JP4597572B2 - Equipment for separating tobacco from tobacco cake - Google Patents

Abstract

The tobacco cutting machine (10) has a rotor (11,12) with four apertures (19) accommodating knives or scraper blades (13,14). The knives may be set at 13-24 degrees to the vertical plane of the rotor disk. The disk turns inside a fixed housing (24) with a flat back-plate. The plate has a breather aperture (30) and the tobacco stick (16) is pushed onto the rotor through a second aperture (29). Tobacco flakes fall through an outlet aperture (26) in the bottom of the housing.

Description

  The present invention comprises a rotatable separating means, the rotatable separating means being at least one separating member and a delivering means for delivering tobacco cake into the separating member or a cutting plane formed by each separating member. And an apparatus for separating tobacco from tobacco cake. The apparatus further includes the steps of transferring the tobacco cake into a region of the cutting plane of the rotating separating means comprising at least one separating member, separating the tobacco from the tobacco cake by the separating member, and separating the tobacco A process for separating the tobacco from the tobacco cake.

  Such methods and apparatus are used in the tobacco processing industry. Here, from the so-called tobacco cake consisting of pressurized tobacco leaves, a single small tobacco portion, or similar, is separated and delivered for subsequent processing. In addition, known cigarette cutters that are usually designed as traversing tip cutters cut tobacco slices from tobacco cake using blades arranged radially around the rotating head. The blade moves past the delivery means for the tobacco cake. During the cutting operation, the material to be cut, ie for example separated tobacco, is guided beyond the side of the blade and into a cavity in which a rotating blade carrier is arranged. The separated tobacco guided in the cavity automatically collides with the rotating part, ie the moving part of the cutting head. First of all, such a collision increases the amount of garbage. The separated tobacco is then damaged by impact.

  In other known tobacco cutting machines, the tobacco is separated from the tobacco cake and then slides over the sides of the blade into a so-called groove located under the blade, from which the tobacco is guided to the subsequent extraction system. Is done. The separated tobacco is transported here and rotates in the groove at a high speed, ie approximately the cutting speed of the blade. Due to the deflection of the separated tobacco stream produced by the impact on the groove, the tobacco stream is accelerated to a speed approximately twice the blade cutting speed. Furthermore, since the acceleration takes place within a very narrow groove radius, the tobacco is subjected to very strong stress, which in turn increases the amount of dust and thus reduces the raw materials. After deflection and the acceleration caused thereby, the tobacco is guided tangentially from the cutting drum, impinges on the surface of the lead-out system at an obtuse angle with little deceleration, thereby generating dust again, and related raw materials. decrease. In addition, the latter raw materials are broken by tobacco processing as described.

  The object of the present invention is therefore to reliably provide a device that is easy to manufacture and to reliably separate the tobacco from the tobacco cake and to guide the separated tobacco into the subsequent system. Is to provide a device. Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to propose a method for separating tobacco from tobacco cake in a particularly careful manner and transporting it to the subsequent system.

The above-mentioned problem is that the separating means has a hole first by means of the device of the above-mentioned type and in the region of each separating member, from which the tobacco separated from the tobacco cake is cut from the cutting plane. This is achieved by being designed to be guided to the opposite side of the separating means (11) with respect to (16) . Due to the design of the separating means according to the invention, it is possible in a particularly effective and surprisingly simple manner to carefully separate the tobacco from the tobacco cake and to transport the separated tobacco. This is because it is not necessary to change the direction of the separated tobacco in the process, and immediately after separation from the cutting plane, it can be guided into an existing area separated from the cutting area.

  In an advantageous development of the invention, a cutting area is provided on the front side of the separating means facing towards the tobacco cake and a careful treatment area (careful- treatment zone). Due to the geometry of the separating means, the cutting area and the attention processing area are thus locally separated, so there is no movable member of the device itself in the attention processing area, so that the separated tobacco Is not subjected to any further stress immediately after separation. Thus, the separated tobacco is decelerated only by its own aerodynamic drag. Due to the air flow, cigarettes falling in the direction of the extraction system due to their own weight are guided very carefully at low speed from the cutting area to the extraction system.

