JP4583559B2 - Medium for MRSA screening - Google Patents
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- JP4583559B2 JP4583559B2 JP2000221793A JP2000221793A JP4583559B2 JP 4583559 B2 JP4583559 B2 JP 4583559B2 JP 2000221793 A JP2000221793 A JP 2000221793A JP 2000221793 A JP2000221793 A JP 2000221793A JP 4583559 B2 JP4583559 B2 JP 4583559B2
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、複数の細菌が混合して存在する被検体から、多剤耐性を示すブドウ球菌すなわちメチシリン耐性黄色ブドウ球菌(MRSA)の存否を、容易に検出(スクリーニング)できる培地に関する。
なお、本発明では次の略語を使用することがある。
【0002】
【略語表】
MRSA:メチシリン耐性黄色ブドウ球菌(Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus)
MSSA:メチシリン感受性黄色ブドウ球菌(Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus)
MUP:4−メチルウンベリフェリルリン酸(4-Methyl-Umbelliferyl Phosphate)
CAMHB:陽イオン調整ミューラー・ヒントン液体培地 (Cation Adjusted Mueller Hinton Broth)
NCCLS:米国臨床検査標準委員会 (National Commitee for Clinical Laboratory Standards)
MIC:最小発育阻止濃度 (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration)
【0003】
【従来の技術】
近年臨床的に院内感染が重要な問題になっており、特に院内感染症の起因菌として多剤耐性を獲得したMRSAが注目されている。MRSAは通常鼻腔や咽頭などに常在、あるいは床や壁などの周辺環境に常在することができる細菌である。これを保有する保菌者を介して、あるいは周辺環境との接触により、癌、免疫不全などの疾患、あるいは術後の抵抗力の低下した患者などが感染した場合には重篤な症状を呈することがある。
このため保菌者や床などの周辺環境の状況を、前もって簡単に、あるいはスクリーニング的に把握できるならば、保菌者の鼻腔や咽頭を消毒する、あるいは保菌者と患者との接触を低減する、周辺環境の消毒を行うなどの方策をとり、感染の伝播防止に寄与することができる。
【0004】
これらの問題に対して、たとえば医療関係者の鼻腔内、咽頭などや壁・床などの周辺環境より得られた検体中にMRSAが存在するか否かを確認しようとした場合には、検体中にはMRSAではない S.aureus も含めた複数種類の細菌が混在している。また選択分離培養をするにしても、検出対象の細菌の存在量が少ないこともある。それ故、目的の細菌(MRSA)が低濃度でも培養でき、かつ発育の有無を簡単に感知することを可能とする検出用培地を提供することが重要である。
検体中にMRSAが存在するか否かを確認するには、MRSAの保菌者の鼻腔や咽頭などを綿棒などで拭った被検物(擦過物)等を検体とし、MRSAを選択的にスクリーニングできる培地にそれを接種し、培養して判定する。また、この被検物中には必ずしも目的の細菌が多量に含まれているわけではないので、可能な限り低濃度の対象細菌に対しても培養ができる培地であることが必要である。
【0005】
このMRSAを培養・検出するための培地としてすでに特開平05 - 227992号、特開平06 - 178696号、特開平06 - 233696号、特開平07 - 000181号がすでに出願されている。また市販されているものでは、テルモ社MRSAスクリーニング用培地やコロナ技研社STチューブMRSA等が知られている。しかしながらこれらの培地は、選択剤としてオキサシリンやセフチゾキシムを用いており、これらの薬剤が溶液状態では安定性が悪いため培地に直接添加されずに薬剤だけを乾燥濾紙(ディスク)として供給されたり、また粉末培地部分と液体培地部分と2部に分けて供給され、用時調製されたりしており、使い勝手の良いものではない。また調製後の保存安定性も不良である。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従って本発明の目的は、検体中にMRSAが存在するかどうかを、簡便な操作で正確かつ迅速に検出することが可能なスクリーニング用培地を提供することにある。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
かかる実状において本発明者は、エリスロマイシンの使用によりMRSAとMSSAの分別が可能であることを見いだし、鋭意努力の結果、本発明を完成した。
【0008】
すなわち本発明は、
