JP4610028B2 - Cement composition and method for producing hardened concrete using the same - Google Patents
Cement composition and method for producing hardened concrete using the same Download PDFInfo
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- JP4610028B2 JP4610028B2 JP35622898A JP35622898A JP4610028B2 JP 4610028 B2 JP4610028 B2 JP 4610028B2 JP 35622898 A JP35622898 A JP 35622898A JP 35622898 A JP35622898 A JP 35622898A JP 4610028 B2 JP4610028 B2 JP 4610028B2
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- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 title claims description 29
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004018 acid anhydride group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- FEIQOMCWGDNMHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=CC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 FEIQOMCWGDNMHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BCAARMUWIRURQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicalcium;oxocalcium;silicate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca]=O.[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BCAARMUWIRURQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006351 engineering plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NVVZQXQBYZPMLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound O=C.C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 NVVZQXQBYZPMLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-M naphthalene-1-sulfonate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)[O-])=CC=CC2=C1 PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006353 oxyethylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001467 poly(styrenesulfonates) Polymers 0.000 description 1
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Landscapes
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、初期養生時に大きい膨張量が得られ、長期間安定した膨張量が得られ、高膨張で高強度のセメント組成物に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術とその課題】
従来から、膨張材は、その使用量をコンクリート1m3当たり35〜80kgと多くして拘束膨張量が250×10-6を越える膨張量でケミカルプレストレスを導入する、ヒューム管、鋼管ライニング、矢板、及びボックスカルバート等のコンクリート二次製品の製造に利用されている。
【0003】
また、通常のコンクリート硬化体は、圧縮強度の1割程度の引張強度しかなく、ひび割れが発生しやすいものであるが、ひび割れ耐力を上げる方法として、鉄筋、鋼管、エンプラ、及び炭素繊維等を併用し、コンクリートの膨張力を鉄筋等に伝え、鉄筋等には引張力を与え、コンクリート硬化体には反力の圧縮力を付与する方法が試みられている。そして、コンクリート硬化体の拘束膨張量が250×10-6以下ではひび割れ耐力の向上が少なく、乾燥収縮により膨張量が減少することも考えられ、250×10-6を越える量の拘束膨張量をコンクリート硬化体に与えて、積極的にケミカルプレストレスを導入するものである。しかしながら、これらの方法では、特に低水セメント比のコンクリートでは、初期養生時に安定した大きな膨張量が得られず、膨張材の膨張が蒸気養生終了後や所定の型枠設置期間後も長期にわたり継続し、鉄筋拘束が弱い部分や、鉄筋の降伏点以上の膨張量で膨張する部分で、ひび割れや強度低下を生じる恐れがあり、高強度と高膨張の両方の性能を安定的に得るのが難しいという課題があった。
