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JP4589672B2 - X-ray CT apparatus and X-ray filter - Google Patents
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JP4589672B2 - X-ray CT apparatus and X-ray filter - Google Patents

X-ray CT apparatus and X-ray filter Download PDF

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JP4589672B2
JP4589672B2 JP2004219143A JP2004219143A JP4589672B2 JP 4589672 B2 JP4589672 B2 JP 4589672B2 JP 2004219143 A JP2004219143 A JP 2004219143A JP 2004219143 A JP2004219143 A JP 2004219143A JP 4589672 B2 JP4589672 B2 JP 4589672B2
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ray
exit window
filter
window
subject
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宗治 宮下
和行 近藤
美和 奥村
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Toshiba Corp
Canon Medical Systems Corp
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Description

本発明は、X線CT(Computed Tomography)装置と、このX線CT装置における被曝低減のために使用されるX線フィルタに関する。   The present invention relates to an X-ray CT (Computed Tomography) apparatus and an X-ray filter used for reducing exposure in the X-ray CT apparatus.

X線CT(Computed Tomography)装置において特定の部位の被曝を低減するための技術としては、モジュレーション制御が知られている。モジュレーション制御は、X線管の位置に応じて、このX線管が放出するX線量を変化させる。従ってモジュレーション制御により、被検体の眼球への被曝を低減することが可能である。   Modulation control is known as a technique for reducing exposure of a specific part in an X-ray CT (Computed Tomography) apparatus. The modulation control changes the X-ray dose emitted by the X-ray tube according to the position of the X-ray tube. Therefore, the exposure of the subject to the eyeball can be reduced by the modulation control.

被検体の眼球への被曝を低減するより簡易な技術としては、X線を防ぐシートにより被検体の眼球を覆うことが知られている。
特開2003−79611
As a simpler technique for reducing the exposure of the subject to the eyeball, it is known to cover the eyeball of the subject with a sheet that prevents X-rays.
JP 2003-79611 A

しかしながらモジュレーション制御は、X線の放出量を安定的に変化させるための高度な制御が必要であり、そのための複雑な構成を必要とする。   However, the modulation control requires high-level control for stably changing the amount of X-ray emission, and requires a complicated configuration.

また、被検体の眼球をシートで覆うことは、被験者の精神的な負担を増加させることになってしまう。   Moreover, covering the eyeball of the subject with a sheet increases the mental burden on the subject.

本発明はこのような事情を考慮してなされたものであり、その目的とするところは、簡易に、しかも被験者の負担を増加することもなしに、眼球への被曝を低減することを可能とすることにある。 The present invention has been made in consideration of the above situation, and has as its purpose, in a simple, yet to be without also increasing the burden on the subject, making it possible to reduce the exposure to the eye There is to do.

以上の目的を達成するために本発明は、被検体にX線を曝射し、得られた投影データから被検体内のX線断層画像を再構成するX線CT装置を、X線の出射窓を有し、前記被検体を挿入する開口部と、前記出射窓の外周に沿って回転するX線管から放射されるX線を前記出射窓より出射させるX線撮像装置に適用されるものであって、前記出射窓の内周面側に着脱可能に取り付けられたX線フィルタとを備え、前記X線フィルタは、中央部に前記出射窓の内周面とほぼ同一曲率の曲面を持ち、かつ前記中央部から両側部に向かうに従って前記X線の減衰率が徐々に低下する。 In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an X-ray CT apparatus for exposing an X-ray to a subject and reconstructing an X-ray tomographic image in the subject from the obtained projection data. Applied to an X-ray imaging apparatus having a window and an X-ray radiated from an X-ray tube radiating from an X-ray tube rotating along an outer periphery of the exit window and the exit window An X-ray filter that is detachably attached to the inner peripheral surface side of the exit window, and the X-ray filter has a curved surface having substantially the same curvature as the inner peripheral surface of the exit window at the center. and attenuation rate of the X-ray toward the both sides from the central portion you decrease gradually.

