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JP4599796B2 - Fuel cell system - Google Patents
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JP4599796B2 - Fuel cell system - Google Patents

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Publication number
JP4599796B2
JP4599796B2 JP2002371407A JP2002371407A JP4599796B2 JP 4599796 B2 JP4599796 B2 JP 4599796B2 JP 2002371407 A JP2002371407 A JP 2002371407A JP 2002371407 A JP2002371407 A JP 2002371407A JP 4599796 B2 JP4599796 B2 JP 4599796B2
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Prior art keywords
fuel
air
pipe
fuel cell
electrode
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JP2004206898A (en
Inventor
康二 小林
宗久 堀口
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Equos Research Co Ltd
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Equos Research Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、燃料電池を備えた燃料電池システムに関する。この燃料電池システムは電気自動車等の移動用電源、あるいは据え置き用電源に用いて好適である。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、固体高分子膜型の燃料電池(PEFC:Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells)が知られている。この燃料電池は、水素極(アノード極)と、この水素極に水素を含む燃料ガスを供給するための燃料室と、空気極(カソード極)と、この空気極に空気を供給するための空気室と、水素極及び空気極間に介在するイオン交換樹脂からなる電解質膜とを有している。また、この燃料電池では、水素極と酸素極との間で効果的に電気化学反応を生じ、効果的に起電力を得るため、水素極及び空気極に各々電解質が形成され、各電解質には白金等の触媒が担持されている。
【0003】
この燃料電池は、起電力を得る駆動時に燃料室に燃料ガスを導入するための燃料導入手段等とともに燃料電池システムを構成する。燃料導入手段としては、水素ボンベ、ポンプ、バルブ、配管等が採用される。
【0004】
この燃料電池システムでは、駆動時において、燃料導入手段により燃料室に燃料ガスを導入し、かつ空気室に空気を導入する等により、水素極と空気極との間で起電力を生じることとなる。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、従来の燃料電池システムにおいては、起電力を得る駆動と、起電力を得ない停止とを繰り返すと、燃料電池の空気極及び電解質膜が劣化しやすいことが明らかとなった。
【0006】
本発明は、上記従来の実情に鑑みてなされたものであって、駆動と停止とを繰り返しても、燃料電池の空気極及び電解質膜が劣化し難い燃料電池システムを提供することを解決すべき課題としている。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
発明者らは、上記課題解決のために鋭意研究を行い、駆動と停止とを繰り返すことにより燃料電池の空気極が劣化する原因が以下の二つの理由によることをほぼ確信した。すなわち、停止時に燃料室内に残留する燃料ガスを空気と置換することが一つの理由である。また、駆動の始まりである始動時に燃料室内に燃料ガスを導入する際、燃料室内の空気から燃料ガスへの置換率と、その置換率を達成するための時間とが二つ目の理由となり得る。
【0008】
つまり、駆動時の燃料電池システムでは、水素極において、H 2 →2H++2eの反応を生じ、空気極において、O2+4H++4e→2H2Oの反応を生じ、水素極と空気極との間に起電力を生じる。ところが、その燃料電池システムを停止し、再び始動する際、水素極に燃料ガスである水素とともに空気が存在すると、水素極における水素で満たされている面において、H 2 →2H++2eの反応を生じ、水素極における水素で満たされておらず、空気が残留している面において、1/2O2+2H++2e→H2Oの反応を生じる。その際、電解質内の酸性度が変化し、空気極においては、C+2H2O→CO2+4H++4e、Pt+2H2O→PtO+2H++2e、Pt→Pt2++2e、2H2O→O2+4H++4e等の反応を生じる。こうして、停止時、燃料電池内において局部電池が発生し、その結果、空気極側の白金の溶出と電解質膜の変色とが生じることにより、空気極が劣化すると考えられる。この推察を経て、発明者らは以下の発明を完成させるに至った。
