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JP4589098B2 - モジュール式関節インプラント及びモジュール式股関節インプラント - Google Patents
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JP4589098B2 - モジュール式関節インプラント及びモジュール式股関節インプラント - Google Patents

モジュール式関節インプラント及びモジュール式股関節インプラント Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4589098B2
JP4589098B2 JP2004366056A JP2004366056A JP4589098B2 JP 4589098 B2 JP4589098 B2 JP 4589098B2 JP 2004366056 A JP2004366056 A JP 2004366056A JP 2004366056 A JP2004366056 A JP 2004366056A JP 4589098 B2 JP4589098 B2 JP 4589098B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
male
female
modular implant
joint
wall
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Expired - Fee Related
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JP2004366056A
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JP2005193022A5 (ja
JP2005193022A (ja
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エヌ.ギルバートソン レスリー
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ジンマー テクノロジー,インコーポレイティド
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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)

Description

本発明は、モジュール式関節インプラントに関する。
苦痛を低減させ機能を改善させるために、ほ乳類の体の様々な部分を置換又は強化するための医療用インプラントが利用され、満足な結果を得てきた。例えば、疾患及び/又は外傷により損傷を受けた骨及び関節の各部分を置換するための整形外科インプラントは、多くの場合、苦痛を除去し且つ/又は運動性を増加させる。股関節用、膝関節用、肩関節用、足関節(足首)用、肘関節用、手関節(手首)用、手及び足の指用、椎体用、椎間板用、及び他の骨及び関節用の整形外科インプラントがすでに開発されている。多くの医療用インプラントは、組み合わせて特定の患者の条件に適合させた一つのインプラントを形成することができる複数の分離したモジュール式コンポーネントとしてこれを提供することによってより融通性が効くようにされている。
このようなモジュール式のコンポーネントが供給される場合には、これらを互いに取り付けるための手段が提供される。
本発明の目的は、上記取り付けるための手段を改良することにある。
本発明は、モジュール式インプラントコンポーネントの接合部を提供する。
本発明の一つの態様では、モジュール式関節インプラントは、第1の関節コンポーネントと第2の関節コンポーネントとの間の雄雌式接合部を含む。第1の関節コンポーネントは、長手方向接合軸線と孔開口部とを有する内孔を含む。第2の関節コンポーネントは、雄雌式着座配置で内孔と係合可能な突出部を含む。孔開口部の第1の部分は、孔開口部の第2の部分に対して軸線方向にオフセット配置されている。
本発明の他の態様では、上記第1の部分は内孔を取り囲む壁の剛性を増加させる方向にオフセット配置されている。
本発明の他の態様では、上記第1の部分は壁の厚さを増加させる方向にオフセット配置されている。
本発明の他の態様では、上記第1の部分は、インプラントに負荷がかけられたときに通常引っ張られた状態になるインプラントの側がオフセットされている。