また前記目的を達成するために別の本発明は、円筒状の出射窓の外周に沿って回転するX線管から放射されるX線を前記出射窓より出射させるX線CT装置の最上部近辺の取り付けられるX線フィルタを、中央部に前記出射窓の内周面とほぼ同一曲率の曲面を持ち、かつ前記中央部から両側部に向かうに従って前記X線の減衰率が徐々に低下するように構成した。 In order to achieve the above object, another aspect of the present invention provides an X-ray CT apparatus for emitting X-rays emitted from an X-ray tube rotating along the outer periphery of a cylindrical exit window from the exit window. of the X-ray filter which is attached, has substantially the same curvature of the curved surface and the inner circumferential surface of the front Symbol exit window in the center, and so that the attenuation rate of the X-ray toward the both sides from the central portion gradually decreases Configured.

また前記目的を達成するために別の本発明は、被検体にX線を曝射し、得られた投影データから被検体内のX線断層画像を再構成するX線CT装置において、X線の出射窓を有し、前記被検体を挿入する開口部と、前記出射窓の外周に沿って回転するX線管から放射されるX線を前記出射窓より出射させるX線撮像装置に適用されるものであって、外周面が前記出射窓の内周面とほぼ同一曲率の曲面である環状をなし、前記出射窓の最上部近辺のに位置する部位が、前記出射窓の側部近辺に位置する部位よりも前記X線の減衰率が高いX線フィルタを備えた。
また前記目的を達成するために別の本発明は、円筒状の出射窓の外周に沿って回転するX線管から放射されるX線を前記出射窓より出射させるX線CT装置に取り付けられるX線フィルタを、外周面が前記出射窓の内周面とほぼ同一曲率の曲面である環状をなし、前記出射窓の最上部近辺のに位置する部位が、前記出射窓の側部近辺に位置する部位よりも前記X線の減衰率が高くなるように構成した。
In order to achieve the above object, another aspect of the present invention provides an X-ray CT apparatus for exposing an X-ray to a subject and reconstructing an X-ray tomographic image in the subject from the obtained projection data. And an X-ray imaging apparatus for emitting X-rays emitted from an X-ray tube rotating along the outer periphery of the exit window and the exit window from the exit window. The outer peripheral surface has a ring shape that is a curved surface having substantially the same curvature as the inner peripheral surface of the exit window, and the portion located near the top of the exit window is near the side of the exit window. An X-ray filter having a higher attenuation rate of the X-rays than a portion located is provided.
In order to achieve the above object, another aspect of the present invention provides an X-ray CT apparatus for emitting X-rays emitted from an X-ray tube rotating along the outer periphery of a cylindrical exit window from the exit window. The line filter has an annular shape whose outer peripheral surface is a curved surface having substantially the same curvature as the inner peripheral surface of the exit window, and a portion located near the top of the exit window is located near the side of the exit window. The X-ray attenuation rate is higher than that of the site.

本発明によれば、X線撮像装置の出射窓に取り付けるだけで良いので簡易であるとともに、被験者の目を覆うこともないので被験者の負担を増加することもなしに、眼球への被曝を低減することが可能となる。   According to the present invention, it is simple because it only needs to be attached to the exit window of the X-ray imaging apparatus, and it does not cover the subject's eyes, so that the burden on the subject is reduced without increasing the burden on the subject. It becomes possible to do.

以下、図面を参照して本発明の実施形態について説明する。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

(第1の実施形態)
図1は第1の実施形態に係るX線フィルタ1の構造を示す斜視図である。図2は図1に示すX線フィルタ1をX線CT装置に装着した様子を示す図である。
(First embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the structure of the X-ray filter 1 according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a state in which the X-ray filter 1 shown in FIG. 1 is mounted on the X-ray CT apparatus.

X線フィルタ1は、X線を減衰させつつ透過する材質を、図1に示すような三日月形に形成してなる。上記材質としては、X線吸収係数が0.5〜50cm-1である金属や、X線吸収係数が0.05〜0.5cm-1である樹脂が利用可能である。上記の樹脂としては例えば、シリコーン、テフロン(R)、アクリル、あるいはポリプロピレンなどが挙げられるが、加工性などを考慮すると、シリコーンやテフロン(R)が好適である。 The X-ray filter 1 is formed of a crescent-shaped material as shown in FIG. As the material, a metal having an X-ray absorption coefficient of 0.5 to 50 cm −1 and a resin having an X-ray absorption coefficient of 0.05 to 0.5 cm −1 can be used. Examples of the resin include silicone, Teflon (R), acrylic, and polypropylene. Silicone and Teflon (R) are preferable in consideration of workability and the like.

