JP4624642B2 - Active agent delivery compounds and compositions - Google Patents
Active agent delivery compounds and compositions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4624642B2 JP4624642B2 JP2002521185A JP2002521185A JP4624642B2 JP 4624642 B2 JP4624642 B2 JP 4624642B2 JP 2002521185 A JP2002521185 A JP 2002521185A JP 2002521185 A JP2002521185 A JP 2002521185A JP 4624642 B2 JP4624642 B2 JP 4624642B2
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- Prior art keywords
- active agent
- composition
- compound
- delivery
- group
- Prior art date
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- 229960001723 oxytocin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- WRUUGTRCQOWXEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pamidronate Chemical compound NCCC(O)(P(O)(O)=O)P(O)(O)=O WRUUGTRCQOWXEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940046231 pamidronate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000137 peptide hydrolase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002831 pharmacologic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003180 prostaglandins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003488 releasing hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019515 salmon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007962 solid dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007909 solid dosage form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- NHXLMOGPVYXJNR-ATOGVRKGSA-N somatostatin Chemical compound C([C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC=2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N1)[C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](C)N)C(O)=O)=O)[C@H](O)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 NHXLMOGPVYXJNR-ATOGVRKGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000553 somatostatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940075554 sorbate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006068 taste-masking agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940108519 trasylol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MYPYJXKWCTUITO-LYRMYLQWSA-N vancomycin Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1OC1=C2C=C3C=C1OC1=CC=C(C=C1Cl)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C(N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H]3C(=O)N[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](C3=CC(O)=CC(O)=C3C=3C(O)=CC=C1C=3)C(O)=O)=O)[C@H](O)C1=CC=C(C(=C1)Cl)O2)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC)[C@H]1C[C@](C)(N)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 MYPYJXKWCTUITO-LYRMYLQWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003165 vancomycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MYPYJXKWCTUITO-UHFFFAOYSA-N vancomycin Natural products O1C(C(=C2)Cl)=CC=C2C(O)C(C(NC(C2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C2C=2C(O)=CC=C3C=2)C(O)=O)=O)NC(=O)C3NC(=O)C2NC(=O)C(CC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC)C(O)C(C=C3Cl)=CC=C3OC3=CC2=CC1=C3OC1OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C1OC1CC(C)(N)C(O)C(C)O1 MYPYJXKWCTUITO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003726 vasopressin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/16—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/16—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids
- A61K31/165—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids having aromatic rings, e.g. colchicine, atenolol, progabide
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/715—Polysaccharides, i.e. having more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ethers, esters
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/715—Polysaccharides, i.e. having more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ethers, esters
- A61K31/726—Glycosaminoglycans, i.e. mucopolysaccharides
- A61K31/727—Heparin; Heparan
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/22—Hormones
- A61K38/23—Calcitonins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/22—Hormones
- A61K38/27—Growth hormone [GH], i.e. somatotropin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
- A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
- A61K47/16—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite containing nitrogen, e.g. nitro-, nitroso-, azo-compounds, nitriles, cyanates
- A61K47/18—Amines; Amides; Ureas; Quaternary ammonium compounds; Amino acids; Oligopeptides having up to five amino acids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C235/00—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms
- C07C235/02—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C235/04—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
- C07C235/16—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C235/00—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms
- C07C235/02—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C235/04—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated
- C07C235/18—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having at least one of the singly-bound oxygen atoms further bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring, e.g. phenoxyacetamides
- C07C235/24—Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated having at least one of the singly-bound oxygen atoms further bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring, e.g. phenoxyacetamides having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Endocrinology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、活性剤、たとえば生物学的または化学的活性剤をターゲットにデリバリー(移送)するための化合物に関する。これらの化合物は、動物への経口、腸内、肺、及び他のルートでの投与用の活性剤と、非共有結合混合物を形成するのに非常に適している。このような組成物の調製方法および投与方法も開示する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来の活性剤デリバリー手段はしばしば、生物学的、化学的、および物理的バリアによって厳しく制限されている。典型的には、これらのバリアは、デリバリーが起こる環境、デリバリー用ターゲットの環境、および/またはターゲット自体に置かれている。生物学的および化学的活性剤は特にこのようなバリアに影響を受けやすい。
生物学的または化学的に活性な薬剤および治療剤の動物へのデリバリーにおいては、バリアは体に置かれている。物理的バリアの例は、皮膚、脂質の双層、および、ある種の活性剤に比較的非透過性であるが、ターゲットに達する前に横切らなければならない、循環系等の、種々の器官膜である。化学的なバリアとしては、胃腸(GI)管におけるpH変化、および酵素の劣化などが挙げられるが、これらに限定されるわけではない。
【0003】
これらのバリアは特に、経口デリバリーシステムのデザインに重要である。多くの生物学的または化学的活性剤の経口デリバリーは、生物学的、化学的、および物理的バリアがなければ、動物への投与用に選択されるルートである。経口投与に典型的には適さない多くの薬剤の中でも例を挙げると特に、カルシトニンおよびインスリンなどの生物学的または化学的活性ペプチド類;多糖類、特にムコ多糖類、たとえば、これに限定されるわけではないが、ヘパリン;ヘパリノイド類;抗生物質;および他の有機物質類が挙げられる。これらの薬剤は、早急に有効でなくなったり、酸加水分解、酵素等により胃腸管で破壊される。さらに、高分子ドラッグのサイズ及び構造が吸収を阻止する可能性がある。
【0004】
破壊されやすい薬剤を経口投与する従来の方法は、腸壁の透過性を人工的に増加させるために、添加剤(たとえば、レゾルシノール及び非イオン性界面活性剤、たとえばポリオキシエチレンオレイルエーテル及びn−ヘキサデシルポリエチレンエーテル)との共投与、並びに、酵素劣化を避けるために酵素阻害剤(たとえばすい臓トリプシン阻害剤、ジイソプロピルフルオロホスファート(DFF)およびトラシロール)に依存するものであった。リポソームもまた、インスリンおよびヘパリンのドラッグデリバリーシステムとして記載されている。しかしながら、このようなドラッグデリバリーシステムを広範囲に使用することは、以下の理由から妨げられている:(1)システムが添加剤または阻害剤を毒性量使用する;(2)適当な低分子量のカルゴ、すなわち活性剤が入手可能ではない;(3)システムの安定性が乏しく、保存期間が適当でない;(4)システムが製造困難である;(5)活性剤(カルゴ:cargo)を保護するためのシステムがない;(6)システムが活性剤を逆に変える;および(7)活性剤の吸収を許可する又は促進するためのシステムがない。
【0005】
プロテノイド微球体が、薬剤をデリバリーするのに使用されている。たとえば、米国特許第5,401,516号;5,443,841号;及びRe.35,862を参照されたい。さらに、ある種の変性アミノ酸が薬剤デリバリーに使用されている。たとえば、米国特許第5,629,020号;5,643,957号;5,766,633号;5,776,888号;及び5,866,536号を参照されたい。
特に最近は、ポリマー性デリバリー剤用に提供するため、ポリマーを、変性アミノ酸又は結合基を介したこれらの誘導体に共役させている。該変性ポリマーは、いかなるポリマーでもよいが、好ましいポリマーは、ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)、及びこの誘導体であるが、これらに限られるわけではない。たとえば、国際出願第WO 00/40203号を参照されたい。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、広範囲の活性剤を種々のルートでデリバリー可能で、容易に調製される簡単で高価ではないデリバリーシステムが未だ必要とされている。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、活性剤のデリバリーを促進する化合物及び組成物を提供する。本発明によるデリバリー剤化合物は、以下の式を有するものまたはその塩を含む。
【0008】
【化3】
【0009】
(式中、R1−R4は独立に、H、−OH、ハロゲン、C1-C4アルコキシ、C1-C4アルキル、C2-C4アルケニル、C2-C4アルキニル、またはアリールであり;
R1−R4は任意に、ハロゲン、−OH、C1-C4アルコキシ、又はC1-C4アルキルで置換されており;
R5は、C1-C4アルキルであり;
R6は、HまたはC1-C4アルキルであり;
R7は、H、C1-C4アルキル、またはアリールであり;
R7は、任意にハロゲンまたは−OHで置換されている。)
【0010】
ある好ましい実施態様においては、R1−R4は、独立に、H、ハロゲン、またはC1-C4アルキルである。より好ましくは、R1−R4は、独立に、H、Cl、または-CH3である。
【0011】
他の好ましい実施態様では、R5は、-CH3または−CH2CH3である。
他の好ましい実施態様では、R6は、Hまたは−CH2CH2CH3である。
【0012】
また、他の好ましい実施態様では、R7は、H、−CH2CH3、またはアリールである。より好ましくは、R7は2−OH-フェニルである。
【0013】
また、他の好ましい実施態様では、化合物は、以下に示される化合物またはその塩、またはその混合物を含む。
【0014】
【化4】
【0015】
本発明の組成物は、少なくとも1つの活性剤、好ましくは生物学的または化学的活性剤と、上記好ましい全ての特別な実施態様および化合物1−3を含む、上記化合物Aの構造の、少なくとも1つの化合物またはその塩を含む。このような組成物の調製方法および投与方法も提供する。
【0016】
本発明はまた、該組成物を含む投与単位形態を提供する。投与単位は、液体または固体、たとえば錠剤、カプセル、または、粉末またはサシェ(sachet)を含む粒子の形態であってもよい。
【0017】
他の実施態様は、上記式のデリバリー剤化合物の少なくとも1つと活性剤とを含む組成物を動物に投与することによる、活性剤を該活性剤を必要とする動物に投与する方法である。好ましい投与ルートは、経口、結腸内、および肺ルートである。
また、他の実施態様は、本発明の組成物を投与することによる、動物における所望の生理学的効果を達成するためのまたは疾患を治療するための方法である。
また、他の実施態様は、少なくとも1つの上記式の活性剤化合物と、少なくとも1つの活性剤を混合物することによる、本発明の組成物の調製方法である。
【0018】
【発明の実施の形態】
デリバリー剤化合物
ここで使用する「アルキル」及び「アルケニル」なる用語は、直鎖及び分枝アルキル及びアルケニル置換基をそれぞれ含む。
各デリバリー剤化合物は、フリー形態又はその塩の形態であってもよい。適当な塩は、これらに限定されるわけではないが、有機及び無機塩、たとえば、アルカリ金属塩、たとえばナトリウム、カリウム、及びリチウム;アルカリ土類金属塩、たとえばマグネシウム、カルシウム、又はバリウム;アンモニウム塩;塩基アミノ酸、たとえばリジンまたはアルギニン;及び有機アミン、たとえばジメチルアミン又はピリジンである。好ましくは該塩は、ナトリウム塩である。該塩は、モノまたは多価塩、たとえば一ナトリウム塩および二ナトリウム塩であってもよい。該塩はまた、水和物、及びエタノールソルベートを含むソルベートであってもよい。
【0019】
本発明のデリバリー剤化合物の塩は、当該技術に公知の方法により調製可能である。たとえば、ナトリウム塩は、活性剤化合物をエタノールに溶解し、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を添加することにより調製可能である。
【0020】
本発明のデリバリー剤化合物は、以下のように調製可能である。乾燥トルエン(濃度:0.5モル/L)中の、適当なアミン(1当量)、適当なカルボン酸(1.03当量)、ホウ酸(0.05当量)、及び2−アミノ−5−メチルピリジン(0.05当量)の懸濁液を、窒素下、反応中に生じた水をディーンスタークユニットに共沸蒸留により除去しながら、4時間加熱還流(約110℃)する。シリカゲル上の薄層クロマトグラフィー(溶出液:酢酸エチル/ヘキサン:1/1)が反応終了を示す。反応を室温まで冷却し、生成物を標準実験方法に従って単離する。
【0021】
デリバリー剤化合物は、再結晶によって、または単独又は縦列に結合した、1以上の固体クロマトグラフサポート上での分離によって精製可能である。適当な再結晶溶媒系は、エタノール、水、ヘプタン、酢酸エチル、アセトニトリル、メタノール、およびテトラヒドロフラン、並びにこれらの混合物であるが、これらに限定されるわけではない。精製分離は、移動相としてメタノール/n−プロパノール混合物を用いて、アルミナなどの適当なクロマトグラフサポート上で;移動相としてトリフルオロ酢酸/アセトニトリル混合物を用いて逆相クロマトグラフ上で;および、移動相として水または適当なバッファーを用いてイオン交換クロマトグラフィで行ってもよい。アニオン交換クロマトグラフィが行われる場合には、好ましくは0-500mM塩化ナトリウム勾配が用いられる。
デリバリー剤は、
【0022】
【化5】
【0023】
