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JP4583286B2 - Tempura and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
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JP4583286B2 - Tempura and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Tempura and manufacturing method thereof Download PDF

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JP4583286B2
JP4583286B2 JP2005300859A JP2005300859A JP4583286B2 JP 4583286 B2 JP4583286 B2 JP 4583286B2 JP 2005300859 A JP2005300859 A JP 2005300859A JP 2005300859 A JP2005300859 A JP 2005300859A JP 4583286 B2 JP4583286 B2 JP 4583286B2
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tempura
oil
garment
fatty acid
saturated fatty
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JP2007104997A (en
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陽子 松井
正文 鈴木
秀平 中
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Showa Sangyo Co Ltd
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Description

本発明は、0℃〜20℃の低温で長時間保存しても衣のサクサク感を保持することができる天ぷら、およびその製造方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a tempura that can retain the crispness of clothing even when stored at a low temperature of 0 ° C. to 20 ° C. for a long time, and a method for producing the same.

コンビニエンスストアーやスーパーなどで販売される弁当、総菜にはフライなどの揚げ物のメニューが多く用いられている。これらの弁当や総菜は、容器やフィルム等で覆われ密閉された状態で、冷蔵温度から常温の温度範囲で、保存、流通される。これらの商品は流通時間を含めて、数時間ないし1日以上の長時間経過した状態で喫食されることが多い。喫食時に、サクサク感のあるあげたての食感が求められているが、その段階まで衣をサクサク感を持った状態に保持することは非常に難しく、べったりとシナシナになり歯切れの悪い衣になる。 For lunch boxes and prepared dishes sold at convenience stores and supermarkets, a menu of fried foods such as fries is often used. These lunch boxes and prepared dishes are stored and distributed in a temperature range from a refrigeration temperature to a normal temperature while being covered and sealed with a container or a film. These products are often eaten after a long time of several hours to one day or more including distribution time. When eating, a fresh texture with a crisp feeling is required, but it is very difficult to keep the clothes in a crispy state until that stage, and it becomes slippery and crisp and crisp Become.

「揚げるという工程は、多量の油脂を油の媒体として食品を加熱する操作であり、食品は脱水され、変わりに油が吸収されるという、水と油の交換が起こっている。水と油の交換がよく行われているほど、揚げ物は『からりと軽い』と感じられる」(非特許文献1)、「高温の油の中で加熱されると、急激な脱水現象をおこし、油を吸収する。よく脱水されたものは、含油量が多い。この、水と油の交代が、よく行なわれるほど、ころもの歯ざわりは、からりとしてくる。」(非特許文献2)という記述が示すように、油分が多いほど、歯脆い食感が得られやすく、かつ時間が経ったときの食感が保持されやすいことが知られている。
従来から、二度揚げすること、長時間フライすることで、衣の水分を飛ばし、サクサク感を増す手法がとられることがある。しかし、ただ単によく揚げるだけでは衣のガリガリした食感は実現できても、密閉された高湿度な雰囲気では、時間経過により衣の水分が上昇しサクサク感が消失してしまう。
“The frying process is an operation that heats food using a large amount of oil and fat as an oil medium, and the exchange of water and oil occurs, where the food is dehydrated and oil is absorbed instead. The deeper the exchange, the deeper the fried food will be, "it will feel lighter and lighter" (Non-Patent Document 1), "When heated in high-temperature oil, it will cause a sudden dehydration and absorb the oil. A well-dehydrated product has a high oil content. The more frequently this change of water and oil is performed, the more the tooth texture becomes tangled. ”(Non-Patent Document 2) Thus, it is known that the more the oil content, the easier the tooth brittle texture is obtained and the texture when time passes is easily maintained.
Conventionally, a technique of increasing the crispness by removing the moisture of the clothes by fried twice or fried for a long time may be used. However, even if the fried texture of the garment can be achieved simply by fried well, the moisture in the garment rises over time in a sealed, high-humidity atmosphere, and the crispy feeling disappears.

これ以外にも、様々な発明が紹介されている。特許文献1は、衣付食品を油ちょう後、130℃以下のMCTを必須としている食用油に浸漬することを特徴としたフライ済み食品についての製造方法である。この方法も冷凍保存中では効果は認められるが、保存温度が高い場合には油が衣から滲み出してしまい、油っぽく、天ぷらのサクサク感保持の点では十分な効果が得られない。
特許文献2は加熱処理後、長時間経過したり、冷凍工程を行ったりしてもクリスピーな食感が損なわれにくいフライ類について記載している。この発明では油脂を20〜60%含むバッターミックスであること、パン粉などの粉をバッタリング後に付着させることから、天ぷらとは衣の構造が異なる。
特許文献3は、油ちょう後130〜200℃の液油に浸漬することを特徴とするフライ製品の製造法である。この発明は、パン粉を含有する衣に関するものであり、生地そのものが衣を構成する天ぷらとは、衣の構造が異なり、さらに、浸漬する油が限定されず、古くから実施されている二度揚げの考え方と大きく異ならないと考えられ、サクサクした天ぷらの食感を長時間保持することは困難である。
In addition to this, various inventions are introduced. Patent Document 1 is a manufacturing method for fried foods characterized by immersing foods with clothes and then immersing them in edible oils that require MCT of 130 ° C. or lower. This method is also effective during frozen storage, but when the storage temperature is high, the oil oozes out of the garment, is oily, and cannot provide a sufficient effect in maintaining the crispness of the tempura.
Patent Document 2 describes fries that do not easily lose their crispy texture even after a long period of time or after a freezing process. In this invention, since it is a batter mix containing 20 to 60% of fats and oils and powder such as bread crumbs is attached after battering, the structure of the garment is different from that of tempura.
Patent document 3 is a manufacturing method of a frying product characterized by being immersed in liquid oil at 130 to 200 ° C. after oiling. The present invention relates to a garment containing bread crumbs, and the dough itself is different from the tempura that forms the garment, and the structure of the garment is different. It is difficult to maintain the texture of crisp tempura for a long time.