(1)黄色ブドウ球菌が増殖可能な培地に、食塩、黄色ブドウ球菌によって分解され酸を生成する1種以上の糖類、pH指示薬、MUP、及びエリスロマイシンを添加したことを特徴とするMRSAスクリーニング用培地である。
【0009】
黄色ブドウ球菌が培養可能な培地としては、ハートインフュージョン培地、トリプトソイ培地、マンニット食塩培地、エッグヨーク食塩培地、スタヒロコッカスNo.110培地等が挙げられるが、基本的に黄色ブドウ球菌が増殖可能な培地であれば本発明に使用可能である。
【0010】
食塩は非耐塩性の菌の増殖を抑制する作用がある。黄色ブドウ球菌は高濃度の食塩を含む培地でも発育することができるが、ほかの菌は発育ができない。
黄色ブドウ球菌により分解され酸を生成する糖として、マンニット、トレハロース、サリシンなどが知られており、その中でもマンニットが本発明には適している。マンニットは、黄色ブドウ球菌により発酵分解され、酸を生成する。このマンニット発酵分解能は、黄色ブドウ球菌の特異的な性状とされているものである。本発明においては、マンニットの分解により酸が生成し、培地のpHが低下することを利用し、当該pHの低下をpH指示薬により検出する。
このpH指示薬としては中性域と酸性域で呈色が異なる指示薬、例えばフェノールレッドやブロムクレゾールパープルが本発明には好ましい。
【0011】
MUPは、ホスファターゼにより分解され、4−メチルウンベリフェロン(蛍光物質)を生成する蛍光基質である。黄色ブドウ球菌はホスファターゼ産生菌であるので、検体中に黄色ブドウ球菌があれば、MUPが分解され、蛍光物質が生成する。ここに365nm付近の紫外線を照射すると青色の蛍光を発する。もし、蛍光分光光度計等で検出するのであれば450nm付近の波長で検出すると良い。
【0012】
本培地に添加されるエリスロマイシンは、検体中の細菌のうちメチシリン感受性菌の増殖を抑制し、メチシリン耐性菌のみを選択的に増殖させるために用いられる。
エリスロマイシンは水溶性でありアルコールに易溶性である。従って5−10%程度のエタノール水溶液で容易に溶解し、それを培地に添加してもエリスロマイシンの析出は起こらない。さらに温度安定性が高く、かつ溶液状態でも安定性が優れている。それ故、本発明に適した選択剤である。
【0013】
(2)具体的に本発明は、培地1Lあたり以下の成分を含むことを特徴とするMRSAスクリーニング用培地である。
【成分3】
(1L)
【0014】
ペプトン、酵母エキスは栄養源として黄色ブドウ球菌の増殖に必要であり、塩化リチウムはブドウ球菌以外の菌に対して増殖抑制効果がある。マンニットは黄色ブドウ球菌により分解され、酸を生成する。フェノールレッドはpH指示薬であり、中性で赤、酸性で黄色の発色を示す。ポリミキシンBはグラム陰性菌及び緑膿菌に対して増殖抑制作用があり、シノキサシンはグラム陰性菌に対して増殖抑制作用があり、アムホテリシンBは真菌に対して増殖抑制作用がある。
【0015】
また寒天は培地の固化に関係し、添加した濃度により培地を液状培地、半流動培地、固形培地(平板)とすることができる。つまり寒天濃度が0〜0.04%(0〜0.4g/L)の時は培地は液状培地となり、寒天濃度が0.05〜0.6%(0.5〜6.0g/L)の時は培地は半流動培地となり、寒天濃度が1〜2%(10.0〜20.0g/L)の時は培地は固形培地となる。
液状培地はマイクロプレート等を用いた微量液体希釈法に有用であり、半流動培地は穿刺培養に適しているので菌の保存や検体の輸送用培地として有用であり、固形培地(寒天平板)は一般的な細菌培養や平板希釈法に有用である。
【0016】
(3)さらに具体的に本発明は、培地1Lあたり以下の成分を含むことを特徴とするMRSAスクリーニング用培地である。
【成分4】
(1L)
【0017】
本培地は寒天量を2−6gとし半流動培地としたので、試験管等に分注して綿棒を挿入して菌を接種しても固すぎて培地が割れてしまうことが無い。それ故、綿棒擦過物を検体として用いることが多いMRSAのスクリーニングに適している。
【0018】
(4)さらに本発明は上記(1)−(3)記載の培地を用いたMRSAのスクリーニング方法でもある。
検体中にMRSAが存在すると、pH指示薬が酸性色を示し、さらに紫外線を当てると蛍光を発することより、容易にMRSAの存在が判定できる。なお、一部の菌ではマンニット分解能を示したり、フォスファターゼ産生能を示すものが存在するが、その両方を示すものはほとんどなく、高い確率で酸性色及び発蛍光を示した菌はMRSAと判断できる。
【0019】
以下、実施例に基づき本発明をさらに詳細に説明する。なお、下記実施例は単に説明のためのものであり、本発明を何ら限定するものではない。
【実施例】
【0020】
実施例1 エリスロマイシン添加量の決定
以下に示す組成の本培地A(液状培地)を調製し、微量液体希釈法でエリスロマシンに対するMICを調べた。
CAMHB培地に食塩、マンニット及びフェノールレッドを加えて溶解し高圧蒸気滅菌(121℃、15分)した。MUP、エリスロマイシンは少量の滅菌精製水に溶解し濾過滅菌(0.45μm)した。約50℃に冷却後、両者を混合し、以下に示す組成の本培地A(液体培地)を調製した。NCCLSの微量液体希釈法及び日本化学療法学会標準法(CHEMOTHERAPY,38(1),102-105,1990 及び CHEMOTHERAPY,41(2),183-189,1993)に準じて操作し、MRSA、MSSA、その他の菌についてエリスロマイシンのMICを測定した。