図2に示すようにX線フィルタ1が利用されるX線CT装置のガントリ2は、楕円形の開口部2aを有する。この開口部2aの周囲には、円筒状の出射窓2bが形成されている。ガントリ2の内部に配置されたX線管3は、出射窓2bに沿って回転しつつ、開口部2aの中心方向へX線を放射する。X線管3から放射されたX線は、出射窓2bからガントリ2の外部へ、すなわち開口部2aへ出射される。   As shown in FIG. 2, the gantry 2 of the X-ray CT apparatus using the X-ray filter 1 has an elliptical opening 2a. A cylindrical exit window 2b is formed around the opening 2a. The X-ray tube 3 disposed inside the gantry 2 emits X-rays toward the center of the opening 2a while rotating along the exit window 2b. X-rays emitted from the X-ray tube 3 are emitted from the emission window 2b to the outside of the gantry 2, that is, to the opening 2a.

図2に示すようにX線フィルタ1の外側の曲面1aは、その中央部を中心とした曲率が、出射窓2bの最上部を中心とし出射窓2bの内周面の曲率と同一である。すなわちX線フィルタ1は、その中央部を出射窓2bの最上部に合わせることにより、出射窓2bの内周面に曲面1aを密接させることができる。X線フィルタ1の内側の曲面1bは、X線フィルタ1の厚みが、X線フィルタ1の中央から両端に向かうに従って徐々に小さくなるような曲面をなしている。かくしてX線フィルタ1は、三日月形をなしている。   As shown in FIG. 2, the curved surface 1a on the outer side of the X-ray filter 1 has a curvature centered on the central portion thereof that is the same as the curvature of the inner peripheral surface of the exit window 2b centered on the uppermost portion of the exit window 2b. That is, the X-ray filter 1 can bring the curved surface 1a into close contact with the inner peripheral surface of the exit window 2b by aligning the center portion with the uppermost portion of the exit window 2b. The curved surface 1b inside the X-ray filter 1 has a curved surface in which the thickness of the X-ray filter 1 gradually decreases from the center of the X-ray filter 1 toward both ends. Thus, the X-ray filter 1 has a crescent shape.

以上のように構成されたX線フィルタ1は、その中央部を出射窓2bの最上部に合わせて、出射窓2bの一部を覆うようにガントリ2に取り付けて使用される。
このようにX線フィルタ1を取り付けた状態でX線CT装置を作動させると、X線管3が上方から下方に向けてX線を放射するときには、出射窓2bから出射されるX線はX線フィルタ1を透過し、減衰される。
The X-ray filter 1 configured as described above is used by being attached to the gantry 2 so as to cover a part of the emission window 2b with the central part thereof aligned with the uppermost part of the emission window 2b.
When the X-ray CT apparatus is operated with the X-ray filter 1 attached in this way, when the X-ray tube 3 emits X-rays from above to below, the X-rays emitted from the emission window 2b are X The light passes through the line filter 1 and is attenuated.

図3はX線フィルタ1による線量低減率の測定結果を示す図である。図3(a)はX線フィルタ1を使用しない状態での測定結果を示す。図3(b)はX線フィルタ1を使用した状態での測定結果を示す。図3(c)は、図3(a)の測定値を基準として図3(b)の測定値の低減率、すなわちX線フィルタ1による線量の低減率を計算した結果を示す。   FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the measurement result of the dose reduction rate by the X-ray filter 1. FIG. 3A shows a measurement result in a state where the X-ray filter 1 is not used. FIG. 3B shows a measurement result in a state where the X-ray filter 1 is used. FIG. 3C shows the calculation result of the reduction rate of the measurement value of FIG. 3B, that is, the dose reduction rate by the X-ray filter 1 with the measurement value of FIG. 3A as a reference.

