JP4620211B2

JP4620211B2 - Insulating decorative material and insulating insulating member

Info

Publication number: JP4620211B2
Application number: JP2000096477A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 弘徳上山
Original assignee: Dai Nippon Printing Co Ltd
Current assignee: Dai Nippon Printing Co Ltd
Priority date: 2000-03-31
Filing date: 2000-03-31
Publication date: 2011-01-26
Anticipated expiration: 2020-03-31
Also published as: JP2001277396A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、建築物、建具、及び乗り物等の内装や外装に用いられる断熱化粧材と、それを金属等の基材に積層して得られる断熱化粧部材に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来より、扉や壁等として、金属基材や無機質基材等の表面を、天然木等の絵柄や色調に化粧することが、上記の如き各種用途で使用されている。この様な、場合、例えば、樹脂シートに印刷等で装飾処理を施したシート状の化粧材を、金属等の基材に貼着し積層して化粧部材としている。
【０００３】
ところで、基材が特に鉄、アルミニウム等の金属の場合には、化粧部材の熱伝導率が高くなる為、夏期の冷房や冬季の暖房時に、保冷や保温の断熱効果が不十分となったり、室内暖房時に結露が生じたり、或いは日光に当たって加熱され熱膨張による反りが生じたりする、問題があった。
そこで従来の断熱化粧材や断熱化粧部材では、断熱の為に硬質ウレタンフォーム等の断熱材からなる断熱層を設けた構成とする事が主流であった。
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、近年の地球温暖化防止、オゾン層破壊などの環境問題から、ウレタンフォームの発泡にフロンガスを用いると共に、その低熱伝導を利用した断熱材は徐々に好まれなくなってきた。また、代替フロンガスとして近年水発泡タイプの硬質ウレタンフォームが用いられてきたが、断熱性は従来のものから比べて劣るものであった。
【０００５】
そこで、本発明の課題は、金属等の基材に積層しても、保冷や保温等の優れた断熱効果が得られ、反りや結露を生じない様にできる上、フロンガスを使用しないで済む断熱化粧材と、それを用いて得られる断熱化粧部材を提供することである。
【０００６】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するために、本発明の断熱化粧材では、化粧層の裏側に断熱層が設けられてなり、該断熱層は粉体が真空包装されてなる断熱層であって、且つ前記粉体が透気性シート同士の固定部により複数の小室に区画された内包に包まれ、更に前記内包の外側を気体遮断性シートからなる外包で包み真空包装してなる構成とした。
【０００７】
この様な構成とする事で、断熱層にはウレタンフォームを使用しないので、地球環境上問題となるフロンガスを使用せずに、保冷や保温の断熱性能が得られる。しかも、断熱層に用いる真空包装中の粉体は、内側が透気性シートで内包し且つ外側は気体遮断性シートで外包してあるので、断熱層を、その内部を真空引きして作成する時に、内側の透気性シートによって粉体が舞うのを抑え、製造も容易な化粧材となる。また、粉体も同時に真空吸引されてしまうのを防げ、粉体の減量による断熱性能低下も無い。
【０００８】
また、本発明の断熱化粧材は、上記構成に於いて更に、透気性シートの透気度が０．０１〜１０００ｓ／１００ｃｍ³である構成とする。
【０００９】
この様な透気度の透気性シートを使用する事で、真空吸引を阻害する事なく粉体が舞うのを確実の抑える事ができる。
【００１０】
また、本発明の断熱化粧部材は、上記いずれかの断熱化粧材が、その裏側面で直接又はその他の層を介して、基材に積層されてなる構成とした。
【００１１】
この様な構成とする事で、上述断熱化粧材で延べた効果が得られる。そして、例えば、冬季の暖房等によって起こる結露や反りの問題等を防げる。
【００１２】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、図面を参照しながら、本発明の実施の形態を説明する。
【００１３】
概要：
先ず、図１の断面図で、本発明の断熱化粧材の基本的な構成を説明する。図に例示する如く、本発明の断熱化粧材Ｓは、化粧層１の裏側に断熱層２が設けられ、その断熱層２は粉体３が真空包装された構造で、しかもその真空包装は粉体３が透気性シート４により内包され更に、その外側を気体遮断性シート５で外包された構造となっている、断熱化粧材である。
また、図９（Ａ）の断面図でその一形態を例示する如く、本発明の断熱化粧部材Ｄは、本発明の断熱化粧材Ｓが、その裏側（すなわち断熱層２側）面で、直接又はその他の層（同図では接着剤層７）を介して、金属等からなる基材８に積層された構成の化粧部材である。
【００１４】
断熱化粧材：
以下、先ず断熱化粧材の化粧層から順に更に詳述する。
【００１５】
〔化粧層〕
化粧層１は、断熱層２の上側に、直接、又は接着剤層等の他の層を介して積層される。或いは、この化粧層１の下側に、直接、又は接着剤層等の他の層を介して、断熱層２を積層する。
【００１６】
化粧層１は、例えば図２及び図３の断面図で示す各種形態例の断熱化粧材Ｓの様に、化粧層１の構成要素として基材シート１１を用いることができる。基材シートは、通常、厚さ２０〜２００μｍ程度である。基材シート自体で所望の意匠外観を表現できれば、基材シートをそのまま化粧層として用いることができるが、通常は、基材シートに対して装飾処理を施したものを化粧層とする。
【００１７】
（基材シート）
基材シート１１としては、例えば、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリメチルペンテン、エチレン−プロピレン共重合体、エチレン−プロピレン−ブテン共重合体、エチレン−ビニルアルコール共重合体、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体等のポリオレフィン系樹脂、ポリ（メタ）アクリル酸メチル、ポリ（メタ）アクリル酸エチル、ポリ（メタ）アクリル酸ブチル、（メタ）アクリル酸エチル−（メタ）アクリル酸ブチル共重合体、（メタ）アクリル酸メチル−スチレン共重合体、（メタ）アクリル酸メチル−（メタ）アクリル酸ブチル−（メタ）アクリル酸−２−ヒドロキシエチル共重合体等のアクリル樹脂（ここで、（メタ）アクリルとは、アクリル又はメタクリルの意味で用いる。）、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート等のポリエステル樹脂、塩化ビニル樹脂、ナイロン、ＡＢＳ（アクリロニトリル−ブタジエン−スチレン共重合体）、ポリスチレン等の樹脂、ガラス繊維、石綿、チタン酸カリウム繊維、アルミナ繊維、シリカ繊維、炭素繊維等の無機質繊維、ポリエステル繊維、ビニロン繊維等の有機樹脂繊維等の織布又は不織布等が挙げられる。また、これらの単層の他、２層以上の積層体を基材シートとして用いることもできる。
【００１８】
（装飾処理）
基材シートに対する装飾処理としては、化粧シートに於ける従来公知のもので良く、特に制限は無い。例えば、基材シート表面に絵柄層、金属薄膜層等を形成したり、基材シート表面に凹凸模様を施したり、或いは基材シートが樹脂の場合には、染料、顔料等の着色剤を練り込んだり、或いはこれらの組み合わせとする。或いは、また別の第二の基材シートにそれらの装飾処理を施したものを、（第一の）基材シートに積層する事で（第一の）基材シートを装飾処理する事もある。
【００１９】
ここで、特に化粧層の各種形態例を主体に例示した図２及び図３で例示する各種断熱化粧材Ｓを参照しながら、化粧層１に於いて基材シート１１に対して行う各種装飾処理の例を説明する。
【００２０】
図２（Ａ）の断熱化粧材Ｓは、化粧層１の裏側に本発明特有の断熱層２が積層された構成のものであるが、図２（Ａ）に於ける化粧層１は、着色剤添加による装飾処理の例であり、樹脂シート等からなる基材シート１１に対して、その内部に着色剤ａが練り込み等によって添加され着色されて、基材シート１１自体が化粧層１自体となった例である。
【００２１】
次に、図２（Ｂ）に示す断熱化粧材Ｓに於ける化粧層１は、基材シート１１に対する装飾処理として、基材シート１１の表側に絵柄層１２が印刷等で形成された例である。
【００２２】
次に、図２（Ｃ）に示す断熱化粧材Ｓに於ける化粧層１は、図２（Ｂ）において、装飾処理として、絵柄層１２の形成の代わりに、エンボス加工等によって凹凸模様１３が基材シート１１の表側に形成された例である。
【００２３】
次に、図２（Ｄ）に示す断熱化粧材Ｓに於ける化粧層１は、図２（Ｃ）において、装飾処理として、更に、凹凸模様１３の凹部内部にワイピング加工等によって着色部１４が形成され例である。
【００２４】
次に、図３の断面図で例示する断熱化粧材Ｓに於ける化粧層１は、図２（Ｂ）において、装飾処理として、更に、絵柄層１２が形成された基材シート１１の表側面に、表面保護層１５が形成された例である。
【００２５】
