JP4621928B2

JP4621928B2 - Structural members and structures

Info

Publication number: JP4621928B2
Application number: JP2000325837A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 加奈子林; 慎一郎林; 和志郎林; 宏三郎林
Original assignee: 株式会社林物産発明研究所
Priority date: 2000-10-25
Filing date: 2000-10-25
Publication date: 2011-02-02
Anticipated expiration: 2020-10-25
Also published as: JP2002129676A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、道路、橋などの構造物、特に仮設用道路、仮設用橋などを構築できる構造部材および構造物に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来、道路や橋などの構造物は、先ず構造物を構築すべき場所の地盤を掘削して凹みをつくり、その凹みに鉄筋とコンクリートなどを使用した基礎をつくる。この基礎の上に鉄筋コンクリートなどの基盤や柱と梁などの構造物を構築する。
【０００３】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上記のような構造物は、頑強な基礎の上に鉄筋コンクリートや鉄骨コンクリートなどの構造物を構築するので、構造物自体が重いものとなり、基礎を十分に強度のあるものとしなければならない。さらに、基盤や柱または梁の構築には、コンクリートを打設するための仮枠設置などの仮設工事、その他の付帯設備を要し、施工に時間がかかるとともに資材、材料を多く必要とする。その上、施工に熟練を要するので、設置には十分な配慮が必要である。
【０００４】
本発明は、構造物を短期間に構築できることを課題とする。
【０００５】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するため、本発明は、環状に形成された面を有する縁枠と、該縁枠の前記面が形成された側と反対側に延在された凸状体とを備えた構造部材であって、前記凸状体の先端面は前記縁枠の面と平行に形成され、前記縁枠の面および前記凸状体の先端面は、継手部材を介して複数の前記構造部材が３次元的に連結される複数の連結部を有し、該連結部は、前記継手部材に対して複数個所の係合可能部分を有してなることを特徴とする。
【０００６】
このようにすることにより、構造部材の縁枠は環状に形成されるので剛性が高まる。構造部材の互いに平行に形成された縁枠の面と凸状体の先端面は、それぞれ複数の連結部を有する。この複数の連結部には継手部材が係合可能であるので、たとえば縁枠同士や凸状体の先端同士を継手部材を介して連結できる。この際、各連結部は、継手部材に対して複数個所の係合可能部分を有するので、係合された連結部と継手部材とは回転などの動きが無く固定される。したがって、構造部材と構造部材は継手部材を介して回転などの動きが無く連結され、３次元的な構造物を短期間に構築できる。
【０００７】
さらに、連結部の係合可能部分は、孔または突起であると良い。たとえば構造部材側の連結部係合可能部分として複数の孔を設け、継手側の係合可能部分としてこの孔に係合する突起を設けることにより、これらの孔と突起の係合により構造部材の連結部と継手部材とを固定し、継手部材を介して構造部材同士を短時間に連結できる。
【０００８】
さらに、孔または突起は、連結部に継手部材が係合されたときに抜けが防止される抜け防止手段を有すると良い。こうすることにより構造部材の連結部と継手部材とは固定され外れることがない。
【０００９】
上記の構造部材と継手部材を用いることにより、複数の構造部材を３次元的に連結して構造物を構築することができる。構造部材側の係合可能部分と前記継手側の係合可能部分の内、どちらか一方の側に設けた孔と、他方の側に設けた突起とを係合することにより簡便に連結できるので、短期間に構造物を構築できる。特に、仮設用構造物に好適である。水上浮体物の場合は、上記構造部材と継手部材を用いて構造部材同士を連結して構造物を構築した後、この構造物の外側を遮水性シートで覆うことにより浮体物とすることができる。
【００１０】
次に本発明を構成する要件についてさらに詳しく説明する。本発明の構造部材を複数連結した構造物は、たとえば仮設用道路、仮設用橋または法面緑化施設あるいは水上浮体物などに好適である。仮設用橋の場合、いわゆる太鼓橋とすることにより力学的に有利な構築物とすることができる。また、ヘドロの堆積した湖沼、海などに本発明の構造物による道路、橋などを構築する場合、構造部材の内側にヘドロを入れながら構築することもできる。この場合、構造部材凸状体の側壁に設ける通孔の大きさはヘドロが流出しない程度の大きさとする。
【００１１】
構造部材は、縁枠と凸状体とを備えるが、軽量材料で形成されると良い。一つ当たりの構造部材が軽量となり持ち運びと組み立てが容易となる。構造部材の形状は、その縁枠の一方の側に環状に形成された面を有し、この面側と反対側に凸状体を有するものとし、構造部材自体の強度と剛性は大きくされる。このため縁枠および凸状体の肉厚は大きくされ、かつリブなどで補強されることが好ましい。
【００１２】
縁枠および凸状体の大きさ、肉厚などは構造部材にかかる荷重を十分支える大きさとする。構造部材の材質は、先に記したように、剛性を有する軽量材料で形成される。剛性を有する軽量材料としては、ポリプロピレンなどの合成樹脂、アルミニウム合金などの軽金属、軽量コンクリートなどである。軽量材料で形成された構造部材は軽量であり、かつ剛性があり耐荷重性に優れる。
【００１３】
構造部材の縁枠形状は、投影面上で環状に形成された面を有し、強度と剛性が大であれば特に限定されないが、たとえばコの字形状、中空環状形状などとすると良い。また、縁枠の環状に形成された面に複数の連結部を有する。