図3(a)および図3(b)では、直径160mmのアクリルファントムの中央およびその上下左右の計5箇所にそれぞれ形成した穴にペンシル形の線量計のプローブを差し込んで線量を測定している。X線CT装置の動作条件は、135kV、5mAs、0.5sec、1mm×4列、Conventional Scan、管球1回転である。X線フィルタ1は、中央部、すなわち最厚部におけるX線の低減率を60%としている。   3 (a) and 3 (b), the dose is measured by inserting a pencil-type dosimeter probe into a hole formed in the center of an acrylic phantom having a diameter of 160 mm and a total of five holes at the top, bottom, left, and right. . The operating conditions of the X-ray CT apparatus are 135 kV, 5 mAs, 0.5 sec, 1 mm × 4 rows, conventional scan, and one rotation of the tube. In the X-ray filter 1, the reduction rate of X-rays in the central portion, that is, the thickest portion is 60%.

この図から分かるように、アクリルファントムの上部においてはX線の低減率が大きくなっている。これは、上述のように上方から下方に向けて放射されるX線がX線フィルタ1により低減されているためである。横方向に向けてまたは下方から上方に向けて放射されるX線は、X線フィルタ1により低減されることなくアクリルファントムに入射されるために、アクリルファントムの上部以外の各部の線量は、アクリルファントムの上部に比べて低減率が低い。   As can be seen from this figure, the reduction rate of X-rays is large in the upper part of the acrylic phantom. This is because X-rays radiated from above to below are reduced by the X-ray filter 1 as described above. Since the X-rays emitted in the lateral direction or from the lower side to the upper side are incident on the acrylic phantom without being reduced by the X-ray filter 1, the dose of each part other than the upper part of the acrylic phantom is acrylic. The reduction rate is lower than the upper part of the phantom.

人間の頭部を被検体とするとき、人間は仰向けの状態で開口部2a内に載置される。このため人間の眼球は、アクリルファントムの上部の近辺に位置する。従って、X線フィルタ1を使用することにより、眼球への被曝を低減することができる。頭部の他の部分には、大きく低減することなく十分な線量を照射することができるので、それらの部分に関する撮影感度は著しく低下してしまうことはない。   When a human head is used as a subject, the human is placed in the opening 2a in a supine state. For this reason, the human eyeball is located near the top of the acrylic phantom. Therefore, exposure to the eyeball can be reduced by using the X-ray filter 1. Since a sufficient dose can be irradiated to other parts of the head without greatly reducing, the imaging sensitivity for these parts does not significantly decrease.

図4はX線フィルタ1による画質への影響を測定した結果を示す図である。図4(a)はX線フィルタ1を使用した状態で均質ファントムを撮影して得られた画像を示す。図4(b)は図4(a)に示す画像内での局所的に求めた画像SD(standard deviation)の値を示す。なお、X線CTの動作条件およびX線フィルタ1のX線低減率は図3の測定のときと同様である。
図4(b)から分かるように、SD値のばらつきは軽微であり、画質を著しく劣化させることはない。
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the results of measuring the influence of the X-ray filter 1 on the image quality. FIG. 4A shows an image obtained by photographing a homogeneous phantom with the X-ray filter 1 used. FIG. 4B shows a value of an image SD (standard deviation) obtained locally in the image shown in FIG. Note that the operating conditions of the X-ray CT and the X-ray reduction rate of the X-ray filter 1 are the same as in the measurement of FIG.
As can be seen from FIG. 4B, the variation of the SD value is slight, and the image quality is not significantly deteriorated.

図5はX線フィルタ1の材質と厚みとを変化させて線量と画像SDとをシミュレーションした結果を示す図である。
図5(a)は、4種類の材質のそれぞれについて厚み(最大厚み)を9段階に変化させた、計36種類のX線フィルタ1をそれぞれ使用した場合の線量および画像SDを示している。なお線量および画像SDは、図3に示したような上、中央、左、右、下の5箇所に関してそれぞれ求めている。
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the result of simulating the dose and the image SD by changing the material and thickness of the X-ray filter 1.
FIG. 5A shows doses and images SD when 36 types of X-ray filters 1 are used in which the thickness (maximum thickness) of each of the four types of materials is changed in nine stages. It should be noted that the dose and the image SD are obtained for each of the five locations of upper, middle, left, right, and lower as shown in FIG.