前記着色剤ａとしては、チタン白、亜鉛華、弁柄、朱、群青、コバルトブルー、チタン黄、黄鉛、カーボンブラック等の無機顔料、イソインドリノン、ハンザイエロー、キナクリドン、パーマネントレッド４Ｒ、フタロシアニンブルー、インダスレンブルーＲＳ、アニリンブラック等の有機顔料（或いは染料も含む）、アルミニウム、真鍮等の箔粉からなる金属顔料（或いは染料も含む）、二酸化チタン被覆雲母、塩基性炭酸鉛等の箔粉からなる真珠光沢（パール）顔料等がある。これらは、粉末或いは鱗片状箔片として添加、分散せしめられる。
【００２６】
また、絵柄層１２は、印刷法、手描き等によって形成する。印刷法としては、例えば、グラビア印刷、オフセット印刷、シルクスクリーン印刷、転写シートからの転写印刷等の公知の印刷法によってインキにて絵柄（模様）を形成する。絵柄が全面ベタ柄の場合は、グラビアコート、ロールコート等の公知の塗工法によって塗料で形成する事もできる。
絵柄層の形成に用いるインキ（或いは）塗料としては、バインダーの樹脂として、例えば、塩素化ポリエチレン、塩素化ポリプロピレン等の塩素化ポリオレフィン、ポリエステル樹脂、ウレタン樹脂、アクリル樹脂、酢酸ビニル樹脂、塩化ビニル−酢酸ビニル共重合体、セルロース樹脂等を、１種又は２種以上の混合物として用いる。これに前記列挙した様な公知の着色剤を１種又は２種以上添加した物を用いる。
絵柄は、木目絵柄、石目絵柄、布目絵柄、皮絞絵柄、タイル貼り絵柄、煉瓦積み絵柄、幾何学図形、文字、記号、或いは全面ベタ柄等である。
【００２７】
一方、金属薄膜層は、アルミニウム、クロム、金、銀、銅等の金属を用い、真空蒸着法、スパッタリング法等の公知の成膜法で成膜し形成する。該金属薄膜層は、全面に設けても、或いは、部分的に、例えばパターン状に設けてもよい。
【００２８】
凹凸模様１３を形成するには、エンボス加工により形成するのが、特に熱可塑性樹脂からなる基材シートの場合には代表的であるが、ヘアライン加工等のその他の方法も可能である。エンボス加工は、基材シートを加熱軟化させ、エンボス版で加圧、賦形し、冷却固定するもので、公知の枚葉、或いは輪転式のエンボス機が用いられる。
【００２９】
凹凸模様としては、木目導管溝、石板表面凹凸（花崗岩劈開面等）、布表面テクスチュア、梨地、砂目、ヘアライン、万線条溝、煉瓦積又はタイル貼りの目地溝等がある。
【００３０】
更に必要に応じて、凹凸模様の凹部に公知のワイピング法（特公昭５８−１４３１２号公報等参照）によって、着色インキを充填して着色部１４を形成することもできる。着色インキは前記絵柄層に用いたインキと同様の物を使用することができる。但し、耐磨耗性の点で、２液硬化型ウレタン樹脂をバインダーの樹脂とする物が好ましい。
【００３１】
更に必要に応じ、前記絵柄層の上に表面保護や塗装感や艶調整等の装飾処理のための表面保護層１５を形成することもできる。表面保護層は、例えば、アクリル樹脂系の塗料（又はインキ）の塗工（又は印刷）で形成することができる。
また、表面保護層は、単層の他に複層であっても良い。例えば図示は省略するが、アクリル系等の不織布からなる不織布層と、その上の塗膜層とからなる表面保護層とする。不織布層は、アクリル樹脂等の樹脂の溶液又は分散液等からなる接着剤で積層し、その上から表面保護層として、アクリル樹脂等の樹脂を用いた塗膜層を塗工形成すれば良い。不織布層は表面強度の向上、塗装適性の向上等の為に用いる。
【００３２】
なお、上記不織布或いは織布としては、例えば、硝子繊維、石綿、チタン酸カリウム繊維、アルミナ繊維、シリカ繊維、炭素繊維などの無機質繊維、アクリル繊維、ポリエステル繊維、ビニロン繊維などの有機樹脂繊維などを用いることができる。
【００３３】
また、上記塗膜層等の表面保護層、前記基材シート、絵柄層中には、耐候（光）を付与するために、ベンゾトリアゾール系、ベンゾフェノン系、シアノアクリレート系、微粒子酸化セリウム、微粒子酸化亜鉛等の各種の紫外線吸収剤、及び／又はヒンダードアミン系ラジカル捕捉剤等の光安定剤を添加することもできる。
【００３４】
〔断熱層〕
断熱層２は、外界から熱が伝導してくるのを遮断して、断熱層の下側に位置させる金属等の基材〔例えば図９（Ａ）の断熱化粧部材Ｄに於ける基材８等〕が熱伝導により昇温或いは冷却されるのを防止するために設けられる層である。断熱層としては、一般的には化粧層側から基材側へ（なお、この逆方向もある）の熱伝導、輻射及び対流による熱移動を抑制することが可能なものであれば、基本的にはいずれでも良い。しかし、近年の地球温暖化防止の観点等から、特に高断熱のものがより好ましい。また、オゾン層保護の観点から、従来のウレタンフォームの様に、フロンガスを発泡等に利用する事も避けるべきである。そこで、本発明では、真空断熱技術を用いる事で、フロンガスを使用せずに優れた断熱性を呈する真空断熱材を開発し、これを断熱層に採用した。すなわち、該真空断熱材は粉体を真空包装した構造であり、しかも真空包装は、図１で示す如く、透気性シート４からなる内包と気体遮断性シート５からなる外包との多重構造として、粉体３は内包及び外包によって二重に包装されている構造とした。
以上の様な多重構造の包装体から断熱層を構成することで、包装体の内部を真空引きして断熱層とする時に、内側の透気性シートで粉体が舞って真空吸引されてしまうのを防げる。従って、製造が容易な化粧材或いは化粧部材となり、粉体の減量による断熱性能低下も無い。また、断熱層に例えば繊維質シート等を採用する場合に比べて、断熱性能は良好となる。
【００３５】
（粉体）
断熱層に使用する粉体３としては、基本的には特に制限は無い。粉体を内包及び外包からなる多重構造の包装体で真空包装した構造とする事で、相応の良好な断熱性が得られる。
但し、使用する粉体としては、平均粒径が１〜５μｍで、且つ嵩比重が０．１〜０．３のものが良好な断熱性能上、ヒートブリッジ（局所的な熱伝達の短絡）を起こし難く好ましい。平均粒径が１μｍ未満であると、断熱層作成時の粉体のハンドリングの問題等の点で好ましくない。逆に、平均粒径が５μｍを超えると、通常の真空包材と真空ポンプを用いて容易に実現できる真空度（絶対圧）である１．３ｋＰａ（旧単位１０Ｔｏｒｒの換算値）程度の真空度に於ける平均自由工程を超えてしまい、熱の対流が発生してしまう為に好ましくない。また、嵩比重が０．１未満となると、粉体自体の製造上のハンドリングの難易度が上がってしまい、また嵩比重が０．３を超えると、断熱層内で芯材となる粉体自体のヒートブリッジの影響度が増して断熱性が悪くなる。
【００３６】
なお、粉体の平均粒径はあまり大きくしない方が、平均自由工程の観点から良いのは、次の様な理由による。
【００３７】
すなわち、断熱層を真空包装体で作るとは言っても、或る程度の空気は内部に残留する。そして、空気を通しての熱伝達は、分子の熱拡散の寄与は小さいが、空気全体が流体として振る舞い対流することによる寄与は大である。したがって、空気の断熱性を高める為には、粉体の粒子間の空隙に残留する空気が流体として振る舞えなくなる程度の真空度が必要となる。その為に、粉体の粒子間の間隙の寸法が、空気の平均自由工程以下になることが必要となるからである。
【００３８】
ここで更に、図４を参照しながら、粒子サイズと平均自由工程の関係を説明する。最も単純な例として、粉体が球状粒子だと仮定し、この粉体を最密充填した場合に於ける空隙の大きさと粒径の関係を考察してみる。図４は、真球の粉体３ａ、３ｂ、３ｃが（平面上で）最密充填された状態を示す。これら粉体同士の間に形成される空隙９の寸法を、空隙９の差し渡し長Ｌａｂだとすると、Ｌａｂは、三角比から、粉体の半径（＝直径／２）がａのとき、
【００３９】
Ｌａｂ＝〔（３）^1/2−１〕×ａ
【００４０】
となり、仮に粉体の半径がａ＝１０／２＝５μｍとすると、
【００４１】

【００４２】
となり、粒径１０μｍ（半径５μｍ）の粉体では、差し渡し長Ｌａｂは３．７μｍで粒径の約１／３となる事が分かる。なお、ここでの考察は、全ての粉体が一つの完全な真球から成り且つ全ての粉体が同一粒径を有する場合である。実際に用いる粉体は、粉体が完全な真球でなかったり、多数の小粒子が結合した構造体であったり、或る粒径の粉体により小さい粒径の粉体が混ざっていたりする等して、最密充填に於ける空隙の大きさは、これと異なってくる。例えば、小さい粒径の粉体が混ざっていれば、空隙の寸法はより小さくなる。
【００４３】
そして、代表的には上記の差し渡し長Ｌａｂのサイズが、空気の平均自由工程のサイズ以下となる様な、粉体の粒径とすれば良い事になる。なお、空気の平均自由工程は、いわゆる常温、常圧〔２０℃、１００ｋＰａ（旧単位で１気圧）程度〕の場合で０．１μｍ程度であるが、圧力と反比例しして真空度が増す（絶対圧が低下）と増大する。
以上の様に粒子サイズと平均自由工程は関連し、そして、粉体の平均粒径を５μｍ以下とすると断熱性の点で好ましい結果が得られる。
【００４４】
ところで、本発明で用いる粉体は無機物、有機物のいずれでも良い。また、粉体は中空、中実のいずでも良い。但し、中実よりは中空の方が断熱性の点で好ましい。粉体としては、例えば、シリカ、中空ビーズ等が使用できる。また、シリカは、多数の微小粒子が凝集し該微小粒子間に空隙を有する凝集体からなる粒子を利用できる。なお、中空ビーズは球形状の中空体の総称であり、バルーンとも呼ばれる。中空ビーズの隔壁は無機質材料又は樹脂等の有機質材料からなり、中空ビーズの内部は、空気、窒素、二酸化炭素、アルゴン、ブタン等の気体が充填されているか、或いは真空となっている。
また、粉体はその表面を、例えばシランカップリング剤で疎水化処理する等、公知の表面処理がされたものでも良い。
【００４５】
なお、粉体の形状としては、球状、不定形等、基本的には特に制限は無い。例えば、中空ビーズの場合でも、その形状は完全な球形でも良いし、回転楕円体、正多面体、或いはこれらの多少歪んだ形状であっても良い。但し、平均粒径が特に大きい場合、不定形よりは好ましくは球状の方が良い。不定形で大粒径の粉体は、内包や外包を傷付けて真空度を損ない事もあるからである。