エリスロマイシンを0−128μg/mL含有する本培地Aの2倍希釈系列を作成し、96穴マイクロプレートに100μLづつ分注した。各ウェルそれぞれに、MRSA(108cfu/mL)、MRSA(104cfu/mL)、MSSA(108cfu/mL)、MSSA(104cfu/mL)、S.epidermidis(108cfu/mL)それぞれ10μLを接種し、35℃で1晩培養し、各菌の発育を見た。結果を表1に示す。なお、発育したMRSAは培地色は黄色であり、暗所で365nmの紫外線を当てると青色の蛍光を発した。MSSA及びS.epidermidis(表皮ブドウ球菌)はエリスロマイシン濃度が0の時のみ発育した。
【0021】
【組成1】
【0022】
結果
【表1】
【0023】
菌数が108cfu/mLのMRSAはエリスロマイシン濃度128μg/mLで発育し、菌数が104cfu/mLのMRSAはエリスロマイシン濃度64μg/mLで発育した。MSSAはエリスロマイシン濃度8μg/mLで発育が抑制された。本発明のスクリーニング培地に用いるエリスロマイシンの濃度は16−64μg/mLが適当であった。
【0024】
実施例2 本培地によるMRSAの検出
以下に示す組成の本培地B(半流動培地)を調製し、試験管に3mLづつ分注し、MRSA、MSSA、その他の社内保存菌を綿棒にて接種し、本培地の性能をしらべた。
ペプトン、酵母エキス、塩化リチウム、塩化ナトリウム、マンニット、フェノールレッド、寒天を精製水約950mLに溶解し、高圧蒸気滅菌した。MUP、エリスロマイシン、ポリミキシンB、シノキサシン、アムホテリシンBを約50mLの滅菌精製水に溶解し、濾過滅菌した。約50℃に冷却後、両者を混合し、直径12mm長さ90mmの試験管に3mLづつ分注し、本培地B(半流動高層培地)を調製した。
MRSA、MSSA、その他の社内保存菌をハートインフュージョン寒天培地で1夜培養し、滅菌生理食塩液で所定の菌濃度に調整した。使用菌株及び濃度は表2に記載した。
次いで各菌液に綿棒(栄研器材(株)製、吸水量約100μL)を浸し、その綿棒を本培地Bに穿刺し、綿棒を培地内に留置したまま密栓して培養した。35℃で20時間培養後、陽性/陰性を判定した。判定は外観(培地色)が赤色から黄色になったものを培地色:陽性、365nmの紫外線照射で蛍光が認められたものを蛍光:陽性と判定した。結果を表2に示す。
【0025】
【組成2】
【0026】
結果
【表2】
【0027】
MRSAでは培地色は黄色になり、蛍光を発光し、どちらも陽性を示した。MSSAはどちらも陰性(−)であった。
その他の菌では培地色・発蛍光のどちらかが陽性(+)を示すことがある。例えば、S.epidermidis(表皮ブドウ球菌)では発蛍光を示すものがあり、E.feacalis(腸球菌)やE.feacium(腸球菌)では培地色が陽性を示すものが認められ、特に接種菌数が高濃度(108cfu/mL)のとき顕著であった。しかし、両方とも陽性を示す菌は無かった。
【0028】
実施例3 本培地によるMRSA検出時間
本培地Bを用い、MRSA接種菌数と陽性となる時間を調べた。菌株はS.aureus MRSA1076を用い、ハートインフュジョン寒天培地で1夜培養後、滅菌生理食塩液で101、102、104、106cfu/mLに調整した。各菌液を綿棒に吸わせて培地に接種した。 35℃で培養し、8時間後〜24時間後まで判定した。結果を表3に示す。
【0029】
結果
【表3】
【0030】
接種菌数が101cfu/mLでは19時間、102cfu/mLでは18時間、104cfu/mLでは13時間で陽性となった。従って101cfu/mLや102cfu/mLといった極少量の接種菌数であっても本培地Bを用いることにより、20時間以下の培養でMRSAの検出が可能であった。
【0031】
実施例4 本培地Bの保存安定性
本培地Bのエリスロマイシン32mg/Lをオキサシリン4mg/Lに変更したオキサシリン培地を作成し、本培地Bとともに冷所に密栓して保存し、本培地の保存安定性を調べた。
本培地Bと本培地Bのエリスロマイシンをオキサシリン4mg/Lに変更したオキサシリン培地を作製した。各培地を4℃に密栓して保存し、0、1ヶ月、3ヶ月、6ヶ月、8ヶ月後にMRSA、MSSA及びその他の菌を接種して保存安定性試験を行った。試験は各菌株をハートインフュージョン寒天培地で1夜培養したものを滅菌生理食塩液でMRSAは102cfu/mLに調整し、他の菌は106cfu/mLに調整した。各菌液を綿棒に吸わせた後培地に接種し、35℃で20時間培養し、外観色と蛍光を測定した。結果を表4、表5に示す。
【0032】
結果
【表4】
【0033】
【表5】
【0034】
エリスロマイシンを含有する本培地Bでは少なくとも6ヶ月間は保存安定性がみられた。オキサシリンを用いた培地では1ヶ月でMSSAが陽性となった。
【0035】
実施例5 鼻腔擦過検体のMRSAスクリーニング及び確認
健常者10名の鼻腔を綿棒で擦過し、本培地B、テルモ社MRSAスクリーニング培地(テルモ培地)を用いて、スクリーニングを行った。さらにMRSA陽性を示した検体はポアメデイアMRSA分離培地(栄研化学株式会社)で釣菌し、次いてフローズンプレート(栄研化学株式会社)にて、オキサシリンに対するMICを測定し、NCCLSの基準に従い、MRSAの判定を行った。結果を表6に示す。