本発明の他の態様では、モジュール式関節インプラントは、使用時に主に圧縮された状態になる圧縮側と使用時に主に引っ張られた状態になる引っ張り側とを有する雄雌式接合部を含む。インプラントは、孔開口部と雄雌式接合部の雌側を形成する内側表面とを有する内孔を含んだ第1のコンポーネントを含んでいる。第1のコンポーネントは、外側表面をさらに含んでいる。内側表面及び外側表面は、その間に所定の壁厚を有した壁を規定する。インプラントの引っ張られる側の壁は、インプラントの圧縮される側の壁よりも厚い。
本発明の他の態様では、モジュール式関節インプラントは、使用時に主に圧縮された状態になる圧縮側と使用時に主に引っ張られた状態になる引っ張り側とを有する雄雌式接合部を含む。インプラントは、孔開口部と雄雌式接合部の雌側を形成する内側表面とを有する内孔を含んだ第1のコンポーネントを含んでいる。内孔において、インプラントの引っ張られる側に位置する側が、インプラントの圧縮される側に位置する内孔の側に対して軸線方向に移動させられている。
添付図面を参照して、本発明の様々な実施形態を説明する。これら図面は、本発明の例示のための実施形態を示しているに過ぎず、本発明の範囲を制限するものとみなされるべきではない。
モジュール式インプラント用の接合部の実施形態は、身体全体で使用される様々なインプラントに適用可能である。本発明を例示するために、大腿骨側股関節ステムが使用されている。しかしながら、本発明は、股関節、膝関節、肩関節、足関節(足首)、肘関節、手関節(手首)、手及び足の指、椎体、及び椎間板用の整形外科インプラントや他の適したインプラントを含む様々な他のインプラントにも適用され得る。
図1及び図2は、負傷又は疾患により損傷を受けた股関節部の大腿骨の近位骨頭及び頸部を置換するためのモジュール式大腿骨側股関節インプラント10を示している。使用の際には、近位骨頭及び頸部が外科手術により除去され、大腿骨側股関節インプラント10が近位大腿骨に挿入される。大腿骨側股関節インプラント10は、示されているように別個のモジュール式コンポーネントとすることができる大腿骨骨頭12を支持する。任意選択として、大腿骨骨頭12は、大腿骨側股関節インプラントと一体的に形成することができる。寛骨臼コンポーネント14は、骨盤の寛骨臼に移植され、大腿骨骨頭12と関節式に接合することができる。任意選択として、大腿骨骨頭12は、生来の寛骨臼と関節式に接合することも可能である。大腿骨側股関節インプラント10は、内側面16と、外側面18とを有する。患者が、起立や歩行又は他の行動によって、関節に負荷をかけたとき、力が骨頭12を通して大腿骨側股関節インプラント10に伝達される。これらの力は曲げモーメントを生じさせ、この曲げモーメントが大腿骨側股関節インプラントの内側面16を圧縮された状態にし且つ外側面18を引っ張られた状態にする傾向を有する。
大腿骨側股関節インプラント10は、近位本体20やステム22のような複数のモジュール式コンポーネントを含むことができる。近位本体20は、上端部24と、下端部26とを有する。上端部24から頸部28が内側上方に向けて延び、寛骨臼コンポーネント14と関節接合するための大腿骨骨頭12を支持する。近位本体20及びステム22は、これらを互いにつなぎ合わせるための雄雌式接合部を含む。例示されている実施形態では、接合部の雌側が近位本体20に示されており、接合部の雄側がステム22上に示されている。雄部分及び雌部分は、逆にし得ることも企図されており、それでもなお本発明の範囲内である。近位本体20は、孔開口部32と雄雌式接合部の雌側を形成する内側表面34とを有した内孔30(図2)を含んでいる。内孔30は長手方向接合軸線36を有している。近位本体20は、内孔30の内側表面34から離間して設けられた外側表面38を有している。外側表面38と内側表面34はその間に壁40を規定している。壁40の壁厚42は、一定であってもよく、図2に示されているように、孔開口部32から上端部24に向かって増加していてもよい。壁厚の増加は、内孔が例示の実施形態のように孔開口部32から上端部24に向かって狭くなっていくように内孔をテーパ状にすることによって達成することができる。テーパ状の内孔は、当該技術分野において公知となっているように、自己ロックするように形成されることも可能である。
ステム22は、下端部44と、上端部46とを含んでいる。下端部44は、患者の大腿骨の髄内腔に挿入するのに適するように構成されている。上端部46は、雄雌式接合部の雄側を形成する外側表面50を有した突出部48を含んでいる。突出部48は、接合軸線36に沿った雄雌式着座配置で内孔30と係合可能である。ねじ部付きスタッド33が突出部48から延びており、近位本体20に形成された端ぐり孔35に受容されている。ナット37がスタッド33に螺着され、雄雌式接合部をしっかりと確実に留める。