【0004】
本発明者は、前記課題を解消すべく種々検討した結果、特定の材料を使用することによって、前記課題を解消できるという知見を得て本発明を完成するに至った。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
即ち、本発明は、普通ポルトランドセメント及び早強ポルトランドセメントからなる群より選ばれる1種以上の単位量250〜600kg/m 3 のセメント、単位量35〜100kg/m 3 のカルシュウムサルホアルミネート系膨張材、単位量1〜10kg/m 3 であり20℃の冷水可溶分5〜90重量%のデキストリン、セメントと膨張材からなる結合材100重量部に対して100〜700重量部であり粗骨材及び細骨材からなる群より選ばれる1種以上の骨材、セメントと膨張材からなる結合材100重量部に対して固形分換算で0.01〜0.352重量部でありポリアルキレン基と酸無水物基を有するポリカルボン酸系減水剤、及び、セメントと膨張材からなる結合材100重量部に対して20〜30重量部の水を含有してなり、その硬化体の促進養生直後の膨張量が、拘束膨張試験方法で250×10−6を越えることを特徴とするセメント組成物であり、該セメント組成物を用いて促進養生することを特徴とするコンクリート硬化体の製法であり、前置き時間1〜72時間、昇温速度20℃/H以下、最高温度40〜80℃、最高温度の保持時間2〜6時間の条件下で蒸気養生した後、脱型して促進養生とすることを特徴とする該コンクリート硬化体の製法である。
【0006】
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
【0007】
本発明で使用するセメントとしては、普通ポルトランドセメントや早強ポルトランドセメントが挙げられる。
普通ポルトランドセメントは、単にセメントの名前で親しまれている全国で最も多く使用されており、早強ポルトランドセメントは、普通ポルトランドセメントより初期強度発現性に優れたエーライトの含有量を多くすること、粉末度を高くすることで短い期間に強さを発揮するようにしたセメントで、コンクリート製品工場や寒冷地の工事などに使用されている。
セメントの使用量は、単位量として250〜600kg/m3が好ましい。250kg/m3未満では安定した膨張量が得られない場合があり、600kg/m3を越えると収縮量が大きくなりひび割れが発生しやすくなる場合がある。
【0008】
本発明の拘束膨張試験方法とは、JIS A 6202コンクリート用膨張材付属書2膨張コンクリートの拘束膨張及び収縮試験方法によるものである。
【0009】
本発明で使用する膨張材としては、カルシウムサルホアルミネート系膨張材等があり、二次製品で使用されている通常タイプや、マスコン用水和熱抑制タイプと通常タイプの併用使用が可能である。
膨張材の粒度は特に限定されるものではないが、通常、2,000〜4,000cm2/gが好ましい。2,000cm2/g未満では未反応物が長期間残存し、耐久性が低下する場合があり、4,000cm2/gを越えると水和反応が早く、所定の膨張が得られない場合がある。
膨張材の使用量は、単位量として35〜100kg/m3が好ましく、40〜80kg/m3がより好ましい。35kg/m3未満では250×10-6以上の膨張量が得られない場合があり、100kg/m3を越えると膨張量が大きすぎて強度が低下する場合がある。
【0010】
本発明で使用するデキストリンとは、それ自身は膨張作用を有しないが膨張材と併用することにより、蒸気養生終了時、特に、コンクリート硬化体の促進養生終了時に膨張力を大きくさせるものである。また、水和熱抑制剤としても使用でき、マスコンクリートにおけるセメントの水和に伴う発熱を抑制し、発熱に伴う硬化コンクリートの温度ひび割れを防止するために使用できる。具体的には、冷水可溶分5〜90重量%のデキストリン、冷水可溶分を取り除いたデキストリン粉粒体等いずれも使用可能であるが、蒸気養生を行った時に、膨張材の膨張量が大きくなり、その後の長期間の水中養生でも膨張が小さいデキストリンが特に望ましい。
デキストリン(以下、膨張助剤という)の使用量は、単位量で1〜10kg/m3が好ましく、2〜5kg/m3がより好ましい。1kg/m3未満では膨張材の膨張量が大きくなる効果が少なく、10kg/m3を越えても効果が増加せず、強度低下を生じる場合がある。
膨張助剤の使用方法は特に限定されることはなく、単独に添加しても、セメントや膨張材にあらかじめ混合しても使用可能である。
【0011】
本発明で使用する骨材としては、川砂、陸砂、砕砂、及び海砂等の細骨材や、川砂利、陸砂利、砕石、及び人工軽量骨材等の粗骨材をいい、通常のコンクリートに使用できるものであれば特に限定されるものではない。
骨材の使用量は、セメントと膨張材からなる結合材100重量部に対して、100〜700重量部が好ましい。100重量部未満では収縮が大きく、ひび割れが発生する場合があり、700重量部を越えると流動性が得られない場合がある。