  Each hole preferably has a funnel-shaped opening facing away from the tobacco cake of the separating means. This hole shape allows the tobacco to be transported without changing direction, ie almost in a straight line, with the result that the stress on the tobacco is particularly effectively reduced.

  The separating means is advantageously assembled as a cutting plate, in which case the cutting plate is arranged on a shaft defining a rotational axis. Since the separating means is formed as a disc-shaped cutting plate, it is particularly easy to transport the separated tobacco without changing its direction.

  In another preferred embodiment, the separating means is formed as a hollow drum, in which case the hollow drum is rotatable about a rotational axis. Since the separating means is assembled as a hollow drum, the separation of the cutting area and the attention processing area can be achieved in a particularly simple manner, since the hollow drum itself has a geometric shape, and further construction There is no cost required above. Instead, the existing geometric state is used in a surprising way.

  Furthermore, the above object is achieved by a method comprising the steps described above, and immediately after the separated tobacco is separated from the tobacco cake, through the separating means from the cutting plane, the separating means opposite the tobacco cake. It is achieved by automatically guiding to the side. Thus, it becomes possible to carefully separate and guide the tobacco that has just been separated into the subsequent outlet system.

  Further preferred developments and embodiments of the invention are evident from the dependent claims and the description.

  The arrangement of the present invention provides an apparatus and method that reliably guarantees separating tobacco from tobacco cake and guiding the separated tobacco to the subsequent system.

    Particularly preferred embodiments as well as the method according to the invention are described in detail with the aid of the figures.

  The illustrated device is used to cut and guide chopped tobacco in a tobacco cutter.

  In FIG. 1, an apparatus 10 including a separating means 11 is shown. In the present invention, the separating means 11 is formed as a disc-shaped cutting plate 12. The cutting plate 12 has several, preferably eight, separating members 13 which are evenly distributed over the circumference and are usually formed as blades 14. In the figure, four blades 14 are distributed over the circumference. However, the other separating means 13 can be selectively used, for example, as a dividing member, a shearing member or a beating element. The four blades 14, i.e. their cutting edges, are oriented radially and have an adjustable structure. By adjusting and replacing the blade 14, it is possible to compensate for the wear of the blade 14, i.e. the cutting edge, which is caused in particular by polishing the cutting edge. Instead, however, the positions of the cutting plate 12 are all different, in which case the blade 14 is fixed (immovably) to the cutting plate 12.

  The blade 14 forms a cutting plane 15 that extends parallel to the cutting plate 12. The blade 14 has a set angle [alpha] of about 10 [deg.] To 50 [deg.], And the preferred inclination of the blade 14 relative to the cutting plate 15 is about 13 [deg.] To 24 [deg.]. Furthermore, the device 10 has delivery means (not shown), whereby the tobacco cake 16 moves up to the separating means 11, ie the cutting plate 12, thereby entering the region of the cutting plane 15. This delivery means is formed as a conveyor belt, conveyor chain or other conventional delivery means.

  As can be seen from FIG. 2, the cutting plate 12 is disposed on a shaft 17 that is rotatable about a rotation axis 18. The cutting plate 12 itself has a hole 19 in each region of the blade 14. The holes 19 are assembled as passage openings, so that the passages are provided from the front side 20 of the cutting plate 12, where the tobacco cake 16 is handed over to the rear side 21 of the cutting plate 12, where the separated tobacco is led out. The In other words, the cutting plate 12 outlines the cutting area 22 on the front side 20 from within the attention processing area 23 on the back side 21 due to its geometric shape. The attention processing area 23 is surrounded by a housing 24 that isolates the attention processing area 23 almost completely from the surroundings. Only in the bottom region 25 of the housing 24 is a discharge shaft 26 that is capable of delivering the opening, ie the tobacco separated therethrough, to a subsequent outlet system (not shown). Through the holes 19, it is possible for the tobacco separated from the tobacco cake 16 to pass from the front side 20 to the back side 21 without changing the direction, so that the tobacco is transported or transferred almost in a straight line. Is done. In order to allow such a transfer without deflection, it is appropriate that each of the holes 19 has a funnel-shaped opening towards the back side 21 (see in particular FIGS. 3 and 4).

