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JP4606795B2 - 発射バーの通路を確保する関節動作接続部を備えた外科用ステープラ - Google Patents
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JP4606795B2 - 発射バーの通路を確保する関節動作接続部を備えた外科用ステープラ - Google Patents

発射バーの通路を確保する関節動作接続部を備えた外科用ステープラ Download PDF

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JP4606795B2
JP4606795B2 JP2004202185A JP2004202185A JP4606795B2 JP 4606795 B2 JP4606795 B2 JP 4606795B2 JP 2004202185 A JP2004202185 A JP 2004202185A JP 2004202185 A JP2004202185 A JP 2004202185A JP 4606795 B2 JP4606795 B2 JP 4606795B2
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firing
articulation
end effector
firing bar
shaft
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JP2005028147A (ja
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ダグラス・ビー・ホフマン
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Ethicon Endo Surgery Inc
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/068Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
    • A61B17/072Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
    • A61B17/07207Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously the staples being applied sequentially
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/29Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery
    • A61B2017/2926Details of heads or jaws
    • A61B2017/2927Details of heads or jaws the angular position of the head being adjustable with respect to the shaft
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/32Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B2017/320052Guides for cutting instruments

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)

Description

関連出願
本願は、それぞれ言及することを以って本明細書の一部とする4つの同時係属中の自己の同時出願に関連する。これらの同時出願の名称は次の通りである。
(1)フレデリック・イー・シェルトン4世(Frederick E.Shelton IV)、マイク・セッツァー(Mike Setser)、及びブルース・ウエイスンバーグ(Bruce Weisenburgh)による、「関節動作接続部の高い可撓性を得るためにテーパ状発射バーを備えた外科用ステープラ(SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT INCORPORATING A TAPERED FIRING BAR FOR INCREASED FLEXIBILITY AROUND THE ARTICULATION JOINT)」。
(2)ケネス・エス・ウェールズ(Kenneth S. Wales)及びジョセフ・チャールズ・フエイル(Joseph Charles Hueil)による、「発射バーを支持するための関節動作接続部支持プレートを備えた外科用ステープラ(SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT HAVING ARTICULATION JOINT SUPPORT PLATES FOR SUPPORTING A FIRING BAR)」。
(3)ケネス・エス・ウェールズ(Kenneth S. Wales)、ダグラス・ビー・ホフマン(Douglas B. Hoffman)、フレデリック・イー・シェルトン4世(Frederick E.Shelton IV)、及びジェフ・スウェイズ(Jeff Swayze)による、「長軸に対して回動させる関節動作機構を備えた外科器具(SURGICAL INSTRUMENT INCORPORATING AN ARTICULATION MECHANISM HAVING ROTATION ABOUT THE LONGITUDINAL AXIS)」。
(4)ケネス・エス・ウェールズ(Kenneth S. Wales)による、「横方向に移動する関節動作制御部を備えた外科器具(A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH A LATERAL-MOVING ARTICULATION CONTROL)」。
本発明は、ステープル列の間の組織を切断すると共に複数列のステープルを止めることができる外科用ステープラ器具に関し、詳細には、ステープラ外科器具の改良、並びに関節動作シャフトを含むステープラ器具の様々な構成要素を形成するための製造方法における改良に関する。