【0012】
本発明で使用する減水剤は、コンクリートの流動性を改善したり、単位水量を低減させるために使用するもので、高耐久性、高強度発現性、及び高流動性のコンクリートを得ることも可能とするものである。
減水剤としては、高性能AE減水剤、高性能減水剤、及びAE減水剤が使用可能である。具体的には、ナフタレンスルホン酸塩のホルマリン縮合物系、メラミンスルホン酸のホルマリン縮合物系、ポリスチレンスルホン酸塩系、ヒドロキシポリアクリレート、α,β−不飽和ジカルボン酸とオレフィンの共重合体、ポリエチレングリコールモノアルケニルエーテルとマレイン酸系単量体、メタクリル酸単量体から導かれる共重合体、及びスチレン−アクリル酸エステル−マレイン酸系共重合体等のポリカルボン酸系、並びに、変性リグニンスルホン酸化合物等が挙げられ、一部架橋反応で高分子化したものを含みこれらのうちの一種又は二種以上の使用が可能である。これらのうち、ポリカルボン酸系減水剤、特に、分子中のオキシエチレン単位が10〜60モル存在するポリカルボン酸系減水剤が、低水結合材比でのフレシュコンクリートの作業性が良好となる、高い脱型強度が得られる、及び大きく長期間安定なケミカルプレストレスが得られるなどの面から好ましい。
減水剤の使用量は、結合材100重量部に対して、固形分換算で0.01〜4重量部が好ましく、0.05〜3重量部がより好ましい。0.01重量部未満では所定の流動性が得にくく、4重量部を越えてくると分離や強度不足を生じる場合がある。
【0013】
本発明で使用する水量は特に限定されるものではないが、結合材100重量部に対して、20〜80重量部が好ましい。20重量部未満では膨張が著しく遅れる場合があり、80重量部を越えると長期にわたる耐久性が低下する場合がある。
【0014】
セメント、膨張材、膨張助剤、骨材、及び減水剤等使用材料の混合方法は、均一に混合できれば特に限定されるものではなく、モルタルを練り上げてから粗骨材を投入し混合する方法、使用材料をほとんど同時に投入して混合する方法などが可能である。また、膨張材と膨張助剤を混合し使用することや膨張助剤をスラリー状で混合し使用することも可能である。
【0015】
本発明では、脱型までの養生期間の短縮、材齢初期における強度の増加、あるいは、膨張促進の面から促進養生することが好ましい。
ここで、促進養生とは、蒸気養生やセメントの水和熱を断熱材等で保温し、養生温度を常温以上に上げる養生方法である。
促進養生は、例えば、前置き時間1〜72時間、昇温速度20℃/H以下、最高温度40〜80℃で行うことが好ましい。
最高温度の保持時間は、セメントの種類、配合、及び製造品により異なるが、通常2〜6時間である。
最高温度保持後の徐冷は、蒸気供給量や断熱材の厚さ調整などにより放熱して行われ、その速度は10℃/H以下が好ましい。
脱型は、コンクリートと室温との温度差が15℃以下であれば特に制限されるものではない。
【0016】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実験例に基づいてさらに説明する。
【0017】
実験例1
セメントと膨張材からなる結合材の単位量を550kg/m3とし、表1に示す量の膨張材、膨張助剤、並びに、結合材100重量部に対して、148重量部の細骨材と159重量部の粗骨材をミキサに投入し、10秒間空練りし、その後、水29重量部と減水剤PCを、固形分換算で0.2重量部投入し、90秒間練り混ぜ、コンクリートを調製した。スランプは12±2cm、空気量は2.0±0.5%、コンクリート温度は25℃であった。
調製したコンクリートを成形し、初期養生として、前置き5時間、昇温速度15℃/H、60℃で蒸気養生を行い、8時間後徐冷、材齢1日後に脱型し、20℃の水中養生を行った。そのコンクリート硬化体の膨張量、安定性、及び作業性を試験した。結果を表1に併記する。なお、作業性は良好であった。
【0018】
<使用材料>
セメントN:普通ポルトランドセメント、市販品
セメントH:早強ポルトランドセメント、市販品
膨張材 :カルシュウムサルホアルミネート系膨張材、市販品
膨張助剤 :20℃の溶解成分が20重量%デキストリン、市販品
減水剤PC:ポリアルキレン基と酸無水物基を有するポリカルボン酸系減水剤、市販品
細骨材 :陸砂、5mm下、比重2.70
粗骨材 :砕石、Gmax20mm、比重2.60
【0019】
<測定方法>
スランプ :JIS A 1101に準じ測定
空気量 :JIS A 1128に準じて測定
膨張量 :JIS A 6202 B法に準じ測定、直後は、蒸気養生直後、2年後は蒸気養生後に水中養生を行い2年後に測定
安定性 :蒸気養生後に水中養生を行い、(2年後の膨張量)/(蒸気養生直後の膨張量)が1.7以下を良好、2以上を不良とする
【0020】
【表1】
【0021】
実験例2
セメントN、膨張材、及び膨張助剤の単位量を各々485kg/m3、65kg/m3、及び2kg/m3とし、減水剤を表2に示すように配合したこと以外は実験例1と同様に行い、膨張量、乾燥収縮量、及び作業性を試験した。結果を表2に併記する。
【0022】
<使用材料>
減水剤NS:ナフタレンスルホン酸ホルマリン縮合物系減水剤、市販品
【0023】
<測定方法>
乾燥収縮量:膨張量と同様に測定、脱型後、20℃、60%RHで養生し、3ケ月後の乾燥収縮量を測定
