JP4589992B2 - Outdoor hydroponics equipment - Google Patents
Outdoor hydroponics equipment Download PDFInfo
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- JP4589992B2 JP4589992B2 JP2008203711A JP2008203711A JP4589992B2 JP 4589992 B2 JP4589992 B2 JP 4589992B2 JP 2008203711 A JP2008203711 A JP 2008203711A JP 2008203711 A JP2008203711 A JP 2008203711A JP 4589992 B2 JP4589992 B2 JP 4589992B2
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Description
本発明は、自然の太陽光の下、適宜遮光を行うと共に害虫を駆除しつつ行う植物の露地水耕栽培装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a plant hydroponic cultivation apparatus for plants that is appropriately shielded from light and extinguishing pests under natural sunlight.
従来、培養液を入れた上面開口の大型栽培槽を太陽光の下に設置し、該栽培槽の培養液に、植物を植えたパネル（以下植物植設パネルという）の多数枚を浮かべると共に、植物の根を培養液に浸して養分を吸収させる露地水耕栽培槽において、夏期等に強い日射しから植物を保護する手段として、上記栽培槽の開口上面に支持枠を組み、該支持枠上に寒冷紗等の遮光シートを張設した方式を採り、又、植物を害虫から保護する手段としては、本発明者の発案による、上記植物植設パネルを移送手段により栽培槽から浸漬槽に移送し、該浸漬槽内の濃度を調整された浸漬液中に長時間浸漬して、植物に付着した害虫を窒息死させる方式、あるいは、上記浸漬槽内の水に植物植設パネルを短時間づつ繰り返し浸漬して害虫を植物から離脱させ、離脱した害虫は別途回収して処分する方式を採っていた。 Conventionally, a large-scale cultivation tank with an upper surface opening containing a culture solution is installed under sunlight, and a large number of panels (hereinafter referred to as plant planting panels) in which plants are planted are floated on the culture solution in the cultivation tank. In a hydroponic cultivation tank that absorbs nutrients by immersing the roots of the plant in a culture solution, as a means to protect the plant from strong sunshine in the summer, etc., a support frame is assembled on the upper surface of the opening of the cultivation tank. As a means to protect the plant from harmful insects by taking a method in which a light-shielding sheet such as a cold koji is stretched, the plant planting panel according to the inventor's idea is transferred from the cultivation tank to the immersion tank by a transfer means, A method of immersing pests adhering to plants by suffocating and dying suffocated for a long time in an immersion liquid whose concentration in the immersion tank is adjusted, or repeatedly immersing a plant planting panel in water in the immersion tank for a short time. To remove the pests from the plant The pest had adopted a method of separately collected and disposed of.
しかし、従来の露地水耕栽培装置における植物を害虫から保護する手段は、自然界から飛来する大量の害虫が植物に取りついた後に駆除する方式であるから、その駆除作業に時間がかかるばかりでなく、未処理の害虫が植物に残る欠点があり、しかも植物植設パネルの移送手段、浸漬槽、遮光シート等の設備及び設置スペースが必要となる難点があり、さらに最近では、鳥や野生動物が作物を食い荒すケースが多くなったが、これに対し従来の栽培槽は何ら対策がとられていない。 However, the means of protecting plants from pests in conventional outdoor hydroponic cultivation equipment is a method that removes a large number of pests flying from the natural world after they are attached to the plant, so that the removal work not only takes time. However, there is a drawback that untreated pests remain in the plant, and there are also disadvantages that require equipment and installation space such as a transfer means for plant planting panels, immersion tanks, light shielding sheets, etc., and more recently, birds and wild animals There are many cases of eating and ruining crops, but conventional cultivation tanks have not taken any measures against this.
本発明は、害虫が植物に取りつくのを阻止して直ちに殺虫し、それにより設備及び設置スペースを節減することができ、特に遮光シートを使用せずに遮光を行うことができると共に、鳥や野生動物の被害を十分に防止することができる露地水耕栽培装置を提供することを課題とする。 The present invention prevents insects from attaching to plants and immediately kills them, thereby saving equipment and installation space. In particular, it can shield light without using a light shielding sheet, An object of the present invention is to provide an outdoor hydroponic cultivation apparatus that can sufficiently prevent damage to wild animals.