大腿骨側股関節インプラント10に負荷が加えられたとき、近位本体20及びステム22の内側面は圧縮された状態にされ、近位本体20及びステム22の外側面は引っ張られた状態にされる。雄雌式接合部の領域における近位本体20及びステム22の曲げ剛性の違いに起因して、内孔の壁40は、突出部48の外側表面に対して移動し得る。周期的な負荷は、内孔30の内側表面34と突出部48の外側表面50との間のフレッチングにつながり得る。これは、引張力が疲労割れを生じさせ広がらせ得ることから、引っ張り側で一層問題となり得る。
フレッチング運動の大きさは、接合部の雄部と雌部の相対的剛性に関係する。内孔30の開口部32における相対的運動は接合部の全長に沿った相対的運動の集積したものである。この集積した相対的運動は、接合部の引っ張り側における相対的運動の集積に関わる長さを減少させることによって減少され得る。しかしながら、接合部を単に短くすることは効果がない。というのは、これは、このように短くされた接合部が終端する直径がより短くなった雄部の断面においてより高い応力を生じさせることになるからである。しかしながら、引っ張り側のみを短くすれば、圧縮側は今まで通り支持され、引っ張り側の端部における引っ張り応力は僅かに増加するだけである一方、相対的なフレッチング運動は大幅に減少する。例示の実施形態では、孔開口部32の外側部分52は、内側部分54に対して軸線方向上方にオフセットされた位置に配置されている。このオフセットされた部分、すなわち除去された部分52は、外側部分52に階段状に上方に向かって切り込みを入れることによって、又は孔開口部32が接合軸線36に対して斜めになるように外側に上り傾斜を付けることによって、若しくは他の適した形状に孔開口部を形成することによって、作成され得る。
雄雌式接合部におけるフレッチングは、雄雌式接合部の雄側及び雌側の剛性を良好な状態に釣り合わせることによっても減少させることができる。本願発明の発明者は、雄側と雌側の剛性をより良好に釣り合わせるための一つの方法がインプラント10の引っ張り側において孔開口部32に隣接する内孔壁40の剛性を増加させることであることを見出した。剛性の増加は、曲げ慣性モーメントを増加させるように孔開口部32に隣接する部分において近位本体20の外径を増加させて接合軸線36から半径方向に離れる方向に材料を移動させることによってなされ得る。この剛性の増加は、近位本体20と突出部48の接合部において近位本体20の壁厚を増加させることによってもなされ得る。例示の実施形態では、内孔30は、内孔30が近位側に向かって細くなり且つ壁厚42が近位側に向かって増加するようにテーパ状になっている。内側部分54に対して軸線方向上方に孔開口部32の外側部分52をオフセット配置することによって、孔開口部32の外側18の壁厚は増加させられる。このオフセット配置にされた部分、すなわち除去された部分52は、図示されているように孔開口部32が接合軸線36に対して斜めになるように外側に上り傾斜を付けるさことによって、又は外側部分52に階段状に上方に向かって切り込みを入れることによって、若しくは他の適した形状に孔開口部を形成することによって、作成され得る。例示の実施形態では、接合部の雄側を形成する突出部48は上方に向かって細くなっている。よって、外側52を上方に移動させることにより、突出部48の剛性が減少した領域に外側境界面を移動させて、雄部と雌部の剛性を外側においてさらに釣り合うようにさせることにもなる。最後に、接合部の内側、前側及び後側を下方に延ばさせたままで外側を上方に移動させることによって、外側の疲労特性は改善される一方、雄部と雌部の境界面全体は比較的大きい状態に保たれ、その間の強固な係合を容易にさせる。
内孔壁40の剛性を増加させるための他の手法は、図3に示されているように、突出部48から内孔壁を離れる方向にオフセットさせるように接合部の引っ張り側においてのみ内孔30を拡大させることである。これは、上述したように軸線方向上向きに引っ張り側を移動させるのと同じ効果を有する。接合部の雄側と雌側の剛性をより十分に釣り合わせる他の手法を使用することも可能であり、本発明の範囲内であるとみなされる。
以上は本発明の例示の実施形態を説明したものであるが、特許請求の範囲の記載によって規定される本発明の精神及び範囲から逸脱することなくこれら実施形態に変更を加え得ることは当業者に理解されるであろう。