内視鏡外科器具は、切開部が小さく、術後の回復時間が短く、合併症がすくないため、従来の開放外科装置よりも好ましい場合が多い。従って、トロカールのカニューレを介して所望の外科部位に先端エンドエフェクタを正確に配置するのに適した内視鏡外科器具が著しく進歩した。このような先端エンドエフェクタは、診断処置または治療処置(例えば、エンドカッター(endocutte)、把持装置、カッター、ステープラ、クリップアプライヤー、アクセス装置、薬物/遺伝子治療送達装置や、超音波、高周波、及びレーザーなどを用いたエネルギー装置)を行うために様々は方法で組織に係合する。
エンドエフェクタの位置合わせは、トロカールによって制限されている。このような内視鏡外科器具は、通常はエンドエフェクタと外科医が操作するハンドル部分との間に長寸のシャフトを含む。この長寸シャフトにより、所望の深さへの挿入、及びその長軸を中心とした回動を行うことができ、エンドエフェクタをある程度満足のいく位置合わせが可能である。例えば、トロカールの慎重な配置と別のトロカールを介した把持装置の使用により、ある程度満足のいく位置合わせが十分に可能である。特許文献1に開示されているような外科用ステープラ/切断器具は、挿入と回動によりエンドエフェクタを適切に配置できる内視鏡外科器具の例である。
手術の性質によっては、内視鏡外科器具のエンドエフェクタの位置合わせを挿入と回動に限定しないで更に調整するのが好ましい場合がある。具体的には、器具のシャフトの長軸に直交する軸にエンドエフェクタを向けるのが好ましい場合がよくある。器具のシャフトに対してエンドエフェクタが直交する方向へ移動することは、従来から「関節動作(articulation)」と呼ばれている。このような関節動作による位置合わせにより、医師が組織に容易に係合させることができるようなる。加えて、関節動作位置合わせにより、器具のシャフトに遮られずに、内視鏡をエンドエフェクタの後側に配置できるという利点が得られる。
上記した非関節動作外科用ステープラ/切断器具は、有用性が高く様々な外科処置に利用することができるが、使用における臨床上の高い柔軟性が得られるようにエンドエフェクタの関節動作を可能にして操作性を高めることが望ましい。関節動作外科器具は通常、1または複数の発射バーを含む。このような発射バーは、器具のシャフト内を長手方向に移動して、関節動作接続部を介して、カートリッジからステープルを発射すると共に最も内側のステープルの列の間の組織を切断する。このような外科器具のよくある問題は、関節動作接続部を通る発射バーの制御である。関節動作接続部では、関節動作中にエンドエフェクタの端部とシャフトの端部が接触しないようにエンドエフェクタがシャフトから長手方向に離間している。1または複数の発射バーが長手方向に発射動作する際に、発射バーが座屈して接続部からはみ出すのを防止するために支持材料または支持構造でこのような空間を埋めなければならない。関節動作接続部内を通る1または複数の発射バーを案内及び支持し、エンドエフェクタが関節動作する際に、これに応じて曲がる支持構造が必要である。
特許文献2に、可撓性接続部すなわち「フレックスネック」で曲がる弾性材料またはプラスチック材料から形成された可撓性関節動作接続部が開示されている。発射バーが、フレックスネック内の中空のチューブによって支持及び案内される。フレックスネックは、ジョー閉止機構の一部であって、ジョーが組織に向かって閉じる時にエンドエフェクタ、シャフト、及び発射バーに対して長手方向に移動する。次いで、発射バーがフレックスネック内を長手方向に移動して、ステープルを発射し組織を切断する。
特許文献3に、フレックス接続部ではなくピンを中心に回動する関節動作接続部が開示されている。この器具では、発射バーが、一端がシャフトに接続され、他端がエンドエフェクタに接続された一対の離間した支持プレート間に支持されている。少なくとも1つのこれらの接続はスライド可能な接続である。この支持プレートは、関節動作平面の可撓性駆動部材に近接した関節動作接続部内に延在し、先端部が整合した位置から一方向に関節動作する時に、支持プレートが関節動作平面の隙間の中に曲がり、可撓性発射バーが支持プレートに対して曲がる。特許文献4に、シャフトに固着され、エンドエフェクタにスライド可能に取り付けられた支持プレートを使用することが開示されている。
これらの既知の支持プレートは発射バーを関節動作接続部内を案内してなお、性能を高めることができると考えられる。具体的には、過度な力をかけずに関節動作できるように支持プレート及び発射バーが十分な柔軟性を有するのが一般的である。加えて、これらの構成部品は、カニューレ通路を介して内視鏡的に使用できるような大きさ及びスペースである。従って、関節動作の時にプレートと発射バーが接触しがちであり、これらが結合したり摩擦が生じたりする。
米国特許第5,465,895号明細書 米国特許第5,673,840号明細書 米国特許第5,797,537号明細書 米国特許第6,330,965号明細書
従って、関節動作接続部を通る発射バーを少ない摩擦で支持できる外科器具機構のための改良された関節動作機構が強く要望されている。
本発明は、側面に配置された支持プレートによって支持された、関節動作機構内を通る、長手方向に移動する発射機構を備えたエンドエフェクタを関節動作させる関節動作外科器具を提供することで、当分野の上記した欠点及び他の欠点を解消する。曲がった支持プレート間を長手方向に移動する時に発射機構が締め付けられるのを防止するために、保持部材が支持プレート間に挿入されている。保持部材が支持プレート間の間隔を保持すると共に関節動作部材に亘って構造的な支持を付与するため、発射機構における摩擦が低減される。
本発明の一態様では、外科器具は、シャフトを介して関節動作機構に伝達される関節動作及び発射動作を引き起こすハンドル部分を有する。関節動作機構が関節動作に応答して、エンドエフェクタをシャフトの長軸から回動させる。発射機構が発射動作に応答して、関節動作機構及びエンドエフェクタを介して動作するために接続されている。一対の支持プレートが関節動作機構に亘って発射機構の側面に配置され、発射機構に近接した保持部材によって離間している。従って、たとえ発射の力が大きくても関節動作機構で座屈しないように、様々なタイプの診断用または治療用エンドエフェクタを関節動作機構に組み込むことができ、内視鏡と共に使用する場合は構成部品を小さくすることができる。