及び炭素−炭素結合からなる群から選択される結合基によりデリバリー剤と結合するポリマーを含有可能である。ただし、ポリマー性デリバリー剤はポリペプチドまたはポリアミノ酸ではない。ポリマーは、これらに限定されるわけではないが、動物に使用するのに安全である、交互コポリマー、ブロックコポリマー、及びランダムコポリマーを含む、いかなるポリマーであってもよい。好ましいポリマーは、これらに限定されるわけではないが、ポリエチレン;ポリアクリレート;ポリメタクリレート;ポリ(オキシエチレン);ポリ(プロピレン);ポリプロピレングリコール;ポリエチレングリコール(PEG);及びこれらの誘導体、及びこれらの組み合わせを含む。ポリマーの分子量は典型的には、約100から約200,000ダルトンまでの範囲である。ポリマーの分子量は好ましくは約200から約10,000ダルトンまでの範囲である。ある実施態様では、ポリマーの分子量は約200から約600ダルトンまで、より好ましくは約300から約550ダルトンまでの範囲である。
【0024】
活性剤
本発明において使用に適した活性剤は、生物学的活性剤、および化学的活性剤、たとえば、これらに限定されるわけではないが、殺虫剤、薬理学剤、及び治療剤を含む。適した活性剤は、酵素および酸加水分解等によって胃腸管中で、より効果的でなくなる、効果的でない、又は破壊されるものを含む。また、適した活性剤としては、物理化学的特徴、たとえばサイズ、構造、または電荷が、経口投与した場合に吸収を阻止または抵抗する、これらの高分子剤も含む。
【0025】
たとえば、本発明において使用に適した生物学的または化学的活性剤は、これらに限定されるわけではないが、タンパク質;ポリペプチド;ペプチド;ホルモン;多糖、特にムコ多糖の混合物;炭水化物;脂質;小極性有機分子(すなわち、500ダルトン以下の分子量を有する極性有機分子);他の有機化合物;及び、特にそれ自体、胃腸管膜を通過しない(または、投与量のフラクションのみしか通過しない)、および/または、胃腸管中の酵素および酸によって化学開裂を受けやすい化合物;またはこれらの組み合わせを含む。
【0026】
さらなる例としては、これらに限定されるわけではないが、以下の、合成、天然、または組換え由来のものが挙げられる。ヒト成長ホルモン(hGH)、組換えヒト成長ホルモン(rhGH)、ウシ成長ホルモン、及びブタ成長ホルモンを含む、成長ホルモン;成長ホルモン放出ホルモン;成長ホルモン放出ファクタ、α−、β−、およびγ−インターフェロンを含む、インターフェロン;インターロイキン−1;インターロイキン−2;亜鉛、ナトリウム、カルシウム、及びアンモニウムを含むカウンターイオンを任意に有する、ブタインスリン、ウシインスリン、ヒトインスリン、ヒト組換えインスリンを含むインスリン;IGF-1を含む、インスリン様成長ファクタ;未分割ヘパリン、ヘパリノイド、デルマタン、コンドロイチン、低分子量ヘパリン、非常に低い分子量のヘパリン、超低分子量ヘパリンを含む、ヘパリン;サケ、ウナギ、ブタ、ヒトカルシトニンを含む、カルシトニン;エリスロポイエチン;心房性ナチュレティック(naturetic)ファクタ;抗原;モノクローナル抗体;ソマトスタチン;プロテアーゼインヒビタ;アドレノコルチコトロピン、ゴナドトロピン放出ホルモン;オキシトシン;ロイチナイジング(leutinizing)ホルモン放出ホルモン;小胞刺激ホルモン;グルコセレブロシダーゼ;トロンボポイエチン;フィルグラスチム;プロスタグランジン;シクロスポリン;バソプレシン;クロモリンナトリウム(クロモグリシン酸ナトリウムまたはクロモグリシン酸二ナトリウム);バンコマイシン;デスフェリオキサミン(DFO);アレンドロネート、チリュドロネート、エチドロネート、クロドロネート、パミドロネート、オルパドロネート、及びインカドロネートを含む、ビスホスホネート;そのフラグメントを含む、副甲状腺ホルモン(PTH);抗生物質、抗真菌剤、及び抗菌剤(anti-fungal agents)を含む抗菌剤(antimicrobials);ビタミン;これらの化合物の類似体、フラグメント、模倣物、及びポリエチレングリコール(PEG)変性誘導体;及びこれらの組み合わせ。抗生物質の例は、限定的ではないが、グラム陽性性、殺菌性、リポペプチドおよびシクロペプチド抗生物質、たとえば、ダプトマイシン及びその類似体等を含む。
【0027】
デリバリーシステム
本発明の組成物は、1以上の、本発明のデリバリー剤化合物、および、1以上の活性剤を含有する。ある実施態様においては、1以上のデリバリー剤化合物またはこれらの化合物の塩、またはこれらの化合物または塩がその1以上の単位を形成するポリアミノ酸またはペプチドを、投与組成物を形成するために投与前に、活性剤と混合することによって、デリバリー剤として使用可能である。
【0028】
投与組成物は液体形態であってもよい。溶液媒体は、水(たとえば、サケカルシトニン、副甲状腺ホルモン、及びエリスロポイエチン用)、25%プロピレングリコール水溶液(たとえばヘパリン用)、及びホスフェート緩衝液(たとえばrhGH用)であってもよい。他の投与ビヒクルは、ポリエチレングリコールを含む。投与溶液は、デリバリー剤化合物の溶液を活性剤の溶液と、投与直前に混合することにより調製可能である。または、デリバリー剤化合物(または活性剤)の溶液を、固体形態の活性剤(またはデリバリー剤化合物)と、混合しても良い。デリバリー剤化合物および活性剤はまた、乾燥粉末として混合されてもよい。デリバリー剤化合物および活性剤はまた、製造工程中に混合されてもよい。
投与溶液は、任意に、リン酸緩衝塩、クエン酸、グリコール、または他の分散剤等の添加剤を含有可能である。安定化添加物を、好ましくは、約0.1から20%(W/V)の範囲の濃度で、該溶液に添加してもよい。
【0029】
投与組成物は、または、固体形態、たとえば、錠剤、カプセル、または、粉末またはサシャ等の粒子であってもよい。固体投与形態は、デリバリー剤化合物の固体形態を活性剤の固体形態と混合することにより調製可能である。または、固体は、デリバリー剤化合物と活性剤の溶液から、当該技術に公知の方法で、たとえば、フリーズドライ(凍結乾燥)、沈殿、結晶化、及び固体分散等により得ても良い。
本発明の投与組成物はまた、1以上の酵素インヒビタを含有可能である。このような酵素インヒビタは、アクチノニン(actinonin)またはエピアクチノニン(epiactinonin)およびこれらの誘導体等の化合物であるが、これらに限定されるわけではない。他の酵素インヒビタは、アプロチニン(トラシロール:Trasylol)及びバウマン−バーク(Bowman-Birk)インヒビタであるが、これらに限定されるわけではない。
【0030】
本発明の投与組成物中に使用される活性剤の量は、ターゲット指標に対してその活性剤の目的を達成するのに有効な量である。組成物中の活性剤の量は、典型的には、薬理学的、生物学的、治療的、または化学的有効量である。しかしながら、該量は、投与単位形態が多数のデリバリー剤化合物/活性剤組成物を含有可能であり、または、薬理学的、生物学的、治療的、または化学的有効量を分割して含有可能であるので、組成物が投与単位形態で使用される場合には、有効量よりも少ない可能性がある。全有効量はしたがって、全体として、活性剤の有効量を含有する累積単位として投与可能である。
【0031】
使用されるべき活性剤の全量は、当業者に公知の方法により定めることができる。しかしながら、本発明の組成物は、活性剤を、活性剤単独で含有する組成物よりもより有効にデリバリーすることができるので、同等の血液レベル及び/または治療効果を達成しつつ、従来の投与単位形態またはデリバリーシステムよりも少ない量の生物学的または化学的活性剤を被検者に投与可能である。
【0032】
本発明に記載したデリバリー剤化合物は、特に、経口、鼻腔内、舌下、十二指腸内、皮下、頬、結腸内、直腸、膣、粘膜、肺、経皮、皮膚内、非経口、静脈内、筋肉内、及び眼系で、生物学的および化学的活性剤のデリバリーを促進し、並びに、血液−脳バリアの横断を促進する。
投与単位形態はまた、付形剤、希釈剤、崩壊剤、潤滑剤、可塑剤、着色剤、香料、テイストマスキング剤、糖、甘味剤、塩、及び投与ビヒクル、たとえば、これらに限定されるわけではないが、水、1,2−プロパンジオール、エタノール、オリーブオイル、または任意のこれらの組み合わせを、単独で、または組み合わせて含有可能である。
【0033】
本発明の化合物及び組成物は、生物学的または化学的活性剤を種々の動物、たとえば、これらに限定されるわけではないが、ニワトリ等の鳥;哺乳類、たとえばげっし動物、ウシ、ブタ、イヌ、ネコ、霊長目の動物、特にヒト;及びムシに投与するのに有用である。
このシステムは特に、化学的または生物学的活性剤を、活性剤が投与される動物の体内で、及び活性剤がそのターゲットゾーン(すなわちデリバリー組成物の活性剤が放出されるべき場所)に到達する前の条件によって、破壊されたり効果が少なくなる化学的または生物学的活性剤をデリバリーするのに優位である。特に、本発明の化合物および組成物は、通常経口デリバリーが不可能である活性剤、または、より改善されたデリバリーが望まれる活性剤を経口投与するのに有用である。
【0034】
該化合物及び活性剤を含む組成物は、デリバリー剤なしでの活性剤投与の場合と比較すると、活性剤のバイオアベイラビリティーを増加または改善するのに有用性を有し、及び、活性剤を、選択した生物学的システムにデリバリーするのに有用性を有する。デリバリーは、ある時間に渡って、より活性剤をデリバリーすることにより、または、特別な時間中に(たとえばより早いまたは遅いデリバリーに有効なように)活性剤をデリバリーすることにより、または、特定な時間で、または経時的に(たとえば維持したデリバリー)活性剤をデリバリーすることにより、改善可能である。
【0035】
本発明の他の実施態様は、本発明の組成物を投与することによる、動物における所望の生理学的効果、たとえば以下の表にあげたような、効果を達成するための、または、疾患の治療または予防するための方法である。活性剤の特定指標は、文献:Physicians’ Desk Reference (54th Ed., 2000, Medical Economics Company, Inc., Montvale, NJ)に記載されており、該文献はここに参照して組み入れられるものである。以下の表中の活性剤は、これらの類似体、フラグメント、模擬物、及びポリエチレングリコール変性誘導体を含む。
【0036】
【表1】
【0037】
たとえば、本発明のある実施態様は、インスリンと少なくとも1つの本発明のデリバリー剤化合物を投与することにより、糖尿病に苦しむ、または糖尿病になりやすい患者を治療する方法である。
投与後、組成物または投与単位形態に存在する活性剤は、血行に取りこまれる。活性剤のバイオアベイラビリティーは、血液中の公知の薬理活性を測定することにより、たとえば、ヘパリンによって引き起こされた血液凝固時間の増加や、カルシトニンによって引き起こされた血中のカルシウムレベルの減少を測定することにより、容易に評価することができる。または、活性剤自体の血中レベルは、直接測定可能である。
【0038】
【好ましい実施態様の記載】
