bread has been studied. However, dietary fiber often deteriorates the texture of breads and easily proliferates bacteria, causing problems with storage stability. there were.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The object of the present invention is to produce breads that have a soft texture and retain the soft texture for a longer period of time. Further, the present invention is directed to a bread improver that is effective in the production of this bread.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The inventors of the present invention have found that when lactic acid fermented soymilk is added to bread dough, the result of an unexpected effect of achieving the object is obtained in earnest research to solve the above problems. As the research continued, it was found that the soft texture of bread was maintained for a longer time when the water-soluble polysaccharide was used in combination, and the present invention was completed.
That is, the present invention is a bread improving agent comprising a water-soluble polysaccharide and a lactic acid-fermented soybean protein-containing liquid as components.
The present invention is also a method for producing bread, characterized in that a water-soluble polysaccharide and a lactic acid-fermented soybean protein-containing liquid are used for bread dough.
The soy protein-containing liquid is preferably soy milk.
The lactic acid-fermented soy protein-containing liquid is preferably sterilized.
The ratio of the water-soluble polysaccharide to the lactic acid-fermented soybean protein-containing liquid is preferably 0.2 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight as a whole.
The soybean solid content in the lactic acid-fermented soybean protein-containing liquid is preferably 2% to 15%.
The total amount of the water-soluble polysaccharide and the lactic acid-fermented soybean protein-containing liquid is preferably 3 to 35 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of flour in the bread dough.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
First, the bread improving agent of the present invention will be described.
The bread improving agent of the present invention comprises a soy protein-containing liquid containing a water-soluble polysaccharide and subjected to lactic acid fermentation.
The water-soluble polysaccharide may be added before the lactic acid fermentation of the soybean protein-containing solution or after the lactic acid fermentation. From the viewpoint of production of bread improvers, it is more convenient to add them to the soy protein-containing solution before lactic acid fermentation.
The soy protein-containing solution of the present invention is suitably a solution containing soy protein such as a soy protein solution and soy milk. For example, the separated soybean protein, oil and water, and water can be homogenized and used as an oil-in-water emulsion.
Soy milk is preferred as a nutrient source necessary for fermentation, which is convenient for lactic acid fermentation.
The soy milk is not particularly limited, such as full-fat soy milk, defatted soy milk, or a mixture thereof, but full-fat soy milk is preferable from the viewpoint of flavor and the like.
Full-fat soymilk is generally obtained by immersing soybeans in water, warm water, hot water, etc. to swell the water to about 50%, grinding, heating and separating the okara, but preferably rotating the swollen soybeans It is more preferable to use soy milk that has been refined to an average particle diameter of 20 to 100 microns by applying an edge shear force and then separated by a normal method such as centrifugation or filtration. As will be described later, even when used as a concentrated protein that does not separate Okara and soy milk, there is no problem in terms of texture because the particle size is small.
The defatted soymilk is produced similarly from defatted soybeans. The defatted soymilk and oil can be homogenized to form an oil-in-water emulsion. As the fats and oils, known fats and oils such as fats and oils derived from animals and plants and processed oils and fats thereof can be used.
Further, soy milk, separated soy protein, concentrated soy protein (preferably a refined okara component as described above), soy flour, kinako, etc. can be used in combination as a variate.
[0009]
The effect changes somewhat depending on the amount of bread improver added to the dough, but the ratio of soybean solids in the lactic acid-fermented soy protein-containing liquid of the bread improver component of the present invention, for example, soy milk is 2 to 15% by weight. More preferably, 4 to 10% by weight is suitable.
This is because, with regard to the sustainability of the softness of bread, aging of starch is suppressed because free water in the bread is fixed and difficult to move due to the water retention strength of soy protein contained in the soybean solids. It is thought that. If the soy solid content is less than 2% by weight, the effect is reduced because there is a shortage of soy protein effective in preventing aging. If the soy solid content exceeds 15%, the soy protein is too much and the gluten network of flour The bread volume is reduced to make the bread harder, probably because it hinders the formation of food.
Oils and fats are included in the soybean solids, but it is not particularly necessary to add other oils and fats. Usually, the oil content of the lactic acid fermented soy milk used is less than 5%, but the oil content is not particularly limited.
[0010]
The water-soluble polysaccharide in the lactic acid-fermented soybean protein-containing liquid of the bread improver component of the present invention is suitably 0.2 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.4 to 2% by weight.
As this water-soluble polysaccharide, those which do not cause protein aggregation are suitable. In particular, water-soluble plant fibers are suitable. For example, LM pectin, HM pectin, potato pectin-like polysaccharide, water-soluble soybean hemicellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, alginic acid and the like can be mentioned.