本発明の別の態様では、外科器具は、シャフトによって伝達される発射動作、閉止動作、及び関節動作を引き起こすハンドル部分を有する。シャフトの先端側に接続された関節動作機構が、関節動作に応答してエンドエフェクタを回動させる。エンドエフェクタは、シャフトに接続された細長い溝形部材と、その細長い溝形部材に接続された、シャフトからの閉止動作に応答するアンビルとを含む。発射装置は、細長い溝形部材とアンビルとの間に長手方向に受容された切断縁を先端側に備えている。関節動作機構は、回動動作に応答して細長い溝形部材をシャフトから回動させる。一対の支持プレートが、関節動作機構に亘って発射機構の側面に配置され、保持部材によって離間している。従って、改良されたステープラ/切断器具が、高い発射の荷重に耐え、関節動作の際に発射の力がそれほど増大しない発射装置を備えることができる。
本発明のこれら及び他の目的及び利点は、添付の図面及び以下の説明から明らかになるであろう。
関節動作接続部を通る発射バーを少ない摩擦で支持できる外科器具機構のための改良された関節動作機構が提供される。
本願に含まれ、本願の一部を成す本発明の例示的な実施形態を例示する添付の図面、上記した本発明の要約、並びに後述する実施形態の詳細な説明から、本発明の原理を理解できよう。
各図において、同様の参照符号は同様の構成要素を指すものとする。図1−図3を参照すると、本発明固有の利点を実施することができる外科器具が示されている。この外科器器具は、例示的な実施形態では外科用ステープラ/切断器具10である。具体的には、外科用ステープラ/切断器具10は、図1に示されているような関節動作していない状態で、外科処置を実施するためにトロカールカニューレ通路内に挿入して患者の外科部位まで進める。関節動作機構11及び先端側に取り付けられたエンドエフェクタ12をカニューレ通路内に挿入したら、図2に示されているように、関節動作制御部13によって遠隔的に関節動作機構11を関節動作させることができる。従って、エンドエフェクタ12は、器官の後側に到達させたり、所望の角度で組織に接近したり、または別の理由のために関節動作させることができる。例えば、クランプした組織を切断するEビーム発射バー14(図3)として示されている発射機構が、細長い溝形部材16及び回動可能に取り付けられたアンビル18に係合する。
外科用ステープラ/切断器具10は、実施部分22に接続されたハンドル部分20を含む。実施部分22は、関節動作機構11及びエンドエフェクタ12まで先端方向に延びたシャフト23を含む。ハンドル部分20は、ピストルグリップ24を含む。医師がこのピストルグリップ24に対して閉止トリガ26を回動式に引くと、アンビル18がエンドエフェクタ12の細長い溝形部材16にクランプし閉止する。発射トリガ28が、閉止トリガ26から離間して設けられており、医師がこの発射トリガ28を回動式に引くと、エンドエフェクタ12内にクランプされた組織がステープル止め及び切断される。次いで、解放ボタン30を押してクランプされた組織を解放することができる。
シャフト23の最も外側の閉止スリーブ32が、閉止トリガ26に応答して長手方向に移動し、アンビル18が回動して閉止する。具体的には、関節動作機構11に対して先端側の部分すなわち閉止スリーブ32の閉止リング33が、実施部分22のフレーム34(関節動作機構11に部分的に示されている)によって間接的に支持されている。関節動作機構11において、閉止スリーブ32の基端部分すなわち閉止チューブ35が先端部分(閉止リング)33に接続されている。フレーム34が、細長い溝形部材16に対して回動すなわち同一平面内で関節動作できるように、関節動作機構11を介してその溝形部材16に取り付けられている。フレーム34はまた、発射動作を発射トリガ28から発射バー14に伝達する発射駆動部材36を長手方向にスライド可能に支持している。図3には発射駆動部材36の発射バー14のみが示されているが、様々な形態の回動により制御される関節動作機構11に関連して発射駆動部材36を以下に詳細に説明する。
用語「基端側」及び「先端側」は、器具のハンドルを把持している医師に対して用いられることを理解されたい。従って、エンドエフェクタ12は、基端側ハンドル部分20に対して先端側にある。更に簡潔かつ明確にするために、空間の用語「垂直」及び「水平」は図面に対して用いられる。しかしながら、外科器具は様々な向き及び位置で用いられ、これらの用語が限定及び絶対を意味するものではない。
Eビーム発射バー
図3−図5を参照すると、複数の機能を果たすべくEビーム発射バー14を採用したエンドエフェクタ12が示されている。図3では、発射バー14が基端側に配置されているため、未使用のステープルカートリッジ37を細長い溝形部材16内に装着することができる。詳細には、発射バー14の上部ピン38が、アンビルポケット40として示されている凹部内に受容されているため、アンビル18を繰り返し開閉することができる。図4に示されているようにエンドエフェクタが閉じた状態では、上部ピン38が長手方向のアンビルスロット42内に進入して、発射バー14がアンビル18に係合して前進することができる。発射バー14が溝形部材のスロット45内に延在することにより、最も下のピンすなわち発射バーキャップ44が細長い溝形部材16の下面に係合する。中間ピン46が、発射バーキャップ44と協働して細長い溝形部材16の上面にスライド可能に係合する。従って、発射バー14が発射中のエンドエフェクタ12の間隔を確実に維持し、クランプされた組織の量が過少な場合に起こる締め付けや、クランプされた組織の量が過剰な場合に起こるステープル留め不良が防止される。
発射中に、発射バーの上部ピン38と中間ピン46との間の先端方向を向いた切断縁48が、ステープルカートリッジ37の基端方向を向いた垂直スロット49内に進入して、ステープルカートリッジ37とアンビル18との間にクランプされた組織を切断する。図4に示されているように、中間ピン46が、ステープルカートリッジ37内の発射スロット内に進入して、ステープルカートリッジ37が作動し、ウェッジスレッド41が上昇してステープルドライバ43とカム接触し、次いでステープルドライバ43が、複数のステープル47をステープルカートリッジ37のステープル開口51から押し出してアンビル18の内面のステープルポケット53に接触させ、ステープルが成形される。図5を参照すると、組織の切断及びステープル止めを完全に完了し、先端側に移動した発射バー14が示されている。
2軸ハンドル