【００１４】
構造部材の凸状体は、縁枠の環状に形成された面側と反対側に延在されるが、その形状は、先端面が縁枠の環状面と平行で、先端面に複数の連結部を有するものであれば特に限定されないが、円筒状、角筒状、中空の截頭円錐状、中空の截頭角錐状その他の形状とし、その数も一つまたは複数でも良い。凸状体の形状が先端面に向かって漸次断面が縮小するテーパー状に形成されたものは、構造部材を運搬ないし輸送する際に、幾つかの構造部材の凸状体を重ね合わせることができるのでコンパクトになり、運搬、輸送の効率を向上させることができる。
【００１５】
縁枠および凸状体の各連結部は、継手部材と係合する係合可能部分が複数箇所設けられる。さらに、各連結部は、構造部材同士が３次元的に、すなわち左右、前後および上下方向に連結できるように設けられる。係合可能部分として、たとえば複数の孔または突起が設けられる。また、これらの孔または突起に対応する突起または孔が継手部材に設けられる。
【００１６】
これらの孔または突起の形状は特に限定されないが、構造部材側の孔または突起と継手部材側の突起または孔とは堅く係合し、かつ抜けないように抜け防止手段が設けられる。抜け防止手段としては、たとえば孔の方にはその内周方向に環状の溝を設け、突起の方にはこの環状の溝に係合する環状の突出部を突起の外周方向に設けても良い。あるいは突起の外周方向に突出部を設け、孔の設けられる側の構造部材または継手部材に対するストッパーとしても良い。また突起に先の突出部が設けられる場合、この突出部を含む先端寄り部分の高さ方向にスリットを入れ、突起を孔に挿入した際に拡縮し易くしても良い。
【００１７】
また、各連結部は、継手部材の肉厚の二分の一の寸法だけ窪ませると良い。こうすると構造部材同士を連結したときに継手部材が縁枠の面または凸状体の先端面同士の間に挟持され、かつ縁枠の面または凸状体の先端面同士が合わさり、荷重に対する局部的な過大応力の発生が防止され、かつ連結が確実にできる。
【００１８】
縁枠の形状が投影面上で矩形の環状に形成される場合、その四隅の位置に孔または突起が設けられると良い。四隅の位置に孔または突起が設けられることにより、１点に上下で八つの構造部材の隅を集合させ易くなり、八つの構造部材の連結が一つの継手部材でできる。縁枠の投影面上での形状は、たとえば正方形、長方形などの多角形や円形、楕円形などとしても良い。凸状体の断面形状についても同様とし、強度、剛性のある中空構造としても良い。
【００１９】
因みに、本発明の構造部材同士を連結する場合、上記突起にねじを形成し、孔の設けられた側の部材をナットで締め付けても良い。あるいは、縁枠と継手部材の両方に孔を設け、ボルトとナットで締結しても良い。ボルトとナットの材質は、使用目的に応じて、合成樹脂、軽金属、ステンレスその他の非腐食性材料が使用される。
【００２０】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明に係る構造部材および構造物の実施形態を図面に基づいて詳細に説明する。なお、図１〜１０において、同一または同等の構造、作用部分には同一符号を付けて示す。
【００２１】
図１は、本発明に係る構造部材の第１実施形態を示す正面図である。図２は、図１の平面図である。図３は、図１の下面図である。第１実施形態の構造部材５は、たとえば道路、橋などの構造物、特に仮設用道路、仮設用橋あるいは水上浮体物などに適用できるものである。
【００２２】
図１に示すように、構造部材５は、投影面上で矩形環状に形成された面９（図２、３に表示）を有する縁枠７と、この縁枠の面９が形成された側と反対側に延在された凸状体２０とを備える。縁枠７の大きさとしては、たとえば一辺が３００〜１２００ｍｍ程度の略矩形とすることができる。
【００２３】
縁枠７は、略矩形に形成され環状の面９を有する。さらに縁枠７は、環状の面９が形成された環状板９ａと、環状板９ａの縁に形成された垂下片１０とを有する。環状板９ａは矩形状に形成される。縁枠の面９には、後述の縁枠側継手部材（図４の符号４０）を介して複数の構造部材５が３次元的に連結される複数の連結部１１が設けられる。連結部１１は、縁枠の面９から窪ませた面１３を有し、この面１３に係合孔１５が形成される。
【００２４】
凸状体２０は、略截頭角錐状に形成され、縁枠７の内側から緩い先細り状に延在した側壁２４と、側壁２４から延在する底２７とを有する。側壁２４には矩形状の複数の通孔２６が設けられ軽量化が図られる。凸状体２０の先端面２２は縁枠の面９と平行に形成される。先端面２２には、後述の凸状体側継手部材（図５の符号４６）を介して複数の構造部材５が３次元的に連結される複数の連結部２８が設けられる。連結部２８には底の下側下面から窪ませた面３０を有する。凸状体２０の底２７にも通孔２６が設けられる。底２７には中空の截頭円錐状の柱状部３８が形成され、その柱状部３８の截頭した先端面位置は環状の面９位置に一致する。
【００２５】
図２、３に示すように、第１実施形態の構造部材５において、縁枠の連結部１１、および凸状体の連結部２８は、各々四隅に４箇所ずつ設けられる。縁枠側の連結部１１は、それぞれ縁枠側継手部材４０に対して３箇所の係合孔（係合可能部分）１５を有する。同様に凸状体側の連結部２８についてもそれぞれ凸状体側継手部材４６に対して３箇所の係合孔（係合可能部分）３２を有する。また、構造部材３は剛性を有する軽量材料で形成され、この実施形態では合成樹脂であるポリプロピレンで形成される。
【００２６】
図４は、第１実施形態の構造部材同士を連結する縁枠側継手部材４０を示し、（Ａ）は正面図、（Ｂ）は（Ａ）の平面図である。符号４０は、縁枠側継手部材の総称を表し、縁枠側継手部材４０には、構造部材５を八つ連結するのに使用され突起４４が両側にあるもの（符号４０ａ）、構造部材５を同一平面内で四つ連結するのに使用され突起４４が片側にあるもの（符号４０ｂ）、符号４０ａの略半分のもの（符号４０ｃ）、符号４０ｂの略半分のもの（符号４０ｄ）、構造物のコーナーに使用され突起４４が両側にあるもの（符号４０ｅ）の５種類がある。図４に示すものは、これらのうち符号４０ａを表す。