For example, when water-soluble soybean hemicelluloses are mixed with soy milk before lactic acid fermentation and then lactic acid fermentation, there is an advantage that workability is simplified.
Since water-soluble polysaccharides have the effect of preventing protein aggregation and helping to stabilize water retention, if the amount added is too small, the protein will become unstable and the water retention will be reduced, reducing the anti-aging function, When the amount increases, the formation of the gluten network of the flour is hindered, so the volume of the bread decreases and the bread becomes hard.
[0011]
The bread improving agent of the present invention is preferably sterilized. The sterilization means is not particularly limited, but heat sterilization is suitable for production.
If lactic acid bacteria are alive, lactic acid fermentation proceeds too much during the fermentation of bread dough, the acidity tends to increase, and if the acidity rises and too much lactic acid is produced, the PH when mixing the dough will be too low and gluten This is because the bread becomes too soft and the workability of the bread becomes extremely poor.
Therefore, when the bread improving agent is sterilized, the lactic acid bacteria do not grow during the fermentation of the bread dough, and the action on the bread dough is stabilized.
A lactic acid-fermented soybean protein-containing liquid, for example, lactic acid-fermented soy milk, is heat-sterilized to stabilize the quality.
Heat sterilization generally includes pasteurization at 70 ° C or higher and high-temperature sterilization at 100 ° C or higher. Indirect sterilization using a plate heat exchanger or direct sterilization apparatus that directly blows steam or container packaging pressurization Heat sterilizer etc. can be raised. [0012]
The lactic acid bacteria used for the lactic acid fermentation of the bread improver component of the present invention can be used without any particular problems as long as they are general lactic acid bacteria used for ordinary fermented milk (such as milk).
A lactic acid bacterium is used as a single bacterium or a mixed bacterium of two or more types, and a fermentation temperature and time are selected according to the bacterium. For example, the temperature is about 15 to 50 ° C. and the fermentation time is about 1 hour to 3 days. However, this value is not limited to this because it changes within a range where fermentation is possible.
The degree of lactic acid fermentation is preferably about 5.5 or less at pH.
Examples of the bacterial species include Lactobacillus bulgax, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus helveticas, Lactobacillus lactis, Lactobacillus San Francisco, Lactobacillus plantarum, Streptococcus thermophilus, and various Streptococcus thermolyticus, Streptococcus , Streptococcus diacetyl lactis, and Leuconostoc cremolith, but are not limited thereto.
[0013]
The bread of the present invention is characterized by containing the bread improving agent.
The pH of the bread improving agent varies depending on the type of lactic acid bacteria and the degree of lactic acid fermentation, but is usually pH 3.7 to 5.5, preferably pH 4.0 to 5.0.
[0014]
The manufacturing method of this bread will be described.
It is important to use a water-soluble polysaccharide and a lactic acid-fermented soy protein-containing solution for bread dough.
The flour used for bread dough does not limit the type of strong flour or medium flour.
The total amount of water-soluble polysaccharide and lactic acid-fermented soybean protein-containing liquid is usually 100 parts by weight of wheat flour, although it depends on the concentration (solid content) of the water-soluble polysaccharide and lactic-fermented soybean protein-containing liquid. On the other hand, 3 to 35 parts by weight, preferably 5 to 25 parts by weight is appropriate.
When the total amount of the water-soluble polysaccharide and the lactic acid-fermented soybean protein-containing liquid is less than 3% with respect to 100% by weight of the flour, it becomes difficult to exhibit a function that is soft and slows aging. This is because the soy protein contained hinders the formation of the gluten network of the bread dough, so that the bread volume is lost and the bread is softened.
Bread can be produced by blending a lactic acid-fermented soybean protein-containing liquid, for example, soy milk, into bread dough and heating or baking, steaming, frying, or the like, without or without fermenting.
Bread dough can be obtained by adding the main ingredients such as yeast, salt and water to the bread improver and wheat flour in the usual way, but in addition to the flour as the main ingredient, salt, water, yeast, etc. Add and mix auxiliary materials such as fats and oils (shortening, lard, margarine, butter, liquid oil, etc.), dairy products, sugars, seasonings (glutamic acids, nucleic acids, etc.), chemical expansion agents, flavors, etc. as necessary. Can be obtained. This dough can be baked through a fermentation process to obtain breads.
The breads thus obtained include breads, special breads (grissini, muffin, rusks, etc.), cooking breads, sweet breads, steamed breads (meat buns, buns, etc.), hot cakes, and the like.
[0015]
The breads thus obtained have a soft texture and a longer soft feeling. Moreover, even if food additives such as emulsifiers and enzyme agents, which have been conventionally used for softening the texture, are not used, the method of the present invention has an effect that the softening effect is manifested.