【００４６】
なお、無機系の中空ビーズとしては、原料としてケイ酸ソーダ系ガラスを用いたものがあるが、耐水性等に優れたアルミケイ酸ガラス系或いはホウケイ酸ソーダガラス系等の多成分系ガラスからなるものが好ましい。その他、シラスや黒曜石等の天然火山性ガラス系等を原料にした中空ビーズ等もある。
【００４７】
また、有機系の中空ビーズとしては、例えば、ポリエチレン（高密度、中密度又は低密度）、ポリプロピレン、ポリメチルペンテン等のポリオレフィン系樹脂や、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、ポリアクリロニトリル、ポリフッ化ビニリデン等を隔壁に使用したもの等が挙げられる。
【００４８】
なお、中実の粉体としては、アクリル樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂等からなる有機系ビーズ、或いは、アルミナ、硝子、シリカ等からなる無機系ビーズもある。
【００４９】
（透気性シート）
透気性シート４は、上記した粉体を真空包装して断熱層とする際に使用する内側の包装体を構成する。透気性シート４で粉体を内包する事によって、断熱層を真空吸引して作成する時に、粉体が舞ってしまい真空吸引と同時に吸引されてしまうのを防げる。従って、製造が容易となり、また、粉体の減量による断熱性能低下も無い。特に嵩比重が１よりも小さい粉体の場合には舞い易いので、透気性シートの使用は効果的である。内包を構成する透気性シートには、真空吸引は阻害せずに粉体を内包内に止め得るものであれば特に制限は無い。好ましい透気性の目安としては、透気度が０．０１〜１０００ｓ／１００ｃｍ³の範囲に入るシートが良い。透気度が、０．０１未満であると、透気性が良すぎて真空引きの時に粉体が舞い易い。一方、透気度が１０００を超えると、透気性が悪すぎて内包の内部を十分に真空引き出来ないし、また真空引きに長時間を要し生産性が低下する。
【００５０】
以上の様な透気性シートとしては、例えば、ガラス繊維、石綿、チタン酸カリウム繊維、アルミナ繊維、シリカ繊維、炭素繊維等の無機質繊維、ポリエステル繊維、ビニロン繊維等の有機樹脂繊維等の織布又は不織布、或いは紙、或いは紙や樹脂シートに、小孔を針等で穿設したもの等を使用する。なお、樹脂シートの樹脂としては、前述化粧層の基材シートで列記した如き樹脂等が挙げられる。
【００５１】
（気体遮断性シート）
一方、気体遮断性シート５としては、その内部を真空に保てる様なものであれば、特に制限は無い。例えば、気体遮断性シートとしては、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、ポリスチレン、ポリアクリロニトリル、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等の樹脂シートの片面或いは両面に、アルミニウム、シリカ等からなる気体遮断性の薄膜を真空蒸着等で形成したシートを使用できる。また、断熱性は低下するが、アルミニウム等の金属箔、或いは金属箔を上記の如き樹脂シート等に貼り合わせた積層体等も使用できる。
【００５２】
内包と透気性シートと外包とする気体遮断性シートとで粉体を包装するには、先ず、内包とする透気性シートで作った袋等の包装体と、外包とする気体遮断性シートで作った袋等の包装体とを用意し、前記内包とする包装体に粉体を入れて封止して内包とした後、その内包を外包とする包装体に入れて（外包の内側と内包の外側との間の空間から）真空引きした後密閉して外包とすれば良い。こうすれば、内包の内部も真空状態となり、粉体が内包及び外包で二重に包装された真空包装体からなる断熱層が得られる。
【００５３】
図５に例示する包装体６は、透気性シート４或いは気体遮断性シート５からなる包装体の一例として、一辺に開口部２１を有する袋状のものを示す。開口部２１の内側には熱可塑性樹脂等からなる感熱接着剤をヒートシール層２２として施してあり、開口部から内容物（内包の場合は粉体、外包の場合は密閉済み等とした内包）を入れた後、感熱接着剤を熱融着させて開口部を密閉することができる。なお、包装体の形状は、用途に合った形状とすれば良い。
なおもちろんだが、外包の場合は、開口部の完全密閉は真空引き完了後である。
【００５４】
なお、包装体６は最初から袋状では無くても良い。二方が開口部となった円筒状のシートに内容物を入れた後、両端の開口部を熱融着等で密閉しても良い。或いは、二枚のシートの間に粉体を挟んで、四方を熱融着等で密閉する等しても良い。
【００５５】
なお、気体遮断シートによって維持される断熱層の真空度は、もちろん高い（値は小さい）方が断熱性の点で好ましいが、真空度としては特に制限は無い。それは、常圧に比較して減圧状態となっていれば、その真空度に応じた相応の断熱効果が得られるからである。例えば、真空度は１．３ｋＰａ（旧単位１０Ｔｏｒｒの換算値）程度とすれば良い。
【００５６】
また、断熱層は、図６の断面図、及び図７（Ａ）〜図７（Ｃ）の平面図で例示する如く、内部の粉体を、固定部ｗによって複数の小室ｒで区画しても良い。小室ｒは、粉体（の集合）を区画するのが目的であるから、少なくとも内包に於いて設ければ良い。この様な小室に区画された断熱層とする事で、断熱層の可撓性が不足する場合に、固定部ｗで増大した可撓性によって、断熱層全体としての可撓性を向上させる事ができる。例えば、断熱性化粧材を二次元曲面に貼着する場合等である〔図９（Ｂ）参照〕。また、断熱層内部で粉体が動き回る場合、それも防げる。
小室ｒ及び固定部ｗの平面視形状は任意である。但し、壁部ｗは断熱性が低下しているので、なるべく面積的に少ない方が良い。これら形状は、必要な可撓性の方向性（例えば１方向のみ、２方向）を考慮した形状とすれば良い。例えば、図７（Ａ）及び図７（Ｂ）ではＸ方向の可撓性が向上し、図７（Ｃ）ではＸ及びＹ方向の可撓性が向上する。また、図７（ＣＢの如く、固定部ｗは点線状、或いは点状（スポット状）等と連続線状で無くても良い。
なお、小室同士は連通していても、連通していなくても良い。真空引きは透気性シートによって確保されるからである。内包を小室に区画するには、図７（Ａ）の様な線状であれば、区画後に粉体を入れても良いが、図７（Ｃ）の様な格子状等では、粉体を包装体に入れた後、熱プレス等によって区画する等すれば良い。そしてその後、内包を外包に入れて真空引きすれば良い。
また、固定部ｗにて、上下の透気性シートを接触或いは接近させるには、当該部分に公知の熱可塑性樹脂等からなるヒートシール層を印刷等でパターン状に形成したりして熱融着部としておき、これを（間に粉体がある場合は粉体も含めて）熱融着させたりすれば良い。
【００５７】
〔接着剤層〕
また、本発明の断熱化粧材は、図８で例示する断熱化粧材Ｓの如く、化粧層１と断熱層２との積層には必要に応じ適宜、接着剤層１６を介して積層しても良い。接着剤層に用いる接着剤は、用途に応じ、アクリル樹脂、ポリアミド等の熱可塑性樹脂、２液硬化型ウレタン樹脂、２液硬化型エポキシ樹脂等の硬化性樹脂等の従来公知の接着剤を使用すれば良い。なお、接着剤層はロールコート、フローコート、スプレーコート等の公知の塗工法等で形成すれば良い。
【００５８】
〔裏面接着剤層〕
また、図示は省略するが、本発明の断熱化粧材は、その裏面側に、被着体となる基材に積層させる為の裏面接着剤層、或いは接着性を向上する為のプライマー層を設けた構成としても良い。裏面接着剤層は、基材の材質等の用途に応じ、ポリアミド等の熱可塑性樹脂、２液硬化型ウレタン樹脂等の硬化性樹脂等の従来公知の接着剤、プライマー剤を使用すれば良い。形成は、グラビア印刷、ロールコート等の公知の印刷又は塗工法で形成すれば良い。なお、図９（Ａ）の断面図で例示する断熱化粧部材Ｄにおける接着剤層７は、この裏面接着剤層によってもたらされる場合もある。
【００５９】
断熱化粧部材：
本発明の断熱化粧部材は、図９（Ａ）の断面図、及び図９（Ｂ）の斜視図で例示する断熱化粧部材Ｄの如く、上述した本発明の断熱化粧材Ｓが、（化粧層側を表側に断熱層側を裏側にして）金属等の基材８の表面に、直接又は他の層を介して積層した構成の部材である。該他の層は、例えば図９（Ａ）及び（Ｂ）の如き接着剤層７である。一方、図９（Ｂ）で例示する断熱化粧部材Ｄは、柱状乃至は板状の基材８で、互いに角が曲面で連結する３側面に、断熱化粧材Ｓを、ラッピング加工法等によって、回り込む様にして貼着して積層した部材である。
そして、本発明の断熱化粧部材では、基材上に積層する断熱化粧材Ｓによって、基材に断熱効果及び表面装飾効果が付与される。なお、この様な部材は、例えば、基材が板状の場合では壁面材の内装建材等になる。
なお、既に目的用途に設置済みの基材（部材）に対しては、上述本発明の断熱化粧材を施工現場で貼着して積層すれば、該基材に断熱効果及び表面装飾効果が付与した本発明の断熱化粧部材とすることができる。
【００６０】
〔基材〕
上記基材８、或いは前述本発明の断熱化粧材の被着体としての基材としては、形状、材質に特に制限は無い。基材の形状としては、例えば、中空或いは中実の平板、湾曲した凸面板等の板、円柱、多角柱等の角柱等の形状からなる基材を用いる事ができる。基材の材質としては、例えば、金属、木材、セラミックス、セメント等の無機窯業系、樹脂等が用いられるが、特に本発明が効果を奏するのは、元来それ自体が高熱伝導率の金属の場合である。金属としては、鉄、又は炭素鋼、ステンレス鋼等の鉄合金、アルミニウム又はジュラルミン等のアルミニウム合金、銅、真鍮、チタン等が挙げらける。
【００６１】
〔積層法〕
基材に対して断熱化粧材を貼着して積層するには、基材の形状等に応じた従来公知の積層方法を採用すればよい。例えば、基材の外側に、接着剤を全面塗布して接着剤層を形成した後、本発明の断熱化粧材を、該断熱化粧材の裏面（化粧層に対して断熱層側の面）で貼着させることにより積層すれば良い。