そこで、本願第１発明は、
培養液を入れた上面開口の槽内に、植物植設パネルを、その植物の根を培養液に浸した状態で、保持した露地水耕栽培槽において、
上記露地水耕栽培槽の開口上面に、電撃殺虫ネットを、遮光ネットとして上記植物を覆った状態で、覆蓋し、
上記電撃殺虫ネットは、互に小間隔をあけて対面する少くとも内、外２層の導電性金属線ネットからなり、そのうち内側金属線ネットは害虫の通過しにくい網目に、外側金属線ネットは害虫の通過を許す網目にそれぞれ形成し、
上記内、外金属線ネットの一方をプラス極、他方をマイナス極として高電圧を印加した、
植物の露地水耕栽培装置を提案する。
Therefore, the first invention of the present application is
In the open-side hydroponics tank that holds the plant planting panel in a state where the root of the plant is immersed in the culture solution in the tank of the upper surface opening containing the culture solution,
In the state of covering the plant as a shading net with a lightning insecticidal net on the upper surface of the opening of the outdoor hydroponics tank,
The above-mentioned electric shock insect net consists of at least two inner and outer conductive metal wire nets facing each other with a small gap between them, the inner metal wire net is a mesh that is difficult for pests to pass through, and the outer metal wire net is Each mesh is formed to allow the passage of pests,
In the above, a high voltage was applied with one of the outer metal wire nets as a positive pole and the other as a negative pole.
We propose an outdoor hydroponics device for plants.
ところで、一般に、小型の害虫としてハモグリバエ（体長２〜３ｍｍ、開いた羽幅５〜６ｍｍ）、アブラムシ成虫（体長２〜３ｍｍ、開いた羽幅４〜５ｍｍ）等があり、大型の害虫としてモンシロチョウ（開いた羽幅５０ｍｍ）、ヨトウムシ（開いた羽幅３０ｍｍ）等があるが、そのうち、一般的に、小型の害虫は、栽培槽のほぼ横方向から飛来し、叉大型の害虫は、栽培槽のほぼ上方から飛来する傾向がある。
By the way, in general, small-sized pests include leaf fly (2 to 3 mm long,
そこで、本願第２発明は、上記第１発明の課題に加えて、上記の小型害虫及び大型害虫に対応することのできる露地水耕栽培装置を提供することを課題とする。 Then, the 2nd invention of this application makes it a subject to provide the outdoor hydroponic cultivation apparatus which can respond to said small pest and a large pest in addition to the subject of the said 1st invention.
そこで、本願第２発明は、
培養液を入れた上面開口の槽内に、植物植設パネルを、その植物の根を培養液に浸した状態で、保持した露地水耕栽培槽において、
上記露地水耕栽培槽の開口上面に、電撃殺虫ネットを、遮光ネットとして上記植物を覆った状態で、覆蓋し、
上記電撃殺虫ネットは、四周を囲む四周電撃殺虫ネットと、その上面を覆う上面電撃殺虫ネットからなり、その各電撃殺虫ネットは、互に小間隔をあけて対面する少くとも内、外２層の導電性金属線ネットからなり、そのうち上記四周電撃殺虫ネットにおける内側金属線ネットは小型害虫の通過しにくい網目に、外側金属線ネットは小型害虫の通過を許す網目にそれぞれ形成し、又上記上面電撃殺虫ネットにおける内側金属ネットは大型害虫の通過しにくい網目に、外側金属線ネットは大型害虫の通過を許す網目にそれぞれ形成し、
上記四周及び上面電撃殺虫ネットにおける内、外金属線ネットの一方をプラス極、他方をマイナス極として高電圧を印加した、
植物の露地水耕栽培装置を提案する。
Therefore, the second invention of the present application is
In the open-side hydroponics tank that holds the plant planting panel in a state where the root of the plant is immersed in the culture solution in the tank of the upper surface opening containing the culture solution,
In the state of covering the plant as a shading net with a lightning insecticidal net on the upper surface of the opening of the outdoor hydroponics tank,
The above-mentioned electric shock insect net consists of a four-round electric shock insect net that surrounds the four circles and an upper electric shock insect net that covers the upper surface, and each of the electric shock insect nets has at least two inner and outer layers facing each other at a small interval. It consists of a conductive metal wire net, of which the inner metal wire net in the above-mentioned four-round electric shock insect net is formed in a mesh that does not allow small pests to pass through, and the outer metal wire net is formed in a mesh that allows the passage of small pests, and The inner metal net in the insecticidal net is formed in a mesh that is difficult for large pests to pass through, and the outer metal wire net is formed in a mesh that allows the passage of large pests.