図6‐図7を参照すると、ガラス充填ポリカーボネートなどのポリマー材料から成形された第1のベース部分50及び第2のベース部分52から構成されるハンドル部分20が示されている。第1のベース部分50は、複数の円筒状のピン54を備えている。第2のベース部分52は、それぞれが六角形の開口58を備えた複数の延出部材56を含む。円筒状のピン54は、六角形の開口58内に受容されて摩擦により保持され、これにより、第1のベース部分50と第2のベース部分52の組立てが維持される。
ハウジングキャップ60が貫通孔62を備え、これにより、実施部分22に係合してその長手方向の軸を中心に実施部分22を回動させることができる。ハウジングキャップ60は、貫通孔62の少なくとも一部に沿って内側に延びたボス64を含む。このボス64が、閉止スリーブ32の基端部に形成された長手方向のスロット66内に受容され、ハウジングキャップ60の回動により閉止スリーブ32が回動する。ボス64は更に、フレーム34を貫通して発射駆動部材36の一部に接触して、その発射駆動部材36を回動させることを理解されたい。従って、エンドエフェクタ12(図3‐図4には不図示)はハウジングキャップ60と共に回動する。
フレーム34の基端部68は、ハウジングキャップ60内を通って基端方向に延びており、ベース部分50及びベース部分52のそれぞれから延びた対向した溝形部材固定部材72に係合する外周ノッチ70を備えている。第2のベース部分52の溝形部材固定部材72のみが示されている。ベース部分50及び52から延びた溝形部材固定部材72は、フレーム34がハンドル部分20に対して長手方向に移動しないようにフレーム34をハンドル部分20に固定する役割を果たしている。
閉止トリガ26は、ハンドル部分74、歯車部分76、及び中間部分78を有する。孔80が中間部分78を貫通している。第2のベース部分52から延びた円柱状支持部材82が孔82を通り、閉止トリガ26がハンドル部分20に回動可能に取り付けられている。第2のベース部分52から延びた第2の円柱支持部材83が発射トリガ28の孔81を通り、発射トリガに28がハンドル部分20に回動可能に取り付けられている。円筒状支持部材83に六角形の開口84が形成されており、この開口84が第1のベース部分50から延びた固定ピン(不図示)を受容する。
閉止ヨーク86が、往復運動可能にハンドル部分20内に受容されており、閉止トリガ26から閉止スリーブ32に運動を伝達する役割を果たす。第2のベース部分52から延びた支持部材88とヨーク86における凹部89を貫通する固定部材72とによって、ヨーク86がハンドル部分20の内部に支持されている。
閉止スリーブ32の基端部90にフランジ92が設けられており、このフランジ92がヨーク86の先端部96に形成された受容凹部94内にスナップフィットする。ヨーク86の基端部98は、閉止トリガ26の歯車部分76に係合したギアラック100を有する。閉止トリガ26がハンドル部分20のピストルグリップ26に向かって移動すると、ヨーク86、従って閉止スリーブ32が先端側に移動して、ヨーク86を基端側に付勢しているばね102を圧縮する。詳細は後述するが、閉止スリーブ32の先端側への移動により、エンドエフェクタ12の細長い溝形部材16に向かって先端側にアンビル18が回動伝達運動し、基端側への運動によりエンドエフェクタ12が閉じる。
閉止トリガ26は、発射トリガ28の係合面128と相互作用する前面130によって開位置に前方に付勢されている。ハンドル部分20の上部から後部にピン106を中心に回動する第1のクランプフック104により、発射トリガ28は、閉止トリガ26が閉止位置にクランプされるまでピストルグリップ24へ向かった動きが制限されている。フック104は、発射トリガ28のロックアウトピン107に係合して発射トリガ28の動きを制限する。フック104はまた、閉止トリガ26と接触している。具体的には、フック104の前方突出部108が閉止トリガ26の中間部分78上の部材110に係合している。部材110は、ハンドル部分74に向かって孔80の外側にある。フック104は、解放ばね112によって付勢され、閉止トリガ26の部材110に接触して発射トリガ28のロックアウトピン107に係合している。閉止トリガ26が押されると、フック104が上部から後部に移動し、フック104の後方突出部114と解放ボタン30の前方突出部116との間に配設された解放ばね112が圧縮される。
ヨーク86が閉止トリガ26の基端側への移動に応答して先端側に移動すると、解放ボタン30の上部ラッチアーム118が、ヨーク86の基端部下側の上方を向いた凹部122内に落下するまで、ヨーク86の上面120に沿って移動する。解放ばね112により解放ボタン30が外側に押され、これにより上部ラッチアーム118が下方に回動して上側を向いた凹部122内に係合し、閉止トリガ26が組織クランプ位置に固定される。
解放ボタン30を内側に押して、ラッチアーム118を凹部122から出してアンビル18を解放することができる。具体的には、上部ラッチアーム118が第2のベース部分52のピン123を中心に上方に回動する。次いでヨーク86が、閉止トリガ26の戻る動きに応答して基端側に移動する。
発射トリガ戻りばね124が、ハンドル部分20内に配置されており、一端が第2のベース部分52のピン106に取り付けられ、他端が発射トリガ28上のピン126に取り付けられている。発射トリガ戻りばね124は、ピン126に戻る力を付与して、発射トリガ28をハンドル部分20のピストルグリップ24から離れる方向に付勢している。閉止トリガ26もまた、その前面130を付勢している発射トリガ28の係合面128によってピストルグリップ24から離れる方向に付勢されている。
閉止トリガ26がピストルグリップ24に向かって移動すると、前面130が発射トリガ28上の係合面128に係合し、これにより発射トリガ28が発射位置に移動する。この発射位置では、発射トリガ28がピストルグリップ24に対して約45度の角度をなしている。ステープルを発射した後、発射トリガ28が、ばね124によって初めの位置に戻る。発射トリガ28が戻る時に、その係合面128が閉止トリガ26の前面130を押し、これにより閉止トリガ26が元の位置に戻る。ストッパー部材132が、閉止トリガ26がその初めの位置を越えて回動しないように第2のベース部分52から延出している。
外科用ステープラ/切断器具10は更に、往復運動部分134、マルチプライヤ136、及び駆動部材138を含む。往復運動部分134は、実施部分22におけるウェッジスレッド(図6‐図7には不図示)及び金属製駆動ロッド140を含む。