【００６２】
積層方法の具体的としては、例えば▲１▼接着剤層を間に介して板状の基材に加圧ローラーで加圧して積層する方法、▲２▼特公昭６１−５８９５号公報、特公平３−２６６６号公報等に記載される様に、円柱、多角柱等の柱状体の基材の長軸方向に、断熱化粧材を間に接着剤層を介して供給しつつ、複数の向きの異なるローラーにより、柱状体を構成する複数の側面に順次断熱化粧材を加圧接着して積層してゆく、所謂ラッピング加工方法である。
【００６３】
〔接着剤層〕
断熱化粧材Ｓと基材８間に接着剤層７を設ける場合、該接着剤層７としては、断熱化粧材を基材に接着できるものであれば、特に制限はない。例えば、２液硬化型ウレタン樹脂系、２液硬化型エポキシ樹脂系等の２液（反応）硬化型接着剤、熱硬化型ポリエステル系、フェノール樹脂系接着剤等の熱硬化性接着剤、ポリ酢酸ビニル系、アクリル樹脂系、ポリエチレン系接着剤等の熱可塑性接着剤等が挙げられる。これら接着剤は、断熱化粧材側、基材側、或いはこれら両方に施せば良い。
【００６４】
断熱化粧材及び部材の用途：
本発明の断熱化粧材及び断熱化粧部材は、各種の内装材、又は外装材として用いられる。例えば、屋根、外壁、戸袋、窓枠、ルーフデッキ、バルコニー、フェンス、門扉、扉枠等の建築物又は建具の外装部材、回縁、幅木、手摺、室内扉、室内壁、間仕切り等の建築部材又は建具等の内装部材、自動車、電車、船舶、航空機等の乗物の外装材及び内装材等が挙げられる。
【００６５】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例及び比較例により更に説明する。
【００６６】
〔実施例１〕
図８に示す如く、化粧層１の裏面に、粉体を内包及び外包で包み真空包装した断熱層２を、接着剤層１６を介して積層した構成の断熱化粧材Ｓを、次の様にして作成した。
【００６７】
化粧層１として、先ず、厚さ８０μｍの着色された（メタ）アクリル酸エステル樹脂シートからなる（第一の）基材シートの片面に、バインダーの樹脂にアクリル樹脂と塩化ビニル−酢酸ビニル共重合体との８対２質量比の混合樹脂を使用し着色剤は弁柄を主体とした着色インキを用いて、グラビア印刷で木目柄の絵柄層を形成して、印刷シートを作成した。次に、第二の基材シートとして厚さ５０μｍの透明アクリル系樹脂シートを、熱プレス法によるダブリングエンボスにて、上記印刷シートの絵柄層側に積層接着すると同時に、エンボスローラにて、木目導管溝の凹凸模様を第二の基材シートの表側面に賦形した。更にこの後、該凹凸模様の凹部内に、バインダーの樹脂にアクリルポリオールとヘキサメチレンジイソシアネートからなる２液硬化型ウレタン樹脂を用い、着色剤にカーボンブラックを用いたワイピングインキを、ワイピング法によって充填して着色部を形成した。そして、このシートの凹凸模様側の面全面に、分子中に水酸基を有するフッ化炭化水素系樹脂と脂肪族イソシアネートの架橋剤からなる２液硬化型フッ素樹脂を用いた塗料を塗工し、表面保護層を形成して、化粧層１とした。
【００６８】
一方、断熱層２としては、粉体として平均粒径２．２μｍ、嵩比重０．１３で基本粒子の形状が球状のシリカ粉末（水澤化学工業株式会社製、商品名「ミズカシルＰ７０７」）を、透気性シートとしてプレスにて透気度を１ｓ／１００ｃｍ³に調整したアクリル不織布を用いて作った袋状の包装体に入れた後、開口部に設けたヒートシール層でヒートシールして内包とした。そして、この内包を、気体遮断性シートとして、真空蒸着でアルミニウム薄膜を形成したポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルムを用いた袋状の包装体に入れた後、開口部から１．３ｋＰａ（１０Ｔｏｒｒ）まで真空引きを行った後、開口部に設けたヒートシール層でヒートシールして密閉して、粉体が内包及び外包で真空包装された厚み３ｍｍのシート状包装体を得た。
【００６９】
次に、上記シート状包装体を、前記の印刷シートの基材シート側に、２液硬化型ウレタン樹脂系接着剤による接着積層１６で積層して、図８の如き本発明の断熱化粧材Ｓを得た。
【００７０】
また、上記断熱化粧材Ｓを、金属製の基材としてアルニミニウム板（厚み２ｍｍ）の片面に、２液硬化型ウレタン樹脂系接着剤で貼り付けて、図９（Ａ）の様な本発明の断熱化粧部材Ｄを得た。
【００７１】
〔比較例１〕
実施例１に於いて、不織布からなる内包を省略して、粉体を外包とする包装体に直接入れた他は、実施例１と同様にして断熱化粧材を作製し、更に実施例１と同様にして断熱化粧部材を作製した。
【００７２】
〔比較例２〕
実施例１に於いて、内包の透気性シートとして、透気度が０．０１ｓ／１００ｃｍ³未満のチタン紙を用いた他は、実施例１と同様にして断熱化粧材を作製し、更に実施例１と同様にして断熱化粧部材を作製した。
【００７３】
〔比較例３〕
実施例１に於いて、内包の透気性シートとして、透気度が２０００ｓ／１００ｃｍ³の壁紙を用いた他は、実施例１と同様にして断熱化粧材を作製する事を試み、更に実施例１と同様にして断熱化粧部材を作製した。
【００７４】
〔性能比較〕
実施例１に対して比較例１は、その断熱層に透気性シートによる内包を省略した為、内部を真空引きするときに粉体が舞ってしまい、一部が真空吸引と共に吸い取られてしまった。しかし、内包を併用した実施例１では、内包によって粉体が舞うのは抑えられ、容易に真空引きが出来た。但し、透気性シートの透気性が大き過ぎる比較例２は、比較例１程では無いが比較例１同様に粉体の一部が吸い取られてしまった。一方、透気性シートの透気性が小さ過ぎる比較例３では、十分に真空引きできず、目的の真空度まで到達しなかった。
【００７５】
そして、断熱性能は、実施例１の断熱化粧部材を、室温２０℃、３０％ＲＨ（露点４℃）の部屋において、０℃の氷水の上に浮かべたところ、アルミニウム製の基材の温度が１℃であるのに対して、化粧部材表面の温度は１４℃で結露も無く、優れた断熱性を示した。また、比較例３の断熱化粧部材の場合は、その表面温度は９℃で、実施例１程では無いがそこそこの断熱性を示した。
【００７６】
【発明の効果】
本発明の断熱化粧材及び断熱化粧部材によれば、地球環境上問題となるフロンガスを使用しないで、優れた断熱性が得られる。しかも、断熱層を真空引きして作製する時に内部の粉体が舞う事が無く製造が容易な化粧材となる。また、真空引き時の粉体の減量による断熱性能低下も無い。特に内包に用いる透気性シートの透気度を特定範囲内とすれば、真空引きを阻害せずに粉体が舞うのを確実に防げる。
【００７７】
以上の結果、夏季や冬季に、本発明の断熱化粧材や本発明の断熱化粧部材を使用した室内を冷暖房する場合、その優れた断熱効果により、冷房時は優れた保冷効果、暖房時は優れた保温効果が得られ、また、省エネ効果も得られる。また、特に冬季に室内暖房をする場合、外部温度が下降した際に内部に結露が生じたりすることがない。また、温度変化による反りも防げる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の断熱化粧材の基本的構成を示す断面図。
【図２】本発明の断熱化粧材に於ける化粧層の各種形態例を主体に例示する断面図。
【図３】本発明の断熱化粧材に於ける化粧層の別の形態例を例示する断面図。
【図４】粒子サイズと平均自由工程の関係を概念的に説明する説明図。
【図５】包装体の一例を説明する斜視図、
【図６】断熱層について別の形態例を示す断面図。
【図７】図６の形態に於ける平面視形状の各種例を示す平面図。
【図８】本発明の断熱化粧材の別の形態例を示す断面図。
【図９】本発明の断熱化粧部材の別の形態例を示す断面図と斜視図。
【符号の説明】
１化粧層
２断熱層
３粉体
４透気性シート
５気体遮断性シート
６包装体
７接着剤層
８基材
９空隙
１１基材シート
１２絵柄層
１３凹凸模様
１４着色部
１５表面保護層
１６接着剤層
２１開口部
２２ヒートシール層
Ｄ断熱化粧部材
Ｓ断熱化粧材
ａ着色剤
ｒ小室
ｗ固定部[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a heat insulating decorative material used for interiors and exteriors of buildings, joinery and vehicles, and a heat insulating decorative member obtained by laminating the same on a base material such as metal.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, it has been used in various applications as described above to make the surface of a metal substrate, an inorganic substrate, or the like as a door or a wall in a pattern or color tone such as natural wood. In such a case, for example, a sheet-like decorative material obtained by applying a decorative process to a resin sheet by printing or the like is attached to a base material such as a metal and laminated to form a decorative member.