図5(a)において、「フィルタ有り計算線量」の各欄には、フィルタを使用しない場合における上位置での線量を「100」とした場合の線量の比率を示している。「フィルタ有り計算SD」の各欄には、上記5箇所のそれぞれでの画像SDの値を示している。「フィルタ有り計算SDの差」の各欄には、1種類のX線フィルタ1に関する5箇所の画像SDのうちの最大値と最小値との差を示している。   In FIG. 5A, each column of “calculated dose with filter” indicates a dose ratio when the dose at the upper position when the filter is not used is “100”. Each column of “calculation with filter SD” indicates the value of the image SD at each of the five locations. Each column of “difference in calculation SD with filter” indicates a difference between the maximum value and the minimum value among the five images SD regarding one type of X-ray filter 1.

さて、X線フィルタ1により被曝を低減しようとしているのは、上述のように上位置である。実用的には、この上位置における線量を10%以上低減することが望ましい。かつ画像SDの差を50以下とすることが好ましい。これらの条件を満たすX線フィルタ1は、「吸収係数:フィルタ厚み」が以下のようになる9種類となる。
0.05cm-1:5cm
0.05cm-1:7cm
0.34866cm-1:0.7cm
0.34866cm-1:3cm
0.34866cm-1:5cm
0.5cm-1:0.5cm
0.5cm-1:0.7cm
0.5cm-1:3cm
50cm-1:0.03cm
ところでX線フィルタ1によるX線の低減量は、材質の吸収係数と、フィルタ厚みとの双方に依存する。このため、X線フィルタ1によりX線を低減できる度合いは、吸収係数とフィルタ厚みとの積として表すことができる。図5(a)に示す36種類のX線フィルタ1のそれぞれについての吸収係数とフィルタ厚みとの積を図5(b)に示す。この図5(b)に示す値は、無次元数であって、単位は無い。この図5(b)から、上記の9種類のX線フィルタ1に関する値は、0.24〜1.74の範囲となっていることが分かる。
Now, it is the upper position to reduce the exposure by the X-ray filter 1 as described above. Practically, it is desirable to reduce the dose at this upper position by 10% or more. In addition, it is preferable that the difference between the images SD is 50 or less. There are nine types of X-ray filters 1 that satisfy these conditions, with “absorption coefficient: filter thickness” as follows.
0.05cm -1 : 5cm
0.05cm -1 : 7cm
0.34866 cm -1 : 0.7 cm
0.34866 cm -1 : 3 cm
0.34866 cm -1 : 5 cm
0.5cm -1 : 0.5cm
0.5 cm -1 : 0.7 cm
0.5cm -1 : 3cm
50 cm -1 : 0.03 cm
Incidentally, the amount of X-ray reduction by the X-ray filter 1 depends on both the absorption coefficient of the material and the filter thickness. For this reason, the degree to which X-rays can be reduced by the X-ray filter 1 can be expressed as the product of the absorption coefficient and the filter thickness. FIG. 5B shows the product of the absorption coefficient and the filter thickness for each of the 36 types of X-ray filters 1 shown in FIG. The value shown in FIG. 5B is a dimensionless number and has no unit. From FIG. 5B, it can be seen that the values for the nine types of X-ray filters 1 are in the range of 0.24 to 1.74.

かくして、上位置における線量を10%以上低減し、かつ画像SDの差を50以下とすることができるX線フィルタ1の吸収係数とフィルタ厚みとの積は、0.24〜1.74であることが分かる。すなわち、吸収係数とフィルタ厚みとの積が0.24〜1.74となるように、材質と厚みとを適宜に選定すれば良い。   Thus, the product of the absorption coefficient and the filter thickness of the X-ray filter 1 capable of reducing the dose at the upper position by 10% or more and making the difference of the images SD 50 or less is 0.24 to 1.74. I understand that. That is, the material and thickness may be appropriately selected so that the product of the absorption coefficient and the filter thickness is 0.24 to 1.74.