【００２７】
縁枠側継手部材４０ａは、十字状の板状部４１と、円柱状の突起４４とを有する。板状部４１の厚みＴは、先の構造部材５における縁部の窪みの高さｔの２倍に設定される。突起４４は、構造部材の縁枠側連結部に設けられた係合孔１５に対応させて、その数、径などが決定される。さらに、縁枠側継手部材４０ａは、縁枠連結部一つに対して三つの突起４４を有する。突起４４の先端側４４ａはテーパー状に形成され構造部材の縁部側係合孔１５に嵌入し易く形成される。
【００２８】
さらに、突起４４の周方向には抜け止め手段である環状の突出部４４ｂが形成される。突出部４４ｂは、突起４４が縁部係合孔１５に嵌入したときに、突出部４４ｂの板状部側が縁部の環状板９ａの内側面に係合し抜けが防止される。縁枠側継手部材４０ｂ、４０ｃ、４０ｄ、４０ｅ、４０ｆについても縁枠側継手部材４０ａに準じて使用される箇所に適合するように形状と大きさが決定される。但し、縁枠側継手部材４０ｂ、４０ｄ、４０ｆの板状部の厚みは、縁枠側継手部材４０ａの板状部の厚みＴの１／２とされる。
【００２９】
図５は、第１実施形態の構造部材同士を連結する凸状体側継手部材４６を示し、（Ａ）は正面図、（Ｂ）は（Ａ）の平面図である。符号４６は、凸状体側継手部材の総称を表し、凸状体側継手部材４６には、構造部材５を八つ連結するのに使用され突起４４が両側にあるもの（符号４６ａ）、構造部材５を同一平面内で四つ連結するのに使用され突起４４が片側にあるもの（符号４６ｂ）、符号４６ａの略半分のもの（符号４６ｃ）、符号４６ｂの略半分のもの（符号４６ｄ）、構造物のコーナーに使用され突起４４が両側にあるもの（符号４６ｅ）の５種類がある。図５に示すものは、これらのうち符号４６ａを表す。
【００３０】
凸状体側継手部材４６ａは、十字状の板状部４７と、円柱状の突起５０とを有する。板状部４７の厚みＴは、先の構造部材５における縁部の窪みの高さｔの２倍に設定される。突起５０は、構造部材の凸状体側連結部に設けられた係合孔３２に対応させて、その数、径などが決定される。さらに、凸状体側継手部材４６ａは、凸状体側連結部一つに対して三つの突起５０を有する。突起５０の先端側５０ａはテーパー状に形成され構造部材の凸状体側係合孔３２に嵌入し易く形成される。
【００３１】
さらに、突起５０が凸状体側係合孔３２に嵌入したときに抜け止め手段である環状突出部５０ｂの板状部側が凸状体の連結部２８の内側面に係合し、抜けが防止される。凸状体側継手部材４６ｂ、４６ｃ、４６ｄ、４６ｅについても凸状体側継手部材４６ａに準じて使用される箇所に適合するように形状と大きさが決定される。但し、凸状体側継手部材４６ｂ、４６ｄの板状部の厚みは、凸状体側継手部材４６ａの板状部の厚みＴの１／２とされる。
【００３２】
以上の構造を有する第１実施形態の構造部材５は、次のように作用する。すなわち、図１（図２、３）において、構造部材の縁枠７は環状に形成されるので剛性が高まる。構造部材の互いに平行に形成された縁枠の面９と凸状体の先端面２２は、それぞれ複数の連結部１１、２８を有する。この複数の連結部１１、２８には図示していない継手部材４０、４６が係合可能であるので、たとえば縁枠７同士や凸状体２０の先端同士を継手部材４０、４６を介して左右、前後および上下方向に連結できる。
【００３３】
この際、各連結部１１、２８は、継手部材に対して複数個所の係合孔１５、３２を有するので、係合された連結部１１、２８と継手部材とは回転などの動きが無く固定される。したがって、構造部材と構造部材は継手部材を介して回転などの動きが無く連結され、３次元的な構造物が短期間に構築される。
【００３４】
さらに、連結部の係合孔１５、３２と継手部材の突起４４、５０の係合により構造部材の連結部１１、２８と継手部材４０、４６とを固定し、継手部材４０、４６を介して構造部材同士を短時間に連結できる。さらに、突起が突出部４４ｂ、５０ｂを有することにより構造部材の連結部１１、２８と継手部材とは固定され外れることがない。
【００３５】
構造部材５が軽量材料であるポリプロピレンで形成されることにより、一つ当たりの構造部材５が軽量となり持ち運びと組み立てが容易となる。さらに、構造部材の凸状体がテーパー状に形成されることにより運搬ないし輸送する際に、複数の構造部材の凸状体を重ね合わせて運搬、輸送でき、運搬、輸送の効率を向上させることができる。
【００３６】
また、凸状体の柱状部３８の内側に芯材を入れて、構造部材５を上下方向に連結することにより、構造部材５にかかる上下方向の荷重を構造部材自体と芯材の両方で分担して支えることができ、構造体の耐荷重性を向上させることができる。
【００３７】
また、連結部１１、２８は、継手部材４０、４６の肉厚の二分の一の寸法だけ窪ませることにより、構造部材５と継手部材４０、４６が係合したときに継手部材４０、４６が縁枠の面９または凸状体の先端面２２同士の間に挟持され、かつ縁枠の面９または凸状体の先端面２２同士が合わさり、荷重に対する局部的な過大応力の発生が防止される。さらに、縁枠７の投影面上の形状が矩形に形成され、その四隅の位置に係合孔１５が設けられることにより、１点に上下で八つの構造部材５の隅を集合させた状態で連結できる。
【００３８】
図６は、本発明に係る構造部材の第２実施形態を示す斜視図である。図７は、図６に示した構造部材の下面側の斜視図である。第２実施形態の構造部材５は、凸状体２０を四つ有する。このようにすることにより大型の構造部材が形成できる。構造部材５が大型であっても構造部材５自体の強度と剛性を増すことができる。図６、７におけるその他の部分の構造と作用は、図１〜３に示した第１実施形態の構造部材と同じであるので、その説明を省略する。
【００３９】
図８は、本発明に係る構造部材の第３実施形態を示す斜視図である。第３実施形態の構造部材は、その縁枠７の連結部に窪ませた面が設けられていない点である。このようにすることにより、構造部材の構造が単純化される。このような構造部材でも短期間に構造物を形成することができる。図８におけるその他の部分の構造と作用は、図６、７に示した第２実施形態の構造部材と同じであるので、その説明を省略する。
【００４０】