特許第3520678号公報Japanese Patent No. 3520678 特開平8-332033剛公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-332033 特許第3121305号公報Japanese Patent No. 3121305 調理科学講座 調理の基礎と科学 朝倉書店p67〜抜粋Cooking Science Course Cooking Basics and Science Asakura Shoten p67 そうざい用揚げ物の製造 太田静行 食品と科学 1988増刊号P11〜Manufacture of fried food for sozai Shizuyuki Ota Food and Science 1988 Special Issue P11 ~

これら特許文献1〜3に記載の発明は、フライ工程のみの検討に限られている。冷却工程は、業務用の惣菜製造などでは「衛生上、微生物が増殖する温度を速やかに通過させる」ことだけに着目されている。しかし、サクサク感を保持するためには冷却方法の条件が大きく影響しており、冷却時の水分上昇により、保管開始時にはしけったシナシナした衣となってしまうことが多かった。そのため、フライから冷却までを制御しないと食感を長時間保持することはできない。
サクサク感を保持するという観点では、乾燥天ぷらも挙げられる。しかし、天ぷら本来の美味しさは「具材のジューシーさ」であると考えた。この場合、具材の水分は保持し、衣の水分は増加させないということが、揚げたての食感に近づけるために必要になる。
本発明者らは、水が油と交じり合わないという性質を利用して、水の動きを油で封じ込める、すなわち、具材の水分および衣の水分を油を使って移動させないような状態のまま移動が起きにくい低温まで冷却することで本課題を解決するものである。
すなわち、本発明は、0℃〜20℃の低温で長時間保存しても衣のサクサク感を保持することができる天ぷら、およびその製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
The inventions described in these patent documents 1 to 3 are limited to the examination of only the frying process. The cooling process is focused only on “swiftly passing the temperature at which microorganisms multiply for hygiene purposes” in the production of commercial side dishes. However, in order to maintain a crisp feeling, the conditions of the cooling method have a great influence, and due to an increase in moisture during cooling, the clothes often become garbled at the start of storage. For this reason, the texture cannot be maintained for a long time without controlling from fried food to cooling.
From the viewpoint of maintaining a crisp feeling, dry tempura is also mentioned. However, I thought that the original taste of tempura was “the juiciness of ingredients”. In this case, it is necessary to retain the moisture of the ingredients and not increase the moisture of the clothes in order to approximate the freshly fried texture.
The present inventors use the property that water does not mix with oil, so that the movement of water is contained in oil, that is, the moisture of the ingredients and the moisture of the clothes are not moved using the oil. This problem is solved by cooling to a low temperature at which movement is unlikely to occur.
That is, an object of the present invention is to provide a tempura that can maintain the crispness of clothing even when stored at a low temperature of 0 ° C. to 20 ° C. for a long time, and a method for producing the same.

発明は、通常の天ぷらの製造工程によって1次油ちょうした天ぷらを、あえて冷却することなく、飽和脂肪酸組成が25重量%以上であるフライ油で2次油ちょうし、2次油ちょうした後に、天ぷらの中心温度を−3℃/分以上の速さで真空冷却することを特徴とした天ぷらの製造方法であって、2次油ちょう後の天ぷら衣に含まれる衣油分の飽和脂肪酸組成が19重量%以上45重量%以下であり、2次油ちょう後の衣重量を100%とした場合の衣油分が、55%〜72%であり、保存温度帯で流動性がない油で構成されており、20℃以下の範囲の保存温度帯で保存する天ぷらであり、24時間経過後もサクサクした食感の残る天ぷらの製造方を要旨としている。
In the present invention, the tempura prepared by the normal tempura manufacturing process is secondarily oiled with a frying oil having a saturated fatty acid composition of 25% by weight or more without intentionally cooling , and after secondarily oiling, A method for producing tempura , characterized in that the center temperature of tempura is vacuum-cooled at a rate of −3 ° C./min or more, and the saturated fatty acid composition of the garment oil contained in the tempura garment after the secondary oil is 19 It is composed of an oil having a fluidity of 55% to 72% and having no fluidity in a storage temperature range when the weight of clothing after the secondary oil is taken as 100%. cages, a tempura be stored at storage temperature zone ranging from 20 ° C. or less, and the gist of the production side of tempura remainder of texture even after 24 hours were crispy.