駆動部材138は、第1のギアラック141及び第2のギアラック142を含む。第1のノッチ144が、駆動部材138の第1のギアラック141と第2のギアラック142との中間に設けられている。発射トリガ28が戻る時に、ステープル発射後に駆動部材138をその初めの位置に戻すべく、発射トリガ28の歯146が第1のノッチ144に係合する。第2のノッチ148が、金属製駆動ロッド140の基端部に設けられており、これにより金属製駆動ロッド140を、発射しない位置にある解放ボタン30の上部ラッチアーム118に固定することができる。
マルチプライヤ136は、第1の一体型ピニオンギア150および第2の一体型ピニオンギア152を含む。第1の一体型ピニオンギア150は、金属製駆動ロッド140に設けられた第1のギアラック154に係合している。第2の一体型ピニオンギア152は、駆動部材138の第1のギアラック141に係合している。第1の一体型ピニオンギア150は、第1の直径を有し、第2の一体型ピニオンギア152は、第1の直径よりも小さい第2の直径を有する。
回動関節動作制御
図6‐図9を参照すると、ハンドル部分20に、実施部分22を外科器具10の長軸を中心に回動させ、その長軸に対して所定の角度にエンドエフェクタ12を関節動作させる関節動作制御部13が組み込まれている。中空の関節動作駆動チューブ200が、閉止スリーブ32内に同軸的に配置され、関節動作レバー202に機能的に接続されているため、関節動作レバー202の回動により、チューブ200が長軸を中心に回動し、これにより閉止リング250及びエンドエフェクタ12が直角に回動すなわち関節動作する。この閉止リング250の関節動作は、医師が観察しながら操作する作動レバー202の回動の角度及び向きに一致する。例示されている形態では、この関係は1:1であり、作動レバー202の回動の角度が、シャフト23の長軸からの回動の角度に一致し、これにより医師が感覚的に回動の角度を知ることができる。他の角度の関係も選択できることを理解されたい。
関節動作制御部13は、ハウジングキャップ60に取り付けられた鏡像である一対の関節動作伝達ハウジング204を含む。更に、関節動作伝達ハウジング204は、長手方向に整合した外部タブ206を含む。医師がこの外部タブ206をねじって、関節動作伝達ハウジング204を回動させ、従ってエンドエフェクタ12を実施部分22の長軸に対して回動させることができる。作動レバー202が、シャフト230に対して垂直に上方に開口した円筒状凹部210内に受容された円筒状関節動作本体208に取り付けられている。関節動作本体208の下端部分は、シャフト23に近接した関節動作伝達ハウジング208の開口214内にスナップフィットするプロング212を含む。このプロング212が、関節動作本体208が円筒状凹部210から引き戻されるのを防止している。
環状の歯216が、関節動作本体208の下側部分の周りに配置され、関節動作ヨーク220の歯218と噛合している。関節動作ヨーク220は、閉止スリーブ32に形成された関節動作長方形窓222に亘って延在している。閉止スリーブ32は、エンドエフェクタ12を開閉するために、関節動作制御部13内をスライド式に長手方向に移動可能である。関節動作駆動チューブ200が、固定された関節動作制御部13に対して閉止スリーブ32と共に長手方向に移動する。窓222が、関節動作ヨーク220から内向きに延びたボス224にクリアランスを提供する。ボス224は長方形の窓222を介して関節動作駆動チューブ200のスロット226に係合し、回動動作のために関節動作駆動チューブ200を長手方向に位置合わせする。中空の関節動作駆動チューブ200が、関節動作機構11から閉止スリーブ32内を経て、閉止スリーブ32の固定タブ227の手前まで延びている。タブ227は、関節動作駆動チューブ200の基端面の後側で内側に曲がっており、これにより関節動作駆動チューブ200がシャフト23内に保持される。
関節動作伝達ハウジング204がシャフト23の閉止チューブ35に機能的に接続されていることを理解されたい。組み立てられたベース部分50及び52の先端開口の円形の内側を向いたリップ230に係合する外周溝228をハウジングキャップ60の基端側に設け、ハウジングキャップ60により、関節動作ヨーク220を関節動作伝達ハウジング204内に維持し、関節動作制御部13をハンドル部分20内に維持することができる。
図10及び図11を参照すると、図1及び図2の歯車関節動作機構11が平歯車関節動作機構240として示されている。平歯車関節動作機構240は上記したものと概ね同じであるが、関節動作機構240の他側に追加の関節動作駆動要素を備えているため性能が向上している。関節動作機構240は、閉止スリーブ32内に同軸的に配置された回動可能な中空の関節動作駆動チューブ242を含む。この関節動作駆動チューブ242は、第1の外周部246の周りに設けられた先端側に突出した歯車部分244を含む。歯車部分244は、閉止リング250に取り付けられ、そこから基端側に突出した平歯車248と噛合している。この平歯車248は、閉止スリーブ32から先端側に突出した第1の回動点252及び第2の回動点260を通るピン253を中心に回動する。従って、関節動作回動軸が、第1の回動点252及び第2の回動点260を通り、ピン253により、閉止リング250が閉止スリーブ32に回動可能に接続されている。駆動チューブ242の回動により、歯車部分244と平歯車248が係合し、閉止リング250が第1の回動点252及び第2の回動点260を中心に関節動作する。
中空の関節動作駆動チューブ242と閉止リング250との有効な歯車接触面積を増大させるために、関節動作駆動チューブ242の第2の外周部254が、そこから先端側に面して凹んだ歯車部分256を有する。歯車部分256は、フレーム34によって回動可能に支持された逆転歯車262によって、閉止リング250の反対側から基端方向に突出した第2の平歯車258に機能的に接続されている。逆転歯車262は、一側が凹んだ先端側に突出した歯車部分256に係合し、他側が閉止リング250の第2の平歯車258に係合している。
閉止トリガ26を引くと、中空の関節動作駆動チューブ242及び回動可能に取り付けられた閉止スリーブ32の閉止チューブ35が先端側に移動してアンビル18が閉じる。閉止スリーブ32の閉止チューブ35は、平歯車248及び258の中心のピボット孔264及び266にピン止めされた回動点252及び260とこれらの間に延在するフレーム開口268によって閉止リング33から離間している。フレーム開口268は、関節動作中に閉止リング33の基端部と閉止スリーブ32の閉止チューブの先端部が接触しないように隙間を提供している。