図９は、第１実施形態の構造部材５を連結して形成された構造物１を示す正面図である。図１０は、図９に示した構造物１の平面図である。本構造物１は、第１実施形態の構造部材５が高さ方向に３段連結され、縦方向２に５列、横方向３に２列連結されて形成されたものである。本発明の構造物は、この実施形態の構造物１の大きさに限定されず、用途に応じて適宜の段数と、縦横列にしたものとすることができる。
【００４１】
図９、１０において、構造部材５同士の間に隙間Ｄが設けられているが、この大きさは構造物１の用途に応じて隙間のない状態を含めて適宜の大きさとする。すなわち、隙間Ｄ＝０とし、構造物全体を剛性のある一体物とした方が良い場合や、隙間Ｄをある程度の大きさとし構造物に柔軟性を持たせ他方が良い場合など使用目的、用途に応じて決めると良い。
【００４２】
本構造物１を、たとえば浮体物として使用する場合、構造物１の外側を遮水性シートで覆うが、この際構造物１の外側に２点鎖線で示す側部材５４を設けると良い。こうすると構造物が遮水性シートで比較的弛みがなく確実に覆われ、かつ側圧に対して遮水性シートが破損することがなくなる。側部材５４としては軽量材料を使用し、たとえばスチロール樹脂などの合成樹脂材を使用すると良い。
【００４３】
また、遮水性シートの材料は、水を透さないものであれば特に限定されないが、たとえば熱融着ゴムシート（ＥＰＤＭ／熱融着タイプ）などのゴムシートや塩ビＰＶＣシートなどの合成樹脂シート、あるいは合成樹脂板、鋼板や軽金属板などの金属板で水に対する耐食性に優れたものなどが好ましい。さらに、遮水性シートの片側または両側にポリエステルによる長繊維不織布などの保護用シートが設けられると良い。保護用シートが設けられることにより遮水性シートの破損が防止される。
【００４４】
構造部材５と継手部材４０、４６を用いることにより、複数の構造部材５を３次元的に連結することができる。構造部材５側の係合孔と継手部材４０、４６側の突起４４、５０とを係合することにより簡便に連結でき、短期間に構造物を構築できる。
【００４５】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、構造物を短期間に構築できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明に係る構造部材の第１実施形態を示す正面図である。
【図２】図１の平面図である。
【図３】図１の下面図である。
【図４】第１実施形態の構造部材同士を連結する縁枠側継手部材を示し、（Ａ）は正面図、（Ｂ）は（Ａ）の平面図である。
【図５】第１実施形態の構造部材同士を連結する凸状体先端側継手部材を示し、（Ａ）は正面図、（Ｂ）は（Ａ）の平面図である。
【図６】本発明に係る構造部材の第２実施形態を示す斜視図である。
【図７】図６に示した構造部材の下面側の斜視図である。
【図８】本発明に係る構造部材の第３実施形態を示す斜視図である。
【図９】第１実施形態の構造部材を連結して形成した構造物を示す正面図である。
【図１０】図９に示した構造物の平面図である。
【符号の説明】
１構造物
５構造部材
７縁枠
９面
１１連結部
１５係合孔（縁枠側係合可能部分）
２０凸状体
２２先端面
２８連結部
３２係合孔（凸状体側係合可能部分）
４０、４０ａ〜４０ｅ縁枠側継手部材
４６、４６ａ〜４６ｅ凸状体側継手部材[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a structural member and a structure capable of constructing a structure such as a road and a bridge, in particular, a temporary road and a temporary bridge.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, a structure such as a road or a bridge is first excavated from the ground where the structure is to be constructed to form a recess, and a foundation using a reinforcing bar, concrete, or the like is formed in the recess. On this foundation, a foundation such as reinforced concrete and structures such as columns and beams are constructed.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, since the structure as described above constructs a structure such as reinforced concrete or steel frame concrete on a strong foundation, the structure itself is heavy and the foundation must be sufficiently strong. In addition, the construction of the foundation, columns, or beams requires temporary work such as setting up a temporary frame for placing concrete, and other incidental equipment, which takes time and requires many materials and materials. In addition, since installation requires skill, sufficient consideration is required for installation.