以下の実施例は、本発明を例解するものであるが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。特記しない限り、全ての部は、重量基準である。
以下にリストした化合物のプロトン核磁気共鳴(1H NMR)分析は、特記しない限り、溶媒としてジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO-d6)を用いて、300MHzブルッカー(Bruker)スペクトル測定器で行った。
【0039】
実施例1−化合物調製
化合物1の調製
化合物1(N-(5-クロロ-2-ヒドロキシフェニル)-2-(2-ヒドロキシフェノキシ)アセタミド)の調製
60mLの乾燥トルエン中の、2-アミノ-4-クロロフェノール(4.31g、30mmol)、2-(2-ヒドロキシフェノキシ)酢酸(5.15g、30.60mmol)、ホウ酸(0.186g、3mmol)、および2-アミノ-5-メチルピリジン(0.326g、3mmol)の懸濁液を、反応中に生成した水(0.6mL)をディーンスターク分離ユニットで共沸蒸留にて除去しながら、16時間、窒素気流下、加熱還流(110℃)した。シリカゲルの薄層クロマトグラフィー(溶出液:酢酸エチル/ヘプタン:1/1)で、反応が完了したことを確認した。反応混合物を約室温まで冷却し、500mLのヘキサンに注いだ。このスラリーを約60分間撹拌した。得られた固体を濾過し、ヘキサンで洗浄し、真空乾燥した。固体を100mlのヘキサンおよび酢酸エチル(90/10:v/v)の混合物で粉砕(trituration)し、混合物を濾過して真空乾燥すると、所望の生成物(7.92g、90%)が、オフホワイトの固体として得られた。HPLC(カラム:Higgins Kromasil 100 C18、水/アセトニトリル/酢酸:950/50/1、3mL/分、220nm)、保持時間(Rt)5.31分。融点=203-205℃。
【0040】
【数1】
【0041】
化合物2(N-(5-クロロ-2-ヒドロキシフェニル)-3-エトキシプロパンアミド)の調製
70mLの乾燥トルエン中の、2-アミノ-4-クロロフェノール(5.02g、35mmol)、3-エトキシプロパン酸(4.22g、35.7mmol)、ホウ酸(0.108g、1.75mmol)、および2-アミノ-5-メチルピリジン(0.189g、1.75mmol)の懸濁液を、反応中に生成した水(0.65mL)をディーンスターク分離ユニットで共沸蒸留にて除去しながら、6時間、窒素気流下、加熱還流(110℃)した。シリカゲルの薄層クロマトグラフィー(溶出液:酢酸エチル/ヘプタン:1/1)で、反応が完了したことを確認した。反応を約室温まで冷却し、500mLのヘキサンに注いだ。このスラリーを約60分間撹拌した。得られた固体を濾過し、ヘキサンで洗浄し、真空乾燥した。固体を100mlのヘキサンおよび酢酸エチル(90/10:v/v)の混合物で粉砕(trituration)し、混合物を濾過して真空乾燥すると、所望の生成物(7.79g、91%)が、オフホワイトの固体として得られた。HPLC(カラム:Higgins Kromasil 100 C18、水/アセトニトリル/酢酸:950/50/1、3mL/分、220nm)、保持時間(Rt)4.44分。融点=154-156℃。
【0042】
【数2】
【0043】
化合物3(N-(3,5-ジクロロ-2-ヒドロキシ-4-メチルフェニル)-2-ヒドロキシ−ペンタンアミド)の調製
化合物3は、6-アミノ-2,4-ジクロロ-3-メチルフェノールおよび2-ヒドロキシペンタン酸を出発原料として用いた以外は、化合物2の調製と同様の方法により調製した。HPLC(カラム:Higgins Kromasil 100 C18、水/アセトニトリル/酢酸:950/50/1、3mL/分、220nm)、保持時間(Rt)5.13分。
【0044】
【数3】
【0045】
実施例2
サケカルシトニン(sCT)経口デリバリー
水中の、デリバリー剤化合物およびサケカルシトニン(sCT)の経口投与(PO)組成物を調製した。典型的には、450mgの化合物を2.0mLの水中に添加した。化合物のナトリウム塩を用いるか、もしくは、遊離酸を、得られた溶液を撹拌し、1当量の水酸化ナトリウム(1.0N)を添加し、水で希釈することによりナトリウム塩に変換した。該溶液を激しく撹拌し、次いで加熱(約37℃)して、音波処理した。pHをNaOHまたはHClで約7(6.5から8.5)に調節した。株溶液からの90μgのsCTを該溶液に添加した。水を次いで添加し、全容量を約3.0mL(デリバリー剤化合物の溶解度によって変わる)にした。最終デリバリー剤化合物投与量、sCT投与量、および容量投与量を以下の表1に挙げる。
【0046】
典型的な投与およびサンプリングプロトコールは以下のようである。200-250gの体重のオスのスプラグ−ダウレイ(Sprague−Dawley)ラットを24時間断食させ、ケタミン(44mg/kg)およびクロルプロマジン(1.5mg/kg)を投与の15分前に投与した。5匹のラットの1投与グループに、投与溶液の1つを投与した。経口投与用に、11cmラッシュ(Rusch)8フレンチカテーテルを、ピペット先端を有する1mLシリンジにつけた。該シリンジに、カテーテルを通して該溶液を引き入れることにより投与溶液で満たし、次いで、カテーテルを拭いて乾燥した。カテーテルをラットの切歯を通り越して1cm残して、食道に入れた。溶液をシリンジプラグを押すことによって投与した。
【0047】
血液サンプルを、典型的には0、10、20、30、60、および90分で、尾の動脈から連続採取した。シーラムsCTを、EIAキット(Peninsula Laboratories, Inc., San Carlos, CAからの“Kit #EIAS-6003”)を用いて、標準プロトコールを以下のように変えてテストすることにより決定した。すなわち、暗所で振とうしながら、2時間、50μlのペプチド抗体を用いてインキュベートし、プレートを洗浄し、シーラムおよびビオチン化したペプチドを添加し、4mLのバッファーで希釈し、暗所で一昼夜、振とうした。時間=0で得られたベースライン値にしたがって、数を調節した。各投与グループにおけて5匹のラットから得られた結果を各時間点で平均した。最大値を以下の表1に報告する。
【0048】
【表2】
【0049】
組換えヒト成長ホルモン(rhGH)経口デリバリー
ホスフェートバッファ中の、デリバリー剤化合物およびrhGHの経口胃腸管(PO)および/または結腸内(IC)投与溶液を調製した。該化合物の溶液は、化合物のナトリウム塩を用いるか、もしくは、遊離酸をそのナトリウム塩に変換することによって調製した。典型的には、化合物溶液は、ナトリウム塩を調製する場合には1当量の水酸化ナトリウム(1.0N)を添加して、ホスフェートバッファ中で調製し、撹拌した。最終投与溶液は、該化合物をrhGH株溶液(粉末としての15mgのrhGH、75mgのD-マンニトール、15mgのグリシン、および3.39mgの二塩基燐酸ナトリウムを混合し、次いで2%グリセロールで希釈して得た、15mg rhGH/ml)と混合し、所望の容量(通常は3.0ml)に希釈することにより調製した。化合物およびrhGH投与量を以下の表3に挙げる。
【0050】
典型的な投与およびサンプリングプロトコールは以下のようである。200-250gの体重のオスのスプラグ−ダウレイ(Sprague−Dawley)ラットを24時間断食させ、ケタミン(44mg/kg)およびクロルプロマジン(1.5mg/kg)を投与の15分前に投与した。5匹のラットの1投与グループに、投与溶液の1つを投与した。経口胃腸管(PO)投与用に、11cmラッシュ(Rusch)8フレンチカテーテルを、ピペット先端を有する1mLシリンジにつけた。該シリンジに、カテーテルを通して該溶液を吸い込むことにより投与溶液で満たし、次いで、カテーテルを拭いて乾燥した。カテーテルをラットの切歯を通り越して1cm残して、食道に入れた。溶液をシリンジプラグを押すことによって投与した。結腸内(IC)投与用には、7.5cmラッシュ(Rusch)カテーテル(フレンチ8または6)を、エッペンドルフピペット先端を有するシリンジにつけた。シリンジをカテーテルチューブを経由して該溶液を引き入れることにより投与溶液で満たした。該投与カテーテルを拭いて乾燥した。K-Yゼリーを、チューブの穴(eye)との接触を避ける先端につけ、チューブが見えなくなるまで肛門から結腸に挿入した。溶液をシリンジのプラグを押すことにより注入し、チューブを抜いた。
【0051】
血液サンプルを、典型的には、経口投与では、時間=0、15、30、45、60、および90分で、および、IC投与では、0、10、20、30、60および90分で、尾の動脈から連続採取した。各時間から5サンプルをプールした。シーラムrhGH濃度は、rhGH免疫アッセイテストキット(Kit #K1F4015、Genzyme Corporation Inc., Cambridge, MAから入手)によって定量した。以前の研究より、約ゼロのベースライン値が示された。
各グループの最大濃度を、以下の表3に報告する。
【0052】
【表3】
【0053】
上記特許、出願、試験方法、および文献は、その全てがここに参照して組み入れられる。
本発明の多くの変換は、上記詳細な説明を考慮すれば、当業者には示唆されるものであろう。これら全ての明白な変換は、本願クレームの範囲内のものである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a compound for delivering an active agent, for example a biologically or chemically active agent, to a target. These compounds are very suitable for forming non-covalent mixtures with active agents for oral, enteral, pulmonary, and other route administration to animals. Methods for preparing and administering such compositions are also disclosed.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventional active agent delivery means are often severely limited by biological, chemical, and physical barriers. Typically, these barriers are placed in the environment in which delivery occurs, the environment of the delivery target, and / or the target itself. Biological and chemically active agents are particularly susceptible to such barriers.