In the above-mentioned four-round and top-side electric shock insect net, a high voltage was applied with one of the outer metal wire nets as a positive pole and the other as a negative pole.
We propose an outdoor hydroponics device for plants.
本願第１発明の露地水耕栽培装置によれば、栽培槽に植えた植物を電撃殺虫ネットで覆蓋するから、多数の害虫が飛来しても、これが植物に取りつくのを阻止して直ちに高電圧により殺虫することができ、それにより従来のように大量の害虫が植物に取りついた後に駆除する方式に比較して、設備及び設置スペースを大幅に節減することができ、特に電撃殺虫ネットにより遮光を兼ねることができると共に、鳥や野生動物をも電撃により撃退することができるのである。 According to the outdoor hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the first invention of the present application, the plant planted in the cultivation tank is covered with the electric shock insect net, so even if a large number of pests fly, this prevents the plant from sticking to the plant immediately. Compared with the conventional method of eliminating insects after a large amount of insects have attached to the plant, it can save a lot of equipment and installation space. In addition to serving as a light shield, birds and wild animals can be repelled by electric shock.
本願第２発明の露地水耕栽培装置によれば、上記第１発明の効果に加え、横方向から飛来する小型害虫はそれに適した四周電撃殺虫ネットにより、上方から飛来する大型害虫はそれに適した上面電撃殺虫ネットによりそれぞれ殺虫することができる。又上面電撃殺虫ネットの網目を大きくすることにより、栽培槽内の風通しを良くする利点もえられる。 According to the outdoor hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the second invention of the present application, in addition to the effects of the first invention, the small pests flying from the lateral direction are suitable for the large pests flying from above by the four-round electric shock insect net suitable for it. Insect insects can be killed by the top electric shock insect net. Moreover, the advantage of improving the ventilation in a cultivation tank is also acquired by enlarging the mesh | network of a top electric shock insect net.
本願発明における上記内、外２層の金属線ネットの各網目の大きさは、害虫の大きさ、遮光作用、風通し等を考慮して適宜選択される。 In the present invention, the size of each of the inner and outer two-layer metal wire nets is appropriately selected in consideration of the size of the pest, the light shielding effect, the ventilation, and the like.
又、内、外金属ネットの小間隔は、印加する高電圧に応じ、内、外金属線ネット間に害虫が入りこんだとき放電が生じ、該放電電流によって害虫を感電死させるに適した間隔に選定する。 In addition, the small interval between the inner and outer metal nets is set to an interval suitable for electrocuting the pests by the discharge current caused by discharge when pests enter between the inner and outer metal wire nets according to the applied high voltage. Select.
第１発明の実施例
以下本発明の実施例について図面を参照して説明する。
図１、２図において、上面を開口した横長の扁平箱形栽培槽（１）を水平に設置し、該栽培槽（１）内に入れた培養液（２）の液面に、植物（Ｐ）…を植えた多数枚の発泡スチロール製パネル（３）…を互に隣接状態に浮かべ、この栽培槽（１）の開口上面に、該栽培槽（１）と平面広さの等しい下面開口のネット支持フレーム（４）を長手方向に走行自在に載置し、該支持フレーム（４）上に、遮光ネットを兼ねる電撃殺虫ネット（５）を上記植物全体を覆う状態に支持してある。
Embodiments of the First Invention Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
In FIGS. 1 and 2, a horizontally long flat box-shaped cultivation tank (1) having an open upper surface is installed horizontally, and a plant (P) is placed on the liquid surface of the culture solution (2) placed in the cultivation tank (1). ) ... many foamed polystyrene panels (3) ... are floated adjacent to each other, and the net of the lower surface opening equal in plane area to the cultivation tank (1) is formed on the upper surface of the opening of the cultivation tank (1). A support frame (4) is placed so as to be able to run in the longitudinal direction, and an electric shock insect net (5) that also serves as a light-shielding net is supported on the support frame (4) so as to cover the entire plant.