[0004]
An object of the present invention is to be able to construct a structure in a short time.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention includes a structure including an edge frame having a ring-shaped surface, and a convex body extending on the opposite side of the edge frame on which the surface is formed. A front end surface of the convex body is formed in parallel with a surface of the edge frame, and a plurality of the structural members are connected to the surface of the edge frame and the front end surface of the convex body via joint members. It has a plurality of connection parts connected three-dimensionally, and this connection part has a part which can be engaged with a plurality of places to the above-mentioned joint member.
[0006]
By doing in this way, since the edge frame of a structural member is formed in cyclic | annular form, rigidity increases. The surface of the edge frame formed in parallel to the structural member and the tip surface of the convex body each have a plurality of connecting portions. Since joint members can be engaged with the plurality of connecting portions, for example, the edge frames and the tips of the convex bodies can be connected via the joint members. At this time, since each connecting portion has a plurality of engageable portions with respect to the joint member, the engaged connecting portion and the joint member are fixed without movement such as rotation. Therefore, the structural member and the structural member are connected without movement such as rotation through the joint member, and a three-dimensional structure can be constructed in a short time.
[0007]
Further, the engageable portion of the connecting portion may be a hole or a protrusion. For example, by providing a plurality of holes as the connecting portion engageable portion on the structural member side, and providing a protrusion that engages with the hole as the engageable portion on the joint side, The connecting part and the joint member are fixed, and the structural members can be connected in a short time via the joint member.
[0008]
Furthermore, the hole or the protrusion may have a disconnection preventing means for preventing the disconnection when the coupling member is engaged with the connecting portion. By doing so, the connecting portion of the structural member and the joint member are fixed and do not come off.
[0009]
By using the above structural member and joint member, a structure can be constructed by three-dimensionally connecting a plurality of structural members. Since the engagement portion on the structural member side and the engagement portion on the joint side can be easily connected by engaging the hole provided on one side with the protrusion provided on the other side. A structure can be built in a short time. It is particularly suitable for a temporary structure. In the case of a floating body, after constructing a structure by connecting the structural members using the structural member and the joint member, a floating body can be obtained by covering the outside of the structure with a water-impervious sheet. .
[0010]
Next, the requirements constituting the present invention will be described in more detail. A structure in which a plurality of structural members of the present invention are connected is suitable for, for example, a temporary road, a temporary bridge, a slope planting facility, or a floating body. In the case of a temporary bridge, a so-called taiko bridge can be used as a mechanically advantageous structure. Moreover, when constructing roads, bridges, and the like by the structure of the present invention in lakes and marshes where sludge has accumulated, it is also possible to construct them while putting sludge inside the structural members. In this case, the size of the through hole provided in the side wall of the structural member convex body is set such that sludge does not flow out.
[0011]
The structural member includes an edge frame and a convex body, but is preferably formed of a lightweight material. Each structural member is light and easy to carry and assemble. The shape of the structural member has a ring-shaped surface on one side of the edge frame, and has a convex body on the opposite side to the surface side, thereby increasing the strength and rigidity of the structural member itself. . For this reason, it is preferable that the thickness of the edge frame and the convex body is increased and reinforced with ribs or the like.
[0012]
The size and thickness of the edge frame and the convex body are sufficiently large to support the load applied to the structural member. As described above, the structural member is made of a lightweight material having rigidity. Examples of the lightweight material having rigidity include synthetic resins such as polypropylene, light metals such as aluminum alloys, and lightweight concrete. A structural member formed of a lightweight material is lightweight, rigid, and excellent in load resistance.
[0013]
The edge frame shape of the structural member is not particularly limited as long as it has a surface formed in an annular shape on the projection surface and has high strength and rigidity. For example, a U-shape or a hollow annular shape may be used. Moreover, it has a some connection part in the surface formed in the cyclic | annular form of the edge frame.
[0014]
The convex body of the structural member extends to the side opposite to the ring-shaped surface side of the edge frame, but its shape is parallel to the ring surface of the edge frame, and there are multiple connections to the tip surface. Although it will not specifically limit if it has a part, It is set as a cylindrical shape, a rectangular tube shape, a hollow frustoconical shape, a hollow frustoconical shape, etc., and the number may be one or more. When the shape of the convex body is tapered such that the cross section gradually decreases toward the tip surface, the convex bodies of several structural members can be overlapped when transporting or transporting the structural members. Therefore, it becomes compact and the efficiency of transportation and transportation can be improved.
[0015]
Each of the connecting portions of the edge frame and the convex body is provided with a plurality of engageable portions that engage with the joint member. Furthermore, each connection part is provided so that structural members can be connected in three dimensions, ie, left and right, front and rear, and up and down. As the engageable part, for example, a plurality of holes or protrusions are provided. In addition, protrusions or holes corresponding to these holes or protrusions are provided in the joint member.