【0036】
【組成3】
テルモ培地はオキサシリンを含む粉末部と滅菌精製水の液体部よりなり、用時に溶解して調製する。MRSAが存在すると培地色が赤色から黄色に変化する。
なお、調製法・使用法はその添付文書に従った。
【0037】
結果
【表6】
【0038】
テルモ培地ではフェノールレッドによる培地色の変化のみでMRSAを分別している。そのため、マンニット分解性の菌が発育すると陽性を示すことがある。
表6では検体2(腸球菌)がそれに当たる。
MRSAと腸球菌はMUPの利用性で鑑別できる。本培地BはMUPを含有しているので発蛍光の有無でMRSAと腸球菌との鑑別が可能である。テルモ培地ではマンニット分解性の腸球菌が発育し陽性を示した。テルモ培地はMUPが入っていないため腸球菌が発育すると区別がつかない。
【0039】
【発明の効果】
選択薬剤として水溶性で安定性に優れたエリスロマイシンを用いたことにより、調製した培地の保存安定性が改善され、調製済みの「生培地」として市場に流通させることが可能になった。また寒天量を増減することにより、液状培地、半流動培地、固形培地とすることが可能であり、本培地の使用者は、培地の用時調製といった面倒な手技から解放され、適当な形状の調製済みの本培地を市場から購入し、それに被検菌を接種するだけの簡単な操作でMRSAのスクリーニングが可能になった。
さらに本培地はフェノールレッドの発色とMUGの発蛍光でダブルチェックするのでMRSA確認の正確度が高く、他の菌の影響を受け難い。さらに短時間でのスクリーニングが可能となり、例えばMRSA106cfu/mLであれば10時間で検出される。
【0040】
本培地を半流動培地として試験管に分注した形(高層培地)で用いると、綿棒擦過検体を培地内に挿入したままで検体の保存・輸送さらには培養(スクリーニング)が可能となり、広い用途で使用可能となる。また綿棒擦過検体は培地に挿入されたまま培養され、培養後は滅菌処理後に廃棄されるので衛生的である。
本発明は、綿棒で被検体を拭うだけの簡単な操作で、短時間でかつ正確にMRSAを検出でき、院内感染・日和見感染等を早期に発見でき、その早期の治療や予防に有用である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a medium that can easily detect (screen) the presence or absence of staphylococci exhibiting multidrug resistance, that is, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), from a subject in which a plurality of bacteria are present in a mixture.
In the present invention, the following abbreviations may be used.
[0002]
[Abbreviation Table]
MRSA: Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
MSSA: Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus
MUP: 4-Methyl-Umbelliferyl Phosphate
CAMHB: Cation Adjusted Mueller Hinton Broth
NCCLS: National Commitee for Clinical Laboratory Standards
MIC: Minimum Inhibitory Concentration
[0003]
[Prior art]
In recent years, nosocomial infection has become an important problem clinically, and MRSA that has acquired multidrug resistance has attracted attention as a causative agent of nosocomial infections. MRSA is a bacterium that is usually resident in the nasal cavity and pharynx, or in the surrounding environment such as the floor or wall. Serious symptoms will occur if a patient with cancer, immune deficiency, or a patient with reduced postoperative resistance is infected through a carrier who owns it or through contact with the surrounding environment. There is.