2次油ちょうした後に、天ぷらの中心温度を−3℃/分以上の速さで真空冷却する工程で、真空冷却後の天ぷら衣の最外層の水分値を4%以下とすることを特徴としており、その場合、本発明は、上記の天ぷらを製造する方法であって、2次油ちょうした後に、天ぷらの中心温度を−3℃/分以上の速さで真空冷却する工程で、真空冷却後の天ぷら衣の最外層の水分値を4%以下とすることを特徴とする天ぷらの製造方法を要旨としている。
In the process of vacuum cooling the temperature of the tempura at a speed of -3 ° C / min or higher after the secondary oil is applied, the moisture value of the outermost layer of the tempura after vacuum cooling is set to 4% or less. cage, in which case, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing the tempura, after 2 Tsugiyu butterfly, in the step of vacuum cooling core temperature tempura at -3 ° C. / min or more speed, vacuum cooling It is summarized as method for producing a tempura, characterized by a 4% or less moisture content of the outermost layer of tempura batter after.

小麦粉中の澱粉ではなく、配合した澱粉を10重量%以上含有する天ぷら粉を使用して製造しており、その場合、本発明は、上記の天ぷらを製造する方法であって小麦粉中の澱粉ではなく、配合した澱粉を10量%以上含有する天ぷら粉を使用して製造することを特徴とする天ぷらの製造方法を要旨としている。 Rather than starch in the flour, manufactures compounded starch using tempura flour containing more than 10 wt%, in which case, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing the tempura, starch in wheat flour rather, it is summarized as method for producing a tempura, characterized by prepared using tempura powder containing blended starch least 10 by weight%.

本発明は、0℃〜20℃の低温で長時間保存しても衣のサクサク感を保持することができる天ぷら、およびその製造方法を提供することができる。   INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can provide a tempura that can maintain the crispness of clothing even when stored at a low temperature of 0 ° C. to 20 ° C. for a long time, and a method for producing the same.

[油の固形脂含量について]
1次フライに使用する油は、大豆油、ナタネ油、パーム油、ラード、水添脂、極度硬化油などの単独または混合された一般的食用フライ油として使用される油であれば何ら縛られるものではない。しかしながら衣中の油(特に2次フライで衣に吸着される固形脂)は、0〜20℃で保存に使用する温度で流動性がなくなっていることが重要である。
0〜20℃で油の流動性がなくなる指標としては、飽和脂肪酸含量が適切と考えた。脂肪酸組成については、文献上の数値を元にした他、実際の測定は、ガスクロマトグラフィーによって行なった。結果、2次フライに使用する油の飽和脂肪酸含量は25%以上で適切であり、天ぷら衣中の油の飽和脂肪酸含量としては19%以上45%以下であることが好ましかった。
保存温度帯で流動性のない油の物理的指標としては、上昇融点が保存温度の上限(例えば20℃)以上の油脂が例示きれる。また、保存温度帯で流動性のない油脂は、実際的には、ろ紙上に天ぷらを置き保存温度帯で油染みが観察されないか、観察されたとしても天ぷらとろ紙の接触点のみであることでも判断できる。熟練により、天ぶら表面を単に目視することでも可能である。
保存時に油が衣から落ちてしまうと、食感が保持できない。油が水分移行を抑制するバリアーになるため、油の量が少なくなってしまうと抑制(バリアー)効果が無くなってしまうためである。実際に、保存温度帯で液体である油は、流動性があるために保存時に衣から脱落しまい、食感が保持できない。また、同理由で固化速度が速い油が好ましいと考えられる。油の固化速度を上げるためには、極度硬化油や乳化剤を含有させた油を用いることも本発明には含まれる。
衣の油分は高い方が衣のサクサク感が残っており、具体的には55%以上の天ぷら衣に顕著な効果が見られた。しかし、あまり油分を上げ過ぎると、油っぽさが気になり美味しさが損なわれることから、油分は55%〜72%の範囲が好ましい。天ぷら衣の油分はソックスレー抽出法で分析を行った。
[About solid fat content of oil]
The oil used for primary frying is not limited as long as it is used as a general edible frying oil, such as soybean oil, rapeseed oil, palm oil, lard, hydrogenated oil, extremely hardened oil, etc. It is not a thing. However, it is important that the oil in the garment (particularly the solid fat adsorbed to the garment by the secondary fly) loses its fluidity at the temperature used for storage at 0 to 20 ° C.
Saturated fatty acid content was considered appropriate as an index for the loss of fluidity of oil at 0-20 ° C. The fatty acid composition was based on numerical values in the literature, and actual measurement was performed by gas chromatography. As a result, it was preferable that the saturated fatty acid content of the oil used for the secondary frying was 25% or more, and the saturated fatty acid content of the oil in the tempura garment was 19% or more and 45% or less.
Examples of the physical index of oil having no fluidity in the storage temperature range include fats and oils whose rising melting point is not less than the upper limit (for example, 20 ° C.) of the storage temperature. In addition, oils and fats that are not fluid in the storage temperature range are actually tempura placed on the filter paper and no oil stain is observed in the storage temperature range, or even if it is observed, it is only the contact point between the tempura and the filter paper. I can judge. By skill, it is also possible to simply look at the ceiling surface.
If oil falls from the clothing during storage, the texture cannot be maintained. This is because oil becomes a barrier that suppresses moisture transfer, and if the amount of oil decreases, the suppression (barrier) effect is lost. Actually, the oil that is liquid in the storage temperature zone is fluid and therefore falls off from the clothing during storage, and the texture cannot be maintained. For the same reason, an oil having a high solidification rate is considered preferable. In order to increase the solidification speed of the oil, use of an oil containing an extremely hardened oil or an emulsifier is also included in the present invention.
The higher the oil content of the garment, the more crisp feeling of the garment remained. Specifically, the tempura garment of 55% or more showed a remarkable effect. However, if the oil content is increased too much, the oiliness is worrisome and the taste is impaired, so the oil content is preferably in the range of 55% to 72%. The oil content of tempura was analyzed by Soxhlet extraction.