【0009】
本発明の燃料電池システムは、水素極、該水素極に燃料ガスを供給するための燃料室、空気極、該空気極に空気を供給するための空気室並びに該水素極及び該空気極間に介在する電解質膜を有し、少なくとも該空気極に触媒が担持された固体高分子膜型の燃料電池と、
電磁弁と圧力計とが設けられた配管を有し、駆動時に該燃料室に該燃料ガスを導入するための燃料導入手段と、
停止時に該燃料室内に残留する該燃料ガスを該空気と置換する燃料置換手段と、
始動から該空気極の触媒が溶出する異常反応発生時間までの間であって全量でない所定の置換率になるまで、該燃料室内の該空気が該燃料ガスに置換されるような圧力で該燃料室内に該燃料ガスが供給されるように、該燃料導入手段の該電磁弁を制御する制御手段とを備えていることを特徴とする。
【0010】
本発明の燃料電池システムでは、燃料置換手段により、停止時に燃料室内に残留する燃料ガスを空気と置換するのであるが、制御手段は、始動時に燃料導入手段を制御し、燃料室内(燃料室内の容積)の空気から燃料ガスへの置換率と、その置換率を達成するための時間とを空気極の劣化を防止可能なものとする。
【0011】
したがって、この燃料電池システムでは、駆動と停止とを繰り返しても、燃料電池の空気極が劣化し難い。
【0012】
発明者らの試験結果によれば、置換率が85%以上であり、時間が1.0秒以内であることが好ましく、置換率が95%以上であり、時間が0.6秒以内であることがより好ましい。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
(試験)
まず図1に示す燃料電池スタック1(以下、単に「スタック」という。)を用意する。このスタック1は、2枚のエンドプレート20a、20b間に図示しない集電板及び絶縁板を介して積層体10が挟持されたものである。積層体10は、図2に示すように、MEA(Membrane Electrode Assembly)11をセパレータ12で挟みながら順次積層したものである。MEA11は、イオン交換樹脂(「Nafion」(登録商標)デュポン(株)製)からなる電解質膜11aと、この電質膜11aの一面に一体に形成されたカーボンからなる水素極(アノード)11bと、電質膜11aの他面に一体に形成されたカーボンからなる空気極(カソード)11cとからなる。水素極11b及び空気極11cは電解質膜11aと一体の電解質を有し、各電解質には触媒としての白金が担持されている。全ての水素極11bは一方の集電板に電気的に接続され、全ての空気極11cは他方の集電板に電気的に接続されており、図1に示すように、両集電板の各端子1a、1bはスタック1から突出されている。
【0014】
図2に示すように、各セパレータ12の水素極11b側には燃料室12aが形成されており、燃料室12aによって燃料ガスが水素極11bに供給されるようになっている。他方、各セパレータ12の空気極11c側には空気室12bが形成されており、空気室12bによって空気が空気極11cに供給されるようになっている。燃料室12aは水平方向に開口されており、空気室12bは燃料室12aと直交する方向である垂直方向に開口されている。なお、積層体10の両端のセパレータ12には燃料室12a又は空気室12bだけが形成されている。こうして、一枚のMEA11と一対のセパレータ12とによって個々の燃料電池であるセル10aが構成されている。各セル10aの全ての燃料室12aは、図1に示すように、一方のエンドプレート20aに形成された燃料ガス導入口21及び他方のエンドプレート20bに形成された図示しない燃料ガス導出口に連通している。燃料ガス導入口21及び燃料ガス導出口は燃料導入手段の一部である。また、各セル10aの全ての空気室12bは上下に連通している。
【0015】
このスタック1では、空気室12bだけが形成されたセパレータ12と、このセパレータ12の外側に位置するエンドプレート20bとを貫通する8個の貫通孔30が形成されており、各貫通孔30には空気極11cの電位を測定可能な電位センサ31が取付けられている。
【0016】
そして、このスタック1を図3に示すように構成し、燃料電池システムを組付ける。この燃料電池システムでは、スタック1の燃料ガス導入口21に配管41が接続され、燃料ガス導出口に配管42が接続されている。配管41には圧力計43、電磁弁44及び調圧弁45を介して水素ボンベ46が接続されている。配管42は電磁弁47を介して外気に開放されている。配管41の電磁弁44と調圧弁45との間には配管48が接続され、配管48には調圧弁49、電磁弁50及び圧力計51が設けられている。また、配管41の圧力計43と電磁弁44との間にも配管52が接続されており、配管52には電磁弁53が設けられている。配管48の圧力計51よりも下流は配管52の電磁弁53と配管41との間に接続されている。また、配管52の電磁弁53と配管41との間には配管54が接続されており、配管54は電磁弁55を介して外気に開放されている。配管42の電磁弁47とスタック1との間には配管56が接続されており、配管56はポンプ57、電磁弁58及び逆止弁59を介して外気に開放されている。配管52の電磁弁53より上流は配管56のポンプ57と電磁弁58との間に接続されている。これらのうち、水素ボンベ46、調圧弁45、49、電磁弁44、50、圧力計43、51及び配管41、48、52が起電力を得る駆動時に燃料室12aに燃料ガスを導入するための燃料導入手段である。また、逆止弁59、電磁弁58、55、53、47、ポンプ57及び配管42、56、54、52が停止時に燃料室12a内に残留する燃料ガスを空気と置換する燃料置換手段である。