In the delivery of biologically or chemically active agents and therapeutic agents to animals, the barrier is placed on the body. Examples of physical barriers are various organ membranes, such as the circulatory system, which are relatively impermeable to skin, lipid bilayers, and certain active agents, but must cross before reaching the target It is. Chemical barriers include, but are not limited to, pH changes in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and enzyme degradation.
[0003]
These barriers are particularly important for the design of oral delivery systems. Oral delivery of many biologically or chemically active agents is the route of choice for administration to animals without biological, chemical, and physical barriers. Among the many drugs that are not typically suitable for oral administration, to name a few biologically or chemically active peptides such as calcitonin and insulin; polysaccharides, in particular mucopolysaccharides, such as, but not limited to These include, but are not limited to: heparin; heparinoids; antibiotics; and other organic substances. These drugs quickly become ineffective or are destroyed in the gastrointestinal tract by acid hydrolysis, enzymes, and the like. In addition, the size and structure of the polymeric drug may prevent absorption.
[0004]
Conventional methods of orally administering drugs that are susceptible to destruction involve the addition of additives (eg, resorcinol and nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene oleyl ether and n-) to artificially increase intestinal wall permeability. Co-administration with hexadecyl polyethylene ether) and enzyme inhibitors (eg pancreatic trypsin inhibitor, diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFF) and trasilol) to avoid enzyme degradation. Liposomes have also been described as drug delivery systems for insulin and heparin. However, the widespread use of such drug delivery systems has been hampered for the following reasons: (1) the system uses toxic amounts of additives or inhibitors; (2) suitable low molecular weight cargo That is, the active agent is not available; (3) the system is poorly stable and the shelf life is not suitable; (4) the system is difficult to manufacture; (5) to protect the active agent (cargo) (6) the system reverses the active agent; and (7) there is no system to allow or facilitate the absorption of the active agent.
[0005]
Proteinoid microspheres have been used to deliver drugs. See, for example, US Pat. Nos. 5,401,516; 5,443,841; and Re.35,862. In addition, certain modified amino acids are used for drug delivery. See, for example, US Pat. Nos. 5,629,020; 5,643,957; 5,766,633; 5,776,888; and 5,866,536.
More recently, polymers have been conjugated to their derivatives via modified amino acids or linking groups to provide for polymeric delivery agents. The modified polymer may be any polymer, but preferred polymers are polyethylene glycol (PEG) and derivatives thereof, but are not limited thereto. See, for example, International Application No. WO 00/40203.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, there remains a need for a simple and inexpensive delivery system that can deliver a wide range of active agents by various routes and is easily prepared.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention provides compounds and compositions that facilitate the delivery of active agents. Delivery agent compounds according to the present invention include those having the following formula or salts thereof.
[0008]
[Chemical 3]
[0009]
(Where R 1 −R Four Are independently H, -OH, halogen, C 1 -C Four Alkoxy, C 1 -C Four Alkyl, C 2 -C Four Alkenyl, C 2 -C Four Alkynyl or aryl;
R 1 −R Four Is optionally halogen, -OH, C 1 -C Four Alkoxy or C 1 -C Four Substituted with alkyl;
R Five C 1 -C Four Is alkyl;
R 6 H or C 1 -C Four Is alkyl;
R 7 H, C 1 -C Four Alkyl or aryl;
R 7 Is optionally substituted with halogen or -OH. )
[0010]
In certain preferred embodiments, R 1 −R Four Is independently H, halogen, or C 1 -C Four Alkyl. More preferably, R 1 −R Four Is independently H, Cl, or -CH. Three It is.
[0011]
In another preferred embodiment, R Five -CH Three Or -CH 2 CH Three It is.
In another preferred embodiment, R 6 Is H or -CH 2 CH 2 CH Three It is.
[0012]
In another preferred embodiment, R 7 H, -CH 2 CH Three Or aryl. More preferably, R 7 Is 2-OH-phenyl.
[0013]
In another preferred embodiment, the compound includes a compound shown below or a salt thereof, or a mixture thereof.
[0014]
[Formula 4]
[0015]
The composition of the present invention comprises at least one active agent, preferably a biological or chemical active agent, and at least one of the structures of compound A above, including all of the preferred special embodiments and compounds 1-3. One compound or a salt thereof. Methods for preparing and administering such compositions are also provided.
[0016]
The present invention also provides a dosage unit form comprising the composition. The dosage unit may be in the form of a liquid or solid, such as a tablet, capsule, or particle including powder or sachet.
[0017]
Another embodiment is a method of administering an active agent to an animal in need of the active agent by administering to the animal a composition comprising at least one delivery agent compound of the above formula and the active agent. Preferred routes of administration are oral, intracolonic and pulmonary routes.
Yet another embodiment is a method for achieving a desired physiological effect or treating a disease in an animal by administering a composition of the present invention.
Another embodiment is a process for preparing a composition of the invention by mixing at least one active agent compound of the above formula and at least one active agent.
[0018]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Delivery agent compound
The terms “alkyl” and “alkenyl” as used herein include straight and branched alkyl and alkenyl substituents, respectively.
Each delivery agent compound may be in a free form or a salt form thereof. Suitable salts include, but are not limited to, organic and inorganic salts, such as alkali metal salts such as sodium, potassium, and lithium; alkaline earth metal salts such as magnesium, calcium, or barium; ammonium salts Basic amino acids such as lysine or arginine; and organic amines such as dimethylamine or pyridine. Preferably the salt is a sodium salt. The salt may be a mono- or polyvalent salt, such as the monosodium salt and the disodium salt. The salt may also be a hydrate and a sorbate including ethanol sorbate.
[0019]
The salts of the delivery agent compounds of the present invention can be prepared by methods known in the art. For example, the sodium salt can be prepared by dissolving the activator compound in ethanol and adding an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution.
[0020]
The delivery agent compound of the present invention can be prepared as follows. Appropriate amine (1 equivalent), appropriate carboxylic acid (1.03 equivalent), boric acid (0.05 equivalent), and 2-amino-5-methylpyridine (0.05 equivalent) in dry toluene (concentration: 0.5 mol / L) The suspension of is heated to reflux (about 110 ° C.) for 4 hours under nitrogen while removing the water produced during the reaction by azeotropic distillation into a Dean-Stark unit. Thin layer chromatography on silica gel (eluent: ethyl acetate / hexane: 1/1) indicates the end of the reaction. The reaction is cooled to room temperature and the product is isolated according to standard laboratory methods.
[0021]
Delivery agent compounds can be purified by recrystallization or by separation on one or more solid chromatographic supports, alone or in tandem. Suitable recrystallization solvent systems are, but are not limited to, ethanol, water, heptane, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, methanol, and tetrahydrofuran, and mixtures thereof. Purification separation is performed on a suitable chromatographic support such as alumina using a methanol / n-propanol mixture as the mobile phase; on a reverse phase chromatograph using a trifluoroacetic acid / acetonitrile mixture as the mobile phase; It may be carried out by ion exchange chromatography using water or a suitable buffer as a phase. When anion exchange chromatography is performed, a 0-500 mM sodium chloride gradient is preferably used.
Delivery agent
[0022]
[Chemical formula 5]
[0023]
And a polymer that binds to the delivery agent by a linking group selected from the group consisting of carbon-carbon bonds. However, the polymeric delivery agent is not a polypeptide or polyamino acid. The polymer can be any polymer, including but not limited to alternating copolymers, block copolymers, and random copolymers that are safe for use in animals. Preferred polymers include, but are not limited to, polyethylene; polyacrylate; polymethacrylate; poly (oxyethylene); poly (propylene); polypropylene glycol; polyethylene glycol (PEG); and derivatives thereof, and Includes combinations. The molecular weight of the polymer typically ranges from about 100 to about 200,000 daltons. The molecular weight of the polymer preferably ranges from about 200 to about 10,000 daltons. In some embodiments, the molecular weight of the polymer ranges from about 200 to about 600 daltons, more preferably from about 300 to about 550 daltons.