[2次フライの温度]
2次フライを行う温度としては、通常フライ製品を製造する温度であればよく、130℃以上が好ましい。2次フライを行なうことで、衣の水分をより低減させることができるが、そのためには油温が水の蒸発温度以上であること、望ましくは130℃以上であることが好ましい。また、低温では2次フライで付着する油が過度に付着したり、衣への浸透速度が低くなることからも、2次フライの温度としては130℃以上が望ましい。
[Secondary fly temperature]
The temperature at which the secondary frying is carried out may be any temperature that normally produces a fried product, and is preferably 130 ° C. or higher. By performing the secondary fly, the moisture of the garment can be further reduced. For this purpose, the oil temperature is preferably equal to or higher than the evaporation temperature of water, preferably 130 ° C. or higher. In addition, the temperature of the secondary fly is preferably 130 ° C. or higher because oil adhering to the secondary fly is excessively attached at low temperatures and the rate of penetration into clothing is low.

[真空冷却機について]
本発明では、浸漬後、真空冷却機で急冷することが好ましいが、(1)急冷することで、水分移行を防ぐことと、(2)衣の表面の水分を低下させることでよりサクサクした食感を実現できる。
(1) 急冷について
具材が熱いと具材からの水分が蒸発してくるが、この水分は、より水分の低い衣に保持される。これを防ぐためには、具材の温度を急速に低下させることが必要である。
(2) 衣の表面の水分を低下させる
真空状態にすることで水分の沸点を低下させ、表面水分の蒸発を促せる。
真空冷却の具体的な速度としては、−3℃/分以上の冷却速度が好ましく、できれば−8℃/分以上がより好ましい。
[About vacuum cooler]
In the present invention, it is preferable to rapidly cool with a vacuum cooler after immersion, but (1) to prevent moisture transfer by rapid cooling and (2) to make the food more crunchy by reducing the moisture on the surface of the garment A feeling can be realized.
(1) About rapid cooling When the ingredients are hot, the moisture from the ingredients will evaporate, but this moisture is retained in the garments with lower moisture. In order to prevent this, it is necessary to rapidly reduce the temperature of the ingredients.
(2) By making a vacuum state that reduces the moisture on the surface of the garment, the boiling point of the moisture is lowered, and evaporation of the surface moisture can be promoted.
As a specific rate of vacuum cooling, a cooling rate of −3 ° C./min or more is preferable, and −8 ° C./min or more is more preferable.

[保存温度]
エビ天ぷらは具材の水分が高く、衣の水分が低い。即ち、衣の内側と外側で水分勾配がある場合、基本的に内部水分の移動が起こりやすいが、この移動は水が動きやすい高温であればあるほど、顕著になる。実際に、保存温度が低いほど、ヒキ感(衣の歯切れが悪く、ひきちぎり難い感覚)が出ないことが確認できた。保存温度は0℃〜20℃以上、好ましくは、0〜5℃が好ましい。20℃以上でも効果は認められるが、喫食時に油っぽく感じられ、サクサク感も減少する傾向にある。
[storage temperature]
Shrimp tempura has high moisture in ingredients and low moisture in clothing. That is, when there is a moisture gradient between the inside and outside of the garment, the movement of the internal moisture is basically easy to occur, but this movement becomes more remarkable as the temperature of the water is high. In fact, it was confirmed that the lower the storage temperature, the lower the feeling of cracking (the crispness of the clothes was worse and it was difficult to tear off). The storage temperature is 0 ° C to 20 ° C or higher, preferably 0 to 5 ° C. Although the effect is recognized even at 20 ° C. or higher, it feels oily at the time of eating, and the crispness tends to decrease.