[0003]
By the way, when the base material is a metal such as iron or aluminum in particular, the thermal conductivity of the decorative member is increased, so that the heat insulation effect of cold insulation or heat insulation becomes insufficient during cooling in summer or heating in winter, There has been a problem that condensation occurs during room heating or warpage occurs due to thermal expansion caused by exposure to sunlight.
Therefore, in conventional heat insulating decorative materials and heat insulating decorative members, it has been a mainstream to provide a heat insulating layer made of a heat insulating material such as hard urethane foam for heat insulation.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, due to environmental problems such as the prevention of global warming and ozone layer destruction in recent years, heat insulating materials that use Freon gas for foaming urethane foam and use its low thermal conductivity have gradually become less preferred. In recent years, water-foamed rigid urethane foam has been used as an alternative chlorofluorocarbon gas, but its heat insulation is inferior to that of conventional ones.
[0005]
Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a heat insulation effect such as cold insulation and heat insulation even when laminated on a base material such as a metal, so that warpage and condensation can be prevented, and heat insulation that does not require the use of Freon gas A decorative material and a heat insulating decorative member obtained by using the decorative material are provided.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, in the heat insulating decorative material of the present invention, a heat insulating layer is provided on the back side of the decorative layer.IsA heat insulating layer in which the powder is vacuum packaged, and the powder is a gas permeable sheetWrapped in an inner compartment partitioned into a plurality of small chambers by fixing parts between each other, and further wrapped outside by vacuum packaging with an outer envelope made of a gas barrier sheetThe configuration.
[0007]
By adopting such a configuration, since urethane foam is not used for the heat insulating layer, it is possible to obtain heat insulation performance of cold insulation and heat insulation without using Freon gas, which is a problem in the global environment. Moreover, since the powder in the vacuum packaging used for the heat insulation layer is encapsulated with a gas-permeable sheet on the inside and encapsulated with a gas barrier sheet on the outside, when the heat insulation layer is created by evacuating the inside thereof In addition, the inner air-permeable sheet prevents the powder from dancing and provides a cosmetic material that is easy to manufacture. Moreover, it is possible to prevent the powder from being sucked at the same time, and there is no deterioration in the heat insulation performance due to the reduction of the powder.
[0008]
Moreover, the heat-insulating decorative material of the present invention further has an air permeability of 0.01 to 1000 s / 100 cm in the above structure.^ThreeIt is set as the structure which is.
[0009]
By using a gas-permeable sheet having such a gas permeability, it is possible to reliably suppress the powder from dancing without hindering vacuum suction.
[0010]
Moreover, the heat insulation decorative member of this invention was set as the structure formed by laminating | stacking one of the said heat insulation decorative materials on a base material directly or through another layer in the back side surface.
[0011]
By setting it as such a structure, the effect extended with the said heat insulation decorative material is acquired. For example, problems such as condensation and warpage caused by heating in winter can be prevented.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0013]
Overview:
First, the basic configuration of the heat insulating decorative material of the present invention will be described with reference to the cross-sectional view of FIG. As illustrated in the figure, the heat-insulating decorative material S of the present invention is provided with a heat-insulating layer 2 on the back side of the decorative layer 1, and the heat-insulating layer 2 has a structure in which powder 3 is vacuum-packed, and the vacuum packaging is powder. It is a heat-insulating decorative material in which the body 3 is encapsulated by a gas-permeable sheet 4 and the outer side is encapsulated by a gas barrier sheet 5.
Moreover, as illustrated in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 9A, the heat insulating decorative member D of the present invention has the heat insulating decorative material S of the present invention directly on the back side (that is, the heat insulating layer 2 side). Or it is the decorative member of the structure laminated | stacked on the base material 8 which consists of a metal etc. via another layer (the adhesive layer 7 in the same figure).
[0014]
Insulating cosmetic material:
Hereinafter, first, the decorative layer of the heat-insulating decorative material will be described in further detail.
[0015]
[Makeup layer]
The decorative layer 1 is laminated on the upper side of the heat insulating layer 2 directly or via another layer such as an adhesive layer. Alternatively, the heat insulating layer 2 is laminated on the lower side of the decorative layer 1 directly or via another layer such as an adhesive layer.
[0016]
The decorative layer 1 can use the base material sheet 11 as a constituent element of the decorative layer 1 like the heat insulating decorative material S of various embodiments shown in the sectional views of FIGS. 2 and 3, for example. The base sheet is usually about 20 to 200 μm in thickness. If the desired design appearance can be expressed by the base sheet itself, the base sheet can be used as it is as a decorative layer. Usually, a decorative layer is applied to the base sheet that has been decorated.
[0017]
(Substrate sheet)
Examples of the base sheet 11 include polyethylene, polypropylene, polymethylpentene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, ethylene-propylene-butene copolymer, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Polyolefin-based resin, poly (meth) methyl acrylate, poly (meth) ethyl acrylate, poly (meth) butyl acrylate, (meth) ethyl acrylate- (meth) butyl acrylate copolymer, (meth) acrylic acid Acrylic resins such as methyl-styrene copolymer, methyl (meth) acrylate-butyl (meth) acrylate- (meth) acrylic acid-2-hydroxyethyl copolymer (where (meth) acrylic is acrylic Or used in the meaning of methacryl), polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene Polyester resin such as phthalate, vinyl chloride resin, nylon, ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer), resin such as polystyrene, glass fiber, asbestos, potassium titanate fiber, alumina fiber, silica fiber, carbon fiber, etc. Examples thereof include woven or non-woven fabrics such as organic resin fibers such as fibers, polyester fibers, and vinylon fibers. In addition to these single layers, a laminate of two or more layers can also be used as the base sheet.
[0018]
(Decoration processing)
The decoration treatment for the base sheet may be a conventionally known one for decorative sheets, and is not particularly limited. For example, a pattern layer, a metal thin film layer, or the like is formed on the surface of the base sheet, an uneven pattern is formed on the surface of the base sheet, or a colorant such as a dye or pigment is kneaded when the base sheet is a resin. Or a combination of these. Alternatively, the (first) base sheet may be decorated by laminating another second base sheet that has been decorated to the (first) base sheet. .
[0019]
Here, various decorative treatments performed on the base sheet 11 in the decorative layer 1 with reference to the various heat-insulating decorative materials S illustrated in FIG. 2 and FIG. An example will be described.
[0020]
The heat insulating decorative material S in FIG. 2 (A) has a structure in which the heat insulating layer 2 unique to the present invention is laminated on the back side of the decorative layer 1, but the decorative layer 1 in FIG. 2 (A) is colored. This is an example of decoration treatment by addition of an agent, and the base material sheet 11 itself is made up of the base material sheet 11 made of a resin sheet or the like by being kneaded or the like to be colored. This is an example.
[0021]
Next, the decorative layer 1 in the heat insulating decorative material S shown in FIG. 2 (B) is an example in which the pattern layer 12 is formed by printing or the like on the front side of the base sheet 11 as a decoration process for the base sheet 11. is there.
[0022]
Next, the decorative layer 1 in the heat insulating decorative material S shown in FIG. 2 (C) has an uneven pattern 13 by embossing or the like instead of forming the pattern layer 12 as a decoration process in FIG. 2 (B). It is an example formed on the front side of the substrate sheet 11.
[0023]
Next, the decorative layer 1 in the heat insulating decorative material S shown in FIG. 2 (D) has a colored portion 14 in the concave portion of the concavo-convex pattern 13 by a wiping process or the like as a decoration process in FIG. 2 (C). An example is formed.
[0024]
Next, the decorative layer 1 in the heat insulating decorative material S illustrated in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 3 is the front side surface of the base sheet 11 on which the pattern layer 12 is further formed as a decoration process in FIG. In this example, the surface protective layer 15 is formed.
[0025]
Examples of the colorant a include titanium white, zinc white, petal, vermilion, ultramarine, cobalt blue, titanium yellow, yellow lead, carbon black and other inorganic pigments, isoindolinone, hansa yellow, quinacridone, permanent red 4R, and phthalocyanine. Blue, Indanthrene Blue RS, organic pigments (or dyes) such as aniline black, metal pigments (or dyes) made of foil powder such as aluminum and brass, foils made of titanium dioxide-coated mica, basic lead carbonate, etc. There are pearlescent pigments made from powder. These are added and dispersed as powder or scaly foil pieces.
[0026]
The pattern layer 12 is formed by a printing method, hand-drawing, or the like. As a printing method, for example, a pattern (pattern) is formed with ink by a known printing method such as gravure printing, offset printing, silk screen printing, or transfer printing from a transfer sheet. When the pattern is a solid pattern, it can be formed with a paint by a known coating method such as gravure coating or roll coating.