[0016]
Although the shape of these holes or protrusions is not particularly limited, the holes or protrusions on the structural member side and the protrusions or holes on the joint member side are firmly engaged and provided with a means for preventing them from coming off. For example, the hole may be provided with an annular groove in the inner circumferential direction thereof, and the protrusion may be provided with an annular protrusion engaging with the annular groove in the outer circumferential direction of the protrusion. . Or it is good also as a stopper with respect to the structural member or joint member of the side by which a protrusion is provided in the outer peripheral direction of a protrusion, and a hole is provided. Further, when the protrusion is provided with the previous protrusion, a slit may be provided in the height direction of the portion near the tip including the protrusion, and the protrusion may be easily expanded or contracted when inserted into the hole.
[0017]
Moreover, it is good for each connection part to dent only the dimension of 1/2 of the thickness of a joint member. In this way, when the structural members are connected to each other, the joint member is sandwiched between the edge frame surfaces or the front end surfaces of the convex bodies, and the edge frame surfaces or the front end faces of the convex bodies are joined together, so that the local portion against the load Generation of excessive stress is prevented, and the connection can be ensured.
[0018]
When the shape of the edge frame is formed in a rectangular ring shape on the projection surface, holes or protrusions are preferably provided at the positions of the four corners. By providing holes or protrusions at the four corner positions, it becomes easy to gather the corners of the eight structural members at the top and bottom at one point, and the eight structural members can be connected by one joint member. The shape of the edge frame on the projection surface may be, for example, a polygon such as a square or a rectangle, a circle, or an ellipse. The same applies to the cross-sectional shape of the convex body, and a hollow structure having strength and rigidity may be employed.
[0019]
Incidentally, when connecting the structural members of the present invention, a screw may be formed on the protrusion, and the member on the side provided with the hole may be tightened with a nut. Alternatively, holes may be provided in both the edge frame and the joint member and fastened with bolts and nuts. The material of the bolt and nut is non-corrosive material such as synthetic resin, light metal, stainless steel, etc., depending on the purpose of use.
[0020]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments of a structural member and a structure according to the present invention will be described in detail based on the drawings. 1 to 10, the same or equivalent structures and operation parts are denoted by the same reference numerals.
[0021]
FIG. 1 is a front view showing a first embodiment of a structural member according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a plan view of FIG. FIG. 3 is a bottom view of FIG. The structural member 5 of the first embodiment can be applied to structures such as roads and bridges, in particular, temporary roads, temporary bridges, floating bodies, and the like.
[0022]
As shown in FIG. 1, the structural member 5 includes an edge frame 7 having a surface 9 (shown in FIGS. 2 and 3) formed in a rectangular ring shape on the projection surface, and a side on which the surface 9 of the edge frame is formed. And a convex body 20 extending on the opposite side. As the size of the edge frame 7, for example, it can be a substantially rectangular shape with one side of about 300 to 1200 mm.
[0023]
The edge frame 7 is formed in a substantially rectangular shape and has an annular surface 9. Further, the edge frame 7 has an annular plate 9a on which an annular surface 9 is formed, and a hanging piece 10 formed on the edge of the annular plate 9a. The annular plate 9a is formed in a rectangular shape. A plurality of connecting portions 11 to which a plurality of structural members 5 are three-dimensionally connected are provided on the surface 9 of the edge frame via an edge frame side joint member (reference numeral 40 in FIG. 4) described later. The connecting portion 11 has a surface 13 that is recessed from the surface 9 of the edge frame, and an engagement hole 15 is formed in the surface 13.
[0024]
The convex body 20 is formed in a substantially truncated pyramid shape, and has a side wall 24 that extends loosely from the inside of the edge frame 7 and a bottom 27 that extends from the side wall 24. The side wall 24 is provided with a plurality of rectangular through holes 26 to reduce the weight. The front end surface 22 of the convex body 20 is formed in parallel with the surface 9 of the edge frame. The distal end surface 22 is provided with a plurality of connecting portions 28 to which the plurality of structural members 5 are three-dimensionally connected via convex body side joint members (reference numeral 46 in FIG. 5) described later. The connecting portion 28 has a surface 30 that is recessed from the lower lower surface of the bottom. A through hole 26 is also provided in the bottom 27 of the convex body 20. A hollow frustoconical columnar portion 38 is formed on the bottom 27, and the position of the truncated distal end surface of the columnar portion 38 coincides with the position of the annular surface 9.
[0025]
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, in the structural member 5 of the first embodiment, the edge frame connecting portion 11 and the convex connecting portion 28 are provided at four corners, respectively. Each of the edge frame side connecting portions 11 has three engagement holes (engageable portions) 15 with respect to the edge frame side joint member 40. Similarly, each of the connecting portions 28 on the convex body side has three engagement holes (engageable portions) 32 with respect to the convex body side joint member 46. The structural member 3 is formed of a lightweight material having rigidity, and in this embodiment, the structural member 3 is formed of polypropylene which is a synthetic resin.