図11に、平歯車関節動作機構240を含む実施部分270の分解図が示されている。フレーム272は、回動式に係合するフレーム基端部のブシュ274を用いてハンドル部分20(図1及び図2を参照)に長手方向に取り付けることができる。フレーム272の中心に整合した長手方向の開口278によって形成されたフレーム溝276が、このフレーム溝276内を長手方向にスライドする発射コネクタ280よりも長い。発射コネクタ280の基端部が、金属製駆動バー140(図6を参照)の先端部にねじ込み式に係合する。発射コネクタ280の先端部にはスロット282が形成されており、そのスロット内に発射バー14の基端部が挿入されピン284で止められる。発射バー14の先端側部分は、関節動作フレーム部材290とフレーム272の両方に係合した発射バースロットガイド288の下側溝286内に配置されている。
関節動作フレーム部材290は、細長い溝形部材16の基端部分の取付けカラー294に取り付けられる溝形部材固定部材292を有する。発射バー14は、関節動作フレーム部材290の下側スロット295内を通過する。関節動作フレーム部材290は、発射バースロットガイド288によってフレーム272の先端部から離間し、弾性コネクタ296によってそのフレーム先端部に関節動作のために回動可能に取り付けられている。弾性コネクタ296の拡張基端部298が、フレーム272の先端部を先端側に接続する上側凹部300に係合し、その拡張先端部302が、関節動作フレーム部材290を基端側に接続する上側凹部304に係合する。従って、細長い溝形部材16が、可撓性部分が介在してハンドル部分20に接続される。
細長い溝形部材16はまた、アンビル18のアンビルピボット308を回動可能に受容するアンビルカムスロット306を有する。関節動作フレーム部材290を覆う閉止リング250の先端側にタブ310が設けられており、このタブ310が、アンビル18上のアンビルピボット308に近接したその先端側のアンビルフィーチャー312に係合してアンビルを開くことができる。閉止リング250が前進すると、その先端側の閉止面314が、アンビル18のタブ312の先端側に位置する傾斜した柱状閉止面316に接触する。このカム動作により、アンビルが下降して閉じ、閉止リング250の閉止面314がアンビル18の平坦な柱状面318に接触する。
支持プレート
図12及び図13を参照すると、シャフト23とエンドエフェクタ12との間の可撓性支持構造と、関節動作に十分な可撓性を有する切断動作が可能な発射バー14の構造とを例示する関節動作回動軸に沿った関節動作機構240が示されている。中空の関節動作駆動チューブ242が、閉止リング33の平歯車248に係合している。これらの図面において、平歯車248を上部回動点252及び下部回動点260で関節動作させるために長手方向に位置合わせする閉止スリーブ32の基端部分35(すなわち閉止チューブ35)が省略されている。
関節動作回動軸を中心とした関節動作を可能にする関節動作機構240の弾性支持には、フレーム開口268を発射バー14が通過する時に座屈するのを防止するべく発射バー14の基端部分の側面に位置する一対の支持プレート400及び402が含まれる。従って、発射バー14は、曲がっている時に大きな荷重を伝達することができる。この発射バー14の基端部分は、関節動作回動軸を中心に曲がるために整合した、ばね材料からなる1または複数の平坦なブレードとして形成された細長いテーパ状の発射ストリップ404として示されている。このテーパ状の発射ストリップ404の先端側は、厚い発射バーヘッド406になっている。この厚い発射バーヘッド406は、切断縁48、上部ピン38、中間ピン46、及び発射バーキャップ44(図12にはピンは不図示)を含む。厚い発射バーヘッド406はまた、発射中の偏向に耐え得るように厚みが大きくなっているため、切断動作及びステープルカートリッジ37の作動を確実に行うことができる。支持プレート400及び402は、関節動作機構240の基端側408または先端側410の一方または両方が降伏係合(yielding engagement)するようにして、テーパ状発射ストリップ404の最大発射荷重を緩和することができる。
一対の支持プレート400及び402のそれぞれは、基端側スライディングばね端部412及び先端側スライディングばね端部414を有する。基端側スライディングばね端部412は、フレーム32のフレームポケット416に受容され、先端側スライディングばね端部414は、関節動作フレーム部材290の端部フレームポケット418に受容されている。これらのポケット416及び418は、関節動作機構240が関節動作して、フレーム開口268が内側に向かって短くなり、外側に向かって長くなった時に、支持プレート400及び402のばね端部412及び414のためにスペースを提供する。エンドエフェクタ12の関節動作の向きが逆になると、ばね端部412及び414の位置が逆転する(不図示)。基端側ばね端部412がフレームポケット416の先端面420に当接しない限り、支持プレート400及び402が、発射バー14の最大発射荷重に応答して降伏し、先端側に移動することができる。
関節動作機構内へのバーの保持
図14及び図15を参照すると、図11に示された関節動作機構に類似した、実施部分22内の発射バー14の支持プレート400と402との間の締付けを防止した関節動作機構500が示されている。加えて、上記した関節動作機構の平歯車接続部の代わりに、図14には、関節動作駆動チューブ504の先端側に取り付けられた傘歯車部分502が示されている。閉止リング506は傘歯車508を含む。閉止リング506はアンビル18に接続されている。閉止チューブ(不図示)はフレーム510を覆い、閉止リング506に回動可能に接続している。関節動作フレーム部材512が、ステープルカートリッジ37を受容する細長い溝形部材16の基端側に取り付けられている。発射バー14は、その基端側に発射コネクタ280が取り付けられており、上記したように長手方向に移動する。
図14及び図15に示されているように、支持プレート400及び402が、弾性コネクタ296(図11を参照)の代わりに、フレーム510の先端部と関節動作フレーム部材512とを離間させて柔軟に連結している。更なる弾性連結部が、発射バー14上に延在する保持バー514によって提供されている。それぞれの保持バー514の横方向の厚みは適切に曲がるように十分薄く、関節動作機構500が関節動作した時に下側の発射バー14が締め付けられないように、支持プレート400と402との間に横方向の十分な空間を得るのに十分な数の保持バー514を備えている。それぞれの保持バー514は、関節動作フレーム部材512の先端側凹部520に係合する先端タブ516と、フレーム510の基端側凹部522に係合する基端タブ518を有する。