Therefore, if the condition of the surrounding environment such as the carrier and the floor can be easily grasped or screened in advance, the nasal cavity and pharynx of the carrier can be disinfected or the contact between the carrier and the patient can be reduced. Measures such as disinfection of the environment can be taken to contribute to prevention of infection transmission.
[0004]
In response to these problems, for example, when it is attempted to check whether MRSA is present in a sample obtained from the surrounding environment such as the nasal cavity, pharynx, or wall / floor of medical personnel, Contains a variety of bacteria including S. aureus which is not MRSA. Even when selective separation culture is performed, the amount of bacteria to be detected may be small. Therefore, it is important to provide a medium for detection that can cultivate the target bacteria (MRSA) even at a low concentration and can easily detect the presence or absence of growth.
In order to confirm whether MRSA is present in a specimen, MRSA can be selectively screened using a specimen (scratched article) or the like obtained by wiping the nasal cavity or pharynx of a MRSA carrier with a cotton swab or the like. Inoculate the medium and incubate to determine. In addition, since the target bacteria do not necessarily contain a large amount of the target bacteria, it is necessary that the test medium be a medium that can be cultivated even with the lowest possible target bacteria.
[0005]
As media for culturing and detecting this MRSA, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 05-227992, 06-178696, 06-233696, and 07-000181 have already been filed. Commercially available products include Terumo MRSA screening medium and Corona Giken ST tube MRSA. However, these media use oxacillin or ceftizoxime as a selective agent, and since these drugs are not stable in the solution state, they are not added directly to the medium and are supplied as dry filter paper (disc). The powder medium part and the liquid medium part are supplied separately in two parts and are prepared at the time of use, and are not easy to use. Moreover, the storage stability after preparation is also poor.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a screening medium capable of accurately and quickly detecting whether MRSA is present in a specimen by a simple operation.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In this situation, the present inventor found that MRSA and MSSA can be separated by using erythromycin, and as a result of diligent efforts, the present invention was completed.
[0008]
That is, the present invention
(1) A medium for MRSA screening characterized by adding salt, one or more saccharides that are decomposed by Staphylococcus aureus to produce an acid, a pH indicator, MUP, and erythromycin to a medium in which Staphylococcus aureus can grow. It is.
[0009]
Examples of the medium in which Staphylococcus aureus can be cultured include heart infusion medium, tryptosoy medium, mannitol salt medium, egg yolk salt medium, Stahirococcus No. 110 medium, etc. Any medium can be used in the present invention.
[0010]
Salt has the effect of inhibiting the growth of non-salt tolerant bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus can grow in a medium containing a high concentration of sodium chloride, but other bacteria cannot grow.
Mannitol, trehalose, salicin and the like are known as sugars that are decomposed by Staphylococcus aureus to generate an acid. Among them, mannitol is suitable for the present invention. Mannitol is fermentatively decomposed by Staphylococcus aureus to produce an acid. This mannitol fermentation resolution is the specific property of Staphylococcus aureus. In the present invention, utilizing the fact that acid is generated by decomposition of mannitol and the pH of the medium is lowered, the pH drop is detected by a pH indicator.
As the pH indicator, indicators having different colors in the neutral range and acidic range, for example, phenol red and bromcresol purple are preferable in the present invention.
[0011]
MUP is a fluorescent substrate that is decomposed by phosphatase to produce 4-methylumbelliferone (fluorescent substance). Since Staphylococcus aureus is a phosphatase-producing bacterium, if there is Staphylococcus aureus in the sample, MUP is decomposed and a fluorescent substance is generated. When this is irradiated with ultraviolet rays of around 365 nm, blue fluorescence is emitted. If it is detected by a fluorescence spectrophotometer or the like, it may be detected at a wavelength around 450 nm.
[0012]
Erythromycin added to the medium is used to suppress the growth of methicillin-sensitive bacteria among the bacteria in the specimen and to selectively grow only methicillin-resistant bacteria.
Erythromycin is water soluble and readily soluble in alcohol. Therefore, even if it dissolves easily in an aqueous ethanol solution of about 5-10% and it is added to the medium, no precipitation of erythromycin occurs. Furthermore, the temperature stability is high and the stability is excellent even in a solution state. Therefore, it is a selective agent suitable for the present invention.
[0013]
(2) Specifically, the present invention is an MRSA screening medium characterized by containing the following components per liter of the medium.