作業性 :良好はフレッシュコンクリートの粘性が低く、取り扱いが良好なもの、不良はフレッシュコンクリートの粘性が高く、測定や供試体作製に時間がかかるもの
【0024】
【表2】
【0025】
実験例3
表3に示す配合と、膨張助剤の単位量を2Kg/m3としたこと以外は実験例1と同様に行い、膨張量と圧縮強度を測定した。結果を表3に併記する。
【0026】
<測定方法>
圧縮強度 :蒸気養生後、水中養生を行いJIS A 1108に準じて2年後に測定
【0027】
【表3】
【0028】
【発明の効果】
本発明の膨張コンクリートは、材齢初期に大きな膨張量が得られ、膨張量が長期にわたり安定し、膨張による強度低下やひび割れが無く、ケミカルプレストレスを安定的に利用することが可能となる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a cement composition having high expansion and high strength, which can provide a large expansion amount during initial curing, a stable expansion amount for a long period of time.
[0002]
[Prior art and its problems]
Conventionally, the expansion member, restraining expansion amount by increasing the amount concrete 1 m 3 per 35~80kg introduces a chemical pre-stress in expansion amount exceeding 250 × 10 -6, Hume pipe, steel pipe linings, sheet piles And secondary concrete products such as box culverts.
[0003]
In addition, ordinary hardened concrete has a tensile strength of about 10% of the compressive strength and is prone to cracking. However, as a method of increasing cracking resistance, reinforcing bars, steel pipes, engineering plastics, carbon fibers, etc. are used in combination. However, a method has been attempted in which the expansion force of concrete is transmitted to a reinforcing bar or the like, a tensile force is applied to the reinforcing bar or the like, and a reactive compressive force is applied to the hardened concrete. The restraining expansion of the concrete hardened body is small improvement in crack strength is 250 × 10 -6 or less, drying shrinkage by being also possible that the expansion amount decreases, the restraining expansion of the amount exceeding 250 × 10 -6 It is applied to the hardened concrete to positively introduce chemical prestress. However, in these methods, particularly in concrete with a low water cement ratio, a stable large expansion amount cannot be obtained at the initial curing, and the expansion of the expansion material continues for a long time after the completion of the steam curing and a predetermined formwork installation period. and, rebar restraint and weak, at a portion expanded in the expansion of more than the yield point of the reinforcing bars, carry the risk of causing cracking or strength reduction, to obtain stably both high strength and high expansion performance There was a difficult problem.