開口部2aは一般的に、図2に示すように長軸が水平方向(図2中の左右方向)に沿った楕円である。従って、開口部2aの最上部を中心とする部分と最下部を中心とする部分とは曲率が同一である。従って、このような形状の開口部2aにおいては、X線フィルタ1は、その中央部を出射窓2bの最下部に合わせてガントリ2に取り付けることが可能である。図2に示すように上側にX線フィルタ1を取り付けるのに加えて、下側にも別のX線フィルタ1を取り付けることにより、下方から上方へ向かうX線による被曝をも低減することが可能となる。これは、上下方向の厚みが小さい胸部や腹部などの撮影の際に、この方向からの被曝を低減するために有効である。   The opening 2a is generally an ellipse whose major axis is along the horizontal direction (left-right direction in FIG. 2) as shown in FIG. Therefore, the curvature center part and the part centering on the lowest part of the opening part 2a are the same. Therefore, in the opening 2a having such a shape, the X-ray filter 1 can be attached to the gantry 2 with its central portion aligned with the lowermost portion of the emission window 2b. In addition to attaching the X-ray filter 1 on the upper side as shown in FIG. 2, by attaching another X-ray filter 1 on the lower side, it is possible to reduce the exposure by the X-rays from below to above. It becomes. This is effective in reducing exposure from this direction when photographing the chest and abdomen where the thickness in the vertical direction is small.

(第2の実施形態)
図6は第2の実施形態に係るX線フィルタ4をX線CT装置に装着した様子を示す図である。なお、図6において図2と同一部分には同一符号を付し、その詳細な説明は省略する。
(Second Embodiment)
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a state in which the X-ray filter 4 according to the second embodiment is mounted on the X-ray CT apparatus. In FIG. 6, the same parts as those in FIG. 2 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

X線フィルタ4は、X線フィルタ1と同様な材質を、図6に示すようなリング状に形成してなる。X線フィルタ4の外側の曲面は、出射窓2bの内周面の曲率と同一である。すなわちX線フィルタ4は、その外側の曲面の前面を出射窓2bの内周面に密接させることができる。すなわちX線フィルタ4は、円環形状をなしている。X線フィルタ4の内側の曲面は、X線フィルタ4の厚みがX線フィルタ4がなす楕円の短軸と交差する部分が最も厚く、X線フィルタ4がなす楕円の長軸と交差する部分に向かうに従って徐々に薄くなるような曲面をなしている。   The X-ray filter 4 is formed of the same material as that of the X-ray filter 1 in a ring shape as shown in FIG. The curved surface outside the X-ray filter 4 is the same as the curvature of the inner peripheral surface of the exit window 2b. That is, the X-ray filter 4 can bring the front surface of the outer curved surface into close contact with the inner peripheral surface of the exit window 2b. That is, the X-ray filter 4 has an annular shape. The curved surface inside the X-ray filter 4 has a thickest portion where the thickness of the X-ray filter 4 intersects the minor axis of the ellipse formed by the X-ray filter 4 and a portion intersecting the major axis of the ellipse formed by the X-ray filter 4. It has a curved surface that gradually gets thinner as you go.

以上のように構成されたX線フィルタ4は、図6に示すように出射窓2bを覆うようにガントリ2に取り付けて使用される。
このようにX線フィルタ4を取り付けた状態でX線CT装置を作動させると、出射窓2bから出射されるX線はX線フィルタ4を透過したのちに開口部2aへと出射される。X線の放射方向が鉛直方向であるとき、X線が透過するX線フィルタ4の厚みが最も厚く、X線は最大の減衰を受ける。X線の放射方向が鉛直方向に対して傾くほど、X線が透過するX線フィルタ4の厚みが徐々に薄くなり、X線の減衰量は徐々に減少する。X線の放射方向が水平方向であるとき、X線が透過するX線フィルタ4の厚みが最も薄く、X線の減衰は最小となる。
The X-ray filter 4 configured as described above is used by being attached to the gantry 2 so as to cover the emission window 2b as shown in FIG.
When the X-ray CT apparatus is operated with the X-ray filter 4 attached in this way, the X-rays emitted from the emission window 2b are emitted to the opening 2a after passing through the X-ray filter 4. When the X-ray radiation direction is the vertical direction, the thickness of the X-ray filter 4 through which the X-rays pass is the thickest, and the X-rays receive the maximum attenuation. As the X-ray radiation direction is inclined with respect to the vertical direction, the thickness of the X-ray filter 4 through which X-rays pass is gradually reduced, and the attenuation amount of X-rays is gradually reduced. When the X-ray radiation direction is horizontal, the thickness of the X-ray filter 4 through which X-rays pass is the thinnest, and attenuation of X-rays is minimized.