[Ingredient 3]
(1L)
[0014]
Peptone and yeast extract are necessary for the growth of Staphylococcus aureus as a nutrient source, and lithium chloride has a growth inhibitory effect on bacteria other than staphylococci. Mannit is broken down by Staphylococcus aureus and produces acid. Phenol red is a pH indicator and shows neutral red and acidic yellow color. Polymyxin B has a growth inhibitory action against Gram-negative bacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Synoxacin has a growth inhibitory action against Gram-negative bacteria, and amphotericin B has a growth inhibitory action against fungi.
[0015]
Agar is related to the solidification of the medium, and the medium can be a liquid medium, a semi-fluid medium, or a solid medium (flat plate) depending on the added concentration. In other words, when the agar concentration is 0 to 0.04% (0 to 0.4 g / L), the medium becomes a liquid medium, and the agar concentration is 0.05 to 0.6% (0.5 to 6.0 g / L). In this case, the medium is a semi-fluid medium, and when the agar concentration is 1-2% (10.0-20.0 g / L), the medium is a solid medium.
The liquid medium is useful for micro liquid dilution methods using microplates and the like, and the semi-fluid medium is suitable for puncture culture, so it is useful as a medium for storing bacteria and transporting specimens. The solid medium (agar plate) It is useful for general bacterial culture and plate dilution method.
[0016]
(3) More specifically, the present invention is an MRSA screening medium characterized by containing the following components per liter of the medium.
[Component 4]
(1L)
[0017]
Since this medium was a semi-fluid medium with an agar amount of 2-6 g, even if it was dispensed into a test tube or the like and a cotton swab was inserted to inoculate the bacteria, it would not be too hard to break the medium. Therefore, it is suitable for screening of MRSA which often uses a cotton swab scrape as a specimen.
[0018]
(4) The present invention is also a method for screening for MRSA using the medium described in (1)-(3) above.
When MRSA is present in the sample, the pH indicator shows an acidic color, and when UV light is further applied, it emits fluorescence, so that the presence of MRSA can be easily determined. Some bacteria show mannitol resolution and phosphatase production ability, but there are few that show both, and bacteria that show acidic color and fluorescence with high probability are determined to be MRSA. it can.
[0019]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail based on examples. It should be noted that the following examples are merely illustrative and do not limit the present invention.
【Example】
[0020]
Example 1 Determination of Erythromycin Addition A main medium A (liquid medium) having the following composition was prepared, and MIC against erythromachine was examined by a micro liquid dilution method.
Sodium chloride, mannitol and phenol red were added to the CAMHB medium and dissolved, followed by high-pressure steam sterilization (121 ° C., 15 minutes). MUP and erythromycin were dissolved in a small amount of sterile purified water and sterilized by filtration (0.45 μm). After cooling to about 50 ° C., both were mixed to prepare a main medium A (liquid medium) having the composition shown below. Operated according to NCCLS micro liquid dilution method and Japanese Chemotherapy Standard Method (CHEMOTHERAPY, 38 (1), 102-105,1990 and CHEMOTHERAPY, 41 (2), 183-189,1993), MRSA, MSSA, The MIC of erythromycin was measured for other bacteria.
A 2-fold dilution series of this medium A containing 0-128 μg / mL of erythromycin was prepared and dispensed in 100 μL aliquots into a 96-well microplate. In each well, MRSA (10 8 cfu / mL), MRSA (10 4 cfu / mL), MSSA (10 8 cfu / mL), MSSA (10 4 cfu / mL), S. epidermidis (10 8 cfu / mL) ) 10 μL of each was inoculated and cultured overnight at 35 ° C. to observe the growth of each bacterium. The results are shown in Table 1. The grown MRSA had a medium color of yellow and emitted blue fluorescence when exposed to 365 nm ultraviolet light in the dark. MSSA and S. epidermidis (Staphylococcus epidermidis) grew only when the erythromycin concentration was zero.
[0021]
[Composition 1]
[0022]
Results [Table 1]
[0023]
MRSA with a bacterial count of 10 8 cfu / mL grew at an erythromycin concentration of 128 μg / mL, and MRSA with a bacterial count of 10 4 cfu / mL grew at an erythromycin concentration of 64 μg / mL. MSSA was inhibited from growth at an erythromycin concentration of 8 μg / mL. The concentration of erythromycin used in the screening medium of the present invention was suitably 16-64 μg / mL.
[0024]
Example 2 Detection of MRSA with this medium Prepare this medium B (semi-fluid medium) with the composition shown below, dispense 3 mL each into a test tube, and inoculate MRSA, MSSA, and other in-house stored bacteria with a cotton swab. The performance of this medium was examined.
Peptone, yeast extract, lithium chloride, sodium chloride, mannitol, phenol red and agar were dissolved in about 950 mL of purified water and autoclaved. MUP, erythromycin, polymyxin B, sinoxacin, and amphotericin B were dissolved in about 50 mL of sterilized purified water and sterilized by filtration. After cooling to about 50 ° C., both were mixed, and 3 mL was dispensed into a test tube having a diameter of 12 mm and a length of 90 mm to prepare main medium B (semi-fluid high-layer medium).