[0004]
As a result of various studies to solve the above problems, the present inventor has obtained knowledge that the above problems can be solved by using a specific material, and has completed the present invention.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
That is, the present invention, ordinary portland cement and high-early-strength one or more unit dose 250~600kg / m 3 of cement selected from the group consisting of Portland cement, calcium sulfoaluminate based unit amount 35~100kg / m 3 expanded 100 to 700 parts by weight of coarse material, 100 parts by weight of binder consisting of dextrin, cement and expansion material with a unit amount of 1 to 10 kg / m 3 and soluble in cold water at 20 ° C of 5 to 90% by weight One or more kinds of aggregates selected from the group consisting of aggregates and fine aggregates , and 0.01 to 0.352 parts by weight in terms of solid content with respect to 100 parts by weight of a binder composed of cement and expansion material, polyalkylene groups and acid anhydrides It contains 20 to 30 parts by weight of water based on 100 parts by weight of a polycarboxylic acid-based water reducing agent having a group and a cement and an expanding material, and the amount of expansion immediately after accelerated curing of the cured body is , Koeruko a 250 × 10 -6 in constraining expansion test method And wherein a cement composition, a method of concrete cured product characterized by accelerated curing by using the cement composition, prelude time 1-72 h, heating rate 20 ° C. / H or less, the best A method for producing the hardened concrete body according to the present invention, wherein steam curing is performed under conditions of a temperature of 40 to 80 ° C. and a maximum temperature holding time of 2 to 6 hours, and thereafter, the mold is removed to form an accelerated curing .
[0006]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
[0007]
Examples of the cement used in the present invention include ordinary Portland cement and early-strength Portland cement.
Ordinary Portland cement is the most widely used in the country, which is simply known by the name of cement, and early-strength Portland cement increases the content of alite, which has better initial strength than ordinary Portland cement, A cement made to show strength in a short period of time by increasing the degree of fineness, and is used in concrete product factories and cold district construction.
The amount of cement used is preferably 250 to 600 kg / m 3 as a unit amount. If it is less than 250 kg / m 3 , a stable expansion amount may not be obtained, and if it exceeds 600 kg / m 3 , the shrinkage amount may increase and cracking may occur easily.
[0008]
The constrained expansion test method of the present invention is based on the JIS A 6202 expansive material appendix for concrete 2 constrained expansion and contraction test method for expanded concrete.
[0009]
Examples of the expansion material used in the present invention include calcium sulfoaluminate-based expansion materials, and the normal type used in secondary products and the combined use of a hydration heat suppression type for a masscon and a normal type are possible.
The particle size of the expansion material is not particularly limited, but is usually preferably 2,000 to 4,000 cm 2 / g. If it is less than 2,000 cm 2 / g, unreacted substances may remain for a long time and the durability may be lowered. If it exceeds 4,000 cm 2 / g, the hydration reaction may be fast and the predetermined expansion may not be obtained.
The amount of expanding material is preferably 35~100kg / m 3 as unit dose, 40 to 80 kg / m 3 and more preferably. If it is less than 35 kg / m 3 , an expansion amount of 250 × 10 −6 or more may not be obtained. If it exceeds 100 kg / m 3 , the expansion amount may be too large and the strength may decrease.
[0010]
The dextrin used in the present invention itself does not have an expansion action, but is used in combination with an expansion material to increase the expansion force at the end of steam curing, in particular at the end of accelerated curing of the hardened concrete. It can also be used as a hydration heat inhibitor, and can be used to suppress heat generation due to cement hydration in mass concrete, and to prevent temperature cracking of hardened concrete due to heat generation. Specifically, the cold water soluble content from 5 to 90% by weight of dextrin down, but none of cold water-soluble matter removed dextrin powder or granular material or the like can be used, when subjected to steam curing, the expandable material expansion amount increases, is particularly desirable dextrin down expansion is smaller in the subsequent long-term cured in water.
The amount of dextrin (hereinafter referred to as expansion aid ) is preferably 1 to 10 kg / m 3 , and more preferably 2 to 5 kg / m 3 in unit amount. If the amount is less than 1 kg / m 3 , the effect of increasing the expansion amount of the expandable material is small, and if it exceeds 10 kg / m 3 , the effect does not increase and the strength may decrease.
The method for using the expansion aid is not particularly limited, and it can be used alone or mixed with cement or an expansion material in advance.
[0011]
The aggregate used in the present invention refers to fine aggregates such as river sand, land sand, crushed sand, and sea sand, and coarse aggregates such as river gravel, land gravel, crushed stone, and artificial lightweight aggregate. If it can be used for concrete, it will not be specifically limited.