【0017】
そして、図4に示すように、燃料電池システムの燃料導入手段にコンピュータからなる制御手段60を接続する。以上のように構成された燃料電池システムにおいて、停止時に燃料室12a内に置換された空気を始動によって再度燃料ガスとしての水素で置換する燃料室12aの置換率(%)と、初期性能からの出力変化(%)との関係を測定する。この際、燃料置換手段により、停止時に燃料室12a内に残留する水素を空気と置換する。そして、制御手段60によって所定時間(0.6秒)の間に置換率が80%、85%又は95%以上になるように制御する。
【0018】
また、上記燃料電池システムにおいて、一定の置換率までの到達時間(sec)と、異常反応発生時間(sec/始動毎)との関係を測定する。この際、制御手段60によって燃料導入手段による水素の流速を変更し、最も燃料ガス導入口21に近いセルである入口側セル10aと、最も燃料ガス導出口に近いセルである出口側セル10とについて、水素の流速の順に入口側セル10aをA〜F、出口側セル10aをa〜fとする。結果を図5に示す。図5において、横軸は、95%置換までの到達時間(sec)を示し、縦軸は、異常反応発生時間(sec/始動毎)を示す。なお、異常反応発生時間の0.1秒未満は切り捨てる。
【0019】
図5より、一番水素の流速が早い条件A−aでは、最初のセル10aも最後のセル10aも異常反応が発生しないことがわかる。また、条件A−aよりも水素の流速が遅い条件B−b、条件C−cでは、最初のセル10aで異常反応を生じないものの、最後のセル10aでは、水素の到達まで時間がかかるため、異常反応が起こることがわかる。条件D−d、条件E−e、条件F−fでは、最初のセル10a及び最後のセル10aで水素の到達に時間がかかって異常反応が起こり易いことがわかる。このため、始動時の燃料室12a内の空気から水素への置換率が95%以上であり、時間が1.0秒以内、より好ましくは0.6秒以内であれば、駆動と停止とを繰り返しても、スタック1の空気極11cが劣化し難いことがわかる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】試験に係る燃料電池スタックの分解斜視図である。
【図2】試験に係る積層体の模式断面図である。
【図3】試験に係る燃料電池システムの模式構成図である。
【図4】試験に係る燃料電池システムのブロック構成図である。
【図5】試験に係り、95%の置換率までの到達時間と異常反応発生時間との関係を示すグラフである。
【符号の説明】
11b…水素極
12a…燃料室
11c…空気極
12b…空気室
11a…電解質膜
1、10a…燃料電池(1…スタック、10a…セル)
21、46、45、49、44、50、43、51、41、48、52…燃料導入手段(21…燃料ガス導入口、46…水素ボンベ、45、49…調圧弁、44、50…電磁弁、43、51…圧力計、41、48、52…配管)
59、58、55、53、47、57、42、56、54、52…燃料置換手段(59…逆止弁、58、55、53、47…電磁弁、57…ポンプ、42、56、54、52…配管)
60…制御手段
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a fuel cell system including a fuel cell. This fuel cell system is suitable for use as a moving power source for an electric vehicle or the like or a stationary power source.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) has been known. The fuel cell includes a hydrogen electrode (anode electrode), a fuel chamber for supplying a fuel gas containing hydrogen to the hydrogen electrode, an air electrode (cathode electrode), and air for supplying air to the air electrode. A chamber and an electrolyte membrane made of an ion exchange resin interposed between the hydrogen electrode and the air electrode. Further, in this fuel cell, in order to effectively generate an electrochemical reaction between the hydrogen electrode and the oxygen electrode and to effectively obtain an electromotive force, electrolytes are formed on the hydrogen electrode and the air electrode, respectively. A catalyst such as platinum is supported.