上記支持フレーム（４）は、柱、梁、桟からなる下面開口のほぼ箱形枠体で、その走行構造は、上記枠体における左右長尺側枠（４ａ）、（４ａ）下端に、複数づつの車輪（６）…、（６）…を取りつけると共に、上記栽培槽（１）の左右長尺側壁（１ａ）、（１ａ）の上面に、上記車輪（６）…、（６）…が走行すべきレール（７）、（７）を敷設すると共に、栽培槽（１）後端から、上記左右長尺側壁（１ａ）、（１ａ）の延長方向に、レール橋（８）、（８）を延設し、該レール橋（８）、（８）上に、上記レール（７）、（７）と連続するレール（９）、（９）を敷設してある。 The support frame (4) is a substantially box-shaped frame having an opening on the lower surface made of pillars, beams, and crosspieces. While attaching each wheel (6) ..., (6) ..., the said wheel (6) ..., (6) ... is on the upper surface of the right-and-left long side wall (1a), (1a) of the said cultivation tank (1). Rails (8), (8) are installed in the extending direction of the left and right long side walls (1a), (1a) from the rear end of the cultivation tank (1) while laying rails (7), (7) to be traveled. ) And rails (9) and (9) continuous with the rails (7) and (7) are laid on the rail bridges (8) and (8).
なお、上記支持フレーム（４）の前端面に、該前端面全面を開くドア（１０）を設け、該ドア（１０）全面に金網を張ってある。 A door (10) that opens the entire front end surface is provided on the front end surface of the support frame (4), and a metal mesh is stretched over the entire door (10).
上記電撃殺虫ネット（５）は、図３、４に示すように、まず電気絶縁性で、一例として厚さ３〜４ｍｍの合成樹脂桟により荒目の格子状絶縁枠（１１）を組立て、この絶縁枠（１１）の内側に、鋼線により一例として網目２〜３ｍｍの格子状に編成してなる内側金属線ネット（１２）を、外側に、鋼線により一例として網目５〜７ｍｍの格子状に編成してなる外側金属線ネット（１３）をそれぞれ張設し、それにより内外２層の金属線ネット（１２）、（１３）を小間隔（３〜４ｍｍ）をあけて対面させている。 As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the electric shock insect net (5) is first electrically insulative. As an example, a rough grid-like insulating frame (11) is assembled with a synthetic resin bar having a thickness of 3 to 4 mm. An inner metal wire net (12) knitted in a grid shape with a mesh of 2-3 mm as an example by a steel wire inside the insulating frame (11), and a grid shape with a mesh of 5-7 mm as an example by a steel wire on the outside. The outer metal wire nets (13) knitted to each other are stretched so that the inner and outer two metal wire nets (12), (13) face each other with a small gap (3 to 4 mm).
上記電撃殺虫ネット（５）に交流電源を使用する場合は、一例として昇圧器及び整流器により、又直流電源を使用する場合は、一例としてパルス発振器、昇圧器及び整流器により、それぞれ９００Ｖ〜５０００Ｖの高電圧に高め、これを上記内側金属線ネット（１２）をプラス電極として、上記外側金属線ネット（１３）をマイナス電極としてそれぞれ接続する。 When an AC power source is used for the electric shock insect net (5), a booster and a rectifier are used as an example. When a DC power source is used, a pulse oscillator, a booster and a rectifier are used as an example. The voltage is increased and the inner metal wire net (12) is connected as a positive electrode and the outer metal wire net (13) is connected as a negative electrode.
上例の露地水耕栽培装置の作用及び使用例について説明する。
ネット支持フレーム（４）を栽培槽（１）の開口上面に位置させた図１の状態において、上記支持フレーム（４）を、その前端のドア（１０）を開いた後、栽培槽（１）のレール（７）、（７）ついで橋（８）のレール（９）、（９）に沿って後方へ走行させて橋（８）上に後退させ、栽培槽（１）の上面を開放する。
The operation and usage example of the above-described outdoor hydroponic cultivation apparatus will be described.