【Example】
Hereinafter, the effects of the present invention will be further clarified by examples and comparative examples. However, these are merely examples, and the technical idea of the present invention is not limited by these examples.
In the following examples, “%” means “weight basis”.
[0016]
Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2
Commercial soymilk (solid content 9%) is sterilized by heating at 142 ° C for 5 seconds and then cooled to 40 ° C. 1% of each liquid was added as a starter and fermented to pH 4.4 in a tank at 40 ° C. for 7 hours.
Subsequently, it cooled to 7 degreeC with the plate cooler, and fermented soymilk was prepared.
Further, 8 parts of water-soluble hemicellulose (produced by Fuji Oil Co., Ltd.), 10 parts of sugar and 82 parts of hot water were dissolved by stirring at 80 ° C. for 10 minutes, and then cooled to 25 ° C. to prepare a stabilizer solution.
And after mixing 80 parts of the fermented soy milk and 20 parts of the stabilizer solution, the product homogenized at a pressure of 100 kg was lactic acid fermented soy milk (soybean solid content 7.2%, water-soluble polysaccharide 1.6%). .
Next, bread was prepared by the straight method according to the formulation shown in Table 1 and about 5 kg scale and the work steps shown in Table 1, and Comparative Examples 1-2 and Example 1 were performed.
In addition, the fermented milk of the comparative example 2 used the commercial item (Meiji Bulgaria yogurt).
Wheat flour “Eagle” (manufactured by Nippon Flour Milling Co., Ltd.), yeast as raw yeast “Oriental Yeast” (manufactured by Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd.), and oil and fat Syotoning “Pampas Puree” (manufactured by Fuji Oil Co., Ltd.) ) Was used.
[0017]
The baked bread was allowed to stand overnight at room temperature (10 to 20 ° C.), and then the volume was measured by a rapeseed replacement method. The sensory evaluation was determined by an average score evaluated by 10 panelists using an external 30 point and internal phase 70 point method.
[0018]
The breads thus obtained had a good bread flavor and soft texture with respect to Comparative Example 1, and were excellent in bread volume, anti-aging effect, and antibacterial effect.
Moreover, it is excellent in flavor and anti-aging effect as compared with Comparative Example 2 which has been said to be effective for breads, and softening of bread dough and stickiness of dough, which were the biggest drawbacks related to fermented milk, in particular. Since there was not, it showed favorable bread-making property.
[0019]
Examples 2-5
Commercial soymilk (solid content 9%) is sterilized by heating at 142 ° C for 5 seconds and then cooled to 40 ° C. 1% of each solution was added as a starter and fermented to pH 4.4 in a tank at 40 ° C. for 7 hours.
Subsequently, it cooled to 7 degreeC with the plate cooler, and fermented soymilk was prepared.
Further, 2 parts of water-soluble hemicellulose (produced by Fuji Oil Co., Ltd.), 10 parts of sugar, and 88 parts of hot water were dissolved by stirring at 80 ° C. for 10 minutes, and then cooled to 25 ° C. to prepare a stabilizer solution.
And after mixing 60 parts of said fermented soymilk and 40 parts of stabilizer liquid, what homogenized with the pressure of 100 kg was made into lactic acid fermented soymilk (soybean solid content 5.4% water-soluble polysaccharide 0.8%).
Next, breads were produced with the composition shown in Table 3 on the scale of about 5 kg and the work steps shown in Table 1.
The same commercial products as in the examples were used for flour, yeast, and syotoning.
[0020]
The baked bread was allowed to stand overnight at room temperature (10 to 20 ° C.), and then the volume was measured by a rapeseed replacement method. The sensory evaluation was determined by an average score evaluated by 10 panelists using an external 30 point and internal phase 70 point method.
[0021]
The breads thus obtained differed in the quality of the bread depending on the amount of lactic acid fermented soymilk. When the amount was 3%, the effect on anti-aging, antibacterial properties and flavor was poor, and when 40% was added, the dough was softened and sticky. The workability was poor, the bread volume was reduced, and the flavor was sour and poor.
Examples 7-11
1 part of moulted and dehumidified soybean (1 part by weight) (10 parts of water), 1 part of moulted and dehydrated soybean (water content 40 to 55%) that was sufficiently absorbed by soaking at 30 to 50 ° C. for 60 minutes or longer On the other hand, what added 3 parts of hot water (90 degreeC) was processed with the grinder (made by Masuko Sangyo), the sodium bicarbonate solution was added to this, and pH was adjusted to 7.4 or more and 8.0 or less.