本発明は、複数の実施形態の詳細な記載によって本発明を例示したが、出願者は、添付の特許請求の範囲がこのような詳細な記載に限定されることを意図したものではない。当業者であれば、更なる利点及び変更形態が明らかであろう。
本発明は、内視鏡処置及び装置について説明してきたが、ここで用いる「内視鏡」などの用語は、本発明を、単に内視鏡チューブ(すなわちトロカール)を用いた外科用ステープラ/切断器具に限定すると解釈すべきものではない。むしろ本発明は、限定するものではないが開放手術はもちろん、腹腔鏡処置を含め、アクセスが小さな切開部に限定されるあらゆる外科処置に用いることができると考えられる。
別の例では、Eビーム発射ビーム14が、外科用ステープラ/切断器具10を内視鏡的に用いるという利点があるが、同様のEビームを他の臨床処置に用いることもできる。内視鏡処置は腹腔鏡処置よりも一般的であることが広く知られている。従って、本発明は、内視鏡処置及び装置を用いて説明した。しかしながら、ここで用いる「内視鏡」などの用語は、本発明を、単に内視鏡チューブ(すなわちトロカール)を用いた外科用ステープラ/切断器具に限定すると解釈すべきものではない。むしろ本発明は、限定するものではないが開放手術はもちろん、腹腔鏡処置を含め、アクセスが小さな切開部に限定されるあらゆる外科処置に用いることができると考えられる。
更に別の例では、ここに記載した例示的なハンドル部分20が医師によって手動で操作されるが、例えば、空気式、液圧式、電気化学的、または超音波などによって動力が供給されるハンドル部分の一部または全ての機能も本発明の態様に一致している。更に、これらの機能の各制御は、ハンドル部分を手動で操作して、または遠隔操作(無線遠隔制御装置や、自動化遠隔制御装置など)によって行うことができる。
更に別の例では、ステープル止めと切断を同時に行う外科器具が有利であると記載したが、把持装置、カッター、ステープラ、クリップアプライヤー、アクセス装置、薬物/遺伝子治療送達装置や、超音波、高周波、及びレーザーなどを用いたエネルギー装置などの他のタイプのエンドエフェクタで関節動作するシャフト内を通る発射機構を支持することも本発明の態様に一致している。
例えば、弾性的に取り付けられた基端部とばね式に取り付けられた先端部などのように、支持プレート端部の取付けは、固着、弾性的取付け、及びばね式取付けを組み合わせることができる。
本発明の実施態様は以下の通りである。
(実施態様A)
外科器具であって、
関節動作及び発射動作を引き起こすことができるように機能的に構成されたハンドル部分と、
前記関節動作及び前記発射動作を伝達するために前記ハンドル部分に取り付けられた長軸を有するシャフトと、
前記関節動作に応答してエンドエフェクタを前記シャフトの前記長軸から回動させる、前記シャフトを前記エンドエフェクタに接続する関節動作機構と、
前記関節動作機構の先端側に取り付けられた前記エンドエフェクタと、
前記発射動作に応答し、前記関節動作機構及び前記エンドエフェクタを介して動作するために接続された発射機構と、
前記関節動作機構に亘って前記発射機構の側面に位置する一対の支持プレートと、
少なくとも前記発射機構の厚みのスペースが前記一対の支持プレート間に得られるように、前記発射機構に近接して前記一対の支持プレート間に横方向に挿入された支持部材とを含むことを特徴とする外科器具。
(1)前記保持部材が、横方向に積層された複数の保持バーを含むことを特徴とする実施態様Aに記載の外科器具。
(実施態様B)
外科器具であって、
発射動作、閉止動作、及び関節動作を引き起こすことができるハンドル部分と、
前記発射動作、前記閉止動作、及び前記関節動作を個別に伝達できるように前記ハンドル部分に接続されたシャフトと、
前記シャフトに接続された細長い溝形部材と、
前記シャフトからの前記閉止動作に応答する、前記細長い溝形部材に回動可能に接続されたアンビルと、
前記細長い溝形部材と前記アンビルとの間に長手方向に受容された先端側を向いた切断縁を含む発射装置と、
前記関節動作に応答して前記シャフトから前記細長い溝形部材を回動させる関節動作機構と、
前記関節動作機構に亘って前記発射機構の側面に位置する一対の支持プレートと、
前記一対の支持プレートを横方向に離間させるべく、前記発射機構に近接して前記一対の支持プレートの間に挿入された保持部材とを含むことを特徴とする外科器具。
(2)前記保持部材が、横方向に積層された複数の保持バーを含むことを特徴とする実施態様Bに記載の外科器具。
関節動作していない位置にある関節動作外科器具の斜視図である。 関節動作した位置にある関節動作外科器具の斜視図である。 図1及び図2の関節動作外科器具の開いたエンドエフェクタの斜視図である。 ステープルカートリッジ部分及び長手方向の中心線に沿った発射バーを示す、図3の線4−4に沿って見た、図1の外科器具の図3のエンドエフェクタの側断面図である。 発射バーが完全に発射した後の図4のエンドエフェクタの側断面図である。 回動関節動作制御部を含む図1の外科器具の基端部のハンドル部分の側断面図である。 図1の外科器具の基端部のハンドル部分の組立分解斜視図である。 図1の外科器具のハンドル部分の先端部分を右前方から見た、回動関節動作制御機構を示す部分破断図である。 図8のハンドル部分の先端部分を右前方から見た、分解された回動関節動作制御ノブを備えた、回動関節動作制御機構を示す部分破断図である。 発射部分及びフレーム部分が取り除かれた、図1の外科器具の平歯車関節動作機構及びエンドエフェクタを示す上方からの斜視図である。 歯車チューブ関節動作機構を含む図1の外科器具の実施部分の組立分解斜視図である。 薄い発射バーを支持するための支持プレートを含む、図10の歯車チューブ関節動作機構の平面図である。 支持プレートを示すために部分的に破断した、図12の歯車チューブ関節動作機構の側面図である。 図11の支持プレート間に保持バーを含む、図11の実施部分の組立分解斜視図である。 図14の支持プレート、発射バー、及び保持バーの斜視図である。
符号の説明
10 外科用ステープラ/切断器具
11、500 関節動作機構
12 エンドエフェクタ
13 関節動作制御部
14 Eビーム発射バー
16 溝形部材
18 アンビル
20 ハンドル部分
22、270 実施部分
23 シャフト
24 ピストルグリップ