In the state of FIG. 1 where the net support frame (4) is positioned on the upper surface of the opening of the cultivation tank (1), the support frame (4) is opened in the front end door (10), and then the cultivation tank (1). The rails (7), (7), and then the rails (9), (9) of the bridge (8) are moved backward along the rails (9), retreated on the bridge (8), and the upper surface of the cultivation tank (1) is opened. .
そこで、作業員が各パネル（３）…に植物の苗を植えつける。 Therefore, a worker plantes a plant seedling on each panel (3).
ついで、支持フレーム（４）をレール（９）（９）、（７）（７）に沿って栽培槽（１）の上面に移動させ、ドア（１０）を閉じると、電撃殺虫ネット（５）により植物全体を覆い、その２層の金属線ネット（１２）、（１３）により太陽光を適度に遮光した状態で栽培を開始すると共に、電撃殺虫ネット（５）の内側金属線（１２）をプラス極、外側金属線（１３）をマイナスを極として高圧電流を流し、害虫の飛来に備える。 Next, when the support frame (4) is moved along the rails (9), (9), (7), (7) to the upper surface of the cultivation tank (1) and the door (10) is closed, the electric shock insect net (5) The whole plant is covered with the two-layer metal wire nets (12), (13) and the cultivation is started in a state where the sunlight is appropriately shielded, and the inner metal wire (12) of the electric shock insect net (5) A positive electrode and an outer metal wire (13) are used as a negative electrode, and a high voltage current is applied to prepare for the arrival of pests.
飛来した害虫は、まず網目の広い外側金属線ネット（１３）に至り、ついで外側ネット（１３）の網目をくぐって、網目の細い内側ネット（１２）に至ると、高電圧の電撃ショックを受けて死滅する。このように多数の害虫が飛来しても、これらを植物に取りつく前に、ことごとく殺虫する。 The pests that arrived first reached the outer metal wire net (13) with a wide mesh, then passed through the mesh of the outer net (13) and reached the inner net (12) with a fine mesh, and received a high-voltage electric shock. And die. Even if such a large number of pests fly, they are all killed before being attached to the plant.
なお、上記電撃殺虫ネット（４）による遮光は、春、夏、秋に特に必要である。 The light shielding by the electric shock insect net (4) is particularly necessary in spring, summer and autumn.
第２発明の実施例
図５において、電撃殺虫ネット（２５）は、四周を囲む四周電撃殺虫ネット（２５ａ）と、その上面を覆う上面電撃殺虫ネット（２５ｂ）とからなり、そのうち上記四周電撃殺虫ネット（２５ａ）における内側金属線ネットは、小型害虫の通過しにくい２〜３ｍｍの網目に、外側金属線ネットは、小型害虫の通過を許す５〜７ｍｍの網目のものにし、又上面電撃殺虫ネット（２５ｂ）における内側金属線ネットは、大型害虫の通過しにくい１０〜１５ｍｍの網目に、外側金属線ネットは、大型害虫の通過を許す３０〜５０ｍｍの網目のものにし、又内、外金属線ネットの間隔は、上記四周電撃殺虫ネット（２５ａ）では、３〜４ｍｍ、上記上面電撃殺虫ネット（２５ｂ）では、１０〜１５ｍｍとした。
Embodiment 2 of the Second Invention In FIG. 5, the electric shock insect net (25) comprises a four electric shock insect net (25a) that surrounds the four circumferences and an upper electric shock insect net (25b) that covers the upper surface, of which the above four electric shock insect nets. The inner metal wire net in the net (25a) is a 2 to 3 mm mesh that is difficult for small pests to pass through, and the outer metal wire net is a 5 to 7 mm mesh that allows small pests to pass through. The inner metal wire net in (25b) is a 10-15 mm mesh that is difficult for large pests to pass through, and the outer metal wire net is a 30-50 mm mesh that allows large pests to pass through. The interval between the nets was 3 to 4 mm in the above-mentioned four-round electric shock insect net (25a), and 10 to 15 mm in the upper electric shock insect net (25b).