[0024]
Activator
Active agents suitable for use in the present invention include biologically active agents and chemically active agents such as, but not limited to, insecticides, pharmacological agents, and therapeutic agents. Suitable active agents include those that become less effective, less effective or destroyed in the gastrointestinal tract, such as by enzyme and acid hydrolysis. Suitable active agents also include those polymeric agents whose physicochemical characteristics, such as size, structure, or charge, prevent or resist absorption when administered orally.
[0025]
For example, biological or chemically active agents suitable for use in the present invention include, but are not limited to, proteins; polypeptides; peptides; hormones; polysaccharides, especially mixtures of mucopolysaccharides; carbohydrates; lipids; Small polar organic molecules (ie, polar organic molecules having a molecular weight of 500 Daltons or less); other organic compounds; and, in particular, do not pass through the gastrointestinal tract membrane (or pass through only a fraction of the dose), and And / or compounds susceptible to chemical cleavage by enzymes and acids in the gastrointestinal tract; or combinations thereof.
[0026]
Further examples include, but are not limited to, those of the following synthetic, natural, or recombinant origin. Growth hormone, including human growth hormone (hGH), recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH), bovine growth hormone, and porcine growth hormone; growth hormone releasing hormone; growth hormone releasing factor, α-, β-, and γ-interferon Interferon; interleukin-1; interleukin-2; insulin containing porcine insulin, bovine insulin, human insulin, human recombinant insulin, optionally having counter ions including zinc, sodium, calcium, and ammonium; IGF Insulin-like growth factors including -1, including unfractionated heparin, heparinoids, dermatan, chondroitin, low molecular weight heparin, very low molecular weight heparin, very low molecular weight heparin, heparin; including salmon, eel, pig, human calcitonin , Erythropoietin; atrial naturetic factor; antigen; monoclonal antibody; somatostatin; protease inhibitor; adrenocorticotropin, gonadotropin-releasing hormone; oxytocin; leutinizing hormone-releasing hormone; Glucocerebrosidase; thrombopoietin; filgrastim; prostaglandin; cyclosporine; vasopressin; cromolyn sodium (sodium cromoglycate or disodium cromoglycinate); vancomycin; desferrioxamine (DFO); alendronate, Bisphosphonates including thyludronate, etidronate, clodronate, pamidronate, olpadronate, and incadronate; Parathyroid hormone (PTH), including fragments of the following: antimicrobials, including antibiotics, antifungal agents, and anti-fungal agents; vitamins; analogs, fragments, mimetics of these compounds, And polyethylene glycol (PEG) modified derivatives; and combinations thereof. Examples of antibiotics include, but are not limited to, Gram positive, bactericidal, lipopeptide and cyclopeptide antibiotics such as daptomycin and analogs thereof.
[0027]
Delivery system
The composition of the present invention contains one or more delivery agent compounds of the present invention and one or more active agents. In certain embodiments, one or more delivery agent compounds or salts of these compounds, or a polyamino acid or peptide in which these compounds or salts form one or more units thereof, are administered prior to administration to form an administration composition. In addition, it can be used as a delivery agent by mixing with an active agent.
[0028]
The administration composition may be in liquid form. The solution medium may be water (eg, for salmon calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, and erythropoietin), 25% aqueous propylene glycol (eg, for heparin), and phosphate buffer (eg, for rhGH). Other administration vehicles include polyethylene glycol. The dosing solution can be prepared by mixing the solution of the delivery agent compound with the solution of the active agent just prior to administration. Alternatively, a solution of the delivery agent compound (or active agent) may be mixed with the solid form of the active agent (or delivery agent compound). The delivery agent compound and the active agent may also be mixed as a dry powder. The delivery agent compound and the active agent may also be mixed during the manufacturing process.
The dosing solution can optionally contain additives such as phosphate buffer salts, citric acid, glycols, or other dispersing agents. Stabilizing additives may be added to the solution, preferably at a concentration in the range of about 0.1 to 20% (W / V).
[0029]
The administration composition may also be in solid form, for example tablets, capsules or particles such as powder or sascha. Solid dosage forms can be prepared by mixing the solid form of the delivery agent compound with the solid form of the active agent. Alternatively, the solid may be obtained from a solution of the delivery agent compound and the active agent by methods known in the art, such as freeze drying (freeze drying), precipitation, crystallization, and solid dispersion.
The administration composition of the present invention may also contain one or more enzyme inhibitors. Such enzyme inhibitors are compounds such as, but not limited to, actinonin or epiactinonin and derivatives thereof. Other enzyme inhibitors are, but not limited to, aprotinin (Trasylol) and Bowman-Birk inhibitors.
[0030]
The amount of active agent used in the dosage composition of the present invention is an amount effective to achieve the purpose of the active agent relative to the target indicator. The amount of active agent in the composition is typically a pharmacological, biological, therapeutic, or chemically effective amount. However, the amount can contain multiple delivery agent compounds / active agent compositions in a dosage unit form, or can contain divided pharmacological, biological, therapeutic, or chemically effective amounts. As such, when the composition is used in dosage unit form, it may be less than the effective amount. The total effective amount can thus be administered as a cumulative unit containing an effective amount of the active agent as a whole.
[0031]
The total amount of active agent to be used can be determined by methods known to those skilled in the art. However, the compositions of the present invention can deliver active agents more effectively than compositions containing active agents alone, so that conventional administration while achieving comparable blood levels and / or therapeutic effects. A lesser amount of biologically or chemically active agent than the unit form or delivery system can be administered to the subject.
[0032]
The delivery agent compounds described in the present invention are in particular oral, intranasal, sublingual, duodenal, subcutaneous, buccal, intracolonic, rectal, vaginal, mucosal, lung, transdermal, intradermal, parenteral, intravenous, Facilitates delivery of biologically and chemically active agents in the muscle and in the eye system, as well as facilitates crossing of the blood-brain barrier.
Dosage unit forms also include excipients, diluents, disintegrants, lubricants, plasticizers, colorants, fragrances, taste masking agents, sugars, sweeteners, salts, and administration vehicles such as, but not limited to, Although not, water, 1,2-propanediol, ethanol, olive oil, or any combination thereof can be included alone or in combination.
[0033]
The compounds and compositions of the present invention can be used to produce biologically or chemically active agents in various animals such as, but not limited to, birds such as chickens; mammals such as rodents, cows, pigs, Useful for administration to dogs, cats, primate animals, particularly humans; and worms.
This system specifically reaches the chemical or biologically active agent in the body of the animal to which the active agent is administered, and the active agent reaches its target zone (ie where the active agent of the delivery composition is to be released). Depending on the conditions prior to treatment, it is advantageous to deliver chemically or biologically active agents that are destroyed or less effective. In particular, the compounds and compositions of the present invention are useful for oral administration of active agents that are normally not orally deliverable or for which improved delivery is desired.
[0034]
The composition comprising the compound and the active agent has utility in increasing or improving the bioavailability of the active agent as compared to administering the active agent without a delivery agent, and the active agent Has utility for delivery to selected biological systems. Delivery can be by delivering more active agent over a period of time, or by delivering an active agent during a particular time (eg, to be effective for earlier or later delivery), or a specific Improvements can be made by delivering the active agent over time or over time (eg, sustained delivery).
[0035]
Another embodiment of the present invention is to achieve a desired physiological effect in an animal by administering a composition of the present invention, for example to achieve the effect as shown in the table below or to treat a disease Or a method for prevention. Specific indicators for active agents are available in the literature: Physicians' Desk Reference (54 th Ed., 2000, Medical Economics Company, Inc., Montvale, NJ), which is incorporated herein by reference. The active agents in the table below include these analogs, fragments, mimetics, and polyethylene glycol modified derivatives.
[0036]
[Table 1]
[0037]
For example, one embodiment of the invention is a method of treating a patient suffering from or susceptible to diabetes by administering insulin and at least one delivery agent compound of the invention.
After administration, the active agent present in the composition or dosage unit form is taken into the circulation. Bioavailability of an active agent measures, for example, an increase in blood clotting time caused by heparin or a decrease in blood calcium level caused by calcitonin by measuring known pharmacological activity in the blood Therefore, it can be easily evaluated. Alternatively, the blood level of the active agent itself can be measured directly.
[0038]
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The following examples illustrate the invention, but the invention is not limited thereto. Unless otherwise noted, all parts are by weight.
Proton nuclear magnetic resonance of the compounds listed below ( 1 1 H NMR analysis, unless otherwise stated, uses dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO-d 6 ) Using a 300 MHz Bruker spectrum measuring instrument.