[0003]
This fuel cell constitutes a fuel cell system together with a fuel introduction means for introducing fuel gas into the fuel chamber at the time of driving to obtain an electromotive force. As the fuel introduction means, a hydrogen cylinder, a pump, a valve, piping, or the like is employed.
[0004]
In this fuel cell system, an electromotive force is generated between the hydrogen electrode and the air electrode when the fuel gas is introduced into the fuel chamber by the fuel introduction means and air is introduced into the air chamber during driving. .
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the conventional fuel cell system, it has been clarified that the air electrode and the electrolyte membrane of the fuel cell are likely to be deteriorated when the drive for obtaining the electromotive force and the stop without obtaining the electromotive force are repeated.
[0006]
The present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional situation, and should solve the problem of providing a fuel cell system in which the air electrode and the electrolyte membrane of the fuel cell are unlikely to deteriorate even if the driving and stopping are repeated. It is an issue.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The inventors have intensively studied to solve the above problems, and are almost sure that the cause of the deterioration of the air electrode of the fuel cell due to repeated driving and stopping is due to the following two reasons. That is, one reason is that the fuel gas remaining in the fuel chamber at the time of stoppage is replaced with air. Further, when the fuel gas is introduced into the fuel chamber at the start of driving, the replacement rate from the air in the fuel chamber to the fuel gas and the time for achieving the replacement rate can be the second reason. .
[0008]
That is, in the fuel cell system at the time of driving, a reaction of H 2 → 2H + + 2e occurs at the hydrogen electrode, and a reaction of O 2 + 4H + + 4e → 2H 2 O occurs at the air electrode. An electromotive force is generated between them. However, when the fuel cell system is stopped and restarted, if air is present together with hydrogen, which is a fuel gas, at the hydrogen electrode, the reaction of H 2 → 2H + + 2e occurs on the surface filled with hydrogen at the hydrogen electrode. Occurs, and a reaction of 1 / 2O 2 + 2H + + 2e → H 2 O occurs on the surface of the hydrogen electrode that is not filled with hydrogen and remains air. At that time, the acidity in the electrolyte changes, and at the air electrode, C + 2H 2 O → CO 2 + 4H + + 4e, Pt + 2H 2 O → PtO + 2H + + 2e, Pt → Pt 2+ + 2e, 2H 2 O → O 2 + 4H + Reactions such as + 4e occur. Thus, when the fuel cell is stopped, a local battery is generated in the fuel cell, and as a result, elution of platinum on the air electrode side and discoloration of the electrolyte membrane occur, and therefore the air electrode is considered to deteriorate. Through this inference, the inventors have completed the following invention.
[0009]
The fuel cell system of the present invention includes a hydrogen electrode, a fuel chamber for supplying fuel gas to the hydrogen electrode, an air electrode, an air chamber for supplying air to the air electrode, and between the hydrogen electrode and the air electrode. A polymer electrolyte fuel cell having an intervening electrolyte membrane and at least a catalyst supported on the air electrode;
A fuel introduction means having a pipe provided with a solenoid valve and a pressure gauge, for introducing the fuel gas into the fuel chamber at the time of driving;
Fuel replacement means for replacing the fuel gas remaining in the fuel chamber with the air when stopped;
From the start until the catalyst of the air Kikyoku becomes a predetermined level of substitution not the total amount be between up to abnormal reaction occurs time eluting, fuel at a pressure such as air in the fuel chamber is replaced with the fuel gas And control means for controlling the solenoid valve of the fuel introduction means so that the fuel gas is supplied into the room.