[0026]
4A and 4B show the edge frame side joint member 40 that connects the structural members of the first embodiment. FIG. 4A is a front view, and FIG. 4B is a plan view of FIG. Reference numeral 40 represents a generic name of the edge frame side joint member, and the edge frame side joint member 40 is used to connect eight structural members 5 and has protrusions 44 on both sides (reference numeral 40a). Used in the same plane and having projections 44 on one side (reference 40b), substantially half of reference 40a (reference 40c), substantially half of reference 40b (reference 40d), structure There are five types, one used for the corners of objects and one having projections 44 on both sides (reference numeral 40e). 4 shows the code | symbol 40a among these.
[0027]
The edge frame side joint member 40 a includes a cross-shaped plate-like portion 41 and a columnar protrusion 44. The thickness T of the plate-like portion 41 is set to twice the height t of the edge recess in the previous structural member 5. The number and diameter of the protrusions 44 are determined in correspondence with the engagement holes 15 provided in the edge frame side connecting portion of the structural member. Furthermore, the edge frame side joint member 40a has three protrusions 44 for one edge frame connecting portion. The front end side 44a of the protrusion 44 is formed in a taper shape so as to be easily fitted into the edge side engagement hole 15 of the structural member.
[0028]
Further, an annular protrusion 44 b that is a retaining means is formed in the circumferential direction of the protrusion 44. When the protrusion 44 is fitted into the edge engaging hole 15, the protruding portion 44b engages the plate-like portion side of the protruding portion 44b with the inner side surface of the annular plate 9a at the edge to prevent the protruding portion 44b from coming off. The shape and size of the edge frame side joint members 40b, 40c, 40d, 40e, and 40f are also determined so as to be adapted to locations used according to the edge frame side joint member 40a. However, the thickness of the plate-like portions of the edge frame side joint members 40b, 40d, and 40f is ½ of the thickness T of the plate-like portion of the edge frame side joint member 40a.
[0029]
FIG. 5 shows the convex body side joint member 46 that connects the structural members of the first embodiment, (A) is a front view, and (B) is a plan view of (A). Reference numeral 46 represents a generic name of the convex body side joint member. The convex body side joint member 46 is used to connect eight structural members 5 and has protrusions 44 on both sides (reference numeral 46a). , The projection 44 is on one side (reference numeral 46b), substantially half of reference numeral 46a (reference numeral 46c), substantially half of reference numeral 46b (reference numeral 46d), structure There are five types, one used for the corners of objects and one having projections 44 on both sides (reference numeral 46e). What is shown in FIG. 5 represents the code | symbol 46a among these.
[0030]
The convex body side joint member 46 a includes a cross-shaped plate-shaped portion 47 and a columnar protrusion 50. The thickness T of the plate-like portion 47 is set to be twice the height t of the recess at the edge in the previous structural member 5. The number and diameter of the protrusions 50 are determined in correspondence with the engagement holes 32 provided in the convex body side connecting portion of the structural member. Furthermore, the convex body side joint member 46a has three protrusions 50 for one convex body side coupling portion. The front end side 50a of the protrusion 50 is formed in a taper shape so as to be easily fitted into the convex body side engagement hole 32 of the structural member.
[0031]
Further, when the projection 50 is fitted into the convex body side engaging hole 32, the plate-like portion side of the annular projecting portion 50b, which is a retaining means, is engaged with the inner side surface of the connecting portion 28 of the convex body, thereby preventing the projection 50 from coming off. The The shape and size of the convex body side joint members 46b, 46c, 46d, and 46e are determined so as to be adapted to the locations used according to the convex body side joint member 46a. However, the thickness of the plate-like portions of the convex body-side joint members 46b and 46d is ½ of the thickness T of the plate-like portion of the convex-body-side joint member 46a.
[0032]
The structural member 5 of the first embodiment having the above structure operates as follows. That is, in FIG. 1 (FIGS. 2 and 3), since the edge frame 7 of the structural member is formed in an annular shape, the rigidity is increased. The edge frame surface 9 and the convex end surface 22 of the structural member formed in parallel to each other have a plurality of connecting portions 11 and 28, respectively. Since joint members 40 and 46 (not shown) can be engaged with the plurality of connecting portions 11 and 28, for example, the edge frames 7 and the tips of the convex bodies 20 are connected to each other through the joint members 40 and 46. Can be connected in the front-rear and up-down directions.
[0033]
At this time, since each of the connecting portions 11 and 28 has a plurality of engaging holes 15 and 32 with respect to the joint member, the engaged connecting portions 11 and 28 and the joint member are fixed without movement such as rotation. Is done. Therefore, the structural member and the structural member are connected without movement such as rotation through the joint member, and a three-dimensional structure is constructed in a short time.
[0034]
Further, the engaging portions 15 and 32 of the connecting portion and the protrusions 44 and 50 of the joint member are engaged to fix the connecting portions 11 and 28 of the structural member and the joint members 40 and 46, and the joint members 40 and 46 are interposed therebetween. The structural members can be connected in a short time. Further, since the protrusion has the projecting portions 44b and 50b, the connecting portions 11 and 28 of the structural member and the joint member are fixed and do not come off.
[0035]
When the structural member 5 is formed of polypropylene, which is a lightweight material, the structural member 5 per piece becomes light and easy to carry and assemble. Furthermore, when the convex member of the structural member is formed into a tapered shape, it can be transported and transported by superimposing the convex members of the plurality of structural members, thereby improving the efficiency of transport and transport. Can do.
[0036]
Further, by inserting a core material inside the columnar portion 38 of the convex body and connecting the structural member 5 in the vertical direction, the vertical load applied to the structural member 5 is shared by both the structural member itself and the core material. Thus, the load resistance of the structure can be improved.
