JP4601730B2 - Building ventilation structure - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a ventilation structure of a building.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Recent housing tends to improve hermetic performance from the viewpoint of energy saving. As a result of improving airtightness performance, it is often impossible to ensure the necessary ventilation volume with conventional natural ventilation alone, causing problems such as condensation due to water vapor retention and harmful substances generated from building materials. Mechanical ventilation is required.
[0003]
Therefore, local exhaust ventilation fans such as kitchens and bathrooms are used as mechanical ventilation to maintain negative pressure inside the house, and outside air is introduced from the ventilation openings of each living room, and indoor air is directed to local exhaust openings such as the kitchen and bathroom. Flow, and create an air flow throughout the house. Such a ventilation method by exhaust is described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-4082.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
During heating in winter when the air temperature in the building is high compared to the outside, outside air flows from the outside into the building on the outer wall portion of the lower floor as shown in FIG. 4 due to the buoyancy difference between the air in the building and the outside. Force acts in the direction, and temperature difference ventilation occurs in the outer wall portion of the upper floor where force acts in the direction in which the indoor air flows out from the building to the outside. However, in the case of the conventional ventilation structure of the building by the above-mentioned exhaust, force is exerted on the entire outer wall of the building in the direction in which outside air flows from the outside into the building as shown in FIG. Both the temperature difference ventilation force and the mechanical ventilation force cancel each other in the outer wall part of the building, and sufficient indispensable ventilation cannot be obtained in the upper floor room. In addition, the temperature difference ventilation power and mechanical ventilation power are added to the outer wall part of the lower floor, and outside air is introduced more than necessary in the lower floor room, and there is a problem that residents in the building complain of the cold. .
[0005]
The present invention solves the above-described conventional problems, and an object thereof is to provide a building ventilation structure that can continuously ventilate each room without being affected by a temperature difference between inside and outside the building.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the ventilation structure of a building of the present invention exhausts the indoor air from the lower floor part in the building to the outside by supplying the air supply device for introducing outside air into the upper floor part in the building from the outside. A ventilation structure having an exhaust air blower for heating so that a temperature difference ventilation force is generated during heating in winter, and a pressure difference between the inside and outside of the building due to mechanical ventilation does not occur around the boundary between the upper floor and the lower floor The air supply amount by the supply air blower and the exhaust amount by the exhaust air blower are substantially the same, and the operation of supply air and exhaust air is performed simultaneously.
[0007]
According to the present invention, the ventilation structure of a building can be performed continually ventilated for each room is obtained.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a ventilation structure comprising an air supply and blower for introducing outside air into the upper floor portion of a building from the outside, and an exhaust blower for discharging indoor air from the lower floor portion of the building to the outside. However, the amount of air supplied and exhausted by the air supply and blower so that a temperature difference ventilation force is generated during heating in winter and a pressure difference between the inside and outside of the building due to mechanical ventilation does not occur around the boundary between the upper floor and the lower floor. Exhaust volume by the device is almost the same air volume, and air supply and exhaust operation are performed at the same time, with regard to the lower floor part, outside air flows in due to temperature difference ventilation force and exhaust by the exhaust air blower, and with respect to the upper floor part Is characterized in that the indoor air is exhausted to the outside by the temperature difference ventilation force and the air supply by the supply air blower, and in the case where the temperature difference ventilation force during heating in winter occurs, Is outside The outside air flows into the building through the gap of the air due to the temperature difference ventilation force, passes through the room in the room and is discharged to the outside by the exhaust air blower, and the outside air is introduced into the building by the air supply blower for the upper floor part, It has the effect that the room air is discharged by the temperature difference ventilation force from the gap of the outer wall to the outside through the room.
[0009]
Further, the supply air blower for introducing the outside air is provided with a heating means for heating the introduction air, and the heating of the supply air introduced into the building by the heating means provided in the supply air blower By reducing the specific weight difference between the indoor air and the supply air, the supply air stays in the upper floor of the building, reducing the short-circuit rate between the supply air blower and the exhaust blower and reducing the ventilation efficiency. To improve.