[0010]
In the fuel cell system of the present invention, the fuel gas remaining in the fuel chamber at the time of stoppage is replaced with air by the fuel replacement unit. However, the control unit controls the fuel introduction unit at the time of start-up and controls the fuel chamber (inside the fuel chamber). It is possible to prevent the deterioration of the air electrode from the substitution rate of the volume) air to the fuel gas and the time for achieving the substitution rate.
[0011]
Therefore, in this fuel cell system, even if driving and stopping are repeated, the air electrode of the fuel cell is unlikely to deteriorate.
[0012]
According to the test results of the inventors, the substitution rate is 85% or more and the time is preferably within 1.0 seconds, the substitution rate is 95% or more and the time is within 0.6 seconds. It is more preferable.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
(test)
First, a fuel cell stack 1 (hereinafter simply referred to as “stack”) shown in FIG. 1 is prepared. In the stack 1, the laminate 10 is sandwiched between two end plates 20a and 20b via current collectors and insulating plates (not shown). As shown in FIG. 2, the stacked body 10 is formed by sequentially stacking MEA (Membrane Electrode Assembly) 11 while being sandwiched between separators 12. MEA11, the electrolyte and the membrane 11a, the electrolytic Shitsumaku 11a hydrogen electrode made of carbon, which is formed integrally on one surface of (anode) 11b made of an ion-exchange resin ( "Nafion" (registered trademark) manufactured by Du Pont Co.) When composed of an air electrode (cathode) 11c made of carbon formed integrally on the other surface of the electrolytic Shitsumaku 11a. The hydrogen electrode 11b and the air electrode 11c have an electrolyte integral with the electrolyte membrane 11a, and platinum as a catalyst is supported on each electrolyte. All the hydrogen electrodes 11b are electrically connected to one current collector plate, and all the air electrodes 11c are electrically connected to the other current collector plate. As shown in FIG. Each terminal 1a, 1b protrudes from the stack 1.
[0014]
As shown in FIG. 2, a fuel chamber 12a is formed on each separator 12 on the hydrogen electrode 11b side, and fuel gas is supplied to the hydrogen electrode 11b by the fuel chamber 12a. On the other hand, the air electrode 11c side of each separator 12 is formed with an air chamber 12b, so that the air is supplied to the air electrode 11c by an air chamber 12b. The fuel chamber 12a is opened in the horizontal direction, and the air chamber 12b is opened in the vertical direction, which is a direction orthogonal to the fuel chamber 12a. In addition, only the fuel chamber 12a or the air chamber 12b is formed in the separator 12 of the both ends of the laminated body 10. FIG. In this way, the cell 10a which is each fuel cell is comprised by one MEA11 and a pair of separator 12. FIG. As shown in FIG. 1, all the fuel chambers 12a of each cell 10a communicate with a fuel gas inlet 21 formed in one end plate 20a and a fuel gas outlet port (not shown) formed in the other end plate 20b. is doing. The fuel gas inlet 21 and the fuel gas outlet are part of the fuel introduction means. Moreover, all the air chambers 12b of each cell 10a are connected to the upper and lower sides.
[0015]
In this stack 1, eight through holes 30 are formed through the separator 12 in which only the air chamber 12 b is formed and the end plate 20 b located outside the separator 12. A potential sensor 31 capable of measuring the potential of the air electrode 11c is attached.