MRSA, MSSA and other in-house stored bacteria were cultured overnight on a heart infusion agar medium, and adjusted to a predetermined bacterial concentration with sterile physiological saline. The strains used and the concentrations are listed in Table 2.
Next, a cotton swab (Eiken Equipment Co., Ltd., water absorption: about 100 μL) was immersed in each bacterial solution, the cotton swab was punctured into the medium B, and the cotton swab was left in the medium and sealed and cultured. After culturing at 35 ° C. for 20 hours, positive / negative was determined. The determination was that the appearance (medium color) changed from red to yellow was determined as medium color: positive, and the fluorescence observed upon irradiation with ultraviolet light at 365 nm was determined as fluorescence: positive. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0025]
[Composition 2]
[0026]
Results [Table 2]
[0027]
In MRSA, the medium color was yellow and emitted fluorescence, both of which were positive. Both MSSAs were negative (-).
For other bacteria, either medium color or fluorescence may be positive (+). For example, S. epidermidis (Staphylococcus epidermidis) shows fluorescence, while E.feacalis (enterococci) and E.feacium (enterococci) show positive media color, especially the number of inoculated bacteria Was prominent when the concentration was high (10 8 cfu / mL). However, there were no bacteria that were both positive.
[0028]
Example 3 MRSA detection time with this medium Using this medium B, the number of MRSA-inoculated bacteria and the time to be positive were examined. The strain was S. aureus MRSA1076, which was cultured overnight on a heart infusion agar medium and then adjusted to 10 1 , 10 2 , 10 4 , 10 6 cfu / mL with sterile physiological saline. Each bacterial solution was sucked into a cotton swab and inoculated into the medium. The culture was performed at 35 ° C., and the determination was made after 8 to 24 hours. The results are shown in Table 3.
[0029]
Results [Table 3]
[0030]
When the number of inoculated bacteria was 10 1 cfu / mL, 19 hours and 10 2 cfu / mL were 18 hours, and 10 4 cfu / mL was positive at 13 hours. Therefore, even when the number of inoculated bacteria was as small as 10 1 cfu / mL or 10 2 cfu / mL, MRSA could be detected by culturing for 20 hours or less by using this medium B.
[0031]
Example 4 Storage stability of this medium B Oxacillin medium prepared by changing erythromycin 32 mg / L of this medium B to oxacillin 4 mg / L is stored together with this medium B in a tightly sealed place and stored. I examined the sex.
An oxacillin medium in which the medium B and the erythromycin of the medium B were changed to oxacillin 4 mg / L was prepared. Each medium was sealed at 4 ° C. and stored, and after 0, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 8 months, MRSA, MSSA and other bacteria were inoculated and a storage stability test was performed. In the test, each strain was cultured overnight on a heart infusion agar medium, MRSA was adjusted to 10 2 cfu / mL with sterile physiological saline, and other bacteria were adjusted to 10 6 cfu / mL. Each bacterial solution was sucked into a cotton swab and then inoculated into the medium, cultured at 35 ° C. for 20 hours, and the appearance color and fluorescence were measured. The results are shown in Tables 4 and 5.
[0032]
Results [Table 4]
[0033]
[Table 5]
[0034]
In this medium B containing erythromycin, storage stability was observed for at least 6 months. In a medium using oxacillin, MSSA became positive in one month.
[0035]
Example 5 MRSA Screening and Confirmation of Nasal Abraded Specimens The nasal cavity of 10 healthy subjects was abraded with a cotton swab and screened using this medium B and Terumo MRSA screening medium (Terumo medium). Furthermore, the specimen showing MRSA positivity was fished with Poremedia MRSA separation medium (Eiken Chemical Co., Ltd.), and then the MIC for oxacillin was measured with a frozen plate (Eiken Chemical Co., Ltd.). MRSA was determined. The results are shown in Table 6.
[0036]
[Composition 3]
The Terumo medium consists of a powder part containing oxacillin and a liquid part of sterilized purified water, and is prepared by dissolving at the time of use. In the presence of MRSA, the medium color changes from red to yellow.
In addition, the preparation method and the usage method followed the attached document.
[0037]
Results [Table 6]
[0038]
In Terumo medium, MRSA is separated only by the change in medium color due to phenol red. Therefore, it may be positive when mannitol-degrading bacteria grow.
In Table 6, specimen 2 (enterococcus) corresponds to this.