[0010]
The ventilation structure includes an air supply and blower for introducing outside air into the upper floor portion of the building from the outside and an exhaust air blower for discharging indoor air from the lower floor portion of the building to the outside. Thus, the amount of air supplied by the air supply and blower device and the exhaust so that a temperature difference ventilation force is generated during heating in winter and a pressure difference between inside and outside of the building due to mechanical ventilation does not occur between the upper floor and the lower floor. Compared with the temperature detection means that detects the temperature inside and outside the building by operating the supply and exhaust air at the same time, and the magnitude of the temperature detected by this temperature detection means. From the difference, it is equipped with control means to control the air volume of the air supply blower and the air volume of the exhaust air blower so that the ventilation rate of the entire building is kept constant, and the ventilation rate of the entire building is kept constant. By maintaining, more than necessary It is possible to suppress the large ventilation.
[0011]
Also, it is equipped with a temperature detection means that detects the temperature inside and outside the building, and a control means that controls the amount of heat generated by the heating means based on the difference between the temperature detected by the temperature detection means The above excessive calorific value can be suppressed.
[0012]
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
[0013]
【Example】
Example 1
As shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, 11 shows a sectional view of an independent house to which the ventilation structure of the present invention is applied, and the indoor space in the house is the first floor room 12a and the second floor room 12b. The first-floor room 12a and the second-floor room 12b are composed of a staircase hall 13 that spatially connects the two-floor room 12b. The outer walls 14a and 14b are provided at the boundary between the living room 12a on the first floor and the living room 12b on the second floor and the outside, and natural supply and exhaust ports 17a and 17b are provided on the outer walls 14a and 14b. The inner walls 15a and 15b are provided at the boundary between the first-floor room 12a and the second-floor room 12b and the staircase hall 13, and the inner walls 15a and 15b are provided with vents 16a and 16b.
[0014]
Also, an air supply outlet 23 is provided in the upper floor portion of the staircase hall 13, and an air supply blower 20 is connected to the air supply outlet 23 through an air supply duct 22. The air duct 21 communicates outdoors. Further, an exhaust suction port 28 is provided in the lower floor portion of the staircase hall 13, and an exhaust blower 25 is communicated with the exhaust suction port 28 through an exhaust duct 27. It is communicated.
[0015]
The air supply blower 20 is provided with an air supply fan 41 for pressure-feeding outdoor air into the building, an electric heater 42 as heating means, and an air supply temperature sensor 44 as outdoor temperature detection means in an air supply device housing 43. The air supply duct 21 communicates with the outdoors, and the air supply duct 22 communicates with the air supply outlet 23. The exhaust blower 25 has a configuration in which an exhaust fan 45 for pressure-feeding indoor air to the outside in an exhaust device housing 46 and an exhaust temperature sensor 47 as indoor temperature detection means are provided. The exhaust duct 27 communicates with the exhaust suction port 28.
[0016]
Further, a supply air temperature sensor 44, an exhaust gas temperature sensor 47, an electric heater 42, an air supply fan 41, and an exhaust fan 45 are connected to a control device 50 as a control means by connection lines 51, 52, 53, 54 and 55. ing. The control device 50 controls the amount of heat generated by the electric heater 42 based on the difference between the temperatures detected by the supply air temperature sensor 44 and the exhaust air temperature sensor 47, and the rotation speed of the supply air fan 41 and the rotation speed of the exhaust fan 45. Is to control.
[0017]
31 indicates the amount of air supplied by the air supply and blower 20, 33 indicates the amount of exhaust due to buoyancy, 36 indicates the amount of air supplied by buoyancy, 34 indicates the amount of exhaust due to the exhaust air blower 25, and 32 and 35 indicate the air flow in the building. . Reference numeral 37 denotes a differential pressure distribution inside and outside the building generated on the outer walls 14a and 14b. When heating in the winter season, when the air supply amount by the air supply fan device 20 and the exhaust air amount by the exhaust air fan device 25 are substantially the same, and the air supply and exhaust air operations are operated simultaneously, the temperature difference between the outside and the building is As the pressure increases, the gradient of the differential pressure distribution 37 inside and outside the building increases, and the air supply amount 36 due to buoyancy and the exhaust amount 33 due to buoyancy increase.