本発明によるモジュール式インプラント接合部の組立分解斜視図である。 図1のモジュール式インプラント接合部の側断面図である。 本発明のモジュール式インプラント接合部の外側部の任意選択形態の側断面図である。
符号の説明
10 モジュール式大腿骨側股関節インプラント
12 大腿骨骨頭
14 寛骨臼コンポーネント
16 内側面
18 外側面
20 近位本体
22 ステム
24 上端部
26 下端部
28 頸部
30 内孔
32 孔開口部
34 内側表面
36 接合軸線
38 外側表面
40 壁
42 壁厚
44 下端部
46 上端部
48 突出部
50 外側表面
52 オフセット部分
54 内側部分

Claims (8)

  1. 股関節に隣接して大腿骨に挿入するためのモジュール式インプラントであって、
    端部と、端部と、内側面と、外側面と、前記上端部に隣接して形成された頸部と、前記下端部に形成された内孔とを有し、該内孔が孔開口部と雄雌式接合部の雌側を形成する内側表面と長手方向接合軸線とを有する近位本体コンポーネントと、
    前記近位本体コンポーネントに係合するための第1の端部と、前記大腿骨に挿入するための第2の端部と、前記第1の端部に形成された突出部とを有し、該突出部が雄雌式接合部の雄側を形成する外側表面を有し且つ前記接合軸線に沿って雄雌式着座配置で前記内孔と係合可能であるステムコンポーネントと、
    を備え、前記雄側と前記雌側が前記孔開口部に隣接する部分で互いに接触するようになっており、前記孔開口部に隣接する前記外側面における前記雄側と前記雌側との接触部が、前記孔開口部に隣接する前記内側面における前記雄側と前記雌側との接触部に対して長手方向に前記上端部に向かってオフセット配置されている、モジュール式インプラント。
  2. 前記内孔及び前記突出部は互いに対して相補的なテーパ部を形成し、該テーパ部は前記第2の端部から前記第1の端部に向かって狭くなっている、請求項1に記載のモジュール式インプラント。
  3. 前記近位本体コンポーネントは前記内孔の前記内側表面から離間して設けられた外側表面を有し、前記内側表面及び前記外側表面が該内側表面と該外側表面との間に壁を規定し、前記内孔のテーパ部が前記接合軸線と概略平行な方向で前記孔開口部から前記上端部に向かうにしたがい、前記下端部と前記上端部との間の壁の一部において前記壁の厚さが増加して、前記孔開口部に隣接する前記外側面における前記雄側と前記雌側との接触部が前記壁の厚さを増加させる方向にオフセット配置されるようになっている、請求項1に記載のモジュール式インプラント。
  4. 前記モジュール式インプラントは、前記近位本体コンポーネントの前記頸部に支持された大腿骨骨頭コンポーネントと、該大腿骨骨頭コンポーネントと係合可能な寛骨臼コンポーネントとをさらに備える、請求項1に記載のモジュール式インプラント。
  5. 前記孔開口部は前記接合軸線に対して斜めになっている、請求項1に記載のモジュール式インプラント。
  6. 前記モジュール式インプラントは、関節荷重受容ヘッドをさらに備えており、前記内側面が使用の際に概略圧縮された状態になり且つ前記外側面が使用の際に概略引っ張られた状態になり、前記孔開口部に隣接する前記雄側と前記雌側との接触部が前記モジュール式インプラントの引っ張り側において長手方向に前記上端部に向かってオフセット配置されるようになっている、請求項1に記載のモジュール式インプラント。
  7. 前記近位本体コンポーネントは、前記内孔の前記内側表面から離間して設けられた外側表面を有し、前記内側表面及び前記外側表面が該内側表面と該外側表面との間に壁を規定し、前記下端部と前記上端部との間の壁の一部において前記壁の剛性が前記接合軸線と概略平行な方向に増加していると共に、前記突出部がさらに剛性を有しており、前記孔開口部に隣接する前記外側面における前記雄側と前記雌側との接触部が前記壁の剛性を増加させる方向にオフセット配置されるようになっている、請求項1に記載のモジュール式インプラント。
  8. 前記外側面に隣接する前記孔開口部が前記突出部から半径方向に離れる方向にオフセット配置されている、請求項1に記載のモジュール式インプラント。
JP2004366056A 2003-12-27 2004-12-17 モジュール式関節インプラント及びモジュール式股関節インプラント Expired - Fee Related JP4589098B2 (ja)

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