Examples of the ink (or) paint used for forming the pattern layer include binder resins such as chlorinated polyolefins such as chlorinated polyethylene and chlorinated polypropylene, polyester resins, urethane resins, acrylic resins, vinyl acetate resins, and vinyl chlorides. A vinyl acetate copolymer, a cellulose resin, etc. are used as 1 type, or 2 or more types of mixtures. The thing which added the 1 type (s) or 2 or more types of well-known coloring agents as enumerated above to this is used.
The pattern is a wood grain pattern, a stone pattern, a cloth pattern, a leather pattern, a tiled pattern, a brickwork pattern, a geometric figure, a character, a symbol, or a solid pattern.
[0027]
On the other hand, the metal thin film layer is formed by using a metal such as aluminum, chromium, gold, silver, copper or the like by a known film formation method such as a vacuum evaporation method or a sputtering method. The metal thin film layer may be provided on the entire surface, or may be partially provided, for example, in a pattern.
[0028]
In order to form the concavo-convex pattern 13, the embossing is typical, particularly in the case of a base material sheet made of a thermoplastic resin, but other methods such as hairline processing are also possible. Embossing is a process in which a base sheet is heated and softened, pressed and shaped with an embossing plate, and cooled and fixed. A known sheet or rotary embossing machine is used.
[0029]
Examples of the uneven pattern include a wood grain conduit groove, a stone plate surface unevenness (such as granite cleaved surface), a cloth surface texture, a satin texture, a grain texture, a hairline, a single-line groove, a brickwork, or a tiled joint groove.
[0030]
Further, if necessary, the colored portion 14 can be formed by filling the concave portion of the concave and convex pattern with a colored ink by a known wiping method (see Japanese Patent Publication No. 58-14312). As the colored ink, the same ink as that used in the pattern layer can be used. However, in terms of abrasion resistance, a material using a two-component curable urethane resin as a binder resin is preferable.
[0031]
Furthermore, if necessary, a surface protective layer 15 for decoration processing such as surface protection, painting feeling, and gloss adjustment can be formed on the pattern layer. The surface protective layer can be formed by, for example, coating (or printing) of an acrylic resin paint (or ink).
The surface protective layer may be a multilayer in addition to a single layer. For example, although illustration is omitted, a surface protective layer composed of a nonwoven fabric layer made of an acrylic-based nonwoven fabric and a coating layer thereon is used. The nonwoven fabric layer may be laminated with an adhesive made of a solution or dispersion of a resin such as an acrylic resin, and a coating layer using a resin such as an acrylic resin may be applied and formed thereon as a surface protective layer. The non-woven fabric layer is used for improving the surface strength and improving the coating suitability.
[0032]
Examples of the non-woven fabric or woven fabric include glass fibers, asbestos, potassium titanate fibers, alumina fibers, silica fibers, carbon fibers and other inorganic fibers, acrylic fibers, polyester fibers, vinylon fibers and other organic resin fibers. Can be used.
[0033]
In addition, in the surface protective layer such as the coating layer, the base sheet, and the pattern layer, in order to provide weather resistance (light), benzotriazole, benzophenone, cyanoacrylate, particulate cerium oxide, particulate oxidation Various ultraviolet absorbers such as zinc and / or light stabilizers such as hindered amine radical scavengers can also be added.
[0034]
[Insulation layer]
The heat insulating layer 2 is a base material such as a metal that blocks heat from conducting from the outside and is positioned below the heat insulating layer (for example, the base material 8 in the heat insulating decorative member D in FIG. 9A). Etc.] is a layer provided to prevent the temperature from being raised or cooled by heat conduction. As a heat insulating layer, in general, any material can be used as long as it can suppress heat transfer from the decorative layer side to the base material side (there is also the opposite direction), heat transfer by radiation and convection. Either can be used. However, from the viewpoint of preventing global warming in recent years, a particularly highly heat-insulating one is more preferable. Also, from the viewpoint of protecting the ozone layer, it should be avoided to use chlorofluorocarbon gas for foaming and the like, as in the case of conventional urethane foam. Therefore, in the present invention, a vacuum heat insulating material exhibiting excellent heat insulating properties without using chlorofluorocarbon gas was developed by using a vacuum heat insulating technology, and this was adopted as a heat insulating layer. That is, the vacuum heat insulating material has a structure in which powder is vacuum-packed, and the vacuum packaging has a multiple structure of an inner package made of a gas-permeable sheet 4 and an outer package made of a gas barrier sheet 5, as shown in FIG. The powder 3 has a structure in which it is double-wrapped by an inner package and an outer package.
By constructing the heat insulation layer from the multi-structure packaging body as described above, when the inside of the packaging body is evacuated to form a heat insulation layer, the powder is swept by the inner air-permeable sheet and is sucked by vacuum. Can be prevented. Therefore, it becomes a decorative material or a decorative member that is easy to manufacture, and there is no deterioration in the heat insulation performance due to the weight loss of the powder. Moreover, compared with the case where a fiber sheet etc. are employ | adopted for a heat insulation layer, heat insulation performance becomes favorable.
[0035]
(powder)
The powder 3 used for the heat insulating layer is basically not particularly limited. By adopting a structure in which the powder is vacuum-packed with a multi-structured package consisting of an inner package and an outer package, a correspondingly good heat insulating property can be obtained.
However, as the powder to be used, those having an average particle diameter of 1 to 5 μm and a bulk specific gravity of 0.1 to 0.3 have good heat insulation performance, and heat bridge (local heat transfer short circuit). It is preferable because it is difficult to cause. If the average particle size is less than 1 μm, it is not preferable from the viewpoint of the problem of powder handling at the time of forming a heat insulating layer. Conversely, when the average particle size exceeds 5 μm, the degree of vacuum is about 1.3 kPa (converted value of the old unit 10 Torr), which is a degree of vacuum (absolute pressure) that can be easily realized using a normal vacuum packaging material and a vacuum pump. This is not preferable because it exceeds the mean free path and heat convection occurs. Further, if the bulk specific gravity is less than 0.1, the difficulty of handling the powder itself is increased, and if the bulk specific gravity exceeds 0.3, the powder itself that becomes the core material in the heat insulating layer The influence of the heat bridge increases and the heat insulation becomes worse.
[0036]
The reason why the average particle size of the powder is not so large is good from the viewpoint of the mean free process is as follows.
[0037]
That is, even if the heat insulating layer is made of a vacuum package, a certain amount of air remains inside. The heat transfer through the air has a small contribution to the thermal diffusion of molecules, but the contribution of the whole air acting as a fluid and convection is large. Therefore, in order to improve the heat insulation of the air, a degree of vacuum is required so that the air remaining in the gaps between the powder particles cannot behave as a fluid. This is because the size of the gap between the particles of the powder must be equal to or less than the mean free path of air.
[0038]
Here, the relationship between the particle size and the mean free path will be described with reference to FIG. As the simplest example, assuming that the powder is a spherical particle, consider the relationship between the size of the void and the particle size when the powder is packed most closely. FIG. 4 shows a state in which the true spherical powders 3a, 3b and 3c are closely packed (on a plane). Assuming that the size of the gap 9 formed between these powders is the passing length Lab of the gap 9, Lab is calculated from the triangular ratio when the radius of the powder (= diameter / 2) is a.
[0039]
Lab = [(3)^1/2-1] × a
[0040]
If the powder radius is a = 10/2 = 5 μm,
[0041]

[0042]
Thus, it can be seen that for a powder having a particle size of 10 μm (radius 5 μm), the passing length Lab is 3.7 μm, which is about 1/3 of the particle size. The consideration here is a case where all powders consist of one perfect sphere and all powders have the same particle size. The actual powder used is not a perfect sphere, a structure in which a large number of small particles are combined, or a powder with a smaller particle size is mixed with a powder with a certain particle size. Equally, the size of the gap in the close-packing is different from this. For example, if small particle size powder is mixed, the size of the gap becomes smaller.
[0043]
Typically, the particle size of the powder is such that the size of the above-mentioned passing length Lab is equal to or smaller than the size of the mean free path of air. The mean free path of air is about 0.1 μm in the case of so-called normal temperature and normal pressure (about 20 ° C. and about 100 kPa (1 atm in old units)), but the degree of vacuum increases in inverse proportion to the pressure ( The absolute pressure decreases and increases.
As described above, the particle size and the mean free path are related to each other, and if the mean particle size of the powder is 5 μm or less, favorable results can be obtained in terms of heat insulation.
[0044]
By the way, the powder used in the present invention may be either inorganic or organic. The powder may be hollow or solid. However, the hollow is preferable to the solid in terms of heat insulation. As the powder, for example, silica, hollow beads and the like can be used. Silica can use particles composed of aggregates in which a large number of microparticles aggregate and have voids between the microparticles. Hollow beads are a general term for spherical hollow bodies and are also called balloons. The partition walls of the hollow beads are made of an inorganic material or an organic material such as a resin, and the inside of the hollow beads is filled with a gas such as air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon, or butane, or is in a vacuum.
In addition, the powder may be subjected to a known surface treatment such as a hydrophobic treatment with a silane coupling agent.
[0045]
The shape of the powder is basically not particularly limited, such as spherical or indefinite. For example, even in the case of hollow beads, the shape may be a perfect sphere, a spheroid, a regular polyhedron, or a slightly distorted shape thereof. However, when the average particle size is particularly large, a spherical shape is preferable to an amorphous shape. This is because the powder having an irregular shape and a large particle diameter may damage the inner package or the outer package and impair the degree of vacuum.