  The housing 24 is releasably attached to the base plate 27. The base plate 27 is preferably disk-shaped like the cutting plate 12, and is arranged in parallel to the cutting plate 12 and spaced from the cutting plate. Therefore, the cutting region 22 is formed between the cutting plate 12 and the base plate 27. In the area in which the tobacco cake 16 is distributed in the cutting area 22 or in the cutting plane 15, the base plate has an opening 28 through which the tobacco cake 16 is conveyed in the direction of the cutting plate 12. be able to. The opening 28 includes a mouthpiece 29 to help properly and accurately dispense the tobacco cake 16. Furthermore, the base plate 27 has at least one further opening 30. This opening 30, some of which are distributed over the circumference, serves to introduce and / or draw an air flow 31 formed from the air circulating into the cutting area 22 or into the attention processing area 23. Basically, air is drawn from the cutting area 22 to form an air flow 31 due to the rotational movement of the cutting plate 12 itself. Opening 30 serves to “breath”. That is, this opening serves to fill the cutting area 22 with air and prevents vacuum in the cutting area 22. A tobacco stream 32 consisting of separated tobacco is assisted by the air stream 31 and carefully transferred from the cutting area 22 into the attention processing area 23. Means (not shown) may be arranged in the region of the base plate 27 to generate the active air flow 31.

  As can be seen in particular in FIGS. 3 and 4, the hole 19 is designed such that at least a part thereof is provided with a straight passage from the front side 20 to the back side 21. In other words, the edge 34 of the hole 19 that is forward in the cutting direction (see arrow 33) and extends in the transport direction of the tobacco cake 16 (see arrow 37) is the blade 14 in the cutting direction. Is formed on the front side of the blade edge 35. The edge 34 has an inclined surface 38 in the region of the front side 20 of the cutting plate 12, which facilitates “feeding” the tobacco separated by this inclined surface into the hole 19. The edge 36 of the hole 19 on the back side of the cutting edge 35 starts from the cutting edge 35 and is first at an acute angle β with respect to the blade 14, preferably at an angle of about 10 °, then at R towards the attention processing area 23. Extends to finish. Due to such a geometric shape, the transport of the tobacco is carried out carefully, in which case there is almost no change in direction from the cutting area 22 into the attention processing area 23.

  5 and 6 show another embodiment of the device 10. The same reference numerals are used as identical parts. The device 10 of FIGS. 1 to 4 is constructed and operated on the same principle on the one hand, and the devices in FIGS. 5 and 6 on the other hand, so there is no detailed description of the same features and structure. . However, in FIGS. 5 and 6, the apparatus 10 has a drum 41 as the separating means 11. Furthermore, this hollow drum 41 has four, in a preferred embodiment, eight separating members 13, ie blades 14, which are evenly distributed on the circumference and correspond to the cutting plane 15. A cutting circle 15 is drawn. The drum 41 itself can rotate around the rotation axis 42. The blade 14 extends in parallel in the direction of the rotation axis 42. A mouthpiece 29 is arranged in the delivery area of the tobacco cake 16, and therefore the cutting area 22 is formed between the tobacco cake 16 and the drum 41. The attention processing area 23 is formed inside the drum 41.

  Similarly to the cutting plate 12, the front side 20 is the side that delivers the tobacco cake 16. The inside of the drum 41 corresponds to the back side 21. The cutting plane 15 in the second embodiment has a slight curve extending parallel to the circumferential surface of the drum 41. The set angle α of the blade 14 with respect to the cutting plane 15 substantially matches the set angle of the first embodiment.