かくして、上下方向へのX線の放射量を低減することができ、眼球、胸部、腹部などへの被曝を低減することができる。左右方向へは十分なX線を放射することができ、撮影感度が著しく低下してしまうことはない。   Thus, the amount of X-ray radiation in the vertical direction can be reduced, and exposure to the eyeball, chest, abdomen, and the like can be reduced. Sufficient X-rays can be emitted in the left-right direction, and the imaging sensitivity is not significantly reduced.

この実施形態は、次のような種々の変形実施が可能である。
前記第1の実施形態では、X線フィルタ1の厚みは任意であって良い。例えば、X線フィルタ1の全体に渡って、その厚みを均一としても良い。あるいは、X線フィルタ1の中央部はその厚みを均一とし、両端部は徐々に厚みを薄くするようにしても良い。
なお、本発明は上記実施形態そのままに限定されるものではなく、実施段階ではその要旨を逸脱しない範囲で構成要素を変形して具体化できる。また、上記実施形態に開示されている複数の構成要素の適宜な組み合わせにより、種々の発明を形成できる。例えば、実施形態に示される全構成要素から幾つかの構成要素を削除してもよい。さらに、異なる実施形態にわたる構成要素を適宜組み合わせてもよい。
This embodiment can be variously modified as follows.
In the first embodiment, the thickness of the X-ray filter 1 may be arbitrary. For example, the thickness may be uniform over the entire X-ray filter 1. Alternatively, the central portion of the X-ray filter 1 may have a uniform thickness, and both end portions may be gradually thinned.
Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment as it is, and can be embodied by modifying the components without departing from the scope of the invention in the implementation stage. In addition, various inventions can be formed by appropriately combining a plurality of components disclosed in the embodiment. For example, some components may be deleted from all the components shown in the embodiment. Furthermore, constituent elements over different embodiments may be appropriately combined.

本発明の第1の実施形態に係るX線フィルタ1の構造を示す斜視図。1 is a perspective view showing a structure of an X-ray filter 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. 図1に示すX線フィルタ1をX線CT装置に装着した様子を示す図。The figure which shows a mode that the X-ray filter 1 shown in FIG. 1 was mounted | worn with the X-ray CT apparatus. 図1に示すX線フィルタ1による線量低減率の測定結果を示す図。The figure which shows the measurement result of the dose reduction rate by the X-ray filter 1 shown in FIG. X線フィルタ1による画質への影響を測定した結果を示す図。The figure which shows the result of having measured the influence on the image quality by the X-ray filter. X線フィルタ1の材質と厚みとを変化させて線量と画像SDとをシミュレーションした結果を示す図。The figure which shows the result of having simulated the dose and the image SD by changing the material and thickness of the X-ray filter 1. FIG. 第2の実施形態に係るX線フィルタ4をX線CT装置に装着した様子を示す図。The figure which shows a mode that the X-ray filter 4 which concerns on 2nd Embodiment was mounted | worn with the X-ray CT apparatus.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1,4…X線フィルタ、1a,1b…曲面、2…ガントリ、2a…開口部、2b…出射窓、3…X線管。   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1,4 ... X-ray filter, 1a, 1b ... Curved surface, 2 ... Gantry, 2a ... Opening part, 2b ... Outgoing window, 3 ... X-ray tube.

Claims (6)