[0046]
In addition, inorganic hollow beads include those using sodium silicate glass as a raw material, but made of multicomponent glass such as aluminum silicate glass or sodium borosilicate glass excellent in water resistance. Is preferred. In addition, there are hollow beads made of natural volcanic glass such as shirasu and obsidian.
[0047]
As the organic hollow beads, for example, polyolefin resin such as polyethylene (high density, medium density or low density), polypropylene, polymethylpentene, polyvinylidene chloride, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, etc. are used as partition walls. What was used etc. are mentioned.
[0048]
The solid powder includes organic beads made of acrylic resin, polyamide resin, polyester resin, etc., or inorganic beads made of alumina, glass, silica, or the like.
[0049]
(Air-permeable sheet)
The air-permeable sheet 4 constitutes an inner package used when the above powder is vacuum-packed to form a heat insulating layer. By encapsulating the powder with the air permeable sheet 4, it is possible to prevent the powder from fluctuating and being sucked simultaneously with the vacuum suction when the heat insulating layer is formed by vacuum suction. Therefore, manufacture becomes easy and there is no heat insulation performance fall by weight reduction of powder. In particular, in the case of a powder having a bulk specific gravity of less than 1, the use of a gas permeable sheet is effective because it is easy to bend. There is no particular limitation on the air-permeable sheet constituting the inner package as long as the powder can be stopped in the inner package without inhibiting vacuum suction. As a preferable measure of air permeability, the air permeability is 0.01 to 1000 s / 100 cm.^ThreeA sheet that falls in the range is good. If the air permeability is less than 0.01, the air permeability is too good, and the powder is likely to fly when evacuated. On the other hand, if the air permeability exceeds 1000, the air permeability is too bad to sufficiently evacuate the inside of the inclusion, and it takes a long time to evacuate and productivity is lowered.
[0050]
Examples of the air-permeable sheet as described above include glass fibers, asbestos, potassium titanate fibers, alumina fibers, silica fibers, inorganic fibers such as carbon fibers, woven fabrics such as polyester fibers, organic resin fibers such as vinylon fibers, or the like. Nonwoven fabric, paper, or paper or resin sheet with small holes drilled with a needle or the like is used. In addition, as resin of a resin sheet, resin etc. which were listed with the base material sheet of the above-mentioned decorative layer are mentioned.
[0051]
(Gas barrier sheet)
On the other hand, the gas barrier sheet 5 is not particularly limited as long as the inside thereof can be kept in vacuum. For example, as a gas barrier sheet, a gas barrier made of aluminum, silica, etc. on one or both sides of a resin sheet such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polystyrene, polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene, polypropylene, etc. A sheet in which a conductive thin film is formed by vacuum deposition or the like can be used. Moreover, although heat insulation falls, the metal foil, such as aluminum, or the laminated body which bonded metal foil to the above resin sheets etc. can also be used.
[0052]
In order to wrap the powder with the inner envelope, the air-permeable sheet and the gas barrier sheet as the outer envelope, first, the bag is made of the air-permeable sheet as the inner envelope and the gas barrier sheet as the outer envelope. A package body such as a bag is prepared, and powder is put in the package body to be encapsulated and sealed to make an inner package, and then the inner package is put in a package body having an outer package (inside the outer package and the inner package After vacuuming (from the space between the outside), it can be sealed and used as an outer package. If it carries out like this, the inside of an inner package will also be in a vacuum state, and the heat insulation layer which consists of a vacuum package body in which powder was double-packed by the inner package and the outer package will be obtained.
[0053]
The package 6 illustrated in FIG. 5 shows a bag-like one having an opening 21 on one side as an example of a package made of the gas permeable sheet 4 or the gas barrier sheet 5. A heat-sensitive adhesive made of a thermoplastic resin or the like is applied to the inside of the opening 21 as a heat seal layer 22, and the contents (powder in the case of inclusion, sealed in the case of outer packaging, etc.) After opening, the heat-sensitive adhesive can be heat-sealed to seal the opening. In addition, what is necessary is just to let the shape of a package be a shape suitable for a use.
Of course, in the case of an outer package, the complete sealing of the opening is after completion of evacuation.
[0054]
In addition, the package 6 may not be a bag shape from the beginning. After the contents are put into a cylindrical sheet having two openings, the openings at both ends may be sealed by heat sealing or the like. Alternatively, the powder may be sandwiched between two sheets, and the four sides may be sealed by heat fusion or the like.
[0055]
In addition, although the one where the vacuum degree of the heat insulation layer maintained with a gas interruption | blocking sheet | seat is naturally higher is preferable from the point of heat insulation, there is no restriction | limiting in particular as a vacuum degree. This is because if the pressure is reduced as compared with normal pressure, a corresponding heat insulating effect corresponding to the degree of vacuum can be obtained. For example, the degree of vacuum may be about 1.3 kPa (converted value of the old unit 10 Torr).
[0056]
Further, as illustrated in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 6 and the plan views of FIGS. 7A to 7C, the heat insulating layer is divided into a plurality of small chambers r by the fixing portion w. Also good. Since the purpose of the chamber r is to divide the powder (collection), the chamber r may be provided at least in the inner package. By using a heat insulating layer partitioned in such a small chamber, when the heat insulating layer is insufficient in flexibility, the flexibility of the heat insulating layer as a whole can be improved by the increased flexibility at the fixing portion w. Can do. For example, it is a case where a heat-insulating decorative material is stuck on a two-dimensional curved surface [see FIG. 9B]. In addition, when the powder moves around inside the heat insulating layer, it can be prevented.
The planar view shapes of the small chamber r and the fixed portion w are arbitrary. However, since the heat insulating property of the wall portion w is lowered, it is preferable that the wall portion w is as small as possible in terms of area. These shapes may be shapes that take into consideration the necessary directionality of flexibility (for example, only one direction and two directions). For example, flexibility in the X direction is improved in FIGS. 7A and 7B, and flexibility in the X and Y directions is improved in FIG. 7C. Further, as shown in FIG. 7 (as in CB, the fixed portion w does not have to be a continuous line shape such as a dotted line shape or a dotted shape (spot shape).
Note that the small chambers may or may not communicate with each other. This is because evacuation is ensured by the air-permeable sheet. In order to divide the inner package into small chambers, powder may be put after the division as long as it is linear as shown in FIG. 7 (A). However, in a lattice shape as shown in FIG. What is necessary is just to partition by a hot press etc. after putting in a package. After that, the inner package is put into the outer package and vacuumed.
Further, in order to bring the upper and lower air permeable sheets into contact or approach at the fixing portion w, a heat seal layer made of a known thermoplastic resin or the like is formed on the portion in a pattern shape by printing or the like and heat-sealed. It may be formed as a part and heat-sealed (including the powder if there is a powder in between).
[0057]
[Adhesive layer]
In addition, the heat-insulating decorative material of the present invention may be laminated through the adhesive layer 16 as necessary when laminating the decorative layer 1 and the heat-insulating layer 2 as the heat-insulating decorative material S illustrated in FIG. good. The adhesive used for the adhesive layer is a conventionally known adhesive such as a thermoplastic resin such as acrylic resin or polyamide, a two-component curable urethane resin, or a curable resin such as a two-component curable epoxy resin, depending on the application. Just do it. The adhesive layer may be formed by a known coating method such as roll coating, flow coating, spray coating or the like.
[0058]
[Back adhesive layer]
Although not shown in the drawings, the heat insulating decorative material of the present invention is provided with a back surface adhesive layer for laminating it on a substrate to be an adherend or a primer layer for improving adhesiveness. It is good also as a composition. For the back surface adhesive layer, a conventionally known adhesive such as a thermoplastic resin such as polyamide or a curable resin such as a two-component curable urethane resin or a primer agent may be used depending on the use of the material of the base material. The formation may be performed by known printing such as gravure printing or roll coating, or a coating method. In addition, the adhesive bond layer 7 in the heat insulation decorative member D illustrated in sectional drawing of FIG. 9 (A) may be brought about by this back surface adhesive layer.
[0059]
Insulating decorative material:
The heat insulating decorative material S of the present invention described above is the same as the heat insulating decorative member D illustrated in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 9A and the perspective view of FIG. It is a member having a configuration in which the side is laminated on the surface of the base material 8 such as a metal directly or via another layer (with the side being the front side and the heat insulating layer side being the back side). The other layer is, for example, an adhesive layer 7 as shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B. On the other hand, the heat-insulating decorative member D illustrated in FIG. 9B is a columnar or plate-like base material 8, and the heat-insulating decorative material S is attached to the three side surfaces that are connected with curved surfaces by a lapping method or the like. It is a member that is stuck and laminated so as to wrap around.
And in the heat insulation decorative member of this invention, the heat insulation effect and surface decoration effect are provided to a base material by the heat insulation decorative material S laminated | stacked on a base material. In addition, such a member becomes an interior building material etc. of a wall surface material, for example, when a base material is plate shape.
For base materials (members) that have already been installed for the intended purpose, the heat insulating effect and surface decoration effect can be imparted to the base material by laminating the heat insulating decorative material of the present invention on the construction site. It can be set as the heat insulation decorative member of this invention.
[0060]
〔Base material〕
There is no restriction | limiting in particular in a shape and a material as said base material 8 or a base material as a to-be-adhered body of the above-mentioned heat insulation decorative material of this invention. As the shape of the base material, for example, a base material having a shape such as a hollow or solid flat plate, a plate such as a curved convex plate, a circular column such as a cylinder or a polygonal column can be used. As the material of the base material, for example, inorganic ceramics such as metal, wood, ceramics, cement, resin, and the like are used, but the present invention is particularly effective because it is originally made of a metal having high thermal conductivity. Is the case. Examples of the metal include iron, iron alloys such as carbon steel and stainless steel, aluminum alloys such as aluminum and duralumin, copper, brass and titanium.