The amount of aggregate used is preferably 100 to 700 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder composed of cement and expansion material. If it is less than 100 parts by weight, the shrinkage is large and cracks may occur. If it exceeds 700 parts by weight, fluidity may not be obtained.
[0012]
The water reducing agent used in the present invention is used for improving the fluidity of concrete or reducing the unit water volume, and it is also possible to obtain a concrete having high durability, high strength, and high fluidity. It is what.
As the water reducing agent, a high performance AE water reducing agent, a high performance water reducing agent, and an AE water reducing agent can be used. Specifically, formalin condensate of naphthalene sulfonate, formalin condensate of melamine sulfonic acid, polystyrene sulfonate, hydroxy polyacrylate, copolymer of α, β-unsaturated dicarboxylic acid and olefin, polyethylene Polycarboxylic acids such as glycol monoalkenyl ether and maleic acid monomers, copolymers derived from methacrylic acid monomers, and styrene-acrylic acid ester-maleic acid copolymers, and modified lignin sulfonic acids A compound etc. are mentioned, The use of 1 type, or 2 or more types of these is possible including what was polymerized by partial crosslinking reaction. Among these, polycarboxylic acid-based water reducing agents, particularly polycarboxylic acid-based water reducing agents having 10 to 60 moles of oxyethylene units in the molecule, improve the workability of fresh concrete at a low water binder ratio. From the standpoints of obtaining high demolding strength and obtaining chemical prestress that is large and stable for a long period of time.
The amount of the water reducing agent used is preferably 0.01 to 4 parts by weight, more preferably 0.05 to 3 parts by weight in terms of solid content with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder. If it is less than 0.01 part by weight, it is difficult to obtain a predetermined fluidity, and if it exceeds 4 parts by weight, separation or insufficient strength may occur.
[0013]
The amount of water used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 20 to 80 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder. If it is less than 20 parts by weight, the expansion may be significantly delayed, and if it exceeds 80 parts by weight, durability over a long period may be reduced.
[0014]
The method of mixing the materials used such as cement, expansion material, expansion aid, aggregate, and water reducing agent is not particularly limited as long as it can be uniformly mixed, a method of adding coarse aggregate after kneading mortar, It is possible to use a method in which used materials are charged almost simultaneously. Moreover, it is also possible to mix and use an expansion | swelling material and an expansion aid, and to mix and use an expansion aid in a slurry form.
[0015]
In the present invention, it is preferable to perform accelerated curing from the viewpoint of shortening the curing period until demolding, increasing the strength at the early stage of age, or promoting expansion.
Here, the accelerated curing is a curing method in which the heat of hydration of steam curing or cement is kept warm by a heat insulating material or the like, and the curing temperature is raised to room temperature or higher.
The accelerated curing is preferably performed, for example, at a pre-treatment time of 1 to 72 hours, a heating rate of 20 ° C./H or less, and a maximum temperature of 40 to 80 ° C.
The maximum temperature holding time varies depending on the cement type, blending, and manufactured product, but is usually 2 to 6 hours.
The slow cooling after maintaining the maximum temperature is performed by releasing heat by adjusting the amount of steam supplied or adjusting the thickness of the heat insulating material, and the rate is preferably 10 ° C./H or less.
Demolding is not particularly limited as long as the temperature difference between concrete and room temperature is 15 ° C. or less.
[0016]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be further described based on experimental examples.
[0017]
Experimental example 1
The unit amount of the binder composed of cement and expansion material is 550 kg / m 3, and 148 parts by weight of fine aggregate and 148 parts by weight of expansion material, expansion aid, and 100 parts by weight of the binding material shown in Table 1. 159 parts by weight of coarse aggregate was put into a mixer and kneaded for 10 seconds, and then 29 parts by weight of water and a water reducing agent PC were added in 0.2 parts by weight in terms of solid content and mixed for 90 seconds to prepare concrete. . The slump was 12 ± 2 cm, the air volume was 2.0 ± 0.5%, and the concrete temperature was 25 ° C.