被検体にX線を曝射し、得られた投影データから被検体内のX線断層画像を再構成するX線CT装置において、
X線の出射窓を有し、前記被検体を挿入する開口部と、
前記出射窓の外周に沿って回転するX線管から放射されるX線を前記出射窓より出射させるX線撮像装置に適用されるものであって、
前記出射窓の内周面側に着脱可能に取り付けられたX線フィルタとを具備し
前記X線フィルタは、中央部に前記出射窓の内周面とほぼ同一曲率の曲面を持ち、かつ前記中央部から両側部に向かうに従って前記X線の減衰率が徐々に低下することを特徴とするX線CT装置。
In an X-ray CT apparatus that exposes an X-ray to a subject and reconstructs an X-ray tomographic image in the subject from the obtained projection data,
An X-ray emission window, and an opening for inserting the subject;
The present invention is applied to an X-ray imaging apparatus for emitting X-rays emitted from an X-ray tube rotating along the outer periphery of the emission window from the emission window,
An X-ray filter detachably attached to the inner peripheral surface side of the exit window;
The X-ray filter has substantially the same curvature of the curved surface and the inner peripheral surface of the exit window in a central portion, and a benzalkonium be reduced attenuation rate of the X-ray gradually toward the opposite sides from the central portion X-ray CT apparatus that is characterized.
円筒状の出射窓の外周に沿って回転するX線管から放射されるX線を前記出射窓より出射させるX線CT装置の最上部近辺の取り付けられるものであって、
中央部に前記出射窓の内周面とほぼ同一曲率の曲面を持ち、
かつ前記中央部から両側部に向かうに従って前記X線の減衰率が徐々に低下することを特徴とするX線フィルタ。
An X-ray CT apparatus for attaching X-rays emitted from an X-ray tube rotating along the outer periphery of a cylindrical exit window to emit from the exit window;
Has substantially the same curvature of the curved surface and the inner circumferential surface of the front Symbol exit window in the central portion,
An X-ray filter is characterized in that the attenuation factor of the X-ray gradually decreases from the central portion toward both sides .
被検体にX線を曝射し、得られた投影データから被検体内のX線断層画像を再構成するX線CT装置において、In an X-ray CT apparatus that exposes an X-ray to a subject and reconstructs an X-ray tomographic image in the subject from the obtained projection data,
X線の出射窓を有し、前記被検体を挿入する開口部と、An X-ray emission window, and an opening for inserting the subject;
前記出射窓の外周に沿って回転するX線管から放射されるX線を前記出射窓より出射させるX線撮像装置に適用されるものであって、The present invention is applied to an X-ray imaging apparatus for emitting X-rays emitted from an X-ray tube rotating along the outer periphery of the emission window from the emission window,
外周面が前記出射窓の内周面とほぼ同一曲率の曲面である環状をなし、前記出射窓の最上部近辺のに位置する部位が、前記出射窓の側部近辺に位置する部位よりも前記X線の減衰率が高いX線フィルタを備えることを特徴とするX線CT装置。The outer peripheral surface has an annular shape that is a curved surface having substantially the same curvature as the inner peripheral surface of the exit window, and the portion located near the uppermost portion of the exit window is more than the portion located near the side portion of the exit window. An X-ray CT apparatus comprising an X-ray filter having a high X-ray attenuation rate.
前記X線フィルタの材質におけるX線の吸収係数と、前記出射窓の最上部近辺に位置する部位の厚みとの積が0.24〜1.74であることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項3に記載のX線CT装置。The product of the X-ray absorption coefficient of the material of the X-ray filter and the thickness of a portion located in the vicinity of the uppermost portion of the exit window is 0.24 to 1.74. Item 4. The X-ray CT apparatus according to Item 3. 円筒状の出射窓の外周に沿って回転するX線管から放射されるX線を前記出射窓より出射させるX線CT装置に取り付けられるものであって、
外周面が前記出射窓の内周面とほぼ同一曲率の曲面である環状をなし、
前記出射窓の最上部近辺のに位置する部位が、前記出射窓の側部近辺に位置する部位よりも前記X線の減衰率が高いことを特徴とするX線フィルタ。
An X-ray CT apparatus for emitting X-rays emitted from an X-ray tube rotating along the outer periphery of a cylindrical emission window from the emission window;
The outer peripheral surface has a ring shape that is a curved surface having substantially the same curvature as the inner peripheral surface of the exit window,
An X-ray filter, wherein a portion located near the uppermost portion of the exit window has a higher attenuation factor of the X-ray than a portion located near a side portion of the exit window.
前記X線フィルタの材質におけるX線の吸収係数と、前記出射窓の最上部近辺に位置する部位の厚みとの積が0.24〜1.74であることを特徴とする請求項または請求項5に記載のX線フィルタ。 The absorption coefficient of X-rays in the material of the X-ray filter, according to claim 2 or claim the product of the thickness of the portion positioned at the top vicinity of the exit window is characterized in that it is a 0.24 to 1.74 Item 6. The X-ray filter according to Item 5.
JP2004219143A 2004-07-27 2004-07-27 X-ray CT apparatus and X-ray filter Expired - Fee Related JP4589672B2 (en)

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