[天ぷら粉配合…特に澱粉について]
天ぷら粉は、衣の中の水分を蒸発させやすく、水と油を置換しやすくするために、澱粉が多い配合が好ましい。天ぷら粉の配合について、特に水抜けに影響を与える澱粉については生澱粉でも問題ないが、好ましくは酸化澱粉もしくは架橋澱粉が好ましい。また、その配合量としては、10%以上がサクサクした食感がより強くなり、15%以上がさらに好ましい。
[具材]
本方法は、エビ天ぷらの他、イカ天ぷら、キス天ぷらなどの魚介天ぷら、鳥天ぷら、豚天ぷらなどの畜肉の天ぷら、イモ天ぷら、ナス天ぷら、シシトウ天ぷら、シイタケ天ぷらなどの野菜天ぷら、および魚介かき揚げ、野菜のかき揚げなどの、いわゆる天ぷら状の衣が具材に付着されている食品全般に利用することができる。
[Contains tempura powder, especially starch]
The tempura powder is preferably blended with a large amount of starch in order to easily evaporate water in the garment and to easily replace water and oil. With regard to the blending of tempura powder, there is no problem even with raw starch for starch that affects drainage, but preferably oxidized starch or crosslinked starch. Further, as the blending amount, 10% or more becomes more crisp and more preferably 15% or more.
[Ingredients]
This method includes shrimp tempura, seafood tempura such as squid tempura and kiss tempura, meat tempura such as bird tempura, pork tempura, vegetable tempura such as potato tempura, eggplant tempura, shiitake tempura, shiitake tempura, and seafood tempura, It can be used for all foods with so-called tempura-like clothes attached to ingredients such as fried vegetables.

以下に実施例によって本発明をさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらにより何ら限定されない。   The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[比較例および実施例]
以下の方法でエビ天ぷらを調製した。
電気加熱式フライヤー〔マッハフライヤーFA−13ST、マッハ機器(株)製〕に13kgの1次フライ油(基本は大豆白絞油:飽和脂肪酸含量15%)を張り込み、175℃に加温し使用した。
天ぷら粉100(小麦粉:84.2%、加工澱粉:15%、膨張剤:0.8%)に対して冷水150を加え、ハンドホイッパー(泡立て器)でダマがある程度無くなるまで攪拌し、バッターを調製した。解凍した尾付きムキ伸ばしエビ(ブラックタイガー:26−30尾/ポンド)に天ぷら粉で打ち粉をしてから、バッター液に浸し、直にフライヤー中の滑り台(油の深さ3cm)に置いた。計量スプーンで10ml(小匙5ml×2)のバッター液をエビに滴下して花咲きを付けた。175℃で2分30秒フライし、アミに揚げたところまでを1次フライとした。
次に、エビ天ぷらの花咲き部分を下にして、185℃に加熱した2次フライ油〔以下、特に断らない限り、プレミックスオイル150(昭和産業製):飽和脂肪酸含量40%を使用した。〕に上面だけ浸漬させた(この工程を2次フライとした)。
上記のようにエビ天ぷらを調製した後は、真空冷却機(ミウラ工業製・Zフーズメーカー・容量0.1m)で、エビの芯温が5℃になるまで急冷後、直ちにパッキングし、5℃の冷蔵庫で24時間保存後に、エビ天ぷらの衣のサクサク感について官能評価を行なった。
[Comparative Examples and Examples]
Shrimp tempura was prepared by the following method.
Electric heating fryer (Mach Flyer FA-13ST, manufactured by Mach Equipment Co., Ltd.) was filled with 13 kg of primary frying oil (basic soybean white oil: saturated fatty acid content 15%), heated to 175 ° C and used .
Cold water 150 was added to tempura powder 100 (wheat flour: 84.2%, processed starch: 15%, swelling agent: 0.8%), and the mixture was stirred with a hand whipper (whather) until some lumps disappeared to prepare a batter. The thawed shrimp-stretched shrimp (black tiger: 26-30 tails / pound) that had been thawed was dusted with tempura flour, dipped in batter liquid, and placed directly on a slide in the fryer (oil depth 3 cm). . With a measuring spoon, 10 ml of batter liquid (5 ml of small spoon x 2) was dropped on the shrimp to give flowers. It was fried at 175 ° C for 2 minutes and 30 seconds, and the part that had been deep-fried was used as the primary fried food.
Next, a secondary frying oil heated to 185 ° C. with the shrimp tempura flowering part down [hereinafter, unless otherwise specified, premix oil 150 (manufactured by Showa Sangyo): saturated fatty acid content 40% was used. ], Only the upper surface was immersed (this step was used as a secondary fly).
After preparing the shrimp tempura as described above, it is immediately cooled with a vacuum cooler (made by Miura Kogyo Co., Ltd., Z Foods Manufacturer, capacity 0.1 m 3 ) until the core temperature of shrimp reaches 5 ° C, and then immediately packed. After being stored in a refrigerator for 24 hours, sensory evaluation was performed on the crispness of the shrimp tempura.