The prepared concrete is molded and steam-cured at a heating rate of 15 ° C / H, 60 ° C for 5 hours as an initial curing, gradually cooled after 8 hours, demolded after 1 day of age, and water at 20 ° C Cured. The hardened concrete body was tested for expansion, stability, and workability. The results are also shown in Table 1. The workability was good.
[0018]
<Materials used>
Cement N: Ordinary Portland Cement, Commercial Cement H: Hayashi Portland Cement, Commercial Expansion Material: Calcium Sulfoaluminate-based Expansion Material, Commercial Product Expansion Aid: 20% Dextrin at 20 ° C Dissolved Component, Commercial Water Reduction Agent PC: Polycarboxylic acid type water reducing agent having polyalkylene group and acid anhydride group, commercially available fine aggregate: Land sand, 5mm below, specific gravity 2.70
Coarse aggregate: crushed stone, Gmax 20mm, specific gravity 2.60
[0019]
<Measurement method>
Slump: Measured in accordance with JIS A 1101 Measured air volume: Measured in accordance with JIS A 1128 Measured expansion: Measured in accordance with JIS A 6202 B method. Immediately after steam curing, 2 years later, underwater curing after steam curing, 2 years Later measurement stability: Underwater curing after steam curing, (Expansion after 2 years) / (Expansion immediately after steam curing) is 1.7 or less is good, and 2 or more is bad [0020]
[Table 1]
[0021]
Experimental example 2
Cement N, expansive, and the unit amount of expansion aid respectively and 485kg / m 3, 65kg / m 3, and 2 kg / m 3, except that the water-reducing agent was formulated as shown in Table 2 Experimental Example 1 In the same manner, the amount of expansion, the amount of drying shrinkage, and workability were tested. The results are also shown in Table 2.
[0022]
<Materials used>
Water reducing agent NS: Naphthalenesulfonic acid formalin condensate water reducing agent, commercially available product [0023]
<Measurement method>
Drying shrinkage: Measured in the same way as expansion, after demolding, cured at 20 ° C and 60% RH, and measured dry shrinkage after 3 months Workability: Good, low viscosity of fresh concrete, good handling Things and defects are those in which the viscosity of fresh concrete is high, and it takes time to measure and prepare specimens.
[Table 2]
[0025]
Experimental example 3
The amount of expansion and compressive strength were measured in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1 except that the formulation shown in Table 3 and the unit amount of the expansion aid were 2 kg / m 3 . The results are also shown in Table 3.
[0026]
<Measurement method>
Compressive strength: After steam curing, underwater curing and measured after 2 years according to JIS A 1108 [0027]
[Table 3]
[0028]
【The invention's effect】
The expanded concrete of the present invention can obtain a large expansion amount at the early stage of age, the expansion amount is stable over a long period of time, and there is no strength reduction or cracking due to expansion, and chemical prestress can be stably used.
Claims (3)
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP35622898A JP4610028B2 (en) | 1998-12-15 | 1998-12-15 | Cement composition and method for producing hardened concrete using the same |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP35622898A JP4610028B2 (en) | 1998-12-15 | 1998-12-15 | Cement composition and method for producing hardened concrete using the same |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007124032A Division JP2007197322A (en) | 2007-05-09 | 2007-05-09 | Cement composition and method for producing hardened concrete using the same |
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| JP2000178053A JP2000178053A (en) | 2000-06-27 |
| JP4610028B2 true JP4610028B2 (en) | 2011-01-12 |
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| JP4137072B2 (en) * | 2005-03-23 | 2008-08-20 | 学校法人 中央大学 | Cement composition |
| JP4137071B2 (en) * | 2005-03-23 | 2008-08-20 | 学校法人 中央大学 | Cement composition |
| JP6207935B2 (en) * | 2013-09-03 | 2017-10-04 | 住友大阪セメント株式会社 | Method for producing high-strength concrete |
| CN113511833B (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2022-08-26 | 山东建筑大学 | Expanding agent for steel pipe concrete and preparation method thereof |
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