26 閉止トリガ
28 発射トリガ
30 解放ボタン
32 閉止スリーブ
33、250、506 閉止リング
34、272、510 フレーム
35 閉止チューブ
36 発射駆動部材
37 ステープルカートリッジ
38 上部ピン
40 アンビルポケット
41 ウェッジスレッド
42 アンビルスロット
43 ステープルドライバ
44 発射バーキャップ
45 スロット
46 中間ピン
47 ステープル
48 切断縁
49 垂直スロット
50 第1のベース部分
52 第2のベース部分
54 円筒状ピン
56 延出部材
58 六角形開口
60 ハウジングキャップ
62 貫通孔
64 ボス
70 外周ノッチ
72 溝形部材固定部材
74 ハンドル部分
76 歯車部分
78 中間部分
86 ヨーク
89 凹部
102、112、124 ばね
104 第1のクランプフック
107 ロックアウトピン
118 上部ラッチアーム
122 凹部
128 係合面
130 前面
136 マルチプライヤ
138 駆動部材
140 金属製駆動ロッド
141 第1のギアラック
142 第2のギアラック
144 第1のノッチ
146 歯
148 第2のノッチ
150 第1のピニオンギア
152 第2のピニオンギア
154 第1のギアラック
200、242 関節動作駆動チューブ
202 作動レバー
204 関節動作伝達ハウジング
206 外部タブ
208 関節動作本体
210 円筒状凹部
212 プロング
214 開口
216 環状の歯
220 関節動作ヨーク
224 ボス
226 スロット
227 タブ
240 平歯車関節動作機構
244 歯車部分
246 第1の外周部
248、258 平歯車
252、260 回動点
256 歯車部分
253 ピン
262 逆転歯車
264、266 ピボット孔
268 フレーム開口
274 ブシュ
276 フレーム溝
280 発射コネクタ
288 発射バースロットガイド
290 関節動作フレーム部材
292 溝形部材固定部材
294 取付けカラー
295 下側スロット
296 弾性コネクタ
306 アンビルカムスロット
308 アンビルピボット
310 タブ
312 アンビルタブ
314 閉止面
316 柱状閉止面
400、402 支持プレート
404 発射ストリップ
406 発射バーヘッド
416、418 フレームポケット
502 傘歯車部分
508 傘歯車
512 フレーム部材
514 保持バー
516 先端タブ
518 基端タブ

Claims (4)

  1. 外科器具であって、
    関節動作及び発射動作を引き起こすことができるように機能的に構成されたハンドル部分と、
    前記関節動作及び前記発射動作を伝達するために前記ハンドル部分に取り付けられた長軸を有するシャフトと、
    前記関節動作に応答してエンドエフェクタを前記シャフトの前記長軸から回動させる、前記シャフトを前記エンドエフェクタに接続する関節動作機構と、
    前記関節動作機構の先端側に取り付けられた前記エンドエフェクタと、
    前記発射動作に応答し、前記関節動作機構及び前記エンドエフェクタを介して動作するために接続された発射機構と、
    前記関節動作機構に亘って前記発射機構の側面に位置する一対の支持プレートと、
    少なくとも前記発射機構の厚みのスペースが前記一対の支持プレート間に得られるように、前記発射機構に近接して前記一対の支持プレート間に横方向に挿入された支持部材とを含み、
    前記支持部材は前記関節動作機構に亘って前記発射機構上に延在しており、前記支持部材は屈曲可能であることを特徴とする外科器具。
  2. 前記支持部材が、横方向に積層された複数の支持バーを含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の外科器具。
  3. 外科器具であって、
    発射動作、閉止動作、及び関節動作を引き起こすことができるハンドル部分と、
    前記発射動作、前記閉止動作、及び前記関節動作を個別に伝達できるように前記ハンドル部分に接続されたシャフトと、
    前記シャフトに接続された細長い溝形部材と、
    前記シャフトからの前記閉止動作に応答する、前記細長い溝形部材に回動可能に接続されたアンビルと、
    前記細長い溝形部材と前記アンビルとの間に長手方向に受容された先端側を向いた切断縁を含む発射装置と、
    前記関節動作に応答して前記シャフトから前記細長い溝形部材を回動させる関節動作機構と、
    前記関節動作機構に亘って前記発射機構の側面に位置する一対の支持プレートと、
    前記一対の支持プレートを横方向に離間させるべく、前記発射機構に近接して前記一対の支持プレートの間に挿入された保持部材とを含み、
    前記保持部材は前記関節動作機構に亘って前記発射機構上に延在しており、前記保持部材は屈曲可能であることを特徴とする外科器具。
  4. 前記保持部材が、横方向に積層された複数の保持バーを含むことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の外科器具。
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MXPA04006762A (es) 2005-04-19
CA2473506A1 (en) 2005-01-09
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EP1495726A1 (en) 2005-01-12
CN1286433C (zh) 2006-11-29
ES2330434T3 (es) 2009-12-10
AU2004203115B2 (en) 2010-12-02
BRPI0402656B8 (pt) 2021-06-22
BRPI0402656A (pt) 2005-03-29
CN1640365A (zh) 2005-07-20
DE602004022736D1 (de) 2009-10-08
ATE440546T1 (de) 2009-09-15
BRPI0402656B1 (pt) 2017-02-07
JP2005028147A (ja) 2005-02-03
US6786382B1 (en) 2004-09-07
CA2473506C (en) 2012-04-24
AU2004203115A1 (en) 2005-01-27

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