サクサク感については、以下のとおりに点数付けを行なった。
5:非常に歯脆くサクサク感が残っている
4:やや引きちぎりにくいヒキ感を感じるが、サクサク感は残っている
3:部分的にサクサク感が残っている
2:全体的にはサクサク感残っていないが、サクサク感が残っている部分がわずかにある
1:全くサクサク感は残っていない
The crispness was scored as follows.
5: Very brittle and crisp feeling remains 4: Slightly difficult to tear, but crisp feeling remains 3: Partial crisp feeling remains 2: Overall crisp feeling remains It is not, but there are a few parts that remain crispy 1: No crispy feeling remains

また、保存時の油の流動性を確認する目的で、エビ天ぷらの下にろ紙を敷いておき、24時間チルド保存後の油染みを目視観察し、以下のとおりに評価を行なった。
− 油染みなし
+ やや油染みあり
++ 油染みあり
For the purpose of confirming the fluidity of the oil during storage, a filter paper was laid under the shrimp tempura, and the oil stain after 24 hours of chilled storage was visually observed and evaluated as follows.
− No oil stain + Slight oil stain + + Oil stain

[実施例1]
1次フライする油を飽和脂肪酸含量15%の大豆油にし、2次フライする油を飽和脂肪酸含量 40%の固形脂にしてフライを行ない、真空冷却後、チルド24時間後に評価を行なった。
[実施例2]
1次フライする油を飽和脂肪酸含量 20%の米油にし、2次フライする油を飽和脂肪酸含量 40%の固形脂にしてフライを行なう以外は、実施例1と同様の処理を行なった。
[実施例3]
1次フライする油を飽和脂肪酸含量 25%のマカデミアナッツ油にし、2次フライする油を飽和脂肪酸含量 40%の固形脂にしてフライを行なう以外は、実施例1と同様の処理を行なった。
[実施例4]
1次フライする油を飽和脂肪酸含量 40%の加工油脂にし、2次フライする油も同じ飽和脂肪酸含量 40%の加工油脂にしてフライを行なう以外は、実施例1と同様の処理を行なった。
[実施例5]
1次フライする油を飽和脂肪酸含量 15%の大豆油にし、2次フライする油を飽和脂肪酸含量 25%のマカデミアナッツ油にしてフライを行なう以外は、実施例1と同様の処理を行なった。
[実施例6]
1次フライする油を飽和脂肪酸含量 25%のマカデミアナッツ油にし、2次フライする油を同じ飽和脂肪酸含量 25%のマカデミアナッツ油にしてフライを行なう以外は、実施例1と同様の処理を行なった。
[実施例7]
1次フライする油を飽和脂肪酸含量 40%の加工油脂にし、2次フライする油を飽和脂肪酸含量 15%の大豆油にしてフライを行なう以外は、実施例1と同様の処理を行なった。
[Example 1]
The primary frying oil was made into soybean oil with a saturated fatty acid content of 15%, the secondary frying oil was made into a solid fat with a saturated fatty acid content of 40%, fried, and after cooling in a vacuum, evaluation was made 24 hours later.
[Example 2]
The same treatment as in Example 1 was performed except that the oil to be primary fried was made into rice oil having a saturated fatty acid content of 20% and the oil to be fried secondary was made into a solid fat having a saturated fatty acid content of 40%.
[Example 3]
The same treatment as in Example 1 was performed, except that the oil to be primary fried was macadamia nut oil having a saturated fatty acid content of 25% and the oil to be secondarily fried was solid fat having a saturated fatty acid content of 40%.
[Example 4]
The same treatment as in Example 1 was performed except that the oil to be primary fried was processed into a processed fat / oil with a saturated fatty acid content of 40%, and the oil to be fried secondary was also processed into a processed fat / oil with the same saturated fatty acid content of 40%.
[Example 5]
The same treatment as in Example 1 was performed except that the oil to be primary fried was soybean oil having a saturated fatty acid content of 15% and the oil to be secondarily fried was macadamia nut oil having a saturated fatty acid content of 25%.
[Example 6]
The same treatment as in Example 1 was performed except that the oil to be primary fried was made into macadamia nut oil with a saturated fatty acid content of 25% and the oil to be fried secondary was made into macadamia nut oil with the same saturated fatty acid content of 25%.
[Example 7]
The same treatment as in Example 1 was carried out except that the oil to be primary fried was processed into fats and oils having a saturated fatty acid content of 40% and the oil to be secondarily fried was soybean oil having a saturated fatty acid content of 15%.