[0018]
With the above configuration, the air supply amount 31 by the air supply and blower device 20 and the exhaust amount 33 by the exhaust air blower device 25 are operated at substantially the same air volume at the same time, so that a pressure difference between the inside and outside of the building due to mechanical ventilation does not occur, and the outer wall 14a and The differential pressure distribution at 14b is the differential pressure distribution 37 shown in FIG. As a result, in the lower floor part, outdoor air is supplied to the lower floor room 12a from the natural air supply / exhaust port 17a of the lower floor and the outer wall 14a of the lower floor by buoyancy, and passes through the vent 16a to the exhaust suction port. 28 is discharged to the outdoors. Further, in the upper floor portion, outdoor air is supplied from the air supply outlet 23 to the living room 12b on the upper floor through the vent 16b, and buoyancy forces the outdoor air from the gap between the upper floor natural air supply / exhaust port 17b and the upper floor outer wall 14b. can be discharged, ventilation structure of a building can be performed continually ventilated for each room can be obtained. On the other hand, as shown in the problem to be solved by the invention in the past, during the heating in winter when the air temperature in the building is high compared to the outdoors, the whole building outer wall is exhausted by mechanical ventilation. Forces act in the direction in which outside air flows into the building from outside, and both the temperature difference ventilation force and mechanical ventilation force cancel out at the outer wall part of the upper floor, and sufficient indispensable ventilation is obtained in the upper floor room In addition, both the temperature difference ventilation power and the mechanical ventilation power are added to the outer wall part of the lower floor, and outside air is introduced more than necessary in the lower floor room, and residents in the building complain of the cold It was a thing.
[0019]
(Example 2)
The supply air supplied from the supply air outlet 23 forms a temperature stratification in the staircase hall 13 by heating the supply air with the electric heater 42 provided in the supply air blower 20. It is difficult to mix with the contaminated air in the lower layer part in the staircase hall 13 by collecting in the upper layer part in the interior, and outdoor air can be efficiently supplied to the living room 12b in the upper floor part. Fresh outside air can be stably supplied to the living room 12b.
[0020]
In addition, in the Example, although the electric heater 42 was used for the heating means with which the supply air blower 20 was equipped, a hot water coil may be used instead of an electric heater, and the effect does not produce a difference.
[0021]
Moreover, in the Example, it was set as the ventilation air blower of another system in the air supply air blower 20 and the exhaust air blower 25, and the air supply air was heated with the heating means with which the air supply air blower 20 was equipped, but a heat exchanger is used. The supplied air may be heated by heat recovery of the exhaust air using the heat exchange air device provided.
[0022]
(Example 3)
When heating in the winter season, when the air supply amount by the air supply and blower device 20 and the exhaust air amount by the exhaust air blower device 25 are substantially the same, and the air supply and exhaust operations are operated simultaneously, the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the building due to mechanical ventilation As the temperature difference between the outside and the building increases, the slope of the differential pressure distribution 37 inside and outside the building increases, and the air supply amount 36 due to buoyancy and the exhaust amount 33 due to buoyancy increase. By controlling the rotational speeds of the air supply fan 41 and the exhaust fan 45 according to the temperature difference detected by the air supply temperature sensor 44 and the exhaust temperature sensor 47, the air supply amount 36 by buoyancy and the exhaust amount by buoyancy When 33 becomes large, when the air supply amount 31 by the air supply and blower device 20 and the exhaust amount 34 by the exhaust air blower device 25 are made small, and conversely, the air supply amount 36 by buoyancy and the exhaust amount 33 by buoyancy become small By increasing the air supply amount 31 by the air supply and blower device 20 and the exhaust amount 34 by the exhaust air blower device 25 and maintaining the ventilation amount of the entire building at a constant amount, excessive ventilation more than necessary can be suppressed.
[0023]
In the embodiment, the exhaust temperature sensor 47 provided in the exhaust blower 25 is used as the temperature detection means in the room. However, any room in the building can be used instead of the exhaust temperature sensor 47 provided in the exhaust blower 25. An indoor temperature sensor provided in the interior may be used, and the supply air temperature sensor 44 provided in the supply air blower 20 is used as an outdoor temperature detection means. An outdoor air temperature sensor provided outdoors may be used instead of the air temperature sensor 44, and there is no difference in the effect.
[0024]
Example 4
By controlling the amount of heat generated by the electric heater 42 according to the magnitude of the temperature difference detected by the supply air temperature sensor 44 and the exhaust temperature sensor 47, an excessive amount of heat generated more than necessary can be suppressed.
[0025]
In addition, in these Examples 1 to 4, the explanation is for the winter season when the air temperature in the building is higher than that in the outdoors, but the period in which the temperature difference between the outdoors and the building is small, such as in the intermediate period or summer season. Since the temperature difference ventilation force hardly acts, by stopping the air supply fan 41 and operating only the exhaust fan 45, the differential pressure inside and outside the building generated on the outer walls 14a and 14b becomes a negative pressure uniformly. Fresh outdoor air can be stably supplied to the living room 12a and the upper floor living room 12b, and stable ventilation can be performed regardless of the season.