  In the attention processing area 23, in addition to the radially directed air stream 31, a further air stream 43 is supplied. This air flow 43 flows laterally with respect to the drum 41, that is, in the direction of the rotation axis 42. The air flow 43 is generated by suitable means, preferably using a fan (not shown). The air flow 31 may first be formed by the rotation of the drum 41 together with the air flow 43 directed laterally with respect to the drum 41, so that a suction effect from outside to inside occurs in the drum 41. However, the air flow 31 can also be optionally generated by additional means. Reference numeral 44 indicates a cutting direction of the drum 41.

  Below, the method of isolate | separating tobacco from the tobacco cake 16 delivered continuously is demonstrated. The tobacco cake 16 is continuously guided to the cutting plate 12 or the drum 41. Therefore, the tobacco cake 16 is adjacent to the cutting plate 12 or the drum 41. By rotating the cutting plate 12 or the drum 41, the blade 14 moves to a position where the tobacco is separated from the tobacco cake 16. 1-4, the blade 14 strikes the tobacco cake 16 laterally and separates the tobacco from the tobacco cake 16. Separation is cutting, splitting, shearing, etc. and depends largely on the density of the material to be separated. This material need not be dedicated to tobacco. With the apparatus 10 in FIGS. 5 and 6, the separation process begins on the upper side of the tobacco cake 16. The separated tobacco forming the tobacco stream 32 is immediately and directly guided from the cutting area 22 into the attention processing area 23. Transfer from the cutting area 22 into the attention processing area 23 is assisted as required by the air flow 31 drawn by the rotation of the separating means 11 itself. Therefore, the air flow 31 is introduced from the front side 20 to the back side 21 by the cutting plate 12 and from the outside to the inside by the drum 41, whereby the air flow passes through the holes 19. Due to the geometry and arrangement of the holes 19 described above, the tobacco stream 32 is first transferred almost straight into the attention processing area 23. In other words, the cigarette stream 32 is transported without any change in direction that accelerates or breaks. Since the apparatus 10 itself has no components in the attention processing area 23, it is also possible to prevent the cigarette stream 32 from colliding with other components. Therefore, the cigarette flow 32 is decelerated only by its aerodynamic resistance in the attention processing area 23. Furthermore, the delay effect is assisted at various flow rates, caused on the one hand by the small cross section in the region of the blade 14, ie the cutting region 22, and on the other hand by the expanded cross section in the attention processing region 23.

  1-4, the tobacco stream 32 is carefully guided by its gravity and optionally assisted by the air stream 31, and then in the direction of the discharge shaft 26, the tobacco stream 32. 32 collides with the derivation system at low speed. 5 and 6, the tobacco stream 32 in the apparatus 10 is guided from the attention processing area 23 to the outlet opening of the drum 41 by an additional air stream 43.

1 is a front view of a first embodiment of an apparatus for separating tobacco from tobacco cake. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the device according to FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the device according to FIG. FIG. 6 is a detailed enlarged view F of the blade according to FIG. 3. FIG. 6 is a perspective view of another embodiment of an apparatus for separating tobacco from tobacco cake. FIG. 6 is a full sectional view of the side of the device according to FIG.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Apparatus 11 Separation means 12 Cutting plate 13 Separation means 14 Blade 15 Cutting plane 16 Tobacco cake 17 Shaft 18 Rotating axis 19 Hole 20 Front side 21 Back side 22 Cutting area 23 Care processing area 24 Housing 26 Discharge shaft 27 Base plate 28 Opening 29 mouthpiece 30 opening 31 air flow 41 drum 42 rotation axis 43 air flow 44

Claims (23)