MRSA and enterococci can be distinguished by the availability of MUP. Since this medium B contains MUP, MRSA can be differentiated from enterococci with or without fluorescence. In Terumo medium, mannitol-degrading enterococci grew and showed positive results. Since Terumo medium does not contain MUP, it cannot be distinguished when enterococci develop.
[0039]
【The invention's effect】
By using erythromycin which is water-soluble and excellent in stability as a selective agent, the storage stability of the prepared medium has been improved, and it has become possible to distribute it to the market as a prepared “raw medium”. In addition, by increasing or decreasing the amount of agar, it is possible to make liquid medium, semi-fluid medium, solid medium, and users of this medium are freed from troublesome procedures such as preparation of the medium at the time of use, and have an appropriate shape. MRSA can be screened with a simple operation by simply purchasing the prepared medium from the market and inoculating it with the test bacteria.
Furthermore, since this medium is double-checked by the color development of phenol red and the fluorescence of MUG, the accuracy of MRSA confirmation is high and hardly affected by other bacteria. Furthermore, screening in a short time becomes possible. For example, MRSA 10 6 cfu / mL can be detected in 10 hours.
[0040]
When this medium is used as a semi-fluid medium and dispensed into a test tube (high-layer medium), the sample can be stored, transported, and cultured (screened) while the swab-rubbed sample is inserted into the medium. Can be used. Further, the swab scraping specimen is cultivated while being inserted into the medium, and after the cultivation, it is discarded after sterilization treatment, which is hygienic.
The present invention can detect MRSA accurately in a short time and with a simple operation of simply wiping a subject with a cotton swab, and can detect nosocomial infections and opportunistic infections at an early stage, and is useful for early treatment and prevention. .
Claims (3)
【成分1】
(1L)
──────────────────────
ペプトン 8−12g
酵母エキス 3−5g
塩化リチウム 4−6g
塩化ナトリウム 8−12g
マンニット 8−12g
フェノールレッド 20−40mg
MUP 100−200mg
エリスロマイシン 20−40mg
ポリミキシンB 10−30mg
アムホテリシンB 1−3mg
寒天 2−6g
──────────────────────
pH7.3±0.3MRSA screening medium characterized by containing the following components per liter of semi-fluid medium [Component 1]
(1L)
──────────────────────
Peptone 8-12g
Yeast extract 3-5g
Lithium chloride 4-6g
Sodium chloride 8-12g
Man knit 8-12g
Phenol red 20-40mg
MUP 100-200mg
Erythromycin 20-40mg
Polymyxin B 10-30mg
Amphotericin B 1-3mg
Agar 2-6g
──────────────────────
pH 7.3 ± 0.3
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| JP2000221793A JP4583559B2 (en) | 2000-07-24 | 2000-07-24 | Medium for MRSA screening |
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| JP4632755B2 (en) * | 2004-11-15 | 2011-02-16 | プリマハム株式会社 | Semi-fluid medium for detection of lactic acid bacteria |
| GB0814099D0 (en) * | 2008-08-01 | 2008-09-10 | Oxoid Ltd | Method of screening for pathogens |
| JP6643758B2 (en) * | 2013-05-22 | 2020-02-12 | スペロ・セラピューティクス・インコーポレーテッド | Polymyxin derivatives and their use in combination therapy with different antibiotics |
| CN109251957A (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2019-01-22 | 长春理工大学 | Staphylococcus aureus selective coloration culture medium testing piece |
| CN114703110B (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2024-01-26 | 广东省科学院微生物研究所(广东省微生物分析检测中心) | A medium and method for inducing acetic acid bacteria to enter VBNC state |
| CN115232856B (en) * | 2022-07-27 | 2024-06-21 | 河南省健康元生物医药研究院有限公司 | A high-throughput screening method for Acremonium chrysogenum based on solid fermentation |
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| JP2548267B2 (en) * | 1988-01-06 | 1996-10-30 | 第一製薬株式会社 | Infectious disease agent |
| JPH06253892A (en) * | 1993-03-08 | 1994-09-13 | Kazuyuki Sugawara | Agar medium and detection of antibacterial agent resistant strain and selection test of effective antibacterial agent using the agar medium |
| JPH07303477A (en) * | 1994-03-14 | 1995-11-21 | Fumiaki Taguchi | Culture medium for proliferating, preserving and classifying medicine resistant bacteria |
| JPH07308184A (en) * | 1994-05-16 | 1995-11-28 | Nippon Millipore Kk | Simple detection device for resistant bacteria |
| JPH09132532A (en) * | 1995-09-06 | 1997-05-20 | Mitsui Norin Kk | Method of enhancing antibacterial activity of antibiotics |
| US6503709B1 (en) * | 1997-07-03 | 2003-01-07 | Id Biomedical Corporation | Methods for rapidly detecting methicillin resistant staphylococci |
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