[0026]
【The invention's effect】
As is clear from the above embodiments, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a building ventilation structure that has an effect of continuously ventilating each room. In the case of temperature difference ventilation during heating in winter, both the temperature difference ventilation and mechanical ventilation force cancel each other on the upper floor, and both the temperature difference ventilation power and mechanical ventilation force add on the lower floor. However, according to the present invention, the air supply by the air supply and blower is used so that a temperature difference ventilation force is generated during heating in winter and a pressure difference between the inside and outside of the building due to mechanical ventilation does not occur around the boundary between the upper floor and the lower floor. By performing the operation of air supply and exhaust at the same time with the amount of air and the amount of exhaust by the exhaust blower, the pressure difference inside and outside the building due to mechanical ventilation does not occur around the boundary between the upper floor and the lower floor , Regarding the lower floor part, outside air flows into the building through the gap between the outer walls due to the temperature difference ventilation force and exhaust by the exhaust air blower, passes through the indoor room and is discharged to the outside by the exhaust air blower, and for the upper floor part Supply air blower By the introduction of outside air into the building, the room indoor air is discharged by the air supply by the air supply blower and the temperature difference ventilation force to outdoor from the outer wall of the gap through the, performed continuously ventilated in each room . In addition, the air supply air to be introduced into the building is heated by the heating means provided in the air supply air blower, and the air supply air is supplied to the upper floor portion of the building by reducing the specific weight difference between the indoor air and the air supply air. To reduce the short-circuit rate between the air supply blower and the exhaust blower and improve the ventilation efficiency. Moreover, the excessive ventilation more than necessary can be suppressed by maintaining the ventilation amount of the whole building at a constant amount. Moreover, the excessive calorific value more than necessary can be suppressed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a house to which a ventilation structure of a building according to the present invention is applied. FIG. 2 is a structural diagram showing a structure of the ventilation structure of the building. Schematic diagram of flow [Fig. 4] Schematic diagram of air flow when temperature differential ventilation is activated during winter heating in a conventional house [Fig. 5] Schematic diagram of air flow in a house to which a conventional ventilation structure is applied Explanation】
20 Supply air blower 25 Exhaust air blower 42 Electric heater 44 Supply air temperature sensor 47 Exhaust temperature sensor 50 Control device

Claims (4)

A ventilation structure comprising an air supply and blower for introducing outside air into the upper floor part of the building from the outside, and an exhaust air blower for discharging indoor air from the lower floor part of the building to the outside, The amount of air supplied by the air supply and blower device and the exhaust air blower so that a temperature difference ventilation force is generated during heating in winter and a pressure difference between the inside and outside of the building due to mechanical ventilation does not occur around the boundary between the upper floor and the lower floor The amount of exhaust by the air flow is almost the same, and the air supply and exhaust operations are performed simultaneously.For the lower floor part, outside air flows in due to the temperature difference ventilation force and exhaust by the exhaust air blower , and for the upper floor part A building ventilation structure characterized in that indoor air is discharged to the outside by a temperature difference ventilation force and air supply by the air supply and blower .   The building ventilation structure according to claim 1, further comprising a heating means for heating the introduction air in the air supply and blowing device for introducing outside air. A ventilation structure comprising an air supply and blower for introducing outside air into the upper floor part of the building from the outside, and an exhaust air blower for discharging indoor air from the lower floor part of the building to the outside, The amount of air supplied by the air supply and blower device and the exhaust air blower so that a temperature difference ventilation force is generated during heating in winter and a pressure difference between the inside and outside of the building due to mechanical ventilation does not occur around the boundary between the upper floor and the lower floor Compared with the temperature detection means that detects the temperature inside and outside the building by simultaneously operating the air supply and exhaust, and the difference in temperature detected by this temperature detection means Ventilation structure of a building provided with a control means for controlling the air volume of the supply air blower and the air volume of the exhaust air blower so as to maintain the ventilation volume of the entire building at a constant level.   A temperature detection means for detecting the temperature inside and outside the building and a control means for comparing the magnitude of the temperature detected by the temperature detection means and controlling the amount of heat generated by the heating means from the difference. Item 2. Building ventilation structure.

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