[比較例1]
1次フライする油を飽和脂肪酸含量 15%の大豆油にし、2次フライは行なわずに真空冷却、チルド24時間後に評価を行なった。
[比較例2]
1次フライする油を飽和脂肪酸含量 15%の大豆油にし、2次フライする油も同じ飽和脂肪酸含量 15%の大豆油にしてフライを行なう以外は、比較例1と同様の処理を行なった。
[比較例3]
1次フライする油を飽和脂肪酸含量 25%のマカデミアナッツ油にし、2次フライは行なわずに比較例1と同様の処理を行なった。
[比較例4]
1次フライする油を飽和脂肪酸含量 40%の加工油脂にし、2次フライは行なわずに比較例1と同様の処理を行なった。
[Comparative Example 1]
The oil to be primary fried was soybean oil having a saturated fatty acid content of 15%, and the evaluation was performed after 24 hours of chilled cooling without chilling the secondary frying.
[Comparative Example 2]
The same treatment as in Comparative Example 1 was performed, except that the oil to be primary fried was made into soybean oil with a saturated fatty acid content of 15%, and the oil to be fried secondary was also made into soybean oil with the same saturated fatty acid content of 15%.
[Comparative Example 3]
The oil to be primary fried was made into macadamia nut oil having a saturated fatty acid content of 25%, and the same treatment as in Comparative Example 1 was carried out without performing the secondary frying.
[Comparative Example 4]
The oil used for the primary frying was processed oil with a saturated fatty acid content of 40%, and the same treatment as in Comparative Example 1 was performed without performing the secondary frying.

結果を表1に示した。

Figure 0004583286
The results are shown in Table 1.
Figure 0004583286

[必要最低限の油量の確認]
衣にどの程度、保存温度で固体である油が存在していれば、水分防御壁(バリアー)としての効果を示すのかを明確にする目的で、以下の試験を行なった。
[油分測定について]
冷却後のエビ天ぷらについて、エビと衣とを分画した。衣重量を100%としたときの、油分を測定した。
[Confirmation of minimum oil amount]
The following tests were conducted for the purpose of clarifying how much oil in a garment is solid at storage temperature and that it shows an effect as a moisture barrier.
[About oil content measurement]
For the shrimp tempura after cooling, shrimp and clothing were fractionated. The oil content was measured when the clothing weight was 100%.

[実施例8]
1次フライ後に、エビ天ぷらの油分が72%になるように油(約140℃、飽和脂肪酸含量40%の固形脂)を衣に染み込ませた後、真空冷却で冷却、チルド24時間保存後に油の流動性と食感の評価を行なった。
[実施例9]
エビ天ぷらの油分が65%になるようにする以外は、実施例5と同様の処理を行なった。
[実施例10]
エビ天ぷらの油分が58%になるようにする以外は、実施例5と同様の処理を行なった。
[実施例11]
エビ天ぷらの油分が55%になるようにする以外は、実施例5と同様の処理を行なった。
[Example 8]
After the primary frying, oil (solid fat with a saturated fatty acid content of 40%) is soaked in the garment so that the shrimp tempura has a 72% oil content, then cooled with vacuum cooling and stored after 24 hours of chilled storage. The fluidity and texture were evaluated.
[Example 9]
The same treatment as in Example 5 was performed except that the oil content of shrimp tempura was 65%.
[Example 10]
The same treatment as in Example 5 was performed except that the oil content of shrimp tempura was adjusted to 58%.
[Example 11]
The same treatment as in Example 5 was performed except that the oil content of shrimp tempura was 55%.

[比較例5]
エビ天ぷらの油分が52%になるようにする以外は、実施例5と同様の処理を行なった。
[Comparative Example 5]
The same treatment as in Example 5 was performed, except that the shrimp tempura had an oil content of 52%.

結果を表2に示した。

Figure 0004583286
The results are shown in Table 2.
Figure 0004583286

[油分測定の結果について]
油分を測定した結果、55%望ましくは、58%以上の油分のエビ天ぷらは、サクサク感を保持していると判断した。
[About the result of oil measurement]
As a result of measuring the oil content, shrimp tempura with an oil content of 55%, preferably 58% or more, was judged to have a crisp feeling.

[冷却方法について]
冷却方法を変えた場合の冷却速度と最外層の水分値およびチルド24時間後のサクサク感について、以下の試験を行った。
[最外層の水分値の測定について]
冷却後のエビ天ぷらについて、エビと衣とを分画した。衣重量を100%としたときの、外側から15%(花チリ部 エビ天ぷらの花チリ部分のみ)を最外層とし、常圧加熱乾燥(135℃2時間)により水分を算出した。
[Cooling method]
The following tests were conducted on the cooling rate when changing the cooling method, the moisture value of the outermost layer, and the crispness after 24 hours of chilling.
[Measurement of moisture content of outermost layer]
For the shrimp tempura after cooling, shrimp and clothing were fractionated. Moisture was calculated by atmospheric pressure heating and drying (135 ° C., 2 hours), with 15% from the outside (only the flower chili part of the shrimp tempura flower chili part) when the clothing weight was 100%.

[実施例12]
大型真空冷却機(1.8m)で急冷した。
[比較例6]
差圧冷却機で急冷した。
[比較例7]
放冷又は送風冷却で冷却を行なった。
[Example 12]
It was quenched with a large vacuum cooler (1.8 m 3 ).
[Comparative Example 6]
Quenched with a differential pressure cooler.
[Comparative Example 7]
Cooling was carried out by standing or cooling with air.