[0039]
Example 1-Compound preparation
Preparation of Compound 1
Preparation of compound 1 (N- (5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl) -2- (2-hydroxyphenoxy) acetamide)
2-amino-4-chlorophenol (4.31 g, 30 mmol), 2- (2-hydroxyphenoxy) acetic acid (5.15 g, 30.60 mmol), boric acid (0.186 g, 3 mmol), and 2 in 60 mL of dry toluene A suspension of 2-amino-5-methylpyridine (0.326 g, 3 mmol) was removed by azeotropic distillation with a Dean-Stark separation unit while removing water (0.6 mL) produced during the reaction under a nitrogen stream for 16 hours. The mixture was heated to reflux (110 ° C.). The reaction was confirmed to be complete by thin layer chromatography on silica gel (eluent: ethyl acetate / heptane: 1/1). The reaction mixture was cooled to about room temperature and poured into 500 mL of hexane. The slurry was stirred for about 60 minutes. The resulting solid was filtered, washed with hexane and dried in vacuo. The solid is triturated with 100 ml of a mixture of hexane and ethyl acetate (90/10: v / v) and the mixture is filtered and dried in vacuo to give the desired product (7.92 g, 90%) off-white. As a solid. HPLC (column: Higgins Kromasil 100 C18, water / acetonitrile / acetic acid: 950/50/1, 3 mL / min, 220 nm), retention time (Rt) 5.31 min. Melting point = 203-205 ° C.
[0040]
[Expression 1]
[0041]
Preparation of compound 2 (N- (5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl) -3-ethoxypropanamide)
2-amino-4-chlorophenol (5.02 g, 35 mmol), 3-ethoxypropanoic acid (4.22 g, 35.7 mmol), boric acid (0.108 g, 1.75 mmol), and 2-amino- in 70 mL of dry toluene A suspension of 5-methylpyridine (0.189 g, 1.75 mmol) was heated for 6 hours under a nitrogen stream while removing water (0.65 mL) produced during the reaction by azeotropic distillation using a Dean-Stark separation unit. Refluxed (110 ° C.). The reaction was confirmed to be complete by thin layer chromatography on silica gel (eluent: ethyl acetate / heptane: 1/1). The reaction was cooled to about room temperature and poured into 500 mL of hexane. The slurry was stirred for about 60 minutes. The resulting solid was filtered, washed with hexane and dried in vacuo. The solid is triturated with a mixture of 100 ml hexane and ethyl acetate (90/10: v / v) and the mixture is filtered and dried in vacuo to give the desired product (7.79 g, 91%) off-white. As a solid. HPLC (column: Higgins Kromasil 100 C18, water / acetonitrile / acetic acid: 950/50/1, 3 mL / min, 220 nm), retention time (Rt) 4.44 min. Melting point = 154-156 ° C.
[0042]
[Expression 2]
[0043]
Preparation of compound 3 (N- (3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl) -2-hydroxy-pentanamide)
Compound 3 was prepared by a method similar to the preparation of compound 2, except that 6-amino-2,4-dichloro-3-methylphenol and 2-hydroxypentanoic acid were used as starting materials. HPLC (column: Higgins Kromasil 100 C18, water / acetonitrile / acetic acid: 950/50/1, 3 mL / min, 220 nm), retention time (Rt) 5.13 min.
[0044]
[Equation 3]
[0045]
Example 2
Salmon calcitonin (sCT) oral delivery
An oral administration (PO) composition of a delivery agent compound and salmon calcitonin (sCT) in water was prepared. Typically 450 mg of compound was added in 2.0 mL of water. The sodium salt of the compound was used or the free acid was converted to the sodium salt by stirring the resulting solution, adding 1 equivalent of sodium hydroxide (1.0 N) and diluting with water. The solution was stirred vigorously and then heated (about 37 ° C.) and sonicated. The pH was adjusted to about 7 (6.5 to 8.5) with NaOH or HCl. 90 μg sCT from the strain solution was added to the solution. Water was then added to bring the total volume to about 3.0 mL (depending on the solubility of the delivery agent compound). The final delivery agent compound dose, sCT dose, and volume dose are listed in Table 1 below.
[0046]
A typical administration and sampling protocol is as follows. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-250 g were fasted for 24 hours and ketamine (44 mg / kg) and chlorpromazine (1.5 mg / kg) were administered 15 minutes prior to dosing. One administration group of 5 rats was administered one of the administration solutions. For oral administration, an 11 cm Rusch 8 French catheter was attached to a 1 mL syringe with a pipette tip. The syringe was filled with the dosing solution by drawing the solution through the catheter, and then the catheter was wiped dry. The catheter was placed in the esophagus leaving 1 cm past the rat incisor. The solution was administered by pressing a syringe plug.
[0047]
Blood samples were taken serially from the tail artery, typically at 0, 10, 20, 30, 60, and 90 minutes. Sealam sCT was determined by testing using the EIA kit (“Kit # EIAS-6003” from Peninsula Laboratories, Inc., San Carlos, Calif.) With the following changes to the standard protocol. Incubate with 50 μl of peptide antibody for 2 hours with shaking in the dark, wash the plate, add serum and biotinylated peptide, dilute with 4 mL of buffer, overnight in the dark, Shake. The number was adjusted according to the baseline value obtained at time = 0. The results obtained from 5 rats in each treatment group were averaged at each time point. Maximum values are reported in Table 1 below.
[0048]
[Table 2]
[0049]
Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) oral delivery
Oral gastrointestinal (PO) and / or intracolonic (IC) dosing solutions of delivery agent compound and rhGH in phosphate buffer were prepared. Solutions of the compound were prepared using the sodium salt of the compound or by converting the free acid to its sodium salt. Typically, compound solutions were prepared in phosphate buffer and stirred when 1 equivalent of sodium hydroxide (1.0 N) was added when preparing the sodium salt. The final dosing solution was obtained by mixing the compound with rhGH strain solution (15 mg rhGH as powder, 75 mg D-mannitol, 15 mg glycine, and 3.39 mg dibasic sodium phosphate, then diluted with 2% glycerol. And 15 mg rhGH / ml) and diluted to the desired volume (usually 3.0 ml). Compounds and rhGH dosages are listed in Table 3 below.
[0050]
A typical administration and sampling protocol is as follows. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-250 g were fasted for 24 hours and ketamine (44 mg / kg) and chlorpromazine (1.5 mg / kg) were administered 15 minutes prior to dosing. One administration group of 5 rats was administered one of the administration solutions. For oral gastrointestinal (PO) administration, an 11 cm Rusch 8 French catheter was attached to a 1 mL syringe with a pipette tip. The syringe was filled with the dosing solution by drawing the solution through the catheter, and then the catheter was wiped dry. The catheter was placed in the esophagus leaving 1 cm past the rat incisor. The solution was administered by pressing a syringe plug. For intracolonic (IC) administration, a 7.5 cm Rusch catheter (French 8 or 6) was attached to a syringe with an Eppendorf pipette tip. The syringe was filled with the dosing solution by drawing the solution through the catheter tube. The dosing catheter was wiped dry. KY jelly was placed on the tip to avoid contact with the tube eye and inserted through the anus into the colon until the tube disappeared. The solution was injected by pressing the syringe plug and the tube was removed.
[0051]
Blood samples are typically at time = 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 minutes for oral administration and at 0, 10, 20, 30, 60 and 90 minutes for IC administration. Serial collection from the tail artery. Five samples from each time were pooled. Sealam rhGH concentration was quantified with the rhGH immunoassay test kit (Kit # K1F4015, obtained from Genzyme Corporation Inc., Cambridge, MA). Previous studies showed a baseline value of approximately zero.
The maximum concentration for each group is reported in Table 3 below.
[0052]
[Table 3]
[0053]
All of the above patents, applications, test methods, and literature are incorporated herein by reference.
Many variations of the invention will suggest themselves to those skilled in the art in view of the above detailed description. All these obvious transformations are within the scope of the claims.
Claims (12)
(B)化合物1−3、
(B)(a)付形剤、
(b)希釈剤、
(c)崩壊剤、
(d)潤滑剤、
(e)可塑剤、
(f)着色剤、
(g)投与ビヒクル、または
(h)これらの種々の組み合わせを含む、投与単位形態組成物。(A) the composition of claim 2; and (B) (a) an excipient.
(B) diluent,
(C) a disintegrant,
(D) lubricant,
(E) plasticizer,
(F) a colorant,
A dosage unit form composition comprising (g) an administration vehicle, or (h) various combinations thereof.