四周電撃殺虫ネット（２５ａ）には、電圧１５００Ｖを、四面電撃殺虫ネット（２５ｂ）には、電圧２５００Ｖをそれぞれ印加した。 A voltage of 1500 V was applied to the four-round electric shock insect net (25a), and a voltage of 2500 V was applied to the four-surface electric shock insect net (25b).
１、２１ 栽培槽
２、２２ 培養液
３、２３ パネル
Ｐ、Ｐ20 植物
５、２５ 電撃殺虫ネット
１２ 内側金属線ネット
１３ 外側金属線ネット
２５ａ 四周電撃殺虫ネット
２５ｂ 上面電撃殺虫ネット
1, 21
Claims (2)
上記露地水耕栽培槽の開口上面に、電撃殺虫ネットを、遮光ネットとして上記植物を覆った状態で、覆蓋し、
上記電撃殺虫ネットは、互に小間隔をあけて対面する少くとも内、外２層の導電性金属線ネットからなり、そのうち内側金属線ネットは害虫の通過しにくい網目に、外側金属線ネットは害虫の通過を許す網目にそれぞれ形成し、
上記内、外金属線ネットの一方をプラス極、他方をマイナス極として高電圧を印加した、
植物の露地水耕栽培装置。 In the open-side hydroponics tank that holds the plant planting panel in a state where the root of the plant is immersed in the culture solution in the tank of the upper surface opening containing the culture solution,
In the state of covering the plant as a shading net with a lightning insecticidal net on the upper surface of the opening of the outdoor hydroponics tank,
The above-mentioned electric shock insect net consists of at least two inner and outer conductive metal wire nets facing each other with a small gap between them, the inner metal wire net is a mesh that is difficult for pests to pass through, and the outer metal wire net is Each mesh is formed to allow the passage of pests,
In the above, a high voltage was applied with one of the outer metal wire nets as a positive pole and the other as a negative pole.
An open-air hydroponics device for plants.
上記露地水耕栽培槽の開口上面に、電撃殺虫ネットを、遮光ネットとして上記植物を覆った状態で、覆蓋し、
上記電撃殺虫ネットは、四周を囲む四周電撃殺虫ネットと、その上面を覆う上面電撃殺虫ネットからなり、その各電撃殺虫ネットは、互に小間隔をあけて対面する少くとも内、外２層の導電性金属線ネットからなり、そのうち上記四周電撃殺虫ネットにおける内側金属線ネットは小型害虫の通過しにくい網目に、外側金属線ネットは小型害虫の通過を許す網目にそれぞれ形成し、又上記上面電撃殺虫ネットにおける内側金属ネットは大型害虫の通過しにくい網目に、外側金属線ネットは大型害虫の通過を許す網目にそれぞれ形成し、
上記四周及び上面電撃殺虫ネットにおける内、外金属線ネットの一方をプラス極、他方をマイナス極として高電圧を印加した、
植物の露地水耕栽培装置。 In the open-side hydroponics tank that holds the plant planting panel in a state where the root of the plant is immersed in the culture solution in the tank of the upper surface opening containing the culture solution,
In the state of covering the plant as a shading net with a lightning insecticidal net on the upper surface of the opening of the outdoor hydroponics tank,
The above-mentioned electric shock insect net consists of a four-round electric shock insect net that surrounds the four circles and an upper electric shock insect net that covers the upper surface, and each of the electric shock insect nets has at least two inner and outer layers facing each other at a small interval. It consists of a conductive metal wire net, of which the inner metal wire net in the above-mentioned four-round electric shock insect net is formed in a mesh that does not allow small pests to pass through, and the outer metal wire net is formed in a mesh that allows the passage of small pests, and The inner metal net in the insecticidal net is formed in a mesh that is difficult for large pests to pass through, and the outer metal wire net is formed in a mesh that allows the passage of large pests.
In the above-mentioned four-round and top-side electric shock insect net, a high voltage was applied with one of the outer metal wire nets as a positive pole and the other as a negative pole.
An open-air hydroponics device for plants.
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