[0061]
[Lamination method]
In order to adhere and laminate the heat insulating decorative material to the base material, a conventionally known laminating method corresponding to the shape of the base material may be employed. For example, after forming the adhesive layer by coating the entire surface of the adhesive on the outside of the substrate, the heat insulating cosmetic material of the present invention is applied to the back surface of the heat insulating cosmetic material (the surface on the heat insulating layer side with respect to the decorative layer). What is necessary is just to laminate | stack by making it stick.
[0062]
Specific examples of the laminating method include: (1) a method of laminating a plate-like substrate with a pressure roller with an adhesive layer interposed therebetween, and (2) Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 61-5895, As described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-2666, etc., while supplying a heat-insulating cosmetic material via an adhesive layer in the long axis direction of a columnar body such as a cylinder or a polygonal column, This is a so-called lapping method in which heat insulating decorative materials are sequentially pressure-bonded and laminated on a plurality of side surfaces constituting a columnar body by different rollers.
[0063]
[Adhesive layer]
When the adhesive layer 7 is provided between the heat insulating decorative material S and the base material 8, the adhesive layer 7 is not particularly limited as long as the heat insulating decorative material can be bonded to the base material. For example, two-component (reaction) curable adhesives such as two-component curable urethane resins, two-component curable epoxy resins, thermosetting adhesives such as thermosetting polyester and phenolic resins, polyacetic acid Examples thereof include thermoplastic adhesives such as vinyl, acrylic resin, and polyethylene adhesives. These adhesives may be applied to the heat insulating decorative material side, the base material side, or both.
[0064]
Insulating decorative materials and components:
The heat insulating decorative material and the heat insulating decorative member of the present invention are used as various interior materials or exterior materials. For example, buildings such as roofs, exterior walls, door pockets, window frames, roof decks, balconies, fences, gates, door frames, etc. or exterior parts of joinery, rims, baseboards, handrails, indoor doors, indoor walls, partitions Examples include interior members such as members or joinery, exterior materials and interior materials of vehicles such as automobiles, trains, ships, and aircraft.
[0065]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be further described with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples.
[0066]
[Example 1]
As shown in FIG. 8, a heat insulating cosmetic material S having a structure in which a heat insulating layer 2 in which powder is wrapped in an inner package and an outer package and vacuum-packed is laminated on the back surface of the decorative layer 1 through an adhesive layer 16 is formed as follows. Created.
[0067]
As the decorative layer 1, first, a (first) base material sheet made of a colored (meth) acrylic acid ester resin sheet having a thickness of 80 μm is coated with an acrylic resin and vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate co-polymerized as a binder resin. Using a mixed resin having a mass ratio of 8 to 2 with the coalescence, and using a color ink mainly composed of a petal as a colorant, a pattern layer having a grain pattern was formed by gravure printing to prepare a printed sheet. Next, a transparent acrylic resin sheet having a thickness of 50 μm as a second base material sheet is laminated and adhered to the pattern layer side of the above printed sheet by doubling embossing by a hot press method, and at the same time, by using an embossing roller, The uneven pattern of the groove was shaped on the front side surface of the second base sheet. After that, the concavo-convex recesses are filled with a wiping method using a two-component curable urethane resin made of acrylic polyol and hexamethylene diisocyanate as the binder resin and carbon black as the colorant. To form a colored portion. Then, a coating using a two-component curable fluororesin comprising a fluorinated hydrocarbon resin having a hydroxyl group in the molecule and a crosslinking agent of an aliphatic isocyanate is applied to the entire surface of the uneven pattern side of the sheet, and the surface A protective layer was formed to obtain a decorative layer 1.
[0068]
On the other hand, as the heat insulating layer 2, silica powder having a mean particle size of 2.2 μm, a bulk specific gravity of 0.13 and a spherical basic particle shape (manufactured by Mizusawa Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name “Mizukasil P707”), Air permeability of 1s / 100cm with a press as a gas permeable sheet^ThreeAfter being put in a bag-like package made using an acrylic nonwoven fabric adjusted to the above, it was heat-sealed with a heat-sealing layer provided in the opening to make an inner package. And after putting this inclusion into a bag-like package using a polyethylene terephthalate film in which an aluminum thin film is formed by vacuum deposition as a gas barrier sheet, vacuuming is performed to 1.3 kPa (10 Torr) from the opening. After that, heat sealing was performed with a heat seal layer provided in the opening, and sealing was performed to obtain a sheet-shaped package having a thickness of 3 mm in which the powder was vacuum packaged with the inner package and the outer package.
[0069]
Next, the sheet-like package is laminated on the base sheet side of the printed sheet by the adhesive lamination 16 using a two-component curable urethane resin adhesive, and the heat insulating decorative material S of the present invention as shown in FIG. Got.
[0070]
Further, the heat insulating decorative material S is attached to one side of an aluminum plate (thickness 2 mm) as a metal base material with a two-component curable urethane resin adhesive, and as shown in FIG. A heat insulating decorative member D was obtained.
[0071]
[Comparative Example 1]
In Example 1, a heat-insulating cosmetic material was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the inner packaging made of non-woven fabric was omitted and the powder was directly put into a package with outer packaging. A heat insulating decorative member was produced in the same manner.
[0072]
[Comparative Example 2]
In Example 1, the air permeability is 0.01 s / 100 cm as the air-permeable sheet included.^ThreeA heat-insulating decorative material was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that less than titanium paper was used, and a heat-insulating decorative member was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
[0073]
[Comparative Example 3]
In Example 1, the air permeability is 2000 s / 100 cm as the air-permeable sheet included.^ThreeOther than using the wallpaper, an attempt was made to produce a heat insulating decorative material in the same manner as in Example 1, and a heat insulating decorative member was also produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
[0074]
[Performance comparison]
In contrast to Example 1, Comparative Example 1 omits the inclusion of the air-permeable sheet in the heat insulating layer, so that the powder flutters when the inside is evacuated, and a part is sucked together with the vacuum suction. . However, in Example 1 in which the inclusion was used in combination, the powder was prevented from flying by the inclusion, and vacuuming was easily performed. However, Comparative Example 2 in which the air permeability of the air-permeable sheet was too large was not as much as Comparative Example 1, but a part of the powder was sucked up as in Comparative Example 1. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 3 where the air permeability of the air permeable sheet was too small, it was not possible to sufficiently evacuate and the target vacuum level was not reached.
[0075]
And as for the heat insulation performance, when the heat insulation decorative member of Example 1 was floated on ice water at 0 ° C. in a room at 20 ° C. and 30% RH (dew point 4 ° C.), the temperature of the aluminum base material was While the temperature was 1 ° C., the surface temperature of the decorative member was 14 ° C. and there was no condensation, and excellent heat insulation was exhibited. Moreover, in the case of the heat insulation decorative member of the comparative example 3, the surface temperature was 9 degreeC, and although it was not like Example 1, the moderate heat insulation was shown.
[0076]
【The invention's effect】
According to the heat insulating decorative material and the heat insulating decorative member of the present invention, excellent heat insulating properties can be obtained without using Freon gas, which is a problem in the global environment. In addition, when the heat insulating layer is produced by evacuation, the powder inside does not flutter, and the cosmetic is easy to manufacture. Further, there is no deterioration in the heat insulation performance due to the weight loss of the powder during evacuation. In particular, if the air permeability of the air-permeable sheet used for the inclusion is within a specific range, it is possible to reliably prevent the powder from dancing without hindering evacuation.
[0077]
As a result of the above, when air-conditioning a room using the heat-insulating decorative material of the present invention or the heat-insulating decorative member of the present invention in summer or winter, the excellent heat-insulating effect provides excellent cooling effect during cooling and excellent during heating. Heat insulation effect and energy saving effect. In particular, when indoor heating is performed in winter, condensation does not occur inside when the external temperature decreases. In addition, warpage due to temperature changes can be prevented.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a basic configuration of a heat-insulating decorative material according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view mainly illustrating various form examples of a decorative layer in the heat insulating decorative material of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating another example of the decorative layer in the heat insulating decorative material of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram conceptually illustrating the relationship between particle size and mean free path.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view illustrating an example of a package,
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the heat insulating layer.
7 is a plan view showing various examples of the planar view shape in the embodiment of FIG. 6. FIG.
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the heat insulating decorative material of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view and a perspective view showing another embodiment of the heat insulating decorative member of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Makeup layer
2 Insulation layer
3 Powder
4 Air-permeable sheet
5 Gas barrier sheet
6 Packaging
7 Adhesive layer
8 Base material
9 Air gap
11 Substrate sheet
12 Pattern layer
13 Uneven pattern
14 Coloring part
15 Surface protective layer
16 Adhesive layer
21 opening
22 Heat seal layer
D Insulating decorative material
S Insulating decorative material
a Colorant
r Komuro
w Fixed part

Claims

Becomes heat insulating layer is provided on the back side of the decorative layer, the heat insulating layer is an insulation layer to which the particles formed by the vacuum packaging, and the powder is divided into a plurality of small chambers by the fixing portion between the permeable sheet A heat-insulating cosmetic material, which is wrapped in an inner package, and further wrapped in an outer package made of a gas barrier sheet and vacuum packaged .

The heat insulating decorative material according to claim 1, wherein the air permeability of the air permeable sheet is 0.01 to 1000 s / 100 cm ³ .

A heat-insulating decorative member obtained by laminating the heat-insulating decorative material according to claim 1 or 2 directly or via another layer on the back side thereof.