[0037]
Further, the connecting portions 11 and 28 are recessed by a dimension that is one-half of the thickness of the joint members 40 and 46, so that the joint members 40 and 46 are engaged when the structural member 5 and the joint members 40 and 46 are engaged. It is sandwiched between the edge frame surface 9 or the front end surfaces 22 of the convex bodies, and the edge frame surface 9 or the front end surfaces 22 of the convex bodies are joined together, thereby preventing the occurrence of local excessive stress against the load. The Further, the shape of the edge frame 7 on the projection surface is formed in a rectangular shape, and the engagement holes 15 are provided at the four corner positions so that the corners of the eight structural members 5 are gathered up and down at one point. Can be linked.
[0038]
FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a second embodiment of the structural member according to the present invention. FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the lower surface side of the structural member shown in FIG. The structural member 5 of the second embodiment has four convex bodies 20. By doing so, a large structural member can be formed. Even if the structural member 5 is large, the strength and rigidity of the structural member 5 itself can be increased. The structure and operation of the other parts in FIGS. 6 and 7 are the same as those of the structural member of the first embodiment shown in FIGS.
[0039]
FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a third embodiment of a structural member according to the present invention. The structural member of 3rd Embodiment is a point by which the surface depressed in the connection part of the edge frame 7 is not provided. By doing so, the structure of the structural member is simplified. Even with such a structural member, a structure can be formed in a short time. The structure and operation of the other parts in FIG. 8 are the same as those of the structural member of the second embodiment shown in FIGS.
[0040]
FIG. 9 is a front view showing the structure 1 formed by connecting the structural members 5 of the first embodiment. FIG. 10 is a plan view of the structure 1 shown in FIG. The structure 1 is formed by connecting the structural members 5 of the first embodiment in three steps in the height direction, connecting five rows in the vertical direction 2 and two rows in the horizontal direction 3. The structure of this invention is not limited to the magnitude | size of the structure 1 of this embodiment, According to a use, it can be made into the appropriate number of steps and a vertical and horizontal row.
[0041]
9 and 10, a gap D is provided between the structural members 5, and this size is set to an appropriate size including a state without a gap depending on the use of the structure 1. In other words, when it is better to set the gap D = 0 and make the entire structure a rigid integral, or when the gap D is set to a certain size and the structure is flexible and the other is better, Decide accordingly.
[0042]
When the structure 1 is used as a floating body, for example, the outside of the structure 1 is covered with a water-impervious sheet. At this time, a side member 54 indicated by a two-dot chain line may be provided outside the structure 1. By doing so, the structure is reliably covered with the water-impervious sheet without relatively slack, and the water-impervious sheet is not damaged by the side pressure. As the side member 54, a lightweight material is used, and for example, a synthetic resin material such as styrene resin may be used.
[0043]
In addition, the material of the water-impervious sheet is not particularly limited as long as it does not allow water to pass therethrough. Alternatively, a metal plate such as a synthetic resin plate, a steel plate or a light metal plate, which has excellent corrosion resistance to water, is preferable. Furthermore, a protective sheet such as a non-woven fabric made of polyester may be provided on one side or both sides of the water-proof sheet. By providing the protective sheet, the waterproof sheet is prevented from being damaged.
[0044]
By using the structural member 5 and the joint members 40 and 46, a plurality of structural members 5 can be three-dimensionally connected. By engaging the engagement hole on the structural member 5 side with the protrusions 44 and 50 on the joint member 40, 46 side, it can be easily connected, and a structure can be constructed in a short time.
[0045]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, a structure can be constructed in a short time.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a front view showing a first embodiment of a structural member according to the present invention.
2 is a plan view of FIG. 1. FIG.
FIG. 3 is a bottom view of FIG. 1;
4A and 4B show an edge frame side joint member for connecting structural members of the first embodiment, in which FIG. 4A is a front view, and FIG. 4B is a plan view of FIG.
5A and 5B show a convex-body-end-side joint member that connects the structural members of the first embodiment; FIG. 5A is a front view, and FIG. 5B is a plan view of FIG.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a second embodiment of a structural member according to the present invention.
7 is a perspective view of the lower surface side of the structural member shown in FIG. 6. FIG.
FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a third embodiment of a structural member according to the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a front view showing a structure formed by connecting the structural members of the first embodiment.
10 is a plan view of the structure shown in FIG. 9. FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Structure 5 Structural member 7 Edge frame 9 Surface 11 Connection part 15 Engagement hole (edge frame side engageable part)
20 Convex body 22 Tip surface 28 Connecting portion 32 Engagement hole (convex body side engageable portion)
40, 40a-40e Edge frame side joint member 46, 46a-46e Convex body side joint member

Claims

A structural member comprising an edge frame having a surface formed in an annular shape and a convex body extending on the opposite side to the side on which the surface of the edge frame is formed, the tip of the convex body The surface is formed in parallel with the surface of the edge frame, and the surface of the edge frame and the front end surface of the convex body are a plurality of connecting portions in which the plurality of structural members are three-dimensionally connected through joint members. And the connecting portion has a plurality of engageable portions with respect to the joint member.

2. The structural member according to claim 1, wherein the engageable portion of the connecting portion is a hole or a protrusion.

3. The structural member according to claim 2, wherein the hole or the protrusion includes a slip prevention unit that prevents the joint from being detached when the joint member is engaged with the connecting portion.

A structure formed by three-dimensionally connecting the structural member according to claim 1 through the joint member.