[0016]
Then, the stack 1 is configured as shown in FIG. 3, and the fuel cell system is assembled. In this fuel cell system, a pipe 41 is connected to the fuel gas inlet 21 of the stack 1 and a pipe 42 is connected to the fuel gas outlet. A hydrogen cylinder 46 is connected to the pipe 41 through a pressure gauge 43, an electromagnetic valve 44 and a pressure regulating valve 45. The pipe 42 is opened to the outside air via an electromagnetic valve 47. A pipe 48 is connected between the solenoid valve 44 and the pressure regulating valve 45 of the pipe 41, and a pressure regulating valve 49, a solenoid valve 50, and a pressure gauge 51 are provided in the pipe 48. A pipe 52 is also connected between the pressure gauge 43 and the solenoid valve 44 of the pipe 41, and a solenoid valve 53 is provided in the pipe 52. A downstream side of the pressure gauge 51 of the pipe 48 is connected between the solenoid valve 53 of the pipe 52 and the pipe 41. A pipe 54 is connected between the solenoid valve 53 and the pipe 41 of the pipe 52, and the pipe 54 is open to the outside air via the solenoid valve 55. A pipe 56 is connected between the electromagnetic valve 47 of the pipe 42 and the stack 1, and the pipe 56 is opened to the outside air via a pump 57, an electromagnetic valve 58 and a check valve 59. An upstream side of the solenoid valve 53 of the pipe 52 is connected between a pump 57 and a solenoid valve 58 of the pipe 56. Among these, the hydrogen cylinder 46, the pressure regulating valves 45 and 49, the electromagnetic valves 44 and 50, the pressure gauges 43 and 51, and the pipes 41, 48, and 52 are for introducing fuel gas into the fuel chamber 12a when driving to obtain an electromotive force. It is a fuel introduction means. The check valve 59, the electromagnetic valves 58, 55, 53, 47, the pump 57, and the pipes 42, 56, 54, 52 are fuel replacement means for replacing the fuel gas remaining in the fuel chamber 12a with air when stopped. .
[0017]
And as shown in FIG. 4, the control means 60 which consists of computers is connected to the fuel introduction means of a fuel cell system. In the fuel cell system configured as described above, the replacement rate (%) of the fuel chamber 12a in which the air replaced in the fuel chamber 12a at the time of stoppage is replaced again with hydrogen as the fuel gas at the start, and the initial performance Measure the relationship with output change (%). At this time, hydrogen remaining in the fuel chamber 12a at the time of stoppage is replaced with air by the fuel replacement means. Then, the control unit 60 controls the replacement rate to be 80%, 85%, or 95% or more during a predetermined time (0.6 seconds).
[0018]
In the fuel cell system, the relationship between the arrival time (sec) until a certain replacement rate and the abnormal reaction occurrence time (sec / every start) is measured. In this case, controlled by the means 60 to change the flow rate of hydrogen by the fuel introducing means, the most inlet-side cell 10a is the cell close to the fuel gas inlet 21, outlet-side cells 10 is the cell closest to the fuel gas outlet port a , Let the inlet side cell 10a be A to F and the outlet side cell 10a be a to f in the order of the hydrogen flow rate. The results are shown in FIG. In FIG. 5, the horizontal axis indicates the arrival time (sec) until 95% replacement, and the vertical axis indicates the abnormal reaction occurrence time (sec / every start). The abnormal reaction occurrence time of less than 0.1 seconds is rounded down.
[0019]
FIG. 5 shows that under the condition Aa where the flow rate of hydrogen is the fastest, no abnormal reaction occurs in the first cell 10a or the last cell 10a. Also, under the conditions Bb and Cc where the hydrogen flow rate is slower than the condition Aa, no abnormal reaction occurs in the first cell 10a, but it takes time until hydrogen reaches the last cell 10a. It can be seen that an abnormal reaction occurs. It can be seen that under conditions D-d, E-e, and F-f, it takes time to reach hydrogen in the first cell 10a and the last cell 10a, and an abnormal reaction is likely to occur. For this reason, if the replacement rate from the air in the fuel chamber 12a to hydrogen at startup is 95% or more and the time is within 1.0 second, more preferably within 0.6 second, the drive and stop are performed. Even if it repeats, it turns out that the air electrode 11c of the stack 1 is hard to deteriorate.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a fuel cell stack according to a test.
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a laminate according to a test.
FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of a fuel cell system according to a test.
FIG. 4 is a block configuration diagram of a fuel cell system according to a test.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing a relationship between an arrival time up to a substitution rate of 95% and an abnormal reaction occurrence time in the test.