This was supplied to a homogenizer (manufactured by APV) and homogenized at 170 kg / square cm. The homogenized grinding liquid was separated with a centrifugal separator at 3000 G for 5 minutes to obtain soy milk and okara.
This raw soymilk had a solid content of 9.0%, a protein of 4.5% and a pH of 7.5.
To 100 parts of this raw material soymilk, 0.1 to 12% of water-soluble hemicellulose was added and kept at 80 ° C. for 5 minutes, then cooled to 70 ° C. and homogenized with a homogenizer at 100 kg / square cm. Lactobacillus bulgaricus After adding 1% each of individual culture solutions of various commercially available lactic acid bacteria (freeze-dried lactic acid bacteria) of Streptococcus thermophilus as a starter and carrying out fermentation to pH 4 and 4 in a tank at 40 ° C. for 5 hours, 120 kg / square cm After homogenization, the product sterilized at 85 ° C. for 30 minutes was designated as lactic acid fermented soymilk (soybean solid content 8-9%).
Next, breads were produced by replacing the lactic acid fermented soymilk with water used for bread as Examples 7 to 10 by the straight method according to the formulation shown in Table 5 and about 5 kg scale and the work steps shown in Table 1.
As wheat flour used in Examples and Comparative Examples, commercially available strong flour “Eagle” (manufactured by Nippon Flour Mills Co., Ltd.), raw yeast “Oriental Yeast” (manufactured by Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd.), and fat and oil “Syo Toning” “Pampas Puree” (manufactured by Fuji Oil Co., Ltd.), commercially available products for sugar and salt were used.
[0022]
The baked bread was allowed to stand overnight at room temperature (10 to 20 ° C.), and then the volume was measured by the rapeseed replacement method. The sensory evaluation was determined by an average score evaluated by 10 panelists using an external 30 point and internal phase 70 point method.
[0023]
----
When the addition amount of the water-soluble polysaccharide was 0.1% in the lactic acid fermented soymilk, the protein stability of the lactic acid fermented soymilk was poor and the anti-aging effect was lowered. In addition, when the added amount exceeded 10%, the viscosity of lactic acid fermented soymilk also increased, and the bread volume and softness disappeared, resulting in a hard bread.
[0024]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, according to the present invention, breads having good flavor and shelf life, soft texture and soft texture can be obtained.
Also, unlike lactic acid fermented products such as milk and casein, the dough is extremely less sticky when kneading bread dough.
Claims (7)
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| JP2000125071A JP4582859B2 (en) | 2000-04-26 | 2000-04-26 | Bread improver and bread production method |
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| JP2000125071A JP4582859B2 (en) | 2000-04-26 | 2000-04-26 | Bread improver and bread production method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2014103833A1 (en) | 2012-12-26 | 2014-07-03 | 不二製油株式会社 | Water-soluble pea polysaccharide-containing physical property improvement agent for wheat-based food |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR100871307B1 (en) | 2001-07-27 | 2008-12-01 | 가부시키가이샤 고마쓰 세이사쿠쇼 | Crusher, adjuster therefor and mobile crusher mounting the same |
| WO2005053410A1 (en) * | 2003-12-04 | 2005-06-16 | Fuji Oil Company, Limited | Bread improving agent and breads containing the same |
| US20070003673A1 (en) * | 2003-12-25 | 2007-01-04 | Isao Ochi | Process for producing soybean protein-containing wheat dough |
| TWI361667B (en) * | 2003-12-26 | 2012-04-11 | Fuji Oil Co Ltd | Raw extract disinfected soybean milk |
| ATE552728T1 (en) * | 2004-12-17 | 2012-04-15 | Fuji Oil Co Ltd | BREAD IMPROVEMENTS AND BREAD PRODUCTS MADE THEREFROM |
| JP4600347B2 (en) * | 2006-04-28 | 2010-12-15 | 不二製油株式会社 | Method for producing layered bread |
| CN101785492B (en) * | 2010-03-05 | 2012-12-19 | 华南理工大学 | Bread and production method thereof |
| JP6201308B2 (en) * | 2012-12-10 | 2017-09-27 | 不二製油株式会社 | Bread making agent, emulsified oil composition for bread making, and bread |
| WO2014178321A1 (en) * | 2013-05-01 | 2014-11-06 | 不二製油株式会社 | Gluten dispersibility improver and gluten dispersion |
| CN112385690A (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-02-23 | 安徽省宏伟制粉有限责任公司 | Whole wheat flour bread improver with good water retention effect |
| JPWO2022202996A1 (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2022-09-29 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2014103833A1 (en) | 2012-12-26 | 2014-07-03 | 不二製油株式会社 | Water-soluble pea polysaccharide-containing physical property improvement agent for wheat-based food |
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