結果を表3に示した。

Figure 0004583286
The results are shown in Table 3.
Figure 0004583286

[天ぷら粉の配合について]
天ぷら粉の配合について、以下の試験を行った。
表4に配合(重量部)と結果を示す。
[Combination of tempura powder]
The following tests were conducted on the blending of tempura powder.
Table 4 shows the formulation (parts by weight) and the results.

Figure 0004583286
*酸化澱粉:酸化コンスターチ(SF-400:敷島スターチ製)
Figure 0004583286
* Oxidized starch: oxidized starch (SF-400: made by Shikishima starch)

[保存温度の影響]
エビ天ぷら調製後(2次フライ)、小型真空冷却機で冷却、パッキング後に保存温度を変えて24時間後の評価を行なった。
[Effect of storage temperature]
After the shrimp tempura was prepared (secondary fried food), it was cooled with a small vacuum cooler, and after packing, the storage temperature was changed and the evaluation was made 24 hours later.

[実施例18]
保存温度を8℃にする以外は実施例1と同様の処理を行なった。
[実施例19]
保存温度を10℃にする以外は実施例1と同様の処理を行なった。
[実施例20]
保存温度を20℃にする以外は実施例1と同様の処理を行なった。
[Example 18]
The same treatment as in Example 1 was performed except that the storage temperature was 8 ° C.
[Example 19]
The same treatment as in Example 1 was performed except that the storage temperature was 10 ° C.
[Example 20]
The same treatment as in Example 1 was performed except that the storage temperature was 20 ° C.

同時に、2次フライを行なわずに、同様の保存温度での評価を行なった。
[比較例8]
保存温度を8℃にする以外は比較例1と同様の処理を行なった。
[比較例9]
保存温度を10℃にする以外は比較例1と同様の処理を行なった。
[比較例10]
保存温度を20℃にする以外は比較例1と同様の処理を行なった。
At the same time, the evaluation at the same storage temperature was performed without performing the secondary frying.
[Comparative Example 8]
The same treatment as in Comparative Example 1 was performed except that the storage temperature was 8 ° C.
[Comparative Example 9]
The same treatment as in Comparative Example 1 was performed except that the storage temperature was 10 ° C.
[Comparative Example 10]
The same treatment as in Comparative Example 1 was performed except that the storage temperature was 20 ° C.

結果を表2に示した。

Figure 0004583286
The results are shown in Table 2.
Figure 0004583286

コンビニエンスストアーやスーパーなどで販売される弁当、総菜に用いられるフライなどの揚げ物が、容器やフィルム等で覆われ密閉された状態で、冷蔵温度から常温の温度範囲で、数時間ないし1日以上の長時間保存された後、喫食時に、サクサク感のあるあげたての衣を提供することができる。 For a few hours to a day or more in the temperature range from refrigeration to room temperature, with fried foods such as lunch boxes sold at convenience stores and supermarkets, and fried foods used for prepared dishes covered and sealed with containers and films, etc. After being stored for a long time, it is possible to provide fresh clothes that are crisp when eating.

Claims (3)

通常の天ぷらの製造工程によって1次油ちょうした天ぷらを、あえて冷却することなく、飽和脂肪酸組成が25重量%以上であるフライ油で2次油ちょうし、2次油ちょうした後に、天ぷらの中心温度を−3℃/分以上の速さで真空冷却することを特徴とした天ぷらの製造方法であって2次油ちょう後の天ぷら衣に含まれる衣油分の飽和脂肪酸組成が19重量%以上45重量%以下であり、2次油ちょう後の衣重量を100%とした場合の衣油分が、55%〜72%であり、保存温度帯で流動性がない油で構成されており、20℃以下の範囲の保存温度帯で保存する天ぷらであり、24時間経過後もサクサクした食感の残る天ぷらの製造方法。 Temporary tempura produced by normal tempura manufacturing process is secondarily oiled with frying oil having a saturated fatty acid composition of 25% by weight or more without cooling , and then the core temperature of tempura is obtained. Tempura is vacuum-cooled at a rate of −3 ° C./min or more, and the saturated fatty acid composition of the garment oil contained in the tempura garment after the secondary oil is 19 wt% or more 45 The weight of the garment oil is 55% to 72% when the weight of the garment after the secondary oil is taken as 100%. A method for producing tempura which is stored in a storage temperature range of the following range and has a crisp texture after 24 hours . 2次油ちょうした後に、天ぷらの中心温度を−3℃/分以上の速さで真空冷却する工程で、真空冷却後の天ぷら衣の最外層の水分値を4%以下とすることを特徴とする請求項の天ぷらの製造方法。 After 2 Tsugiyu butterfly, in the step of vacuum cooling core temperature tempura at -3 ° C. / min faster than the feature that the water content of the outermost layer of tempura batter after vacuum cooling than 4% The method for producing tempura according to claim 1 . 小麦粉中の澱粉ではなく、配合した澱粉を10重量%以上含有する天ぷら粉を使用して製造する請求項またはの天ぷらの製造方法。
Rather than starch in the wheat flour, the production method according to claim 1 or 2 tempura produced using tempura powder containing blended starch 10 wt% or more.
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