[Explanation of symbols]
11b ... Hydrogen electrode 12a ... Fuel chamber 11c ... Air electrode 12b ... Air chamber 11a ... Electrolyte membrane 1, 10a ... Fuel cell (1 ... Stack, 10a ... Cell)
21, 46, 45, 49, 44, 50, 43, 51, 41, 48, 52 ... fuel introduction means (21 ... fuel gas inlet, 46 ... hydrogen cylinder, 45, 49 ... pressure regulating valve, 44, 50 ... electromagnetic Valve, 43, 51 ... pressure gauge, 41, 48, 52 ... piping)
59, 58, 55, 53, 47, 57, 42, 56, 54, 52 ... fuel replacement means (59 ... check valve, 58, 55, 53, 47 ... solenoid valve, 57 ... pump, 42, 56, 54 52 ... Piping)
60 ... Control means

Claims (4)

水素極、該水素極に燃料ガスを供給するための燃料室、空気極、該空気極に空気を供給するための空気室並びに該水素極及び該空気極間に介在する電解質膜を有し、少なくとも該空気極に触媒が担持された固体高分子膜型の燃料電池と、
電磁弁と圧力計とが設けられた配管を有し、駆動時に該燃料室に該燃料ガスを導入するための燃料導入手段と、
停止時に該燃料室内に残留する該燃料ガスを該空気と置換する燃料置換手段と、
始動から該空気極の触媒が溶出する異常反応発生時間までの間であって全量でない所定の置換率になるまで、該燃料室内の該空気が該燃料ガスに置換されるような圧力で該燃料室内に該燃料ガスが供給されるように、該燃料導入手段の該電磁弁を制御する制御手段とを備えていることを特徴とする燃料電池システム。
A hydrogen electrode, a fuel chamber for supplying fuel gas to the hydrogen electrode, an air electrode, an air chamber for supplying air to the air electrode, and an electrolyte membrane interposed between the hydrogen electrode and the air electrode; A polymer electrolyte fuel cell having a catalyst supported at least on the air electrode;
A fuel introduction means having a pipe provided with a solenoid valve and a pressure gauge, for introducing the fuel gas into the fuel chamber at the time of driving;
Fuel replacement means for replacing the fuel gas remaining in the fuel chamber with the air when stopped;
From the start until the catalyst of the air Kikyoku becomes a predetermined level of substitution not the total amount be between up to abnormal reaction occurs time eluting, fuel at a pressure such as air in the fuel chamber is replaced with the fuel gas A fuel cell system comprising: control means for controlling the electromagnetic valve of the fuel introduction means so that the fuel gas is supplied into the room.
前記燃料導入手段(46等)は、水素ボンベ(46)と、該水素ボンベ(46)と前記燃料電池(10a)のスタック(1)とを接続する第1配管(41)と、該第1配管(41)に設けられた第1電磁弁(44)及び第1圧力計(43)と、該第1電磁弁(44)の上流の該第1配管(41)から該第1電磁弁(44)の下流の該第1配管(41)まで延びる第2配管(48、52)と、該第2配管(48、52)に設けられた第2電磁弁(50)及び第2圧力計(51)とを有することを特徴とする請求項1記載の燃料電池システム。  The fuel introducing means (46, etc.) includes a hydrogen cylinder (46), a first pipe (41) connecting the hydrogen cylinder (46) and the stack (1) of the fuel cell (10a), and the first The first solenoid valve (44) and the first pressure gauge (43) provided in the pipe (41) and the first solenoid valve (41) from the first pipe (41) upstream of the first solenoid valve (44) 44) a second pipe (48, 52) extending to the first pipe (41) downstream of the second pipe (48, 52), a second solenoid valve (50) and a second pressure gauge ( 51). The fuel cell system according to claim 1, further comprising: 前記始動から1.0秒以内で前記置換率85%以上とすることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の燃料電池システム。The fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein that the substitution rate of 85% or more within 1.0 second from the start. 前記始動から0.6秒以内で前記置換率95%以上とすることを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項記載の燃料電池システム。Claims 1 to 3 fuel cell system according to any one of to, characterized in that a within 0.6 seconds from the start the substitution rate of 95% or more.
JP2002371407A 2002-12-24 2002-12-24 Fuel cell system Expired - Fee Related JP4599796B2 (en)

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