(B)請求項1記載の化合物;及び
(C)任意に、投与ビヒクルを混合することを含む、活性剤をターゲットにデリバリーするための組成物の調製方法。(A) at least one salmon calcitonin, heparin, low molecular weight heparin, Contact and active agent selected from the group consisting of;
A method of preparing a composition for delivering an active agent to a target, comprising: (B) a compound according to claim 1; and (C) optionally mixing an administration vehicle.
(B)式:
R2は、HまたはC1-C4アルキルであり;
R3はハロゲンであり;
R4はHであり;
R5は、C1-C4アルキルであり;
R6は、HまたはC1-C4アルキルであり;
R7は、H、C1-C4アルキル、またはアリールであり;
R7は、任意に−OHで置換されている)
を有する化合物またはその塩を含む、活性剤をターゲットにデリバリーするための組成物。(A) salmon calcitonin, heparin, low molecular weight heparin, Contact and activator selected from the group consisting of; and (B) Formula:
R 2 is H or C 1 -C 4 alkyl;
R 3 is halogen;
R 4 is H;
R 5 is C 1 -C 4 alkyl;
R 6 is H or C 1 -C 4 alkyl;
R 7 is H, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, or aryl;
R 7 is optionally substituted with —OH)
A composition for delivering an active agent to a target, comprising a compound having a salt or a salt thereof.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US22639000P | 2000-08-18 | 2000-08-18 | |
| PCT/US2001/025679 WO2002016309A1 (en) | 2000-08-18 | 2001-08-16 | Compounds and compositions for delivering active agents |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2004506711A JP2004506711A (en) | 2004-03-04 |
| JP4624642B2 true JP4624642B2 (en) | 2011-02-02 |
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Country Status (5)
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| US (1) | US7138546B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1317412A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP4624642B2 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2001284985A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2002016309A1 (en) |
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| CN1838968A (en) | 2003-08-08 | 2006-09-27 | 艾伯吉尼斯公司 | Antibodies aimed to parathyroid hormone (PTH) and uses thereof |
| US7318925B2 (en) | 2003-08-08 | 2008-01-15 | Amgen Fremont, Inc. | Methods of use for antibodies against parathyroid hormone |
| JP2007536268A (en) | 2004-05-06 | 2007-12-13 | エミスフェアー・テクノロジーズ・インク | Wet heparin in solid dosage form |
| CN102040535B (en) * | 2004-05-06 | 2012-10-17 | 爱密斯菲尔科技公司 | Polymorphs of monosodium N-[8-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)amino]octanoate |
| NZ551241A (en) | 2004-05-14 | 2010-08-27 | Emisphere Tech Inc | Aryl ketone compounds and compositions for delivering active agents |
| MXPA06013252A (en) | 2004-05-14 | 2007-02-28 | Emisphere Tech Inc | Compounds and compositions for delivering active agents. |
| BRPI0510820A (en) | 2004-05-19 | 2007-11-27 | Emisphere Tech Inc | pharmaceutical composition, unit dosage form and its uses |
| CN1968704B (en) | 2004-05-19 | 2010-12-08 | 爱密斯菲尔科技公司 | Topical cromolyn preparations |
| AU2005321803B2 (en) | 2004-12-29 | 2012-02-09 | Emisphere Technologies, Inc. | Pharmaceutical formulations of gallium salts |
| US8110547B2 (en) | 2005-01-12 | 2012-02-07 | Emisphere Technologies, Inc. | Compositions for buccal delivery of parathyroid hormone |
| WO2007011958A2 (en) | 2005-07-15 | 2007-01-25 | Emisphere Technologies, Inc. | Intraoral dosage forms of glucagon |
| WO2007121318A2 (en) | 2006-04-12 | 2007-10-25 | Emisphere Technologies, Inc. | Formulations for delivering insulin |
| US8771712B2 (en) | 2006-05-09 | 2014-07-08 | Emisphere Technologies, Inc. | Topical administration of acyclovir |
| JP5475443B2 (en) | 2006-06-28 | 2014-04-16 | エミスフェアー・テクノロジーズ・インク | Gallium nitrate preparation |
| JP5577094B2 (en) * | 2006-08-31 | 2014-08-20 | エミスフェアー・テクノロジーズ・インク | Compounds and compositions for delivering active agents |
| US20110039930A1 (en) | 2009-08-03 | 2011-02-17 | Emisphere Technologies, Inc. | Fast-acting naproxen composition with reduced gastrointestinal effects |
| WO2013122130A1 (en) * | 2012-02-17 | 2013-08-22 | 国立大学法人名古屋大学 | Production method for hydroxy-carboxylic acid amide compound, and novel arylboronic acid compound |
| PL2897620T3 (en) | 2012-09-21 | 2020-11-02 | Intensity Therapeutics, Inc | Method of treating cancer |
| UA116217C2 (en) | 2012-10-09 | 2018-02-26 | Санофі | Exendin-4 derivatives as dual glp1/glucagon agonists |
| AU2013366692B2 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2017-11-23 | Sanofi | Dual GLP1/GIP or trigonal GLP1/GIP/Glucagon agonists |
| WO2015086728A1 (en) | 2013-12-13 | 2015-06-18 | Sanofi | Exendin-4 peptide analogues as dual glp-1/gip receptor agonists |
| WO2015086733A1 (en) | 2013-12-13 | 2015-06-18 | Sanofi | Dual glp-1/glucagon receptor agonists |
| EP3080154B1 (en) | 2013-12-13 | 2018-02-07 | Sanofi | Dual glp-1/gip receptor agonists |
| EP3080152A1 (en) | 2013-12-13 | 2016-10-19 | Sanofi | Non-acylated exendin-4 peptide analogues |
| TW201625670A (en) | 2014-04-07 | 2016-07-16 | 賽諾菲公司 | Dual GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonists derived from EXENDIN-4 |
| TW201625669A (en) | 2014-04-07 | 2016-07-16 | 賽諾菲公司 | Peptidic dual GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonists derived from Exendin-4 |
| TW201625668A (en) | 2014-04-07 | 2016-07-16 | 賽諾菲公司 | Exendin-4 derivatives as peptidic dual GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonists |
| US9932381B2 (en) | 2014-06-18 | 2018-04-03 | Sanofi | Exendin-4 derivatives as selective glucagon receptor agonists |
| AR105319A1 (en) | 2015-06-05 | 2017-09-27 | Sanofi Sa | PROPHARMS THAT INCLUDE A DUAL AGONIST GLU-1 / GLUCAGON CONJUGATE HIALURONIC ACID CONNECTOR |
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| JP2521636B2 (en) * | 1992-07-15 | 1996-08-07 | 花王株式会社 | Keratin fiber dye composition |
| US5583020A (en) * | 1992-11-24 | 1996-12-10 | Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Permeability enhancers for negatively charged polynucleotides |
| US6358504B1 (en) * | 1997-02-07 | 2002-03-19 | Emisphere Technologies, Inc. | Compounds and compositions for delivering active agents |
| US5863944A (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 1999-01-26 | Emisphere Technologies, Inc. | Compounds and compositions for delivering active agents |
| IL140930A0 (en) | 1998-08-07 | 2002-02-10 | Emisphere Tech Inc | Compounds and compositions for delivering active agents |
| FR2799961B1 (en) * | 1999-10-21 | 2002-07-19 | Oreal | KERATINIC FIBER OXIDATION DYE COMPOSITION AND DYEING METHOD USING THE SAME |
| US6384278B1 (en) * | 2000-02-04 | 2002-05-07 | Emisphere Technologies, Inc. | Boron-mediated amidation of carboxylic acids |
| WO2002015959A2 (en) | 2000-08-18 | 2002-02-28 | Emisphere Technologies, Inc. | Compounds and compositions for delivering active agents |
-
2001
- 2001-08-16 US US10/362,067 patent/US7138546B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-08-16 EP EP01964093A patent/EP1317412A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-08-16 JP JP2002521185A patent/JP4624642B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-08-16 AU AU2001284985A patent/AU2001284985A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-08-16 WO PCT/US2001/025679 patent/WO2002016309A1/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20030216287A1 (en) | 2003-11-20 |
| US7138546B2 (en) | 2006-11-21 |
| WO2002016309A1 (en) | 2002-02-28 |
| AU2001284985A1 (en) | 2002-03-04 |
| JP2004506711A (en) | 2004-03-04 |
| EP1317412A1 (en) | 2003-06-11 |
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