A rotating separating means (11), the separating means comprising at least one separating member (13) and a separating member (13) or a cutting plane (15) formed by each separating member, the tobacco cake ( 16) an apparatus for separating tobacco from tobacco cake (16), comprising delivery means for delivering 16)
Within the region of each separating member (13), the separating means (11) has a hole (19), from which the tobacco separated from the tobacco cake (16) is separated from the cutting plane (15) , Device characterized in that it is designed to be guided to the opposite side of the separating means (11) with respect to the tobacco cake (16) . 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the separating means (11) comprises several separating members (13), which are formed as blades (14). 3. The separating means (11) has eight adjustable blades (14), which are evenly distributed over the circumference of the separating means (11). The device described. The blade (14) has a set angle α of about 10 ° to 50 ° with respect to the cutting plane (15), preferably a set angle of about 13 ° to 24 °. The apparatus according to claim 2 or 3. A cutting area (22) is provided on the front side (20) of the separating means (11) facing the tobacco cake (16), opposite to the tobacco cake (16) of the separating means (11). 3. The device according to claim 1, wherein an attention processing area (23) is provided on the back side (21). The tobacco separated from the tobacco cake (16) can be transported without changing the direction from the front side (20) to the back side (21) of the separating means (11). The device according to any one of the above. 7. A hole according to claim 1, characterized in that each hole (19) has a funnel-shaped opening facing away from the tobacco cake (16) of the separating means (11). The device described in 1. Separating means (11) is formed as a cutting plate (12), wherein the cutting plate (12) is arranged on a shaft (17) defining a rotational axis (18). Item 8. The device according to any one of Items 1 to 7. 9. A device according to claim 1, wherein the blade (14) is arranged on the cutting plate (12) such that its cutting edge is directed radially. A base plate (27) is associated with the cutting plate (12) on the front side (20), wherein the cutting plate (12) and the base plate (27) are spaced from each other to form a cutting region (22). 10. The device according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the device is arranged in a position. Device according to claim 10, characterized in that the base plate (27) has a mouthpiece (29) for accurately delivering the tobacco cake (16) into the region of the cutting plane (15). 12. Device according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the base plate (27) has at least one further opening (30) for introducing and / or drawing in an air flow (31). 11. A housing (24) is arranged on the base plate (27) to form an attention processing area (23) on the back side (21) of the cutting plate (12). The apparatus according to any one of 12 above. 14. A device according to claim 13, characterized in that the housing (24) has a discharge shaft (26) for guiding the separated tobacco to the subsequent outlet system. The separating means (11) is formed as a hollow drum (41), wherein the hollow drum (41) is configured to be rotatable about the rotation axis (42). Apparatus according to any one of claims 1-7. 16. A device according to claim 15, characterized in that the blade (14) is arranged in the region of the circumferential surface of the drum (41) and extends parallel to the axis of rotation (42). 17. Device according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that a mouthpiece (29) is provided for accurately delivering the tobacco cake (16) into the area of the cutting circle (15). An air flow (43) is introduced into the attention processing area (23) parallel to the axis of rotation (42) and / or a radial air flow (31) into the attention processing area (23). 18. A device according to any one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that means are provided for cross-introduction. Device according to any one of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that it has a discharge opening on one side for guiding the separated tobacco into a lead-out system followed by a hollow drum (41). . Transferring the tobacco cake (16) into the region of the cutting plane (15) of the rotating separating means (11) with at least one separating member (13), and the separating member (13) to remove the tobacco cake (16 A method for separating tobacco from tobacco cake, comprising the steps of separating tobacco from) and transporting tobacco separated from tobacco cake (16) to a subsequent outlet system;
Immediately after the separated tobacco is separated from the tobacco cake (16), it passes through the separating means (11) from the cutting plane (15) and is opposite the separating means (11) with respect to the tobacco cake (16). method, characterized in that the guide to. 21. Method according to claim 20, characterized in that the transfer of tobacco separated from the tobacco cake (16) is carried out in a straight line from the cutting plane (15) to the side opposite the tobacco cake (16). Transfer from the cutting area (22) in front of the separating means (11) into the attention processing area (23) behind the separating means (11) without changing the direction. The method according to 20 or 21. 23. Method according to claim 22, characterized in that the tobacco separated in the attention processing area (23) is decelerated only by its aerodynamic resistance.

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